Education in the United States

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health if their combined revenue and unrestricted assets will no longer cover operating expenses in six years. Before COVID-19, 13 institutions were in danger of closing within 6 years in New England. With the presence of COVID-19, that number has increased to 25 institutions. In the United States due to the financial impact caused by COVID-19, 110 more colleges and universities are now at risk of closing. This labels the total number of colleges and universities in peril due to pandemic to be 345 institutions. While prestigious colleges and universities have historically had financial cushion due to high levels of enrollment, private colleges at a low risk have dropped from 485 to 385. Federal COVID-19 relief has assisted students and universities. However, it has not been enough to bandage the financial wound created by COVID-19. Colby-Sawyer College located in New Hampshire has received about $ 780,000 in assistance through the

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combined with the history of slow payment in the state, leaves rural districts searching for funds. Lack of funding leads to limited resources for teachers. Resources that directly relate to funding include access to high-speed internet, online learning programs, and advanced course offerings. These resources can enhance a student's learning opportunities, but may not be available to everyone if a district cannot afford to offer specific programs. One study found that school districts spend less efficiently in areas in which they face little or no competition from other public schools, in large districts, and in areas in which residents are poor or less educated. Some public schools are experimenting with recruiting teachers from developing countries in order to fill the teacher shortage, as U.S. citizens with college degrees are turning away from the demanding, low paid profession.

3216: 1744:(e.g., first grade) are used for identifying grades. Typical ages and grade groupings in contemporary, public, and private schools may be found through the U.S. Department of Education. Generally, there are three stages: elementary school (grades K/1–2/3/4/5/6), intermediate school (3/4–5/6), middle school / junior high school (grades 5/6/7–8/9), and high school / senior high school (grades 9/10–12). There is variability in the exact arrangement of grades, as the following table indicates. Note that many people may not choose to attain higher education immediately after high school graduation, so the age of completing each level of education may vary. The table below shows the traditional education path of a student completing an undergraduate degree immediately after high school. 1232:. The criteria were not mandatory, they were incentives to improve opportunities to get a grant. Most states revised their laws accordingly, even though they realized it was unlikely they would win a highly competitive new grant. Race to the Top had strong bipartisan support, with centrist elements from both parties. It was opposed by the left wing of the Democratic Party, and by the right wing of the Republican Party, and criticized for centralizing too much power in Washington. Complaints also came from middle-class families, who were annoyed at the increasing emphasis on teaching to the test, rather than encouraging teachers to show creativity and stimulating students' imagination. Voters in both major parties have been critical of the 3139:, a Supreme Court decision that found the state had failed to "amply" fund public education for Washington's 1 million school children. Washington state had budgeted $ 18.2 billion for education spending in the two-year fiscal period ending in July 2015. The state Supreme Court decided that this budget must be boosted by $ 3.3 billion in total by July 2019. On September 11, 2014, the state Supreme Court found the legislature in contempt for failing to uphold a court order to come up with a plan to boost its education budget by billions of dollars over the next five years. The state had argued that it had adequately funded education and said diverting tax revenue could lead to shortfalls in other public services. 2116:

Start program. Many community-based programs, commercial enterprises, non-profit organizations, faith communities, and independent childcare providers offer preschool education. Preschool may be general or may have a particular focus, such as arts education, religious education, sports training, or foreign language learning, along with providing general education. In the United States, Preschool programs are not required, but they are encouraged by educators. Only 69% of 4-year-old American children are enrolled in preschool. Preschool age ranges anywhere from 3 to 5 years old. The curriculum for the day will consist of music, art, pretend play, science, reading, math, and other social activities.

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secondary schools declined from 27.5 students per teacher and 65 students per nonteaching staff member in 1950 to 16.1 students per teacher and 16.1 students per nonteaching staff member in 2015 (with nonteaching staffing increasing by 709%), while teacher salaries declined by 2% in inflation-adjusted terms from 1992 to 2015. From 1976 to 2018, enrollment at post-secondary institutions increased by 78% and full-time faculty employed increased by 92%, while full-time administrators employed increased by 164% and other non-faculty staffing increased by 452%, and non-instructional spending increased by 48% from 2010 to 2018 while instructional spending increased by 17%.

