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graphical data structure, somewhat like a data structure out of the C programming language, but with a facility for attaching shapes and colors to the data, so that the user can visualize and/or edit it. The data itself can be edited from scratch or can be imported from files, generated algorithmically, or derived from analyses of incoming sounds or other data streams.
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of the data flowing between operations. In Pure Data and Max, functions or "objects" are linked or "patched" together in a graphical environment which models the flow of the control and audio. Unlike the original version of Max, however, Pd was always designed to do control-rate and audio processing
493:, and many others. However, Pd is also a programming language. Modular, reusable units of code written natively in Pd, called "patches" or "abstractions", are used as standalone programs and freely shared among the Pd user community, and no other programming skill is required to use Pd effectively.
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Pd is designed to offer an extremely unstructured environment for describing data structures and their graphical appearance. The underlying idea is to allow the user to display any kind of data he or she wants to, associating it in any way with the display. To accomplish this Pd introduces a
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Though a powerful language, Pd has certain limitations in its implementation of object-oriented concepts. For example, it is very difficult to create massively parallel processes because instantiating and manipulating large lists of objects (spawning, etc.) is impossible due to a lack of a
597:, Pd's structs are composed of any combination of floats, symbols, and array data that can be used as parameters to describe the visual appearance of the data structure or, conversely, to control messages and audio signals in a Pd patch. In Puckette's words:
527:, a symbol, or a pointer to a data structure (in Pd, all numbers are stored as 32-bit floats). Messages are composed of one or more atoms and provide instructions to objects. A special type of message with null content called a
520:, usually at 44,100 samples per second, and control rate, at 1 block per 64 samples. Control messages and audio signals generally flow from the top of the screen to the bottom between "objects" connected via inlets and outlets.
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Pd is natively designed to enable live collaboration across networks or the
Internet, allowing musicians connected via LAN or even in disparate parts of the globe to create music together in real time. Pd uses
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constructor function. Further, Pd arrays and other entities are susceptible to namespace collisions because passing the patch instance ID is an extra step and is sometimes difficult to accomplish.
726:(with a Q of 20), then fades it in and out each second over the course of a half second. In Pd, time is measured in milliseconds, thus the '1000' is one second and the '500' is a half second.
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Danks, M. (1997). Real-time image and video processing in Gem. In: Proceedings of the
International Computer Music Conference, pp. 220–223. International Computer Music Association.
367:, and is to some degree interoperable with Max/MSP, the commercial predecessor to the Max language. They may be collectively discussed as members of the Patcher family of languages.
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Living up to Pd's name, data structures enable Pd users to create arbitrarily complex static as well as dynamic or animated graphical representations of musical data. Much like
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Danks, M. (1996). The graphics environment for max. In: Proceedings of the
International Computer Music Conference, pp. 67–70. International Computer Music Association.
586:. These can be used in a large variety of ways, from composing musical scores, sequencing events, to creating visuals to accompany Pd patches or even extending Pd's
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Pd supports four basic types of text entities: messages, objects, atoms, and comments. Atoms are the most basic unit of data in Pd, and they consist of either a
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Puckette, M. S. (1997). Pure data. In: Proceedings of the
International Computer Music Conference, pp. 224–227. International Computer Music Association.
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Pd has been used for prototyping audio for video games by a number of audio designers. For example, EAPd is the internal version of Pd that is used at
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or objects which are used as building blocks for programs written in the software. This makes the program arbitrarily extensible through a public
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operators found in every programming language to general and specialized audio-rate DSP functions (designated by a tilde (~) symbol), such as
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Pure Data has been used as the basis of a number of projects, as a prototyping language and a sound engine. The table interface called the
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956:. Proceedings, International Computer Music Conference. San Francisco: International Computer Music Association, pp. 269–272.
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Pd has also been used for networked performance, in the
Networked Resources for Collaborative Improvisation (NRCI) Library.
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graphics, images, etc., in realtime with extensive possibilities for interactivity with audio, external sensors, etc.
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The second patch applies reverberation to the incoming signal from channel 1, then emits it on channels 1 and 2.
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Pd
Elementary Method (in Farsi) - PDF and patches (مبانی بنیادین نرم افزار پی دی نوشته منصور حبیب دوست)
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One of the key innovations in Pd over its predecessors has been the introduction of graphical
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Puckette, M. (1988). The patcher. In
Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference.
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project with a large developer base working on new extensions. It is released under
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is used to initiate events and push data into flow, much like pushing a button.
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Jorda, Sergi; Kaltenbrunner, Martin; Geiger, Gunter; Bencina, Ross (2005).
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Pure Data objects. The text strings to the right of the boxes are comments.
