1549:
476:(died 407) is recorded as preaching from the ambo, but this was probably uncommon at this date. In cathedrals early bishops seem often to have preached from their chair in the apse, echoing the position of magistrates in the secular basilicas whose general form most large early churches adopted. Often there were two ambos, one to each side, one used more as a platform on which the choir sang; sometimes the gospel was read, chanted or sung from one side and the epistle from the other. The location of the ambo within the church varied, with about the same range of places as modern pulpits. In ancient Syrian churches it was often placed in the centre of the nave (on both axes). Gradually the ambo came to resemble the modern pulpit in both form and function, though early examples in large churches are often large enough to accommodate several people. The steps up to the pulpit almost invariably approach it from the side or behind, and are often curved. The typical design of the Islamic minbar, where a straight flight of steps leads to the front of the pulpit, is very different.
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1305:
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358:, or at the side of the nave some way down. This is especially the case in large churches, to ensure the preacher can be heard by all the congregation. Fixed seating for the congregation came relatively late in the history of church architecture, so the preacher being behind some of the congregation was less of an issue than later. Fixed seating facing forward in the nave and modern electric amplification has tended to reduce the use of pulpits in the middle of the nave. Outdoor pulpits, usually attached to the exterior of the church, or at a
179:
1172:
574:, the former tending to an emotional and populist style and the latter more intellectual. Some preaching was done outdoors by touring preachers, but the orders, especially in Italy, soon began constructing large churches designed to hold congregations who came to hear star preachers. These featured large raised pulpits, typically some way down the nave, and sometimes in pairs on either side of the nave. These were both used for various purposes, whether different readings in services, accommodating singers or musicians at times, or for
1411:
1534:
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1041:
1579:
202:
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969:
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1983:
32:
867:. This is done to signify that the Passion of Christ is being "broadcast" for all to know. In the same spirit, a phonetic transcription of the relevant Gospel passages is provided in several common languages (e.g. English, French, Russian, Arabic etc.), so that they may be read from this pulpit at the same time.
936:
The bookstand of the pulpit (usually in medieval churches) or lectern (common in
Anglican churches) may be formed in the shape of an eagle. The eagle symbolizes the gospels, and shows where these were read from at the time the eagle was placed there. When pulpits like those by the Pisani with eagles
373:
comes from the Latin word "lectus" past participle of legere, meaning "to read", because the lectern primarily functions as a reading stand. It is typically used by lay people to read the scripture lessons (except for the Gospel lesson), to lead the congregation in prayer, and to make announcements.
614:
309. The dignity of the word of God requires that in the church there be a suitable place from which it may be proclaimed and toward which the attention of the faithful naturally turns during the
Liturgy of the Word. It is appropriate that generally this place be a stationary ambo and not simply a
928:
or "pulpit fall", a piece of cloth that covers the top of the book-stand in the pulpit and hangs down a short way at the front. It is often of a rich material and decorated with
Christian symbols. Flags and banners used by church-related organizations may also stand on the floor around the pulpit.
656:
belief that the clergy should preach sermons on
Biblical passages to the congregation. To achieve this, some existing churches were adapted to place the clergyman in a position audible to all, which in larger churches usually places this in a visible location, and raised up. This had long been the
338:
In many
Reformed and Evangelical Protestant denominations, the pulpit is at the centre of the front of the church, while in the Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican traditions the pulpit is placed to one side and the altar or communion table is in the centre. In many Christian churches, there are two
854:
also have a raised pulpit on the left side of the nave, usually attached to a column and raised several feet high. This is reached by a narrow flight of stairs. It is considered an architectural element that is symmetrical to the bishop's throne, which is located in an equivalent position on the
718:. In more contemporary evangelical churches, the pulpit may be much smaller, if used at all, and may be carried out after the end of the song service. Often placed in the centre of the platform as well, the item of furniture may be used by both lay and ordained members, in effect doubling as a
749:
and elsewhere often had a central pulpit, that is, the pulpit was located in the centre of the chancel in the position where most churches have the communion table or altar. The table could be situated in front of the pulpit or to the side, and sometimes was not in the chancel area at all.