681: 3978: 4091: 2778: 1316: 2911:. He states that the more money that a state spends on higher education, the slower the economy grows, the opposite of long-held notions. Other studies have shown that the level of cognitive achievement attained by students in a country (as measured by academic testing) is closely correlated with the country's economic growth, but that "increasing the average number of years of schooling attained by the labor force boosts the economy only when increased levels of school attainment also boost cognitive skills. In other words, it is not enough simply to spend more time in school; something has to be learned there." 1692:

had the lowest at $ 46,862. A significant number of teachers have to work extra hours or other jobs to make up for low pay, with nearly 17% of teachers having a job outside the school system in 2020–21. Public school teachers also work more than the required 39.4 hours a week, with an average of 52 hours worked per week, only 25.2 of which is spent on teaching. Additionally, teachers earn lower weekly wages and receive lower overall compensation for their work than similar college-educated peers, a phenomenon known as the "pay penalty." Federal legislation proposed in December 2022 and endorsed February 2023 by

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permanent Limited English Proficiency (LEP) status for many immigrant youths. LEP status serves as a nonacademic factor for student course enrollment, negatively affecting immigrant student learning opportunities by separating English-learning from other coursework. Focus on English literacy, and organizational constraints such as immigrant student population, may take away needed resources from challenging academic courses, such as math and science courses that are less English-dependent, thereby impeding LEP students' educational opportunities and post-secondary education preparation.

2891:, "One of the reasons American universities have thrived is due to their remarkable management of financial resources." To combat costs colleges have hired adjunct professors to teach. In 2008, these teachers cost about $ 1,800 per 3-credit class as opposed to $ 8,000 per class for a tenured professor. Two-thirds of college instructors were adjuncts. There are differences of opinion on whether these adjuncts teach better or worse than regular professors. There is a suspicion that student evaluation of adjuncts, along with their subsequent continued employment, can lead to 14370: 3029: 1530: 3021: 1332: 3893:

the teacher already expected them to know, it was not given the same importance compared to learning something that was being taught in that grade level, such as math proficiency or computer use. Things can become more difficult for students when entering in the middle of the academic year. A study focused on the impact of late arrivals for immigrant students found that, due to constant moving, students entering in the middle of the academic year encountered material they were not familiar with or ended up repeating material they had already learned.

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cheaper in terms of tuition, less competitive to get into, and not as prestigious as going to a four-year university, they form another post-secondary option for students seeking to enter the realm of American higher education. Community and junior colleges generally emphasize practical career-oriented education that is focused on a vocational curriculum. Though some community and junior colleges offer accredited bachelor's degree programs, community and junior colleges typically offer a college diploma or an associate degree such as an

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prices, although students can often qualify for state residency after their first year. Private schools are typically much higher, although prices vary widely from "no-frills" private schools to highly specialized technical institutes. Depending upon the type of school and program, annual graduate program tuition can vary from $ 15,000 to as high as $ 50,000. Note that these prices do not include living expenses (rent, room/board, etc.) or additional fees that schools add on such as "activities fees" or

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about sexual issues", while under 17% agreed with the statement that their children were being exposed to "subjects I don't think my child should be discussing". 10% believed that their children's sexual education class forced them to discuss sexual issues "too early". On the other hand, 49% of the respondents (the largest group) were "somewhat confident" that the values taught in their children's sex ed classes were similar to those taught at home, and 23% were less confident still. (The