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This article is about programming language. For storage server, see
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Pure Data as a Meta-Compositional
Instrument: Compositions Volume 2
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Pure Data as a Meta-Compositional
Instrument: Compositions Volume 1
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Making
Musical Apps – Real-time audio synthesis on Android and iOS
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works. While Puckette is the main author of the program, Pd is an
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Like Max, Pd is a dataflow programming language. As with most
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The last, more complex patch filters white noise at 9000
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programming language, or with the help of other externals, in
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Pd is very similar in scope and design to Puckette's original
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Composition: Pure Data as a Meta-Compositional Instrument
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which was used for Max/FTS). Pd code forms the basis of
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895:. Music Technology Group/IUA, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
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The first patch prints "hello world" to the display.
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Loadbang: Programming Electronic Music in Pure Data
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Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics
908:"Gamespy: The Beat Goes on: Dynamic Music in Spore"
426:languages. Dataflow languages model a program as a
855:Pd Documentation Chapter 2 — 2.9. Data structures
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394:(as n-dimensional matrix processing, for Linux,
47:Pure Data with many patches open (netpd project)
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975:The Theory and Technique of Electronic Music
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1518:Center for New Music and Audio Technologies
932:. Department of Music, Stanford University.
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773:Comparison of audio synthesis environments
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1156:Pd Recipe Book ―Pure Dataではじめるサウンドプログラミング
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655:(EA). It has also been embedded into EA
534:Pd's native objects range from the basic
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710:Patch 3: Filters and data flow in Pd.
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745:Free and open-source software portal
671:Pure Data visual code sample patches
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753:Graphics Environment for Multimedia
616:Score for Hans-Christoph Steiner's
372:Graphics Environment for Multimedia
363:program, developed while he was at
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75:0.53-2 / March 15, 2023
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648:both embed Pd as a sound engine.
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554:(fft~), and a range of standard
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867:"Possibilities#2: Audio Layer"
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1:
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801:"Software by Miller Puckette"
698:Patch 2: Reverberation in Pd.
644:and the abandoned iPhone app
1632:Visual programming languages
1173:Habibdoost, Mansoor (2013).
835:"FAQ: Max 4 - Cycling '74"
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996:Kreidler, Johannes (2009).
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306:visual programming language
132:Visual programming language
16:Visual programming language
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410:as a networking protocol.
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1154:Matsumura, Sei (2012).
952:Puckette, M. S. (1996)
433:central processing unit
77:; 17 months ago
971:Puckette, Miller Smith
778:List of music software
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1019:Pd~graz, ed. (2006).
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627:Language limitations
424:dataflow programming
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1523:Princeton Sound Lab
684:Hello world program
518:sample (audio) rate
461:Like Max, Pd has a
414:Similarities to Max
348:. Ports exist for
195:First appeared
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1310:Jean-Claude Risset
1270:Giuseppe di Giugno
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564:Open Sound Control
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189:Miller S. Puckette
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1011:978-3-936000-57-3
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1583:Illiac Suite
1581:
1575:Compositions
1426:
1363:Programs and
1335:Barry Vercoe
1315:Curtis Roads
1250:Marc Battier
1175:
1155:
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264:BSD-3-Clause
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21:IBM PureData
1457:TidalCycles
1422:Music Mouse
1365:instruments
1295:Gérard Pape
1290:Max Mathews
1285:Paul Lansky
382:for Linux,
322:open-source
1606:Categories
1542:Techniques
1260:David Cope
941:References
810:14 January
388:framestein
318:multimedia
220:2022-03-15
111:/pure-data
109:/pure-data
96:Repository
82:2023-03-15
1478:Bell Labs
1442:Riffusion
1437:Radiodrum
1427:Pure Data
954:Pure Data
873:5 January
840:5 January
763:reacTable
682:Patch 1:
642:Reactable
595:C structs
548:wavetable
467:externals
298:Pure Data
166:Pure Data
27:Pure Data
1447:Sonic Pi
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1113:(2018).
1091:(2012).
973:(2007).
768:Puredyne
731:See also
619:Solitude
605:—
568:FireWire
514:software
396:Mac OS X
392:GridFlow
384:Mac OS X
275:puredata
177:Dataflow
172:Paradigm
155:puredata
1432:MUSIC-N
1412:Max/MSP
1330:Trimpin
1325:The Hub
1025:Hofheim
1002:Hofheim
912:GameSpy
758:Max/MSP
556:filters
544:bitwise
540:logical
463:modular
350:FreeBSD
346:Windows
342:Android
304:) is a
290:Patcher
270:Website
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334:MacOS
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1462:UPIC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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