753:
This declares the Bible to be the foundation of the faith. Furthermore, the "Centrality of the Word" implies that the reading and preaching of the Bible is the centrepiece of a service of worship, and thus takes priority over the sacraments. The central pulpit is intended to give visual
673:
stands for most of the service. In the eighteenth century, double-decker and triple-decker pulpits were often introduced in
English-speaking countries. The three levels of lecterns were intended to show the relative importance of the readings delivered there. The bottom tier was for the
664:
churches, the pulpit is considered one of the most important pieces of furniture in the church. In certain
Presbyterian, Anglican and Methodist churches designed with a pulpit-centered chancel, the pulpit is located centrally in relation to the congregation and raised, with the
932:
In the
Reformed tradition, though avoiding figurative art, pulpits were increasingly important as a focus for the church, with the sanctuary now comparatively bare and de-emphasized, and were often larger and more elaborately decorated than in medieval churches.
820:. In larger churches, the ambo might be distinguished by three curved steps by which one may reach it from the nave. In addition many Orthodox churches, especially Greek-speaking churches, have pulpits for preaching from, which are similar to those in
615:
movable lectern. The ambo must be located in keeping with the design of each church in such a way that the ordained ministers and readers may be clearly seen and heard by the faithful. From the ambo only the readings, the
Responsorial Psalm, and the
503:
survives. In churches where there is only one speaker's stand at the front of the church, it serves the functions of both lectern and pulpit and may be called the ambo, which is still the official
Catholic term for the place the gospel is read from.
657:
practice in larger Catholic churches and many smaller ones, but was now made universal. In smaller churches the pulpit remained in the traditional east end of the church, where altars were usually located, but was often raised higher than before.
1661:
578:
between two speakers across the nave. Accordingly, they often have a larger platform area than later pulpits. For example, the St. Antony's Church, Ollur, pulpit is one of the tallest and largest relief sculptured wooden pulpit in India.
847:. If the bishop is serving in a simple parish church, an episcopal ambo is set temporarily in place. There are huge intricately carved wooden pulpits, some of the biggest in India and the world, in the Syrian churches of Kerala, India
1612:
619:(Exsultet) are to be proclaimed; likewise it may be used for giving the Homily and for announcing the intentions of the Universal Prayer. The dignity of the ambo requires that only a minister of the word should stand at it. ...
1766:
When facing the altar, the left side is called the Gospel side. The right side is called the Epistle side. In the early church, the lector (reader) read the Gospel from the left side of the altar and the Epistle from the right
855:
right. Pulpit and throne are usually similar in construction, usually made of either sculpted stone or sculpted wood. This pulpit was used mostly for sermons and in order to improve audibility, before the advent of modern
713:
churches, the pulpit stands squarely in the centre of the platform, and is generally the largest piece of church furniture. This is to symbolise the proclamation of the Word of God as the central focus of the weekly
1548:
382:
is read, is located to the congregation's left and the pulpit, from which the sermon is delivered, is located on the right (the Gospel being read from either the centre of the chancel or in front of the altar).
239:
above and sometimes also behind the speaker, normally in wood. Though sometimes highly decorated, this is not purely decorative, but can have a useful acoustic effect in projecting the preacher's voice to the
1473:
390:, rotated to different positions in the church quarterly in the year, to allow all parts of the congregation a chance to have the best sound. A portable outside pulpit of wood and canvas was used by
1958:
Details with many photographs in the St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, esp. Vol.2, 1973 Ed. George Menachery and in the Indian Church History Classics, Vol.1, 1998, Ed. George Menachery
386:
Though unusual, movable pulpits with wheels were also found in English churches. They were either wheeled into place for each service where they would be used or, as at the hospital church in
227:(platform or staging). The traditional pulpit is raised well above the surrounding floor for audibility and visibility, accessed by steps, with sides coming to about waist height. From the
1006:
1123:
2071:
Menachery, George, The Indian Church History Classics, Vol. I, "The Nazranies", South Asia Research Assistance Services (SARAS), Ollur, 1998 for many photos and descriptions.