4126: 639: 3470: 821:(GDP) than the average OECD country. In 2014, the country spent 6.2% of its GDP on all levels of education—1.0 percentage points above the OECD average of 5.2%. In 2018, primary and secondary per-pupil spending in the United States was 34 percent higher than the OECD average (ranking 5th of 36 countries reporting data), post-secondary per-pupil spending was double the OECD average (ranking 2nd), and the U.S. education sector consumed 6 percent of the U.S. GDP (ranking 6th). 2798: 1014:, (1856–1915), who was himself a freed slave. His movement spread, leading many other Southern states to establish small colleges for "Colored or Negro" students entitled "A. & M." ("Agricultural and Mechanical") or "A. & T." ("Agricultural and Technical"), some of which later developed into state universities. Before the 1940s, there were very few black students at private or state colleges in the North and almost none in the South. 1442:(NCES) for the U.S. Department of Education indicates that prekindergarten to grade 12 enrollment decreased from 50.8 million in fall 2019 to 49.4 million students in fall 2020, a 3% decrease, which matches 2009 enrollment, eradicating the previous decade of growth. During the 2019–2020 school year, enrollment rates decreased by 6% for those aged five, dropping from 91% to 84%, and by 13% for those aged three and four, from 54% to 40%. 1261:, requiring schools to implement technology and transition to virtual meetings. Although the use of technology improves the grading process and the quality of information received, critics assess it a poor substitute for in-person learning, and that online-only education disadvantages students without internet access, who disproportionately live in poor households, and that technology may make it harder for students to pay attention. 2345:

award solely bachelor's degrees. Some universities offer programs at all degree levels from the associate to the doctorate and are distinguished from community and junior colleges where the highest degree offered is the associate degree or a diploma. Though there is no prescribed definition of a university or college in the United States, universities are generally research-oriented institutions offering undergraduate, graduate, and

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most likely due to "generations of exclusionary housing, education, and economic policy", rather than anything an individual student could remedy on their own. These achievement gaps aren't a new concept. In 1991, the gap between the average scores of white students and those of black students was 0.91 standard deviations, while in 2020, the gap had decreased to 0.79 standard deviations.

779:, as the first tertiary degree, and graduate school. Higher education includes public research universities, private liberal arts colleges, historically black colleges and universities, community colleges, for-profit colleges, and many other kinds and combinations of institutions. College enrollment rates in the United States have increased over the long term. At the same time, 3956:" is the slavery and racism that made it extremely difficult for African-Americans to accumulate wealth for almost 100 years after slavery was abolished. A comparable history of discrimination created a similar gap between Hispanics and Whites. This results in many minority children being born into low socioeconomic backgrounds, which in turn affects educational opportunities. 3714:, an American education news website, the United States uses two methods to teach sex education. Comprehensive sex education focuses on sexual risk reduction. This method focuses on the benefits of contraception and safe sex. The abstinence-emphasized curriculum focuses on sexual risk avoidance, discouraging activity that could become a "gateway" to sexual activities. 3106:, 5 Cal.3d 584 (1971), were initially concerned with equity in funding, which was defined in terms of variations in spending across local school districts. More recently, state court cases have begun to consider what has been called 'adequacy.' These cases have questioned whether the total amount of spending was sufficient to meet state constitutional requirements. 1454:

suburban, or rural) in 12 states across the U.S. and was designed to represent the U.S. population as a whole. This government study showed that 21% to 23% of adult Americans were not "able to locate information in text", could not "make low-level inferences using printed materials", and were unable to "integrate easily identifiable pieces of information".

3900:'s education policy on children of migrants, where students under 7 years were enrolled in kindergarten and older students in first grade, found that even though older students placed in first-grade classrooms were more obedient, the students had trouble connecting with their classmates and teacher had to address them differently due to their age. 3511:(NAEP) has served as an educational barometer for the US since 1969 by administering standardized tests on a regular basis to random schools throughout the United States, efforts over the last decade at the state and federal levels have mandated annual standardized test administration for all public schools across the country. 1068:, only leaving exceptions for mentally or physically unfit children, exceeding a certain living distance from a public school, or having written consent from a county superintendent to receive private instruction. The law was passed by popular vote but was later ruled unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in 2321:, evaluation of student character (based on essays or interviews), and general discretion by the admissions office. While universities will rarely list that they require a certain standardized test score, class ranking, or GPA for admission, each university usually has a rough threshold below which admission is unlikely. 3052:, increased by 185%. The average funding by state governments increased by 120% per student. However, scores in mathematics, science, and language arts over that same period remained almost unchanged. Multi-year periods in which a state's funding per student declined substantially also appear to have had little effect. 3889:

student should be placed in, so they base their decision on the child's birthday. Unfortunately, teachers and staff are not always able to test the child's knowledge to determine what grade level would be better for the students based on what they already know. This can cause some difficulties for immigrant students.

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have been considered essential to educational goals. Library books are more readily available to Americans than to people in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Austria, and all the Mediterranean nations. The average American borrowed more library books in 2001 than his or her peers

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can cost $ 55–$ 70 and $ 52–$ 68 respectively. Many wealthier students voluntarily take the tests multiple time to see the best score they can get, and will submit "super-scores", or a score consisting of their best scores from each section. Students from low-income families cannot afford to take the

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taught by teachers with less experience. It is therefore common for students of color, those with disabilities, and those from low-income communities to have lower scores on academic tests. While these lower scores may accurately reflect the individual student's performance, the lower performance is

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A study conducted on teacher expectations of Somali Bantu refugee students found that teachers can hold expectations for students to already know certain material when they enter their classroom, such as how to use a computer or how to behave in a classroom. When these students learned something that

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Almost all students in the U.S. receive some form of sex education at least once between grades 7 and 12; many schools begin addressing some topics as early as grades 4 or 5. However, what students learn varies widely, because curriculum decisions are so decentralized. Many states have laws governing

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for lacking a basis in scientific evidence, citing studies that find that good readers look at all the letters in a word. According to J. Richard Gentry, teachers draw insufficient attention to spelling. Spelling is itself frequently taught in a confusing manner, such as with reading prompts that may

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There is debate over which subjects should receive the most focus, with astronomy and geography among those cited as not being taught enough in schools. A major criticism of American educational curricula is that it overemphasizes math and reading skills without providing the content knowledge needed

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Rural schools struggle with funding concerns. State funding sources often favor wealthier districts. The state establishes a minimum flat amount deemed "adequate" to educate a child based on equalized assessed value of property taxes. This favors wealthier districts with a much larger tax base. This,

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Property taxes as a primary source of funding for public education have become highly controversial, for a number of reasons. First, if a state's population and land values escalate rapidly, many longtime residents may find themselves paying property taxes much higher than anticipated. In response to

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Of students who were freshmen in 2005 seeking bachelor's degrees at public institutions, 32% took four years, 12% took five years, 6% took six years, and 43% did not graduate within six years. The numbers for private non-profit institutions were 52% in four, 10% in five, 4% in six, and 35% failing to

1737:, kindergarten, or first grade. Students normally attend 12 grades of study over 12 calendar years of primary/elementary and secondary education before graduating and earning a diploma that makes them eligible for admission to higher education. Education is mandatory until age 16 (18 in some states). 1666:

In the 2013 OECD Survey of Adult Skills, 33 nations took part with adults ages 16 to 65, surveying skills such as: numeracy, literacy, and problem-solving. The Educational Testing Service (ETS) found that millennials—aged from teens to early 30s—scored low. Millennials in Spain and Italy scored lower

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involving lengthy interviews of U.S. adults, the most comprehensive study of literacy ever commissioned by the U.S. government, was released in September 1993. It involved lengthy interviews of over 26,700 adults statistically balanced for age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and location (urban,

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grant program. With over $ 15 billion of grants at stake, 34 states quickly revised their education laws according to the proposals of advanced educational reformers. In the competition, points were awarded for allowing charter schools to multiply, for compensating teachers on a merit basis including

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made racial desegregation of public elementary and high schools mandatory, although white families often attempted to avoid desegregation by sending their children to private secular or religious schools. In the years following this decision, the number of Black teachers rose in the North but dropped

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College costs are rising at the same time that state appropriations for aid are shrinking. This has led to debate over funding at both the state and local levels. From 2002 to 2004 alone, tuition rates at public schools increased by over 14%, largely due to dwindling state funding. An increase of 6%

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Some colleges and universities became vulnerable to permanent closure during the pandemic. Universities and colleges were refunding tuition monies to students while investing in online technology and tools, making it harder to invest into empty campuses. Schools are defined as being in low financial

962:, Lutheran, and Jewish bodies on a smaller scale set up their own parochial schools. There were debates over whether tax money could be used to support them, with the answer typically being no. From about 1876, thirty-nine states passed a constitutional amendment to their state constitutions, called 910:

standards on every educational measure and gave weak support to its segregated all-black schools. However, northern philanthropy and northern churches provided assistance to private black colleges across the South. Religious denominations across the country set up their private colleges. States also