1643:
1596:
1387:
1433:
1345:
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below, especially prior to the invention of modern audio equipment. Most pulpits have one or more book-stands for the preacher to rest his bible, notes or texts upon.
1040:
678:, the middle was the reading desk for the minister, and the top tier was reserved for the delivery of the sermon. A good example of a three-decker pulpit is found in
2068:
Menachery, George, The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, Vols. I (1982) Trichur, II (1973) Trichur, III (2009) Ollur, for many photographs and articles.
1304:
1329:
1063:
362:, are also found in several denominations. If attached to the outside wall of a church, these may be entered from a doorway in the wall, or by steps outside.
1213:
984:
915:
528:
1619:
1021:
1245:
1171:
1517:
1451:
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487:, was originally installed centrally, but later moved to the side. It is richly decorated with sheets of gold, ivory, and gems, probably emulating
898:
these were sometimes, especially in Lutheran churches, one of the few areas of the church left with figurative decoration such as scenes from the
1628:
924:
Elements of decoration shared between Catholic and Protestant denominations are the flowers that may be placed in front of the pulpit, and the
675:
1883:
1496:
1201:
1891:
1229:
952:. This allowed for fantastical plaster or wood decoration of sails and rigging manned by angels above, and apostles hauling in nets below.
859:
systems in churches. Nowadays it is used rarely. Tradition dictates that it be used for the reading of the "12 Passion Gospels" during the
1088:
339:
speakers' stands at the front of the church. Often, the one on the left (as viewed by the congregation) is called the pulpit. Since the
686:. In Lutheran churches, as well as many Anglican and Methodist churches designed with a divided chancel, the pulpit is located on the
251:. This is mandated in the regulations of the Catholic Church, and several others (though not always strictly observed). Even in Welsh
1410:
1189:
944:
churches a space for spectacular features of various types on top of it. An artistic conceit largely confined to the 18th-century
607:
2094:
1352:
770:
1369:
1816:
683:
1554:
2089:
1050:
606:, and depending on the arrangement of the church, the homily may be delivered from a raised pulpit where there is one. The
1578:
1533:
968:
1153:
255:, this was felt appropriate, and in some chapels a second pulpit was built opposite the main one for lay exhortations,
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1394:
1313:
187:
115:
96:
1864:
The many photographs in The Indian Church History Classics, Vol. I, The Nazranies, Ed. George Menachery, 1998&c.
374:
Because the epistle lesson is usually read from the lectern, the lectern side of the church is sometimes called the
1012:
679:
68:
193:
1539:
2059:
2041:
2023:
2005:
1288:
1073:
414:) means both 'platform' and 'step', and was used for a variety of secular raised speaking platforms in ancient
53:
75:
1750:
902:. Pulpit reliefs were especially important at the start of the Italian Renaissance, including those from the
516:
252:
948:
churches of South Germany was to shape the body of the pulpit as a ship, to utilize the old metaphor of the
543:
2084:
765:
layout. Thus many buildings which once had a central pulpit now have a pulpit to the side. See for example
628:
350:
In both Catholic and Protestant churches the pulpit may be located closer to the main congregation in the
860:
426:. Modern synagogue bimahs are often similar in form to centrally placed pulpits in Evangelical churches.