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passed more than 100 amendments to the curriculum standards, affecting history, sociology, and economics courses to 'add balance' given that academia was 'skewed too far to the left'. One specific result of these amendments is to increase education on Moses' influences on the founding of the United

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signing House Bill 322, legislation which additionally requires all students to use either male or female bathrooms in Alabama public schools based on their biological sex. Some states have had similar provisions to Florida's law since the 1980s, though they have never gained the name of "Don't Say

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However, according to a 2004 survey, a majority of the 1,001 parent groups polled wants complete sex education in schools. The American people are heavily divided over the issue. Over 80% of polled parents agreed with the statement "Sex education in school makes it easier for me to talk to my child

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reported statistics about public schools in the United States in 2013–2014. They stated that, during that time, 93% controlled access to their buildings during school hours, and that 88% have in place a written crisis response plan. They also reported that 82% of schools have a system that notifies

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While the hiring of teachers for public schools is done at the local school district level, the pension funds for teachers are usually managed at the state level. Some states have significant deficits when future requirements for teacher pensions are examined. In 2014, these were projected deficits

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The U.S. federal government exercises its control through its Department of Education. Though education is not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution, federal governments traditionally employ threats of decreased funding to enforce laws pertaining to education. Under recent administrations, initiatives

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The traditional path to American higher education is typically through a college or university, the most prestigious forms of higher education in the United States. Universities in the United States are institutions that issue bachelor's, master's, professional, or doctorate degrees; colleges often

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According to data from the National Teacher and Principal Survey, the average base salary for public school teachers in 2020–21 was $ 61,600, but this number varied significantly from state to state. Teachers in New York had the highest average base salary at $ 90,222, while teachers in Mississippi

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is a federally funded early childhood education program for low-income children and their families founded in 1965 that prepares children, especially those of a disadvantaged population, to better succeed in school. However, limited seats are available to students aspiring to take part in the Head

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2003, which emphasizes problem-solving, American 15-year-olds ranked 24th of 38 in mathematics, 19th of 38 in science, 12th of 38 in reading, and 26th of 38 in problem-solving. In the 2006 assessment, the U.S. ranked 35th out of 57 in mathematics and 29th out of 57 in science. Reading scores could

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Teachers have been frustrated with the lack of parent involvement in the learning process, particularly in the earlier grades. Children spend about 26% of their time in school, sleep 37%, leaving about 37% of their time left over. Teachers believe that parents are not supervising their children's

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Students in low-income communities oftentimes do not have the same resources for test prep that their peers from more affluent backgrounds do. This discrepancy in resources available causes there to be a significant difference in the scores of students from different racial backgrounds. One study

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Curricula in the United States can vary widely from district to district. Different schools offer classes centering on different topics, and vary in quality. Some private schools even include religious classes as mandatory for attendance. This raises the question of government funding vouchers in

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During the 2015–16 school year in the United States, the National Center for Education Statistics reported the following: 9% of schools reported that one or more students had threatened a physical attack with a weapon. 95% of schools had given their students lockdown procedure drills, and 92% had

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and junior colleges in the country. In 2008, 36% of enrolled students graduated from college in four years. 57% completed their undergraduate requirements in six years, at the same college they first enrolled in. The U.S. ranks 10th among industrial countries for percentage of adults with college

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Gradually by the late 1890s, regional associations of high schools, colleges and universities were being organized to coordinate proper accrediting standards, examinations, and regular surveys of various institutions in order to assure equal treatment in graduation and admissions requirements, as

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The racial achievement gap in the U.S. refers to the educational disparities between Black and Hispanic students compared with Asian and Caucasian students. This disparity manifests itself in a variety of ways: African-American and Hispanic students are more likely to receive lower grades, score

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The method of placing students in a specific grade based on birthday cut-off dates has often been used with immigrant children. A study conducted by Dylan Conger on the effects of grade placement on English learners found that schools are often rushed to make a decision on what grade an incoming