433:. It was originally a raised platform, often large, with a lectern and seats for the clergy, from which
82:
1563:
1273:
1032:
599:
450:
271:
and ordinary announcements. The traditional Catholic location of the pulpit to the left side of the
1905:
64:
558:
Preaching had always been important in Catholicism, but received a particular revival in the late
170:
682:, Lancashire. America's only surviving three-decker pulpit on the centerline of the church is at
670:
365:
The other speaker's stand, usually on the right (as viewed by the congregation), is known as the
355:
147:
128:
49:
42:
20:
1723:
1884:"Chapter V: The Arrangement and Ornamentation of Churches for the Celebration of the Eucharist"
1588:
1487:
991:
907:
895:
879:
548:
520:
460:, from a Greek word meaning an elevation. This was originally a raised platform from which the
2027:
1843:
2063:
2045:
2009:
1635:
1483:
899:
844:
241:
2016:
Art and Architecture of the Synagogue in Late Antique Palestine: In The Shadow of the Church
343:
lesson is often read from the pulpit, the pulpit side of the church is sometimes called the
1603:
1569:
821:
801:
442:
206:
133:
8:
1988:
1376:
1054:
766:
500:
430:
636:
949:
758:
715:
394:, and a 19th-century Anglican vicar devised a folding iron pulpit for using outdoors.
178:
2055:
2037:
2019:
2001:
1812:
1159:
594:. Despite its name, this structure usually more closely resembles a lectern than the
480:
1785:
89:
2099:
1702:
1524:
1417:
1163:
1046:
703:
699:
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of the chancel (from which the Gospel is read and the sermon is delivered) while a
484:
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228:
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809:
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359:
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890:
The exterior of a wood or stone pulpit may be decorated, especially with carved
903:
856:
840:
776:
This Presbyterian tradition is historically distinct from the tradition of the
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311:
183:
160:
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201:
2078:
1947:
1653:
1508:
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137:
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and most other Presbyterian denominations has been for a return to the pre-
742:
730:
695:
492:
288:
264:
1927:
422:, and from those times to today for the central raised platform in Jewish
259:
and other speeches. Many churches have a second, smaller stand called the
1317:
1236:
1069:
937:
in stone on them were built the gospel reading was done from the pulpit.
925:
805:
762:
733:
became a popular design in churches, combining the pulpit and the altar.
687:
645:
575:
567:
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468:
would be read, and was an option to be used as a preacher's platform for
391:
174:"Two-decker" pulpit in an abandoned Welsh chapel, with reading desk below
164:
975:
875:
1310:
1099:
661:
387:
323:
231:
onwards, pulpits have often had a canopy known as the sounding board,
1480:
1356:
1256:
1134:
940:
The spread of the sounding board offered artists decorating Catholic
919:
831:
there is usually a low platform in the center of the nave called the
828:
795:
603:
488:
438:
423:
327:
256:
1461:
31:
1618:
Gothic-revival "wine glass" pulpit and sounding board from 1872 in
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512:
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217:
156:
1982:
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1220:
1177:
1130:
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998:
941:
719:
691:
641:
461:
446:
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429:
The use of a bema carried over from Judaism into early Christian
379:
366:
292:
272:
260:
267:, which can be used by lay persons, and is often used for other
1682:
1465:
1421:
1360:
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945:
891:
851:
836:
817:
587:
508:
469:
465:
415:
340:
315:
248:
141:
1948:
Catholic Encyclopædia: Ambo (in the Russian and Greek Church)
1321:
563:
409:
221:
1671:, which is now located perpendicular to the communion table
1138:
850:
In addition to the ambo, many major churches in Greece and
813:
669:
being in front of it. In such churches it may be where the
644:
Chapel, England, a private chapel on the Calvinist edge of
419:
404:
351:
307:
276:
804:
the area directly in front of the Beautiful Gates of the
295:
churches the pulpit is located in the centre behind the
812:, and the entire low elevation above the level of the
808:
from which the Gospel is typically read is called the
602:. The readings are typically read from an ambo in the
1439:
Many of the most elaborate Catholic pulpits are from
632:
Martin Luther's pulpit c.1525, Lutherhaus, Wittenberg
220:
in a Christian church. The origin of the word is the
1978:
1223:
polychromed wood in a South German pilgrimage church
445:
the bema developed over time into the sanctuary and
1998:
The Oxford Handbook of the British Sermon 1689–1901
1072:'s Traveling Pulpit at the World Methodist Museum,
736:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
916:Pulpit of Sant' Andrea, Pistoia by Giovanni Pisano
1779:
1777:
1775:
378:. In other churches, the lectern, from which the
326:for something which is said with official church
2076:
1620:St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church
757:Since the late 19th century, the fashion in the
698:of the sanctuary, with the latter being used by
511:panels, were important monuments in the Italian
1809:Our Catholic Symbols: A Rich Spiritual Heritage
1783:
1772:
507:Large raised pulpits, elaborately carved with
299:. Many modern Roman Catholic churches have an
197:Ambo, in the modern Catholic sense, in Austria
1830:
1828:
1733:
1731:
1335:Stone pulpit at Chiesa Bartolomeo in Pantano
1180:pulpit of 1613 carved in wood by Paolo Froni
515:, with the best known including those of the
303:that functions as both a pulpit and lectern.
2036:, 2003, Southern Illinois University Press,
1996:Francis, Keith A., Gibson, William, et al.,
1892:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
1113:A modern pulpit in Jakobskirken, Roskilde,
441:were read and the sermon was delivered. In
1925:
1825:
1728:
1724:Illustrated Dictionary of British Churches
816:in front of the iconostasis is called the
586:Churches, the stand used for readings and
306:Equivalent platforms for speakers are the
1811:. Twenty-Third Publications. p. 23.
1784:Donelson, Paul G.; Hickman, Hoyt (1984).
1745:
1743:
729:churches in Germany and Scandinavia, the
132:The pulpit of the Notre-Dame de Revel in
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1876:
1800:
1027:Open-air pulpit in the forecourt of the
874:
725:In the 1600s and 1700s, particularly in
640:Centrally placed three-decker pulpit at
635:
627:
542:
200:
192:
177:
169:
146:
127:
2054:, 2011, Liturgy Training Publications,
1888:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
1756:. Cross of Christ Lutheran Church. 2016
1479:A Calvinist 17th-century pulpit of the
1239:, Bavaria in the shape of a ship's prow
783:
608:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
2077:
1740:
1652:at balcony level, St. Peter Lutheran,
1251:A late 18th-century pulpit in a small
771:Old West Church, Boston, Massachusetts
1806:
684:Trinity Church, Newport, Rhode Island
247:The pulpit is generally reserved for
1786:"The Key Furnishings in the Chancel"
843:and where he is enthroned until the
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
13:
1705:. Merriam-Wester Online Dictionary
1555:Monastery of Santa María de Huerta
960:
472:, though there were others. Saint
14:
2111:
1314:Pieve delle Sante Flora e Lucilla
1080:
894:, and in the centuries after the
562:with the two preaching orders of
354:, either on the nave side of the
188:Church of St Thomas, Thurstonland
1981:
1660:
1642:
1627:
1611:
1595:
1577:
1562:
1547:
1532:
1516:
1495:
1472:
1450:
1432:
1409:
1386:
1368:
1344:
1328:
1303:
1287:
1272:
1244:
1228:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1170:
1152:
1145:
1122:
1106:
1087:
1062:
1039:
1020:
1015:, in the centre of London, 1680s
1005:
983:
967:
863:, served late in the evening of
737:Presbyterian Protestant churches
623:
547:The carved wooden pulpit of the
30:
1961:
1952:
1941:
1919:
1898:
1867:
1858:
1195:Italian pulpit of 1150 or older
529:Pulpit of Sant' Andrea, Pistoia
314:and Jewish synagogues, and the
279:has been generally retained by
41:needs additional citations for
1849:
1837:
1717:
1695:
1634:Neo-Byzantine in the Catholic
1353:St. John the Baptist Cathedral
870:
538:
483:, an Imperial gift of 1014 to
205:19th-century wooden pulpit in
1:
2095:Christian religious furniture
1974:
1844:Mountford, 34–36; Ryan, 50–51
1602:Stone with wooden top in the
1013:St James's Church, Piccadilly
754:representation of this idea.
680:St Andrew's Church, Slaidburn
456:The next development was the
1622:, Charleston, South Carolina
1540:Saint-Thiébaut Church, Thann
1098:of a Presbyterian Church in
499:, of which a description by
7:
2090:Christian religious objects
1676:
1051:Shrine of the Little Flower
827:In Eastern Orthodox Church
333:
16:Speaker's stand in a church
10:
2116:
1807:Daley, Michael J. (2009).
974:External gothic pulpit in
955:
793:
787:
549:Basilica of Saint Clotilde
410:
397:
18:
1049:'s outdoor pulpit at the
1033:Scotch College, Melbourne
780:in Eastern Christianity.
600:Eastern Catholic Churches
1928:"The performance church"
1906:"Where's the Pulpit go?"
1688:
1604:Collégiale Saint-Florent
1395:Church of the Holy Ghost
159:, Indonesia, with large
2014:Milson, David William,
1669:St Helen's, Bishopsgate
1667:The Jacobean pulpit of
1606:, Niederhaslach, France
1094:A modern pulpit on the
839:is vested prior to the
590:is formally called the
21:Pulpit (disambiguation)
1589:Hingham, Massachusetts
1523:Baroque pulpit in the
1488:Buren, the Netherlands
1460:Church of St. Anne in
1279:Enånger old church in
992:Giovanni da Capistrano
908:Siena Cathedral Pulpit
896:Protestant Reformation
887:
880:Siena Cathedral Pulpit
702:to vocalize the other
649:
633:
621:
555:
521:Siena Cathedral Pulpit
216:is a raised stand for
209:
198:
190:
175:
167:
144:
1636:Westminster Cathedral
1393:Wooden pulpit at the
918:(1301), and those by
878:
861:Matins of Holy Friday
711:Evangelical Christian
639:
631:
612:
546:
204:
196:
181:
173:
150:
131:
2032:Mountford, Roxanne,
1570:Strasbourg Cathedral
822:Western Christianity
802:Eastern Christianity
784:Eastern Christianity
443:Western Christianity
318:of Islamic mosques.
229:late medieval period
207:Canterbury Cathedral
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2085:Church architecture
2052:The Sacristy Manual
2034:The Gendered Pulpit
1989:Christianity portal
1377:Worcester cathedral
1294:boat-shaped German
1207:Gothic wood, France
1055:Royal Oak, Michigan
767:Skene Parish Church
617:Easter Proclamation
501:Paul the Silentiary
431:church architecture
1751:"Acolyte Handbook"
1074:Lake Junaluska, NC
990:Outdoor pulpit of
888:
759:Church of Scotland
716:service of worship
694:is located on the
650:
634:
610:(GIRM) specifies:
556:
491:'s lost pulpit of
402:The Ancient Greek
210:
199:
191:
176:
168:
145:
2062:, 9781616710422,
2050:Ryan, G. Thomas,
2044:, 9780809388400,
2026:, 9789047418719,
2008:, 9780199583591,
1818:978-1-58595-753-8
1160:Ambon of Henry II
704:Scripture lessons
652:It is central to
519:(dated 1260) and
481:Ambon of Henry II
310:(bima, bimah) of
269:Scripture lessons
126:
125:
118:
100:
2107:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1926:Ronald L. Dart.
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1781:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1738:
1735:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1664:
1646:
1631:
1615:
1599:
1581:
1566:
1551:
1536:
1525:Amiens Cathedral
1520:
1499:
1476:
1454:
1436:
1418:Porvoo Cathedral
1413:
1390:
1375:Stone pulpit at
1372:
1348:
1332:
1307:
1291:
1276:
1248:
1232:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1174:
1164:Aachen Cathedral
1156:
1129:A pulpit in the
1126:
1110:
1091:
1066:
1043:
1024:
1009:
987:
971:
950:church as a ship
584:Western Catholic
485:Aachen Cathedral
413:
412:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2075:
2074:
2018:, 2006, BRILL,
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1910:
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1903:
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1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
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1842:
1838:
1833:
1826:
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1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1759:
1757:
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1741:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1632:
1623:
1616:
1607:
1600:
1591:
1585:Old Ship Church
1582:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1500:
1491:
1477:
1468:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1414:
1405:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1349:
1340:
1333:
1324:
1308:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1249:
1240:
1233:
1224:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1193:
1184:
1182:Parma Cathedral
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1127:
1118:
1111:
1102:
1092:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1044:
1035:
1025:
1016:
1010:
1001:
988:
979:
972:
963:
961:Outdoor pulpits
958:
873:
865:Maundy Thursday
845:Little Entrance
798:
792:
790:Ambon (liturgy)
786:
739:
667:communion table
626:
541:
533:Giovanni Pisano
517:Pisa Baptistery
474:John Chrysostom
400:
360:preaching cross
336:
324:synecdochically
320:From the pulpit
297:communion table
263:located in the
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2048:
2030:
2012:
1993:
1992:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1940:
1918:
1897:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1817:
1799:
1771:
1739:
1727:
1716:
1693:
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1687:
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1678:
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1659:
1657:
1648:
1641:
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1594:
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1583:
1576:
1574:
1568:
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1553:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1484:Dutch Reformed
1478:
1471:
1469:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1416:Pulpit at the
1415:
1408:
1406:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1363:(17th century)
1350:
1343:
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1334:
1327:
1325:
1309:
1302:
1300:
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1286:
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1227:
1225:
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1211:
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1199:
1197:
1194:
1187:
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1144:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1081:Modern pulpits
1079:
1078:
1077:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1004:
1002:
989:
982:
980:
973:
966:
962:
959:
957:
954:
904:Pisa Baptistry
900:Life of Christ
872:
869:
857:public address
841:Divine Liturgy
833:episcopal ambo
788:Main article:
785:
782:
738:
735:
625:
622:
540:
537:
497:Constantinople
399:
396:
335:
332:
322:is often used
312:ancient Greece
184:Gothic Revival
161:sounding board
153:Blenduk Church
124:
123:
106:September 2010
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2112:
2101:
2098:
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2067:
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2057:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1967:Mountford, 36
1964:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1929:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1720:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1654:Serbin, Texas
1651:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1511:, Switzerland
1510:
1509:Greifensee ZH
1506:
1505:
1504:Gallus chapel
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1146:Older pulpits
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1075:
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1065:
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1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1018:
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1008:
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1000:
997:
993:
986:
981:
977:
970:
965:
964:
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951:
947:
943:
938:
934:
930:
927:
922:
921:
917:
913:
912:Nicola Pisano
910:(1265–68) by
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
885:
884:Nicola Pisano
881:
877:
868:
866:
862:
858:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
797:
791:
781:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
751:
748:
744:
734:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
663:
658:
655:
647:
643:
638:
630:
624:Protestantism
620:
618:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
553:Paris, France
550:
545:
536:
535:, 1297-1301.
534:
531:, by his son
530:
526:
525:Nicola Pisano
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
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448:
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304:
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298:
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286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:Nonconformism
250:
245:
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219:
215:
208:
203:
195:
189:
185:
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143:
139:
138:Haute-Garonne
135:
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120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2064:google books
2051:
2046:google books
2033:
2028:google books
2015:
2010:google books
2000:, 2012 OUP,
1997:
1963:
1954:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1900:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1839:
1808:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1765:
1758:. Retrieved
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1697:
1650:Pulpit altar
1502:
1047:Fr. Coughlin
939:
935:
931:
923:
889:
849:
832:
826:
799:
775:
756:
752:
745:Churches in
743:Presbyterian
741:Traditional
740:
731:pulpit altar
724:
708:
696:Epistle side
676:parish clerk
659:
651:
613:
591:
581:
576:disputations
557:
506:
493:Hagia Sophia
478:
457:
455:
428:
403:
401:
385:
376:epistle side
375:
370:
364:
349:
344:
337:
319:
305:
289:Presbyterian
265:Epistle side
246:
242:congregation
236:
232:
224:
213:
211:
186:oak pulpit,
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1873:Ryan, 51–52
1855:Milson, 193
1834:Francis, 18
1792:30 November
1760:30 November
1737:Francis, 19
1709:13 February
1318:Santa Fiora
1237:Irsee Abbey
1070:John Wesley
926:antependium
906:(1260) and
871:Decorations
806:iconostasis
763:Reformation
688:Gospel side
646:Anglicanism
568:Franciscans
560:Middle Ages
539:Catholicism
392:John Wesley
369:. The word
345:gospel side
287:, while in
257:testimonies
165:antependium
2079:Categories
2060:161671042X
2042:0809388405
2024:9047418719
2006:0199583595
1975:References
1486:church in
1351:Pulpit at
1311:Terracotta
1255:church in
1235:Pulpit in
1137:church in
1100:California
835:where the
829:cathedrals
800:In modern
794:See also:
662:Protestant
654:Protestant
572:Dominicans
451:presbytery
439:Scriptures
424:synagogues
388:Shrewsbury
163:and cloth
151:Pulpit at
76:newspapers
1481:Calvinist
1357:Yaroslavl
1257:Spielfeld
1135:Methodist
920:Donatello
796:Analogion
604:sanctuary
489:Justinian
437:from the
328:authority
285:Anglicans
283:and many
281:Lutherans
237:abat-voix
218:preachers
1911:10 March
1703:"Pulpit"
1677:See also
1572:, France
1542:, France
1527:, France
1253:Catholic
1162:(1014),
978:, France
976:Saint-Lô
747:Scotland
727:Lutheran
709:In many
671:minister
588:homilies
527:and the
513:Duecento
470:homilies
356:crossing
334:Location
225:pulpitum
157:Semarang
65:"Pulpit"
2100:Pulpits
1933:19 June
1894:. 2011.
1557:, Spain
1458:Baroque
1444:Belgium
1441:Baroque
1426:Finland
1403:Estonia
1399:Tallinn
1380:England
1337:Pistoia
1265:Austria
1221:Baroque
1178:Baroque
1131:chancel
1115:Denmark
1096:chancel
999:Austria
956:Gallery
942:Baroque
892:reliefs
720:lectern
700:readers
692:lectern
642:Gibside
598:of the
566:, the
462:Epistle
447:chancel
435:lessons
398:Origins
380:Epistle
371:lectern
367:lectern
293:Baptist
273:chancel
261:lectern
90:scholar
2058:
2040:
2022:
2004:
1815:
1788:. UMCS
1683:Minbar
1466:Poland
1462:Kraków
1422:Porvoo
1361:Russia
1298:pulpit
1296:Rococo
1281:Sweden
1261:Styria
1029:Chapel
996:Vienna
946:Rococo
914:, the
886:, 1268
852:Cyprus
837:bishop
818:soleas
564:friars
509:relief
466:Gospel
416:Greece
341:Gospel
316:minbar
249:clergy
233:tester
214:pulpit
142:France
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1767:side.
1754:(PDF)
1689:Notes
1339:Italy
1322:Italy
1219:Late
1133:of a
882:, by
810:ambon
778:ambon
596:ambon
222:Latin
182:1870
134:Revel
97:JSTOR
83:books
2056:ISBN
2038:ISBN
2020:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1935:2015
1913:2010
1813:ISBN
1794:2021
1762:2021
1711:2015
1139:Ohio
814:nave
592:ambo
570:and
479:The
464:and
458:ambo
449:(or
420:Rome
418:and
411:βῆμα
405:bema
352:nave
308:bema
301:ambo
291:and
277:nave
69:news
1507:in
1420:in
1401:in
1397:in
1316:in
1053:in
1031:at
769:or
660:In
582:In
551:in
523:by
495:in
453:).
275:or
235:or
155:in
52:by
2081::
1890:.
1886:.
1827:^
1774:^
1764:.
1742:^
1730:^
1587:,
1464:,
1424:,
1359:,
1355:,
1320:,
1263:,
1259:,
994:,
824:.
773:.
722:.
706:.
347:.
330:.
212:A
140:,
136:,
1937:.
1915:.
1846:;
1821:.
1796:.
1713:.
1490:.
1267:.
1117:.
1057:.
648:.
408:(
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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