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There are over 7,000 post-secondary institutions in the United States offering a diverse number of programs catered to students with different aptitudes, skills, and educational needs. Compared with the higher education systems of other countries, post-secondary education in the United States is

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of the U.S. population is similar to that of many other industrialized countries with the vast majority of the population having completed secondary education and a rising number of college graduates that outnumber high school dropouts. As a whole, the population of the United States is becoming

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on schools and provide insight into the educational outcomes of schools in each state. While supportive of educational improvement, the office lacked the power to enforce policies in any state. Educational aims across the states in the nineteenth century were broad, making it difficult to create

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has been proposed to cope with this criticism by statistically controlling for innate ability and out-of-school contextual factors. In a value-added system of interpreting test scores, analysts estimate an expected score for each student, based on factors such as the student's own previous test

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Since the 1980s, the number of educated Americans has continued to grow, but at a slower rate. Some have attributed this to an increase in the foreign-born portion of the workforce. However, the decreasing growth of the educational workforce has instead been primarily due to the slowing down in

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While data supports the theory that English-language (EL) literacy interventions are beneficial for students of all grade levels and socioeconomic status, including disadvantaged immigrant students, poor implementation of EL instruction has contributed to downward assimilation and long-term or

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in 1978, which severely restricted the ability of the Legislature to expand the state's educational system to keep up with growth. Some states, such as Michigan, have investigated or implemented alternative schemes for funding education that may sidestep the problems of funding based mainly on

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From the U.S. Census Bureau, the median salary of an individual who has only a high school diploma is $ 27,967; the median salary of an individual who has a bachelor's degree is $ 47,345. Certain degrees, such as in engineering, typically result in salaries far exceeding high school graduates,

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Annual undergraduate tuition varies widely from state to state, and many additional fees apply. In 2009, the average annual tuition at a public university for residents of the state was $ 7,020. Tuition for public school students from outside the state is generally comparable to private school

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in the United States are public comprehensive institutions that offer a wide range of educational services that generally lasts two years. Community colleges are generally publicly funded (usually by local cities or counties) and offer career certifications and part-time programs. Though it is

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reports that 25% of US graduating high school seniors meet college-readiness benchmarks in English, reading, mathematics, and science. Including the 22% of students who do not graduate on time, fewer than 20% of the American youth, who should graduate high school each year, do so prepared for

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Narrowing the gap between white students and black and Hispanic students would have added another 2–4% GDP, while closing the gap between poor and other students would have yielded a 3–5% increase in GDP, and that of under-performing states and the rest of the nation another 3–5% GDP. In sum,

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From 1960 through 2017, per-pupil spending in public kindergartens, primary schools, and secondary schools increased in inflation-adjusted terms from $ 3,793 to $ 14,439. From 1950 through 2015, student-teacher and student-nonteaching staff ratios in public kindergartens, primary schools, and

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In some states, textbooks are selected for all students at the state level, and decisions made by larger states, such as California and Texas, that represent a considerable market for textbook publishers and can exert influence over the content of textbooks generally, thereby influencing the

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Along with administering and scoring the annual standardized tests, in some cases the teachers are being scored on how well their own students perform on the tests. Teachers are under pressure to continuously raise scores to prove they are worthy of keeping their jobs. This approach has been

3160:'s Education Clause was "clearly, palpably, and plainly violated because of a failure to provide all students with access to a comprehensive, effective, and contemporary system of public education that will give them a meaningful opportunity to succeed academically, socially, and civically." 1541:

According to research over the past 20 years, girls generally outperform boys in the classroom on measures of grades across all subjects and graduation rates. This is a turnaround from the early 20th century when boys usually outperformed girls. Boys have still been found to score higher on

4039:(everyone takes the same test under reasonably equal circumstances, and gets scored the same way) for college admissions is a controversial topic. These tests can create unequal opportunities for students based on their economic status, race, and ability status. For example, students with 848:

currently ranks the overall knowledge and skills of American 15-year-olds as 19th in the world in reading literacy, mathematics, and science with the average American student scoring 495, compared with the OECD Average of 488. In 2017, 46.4% of Americans aged 25 to 64 attained some form of

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this number more than doubled to approximately 1.36 million. The Institute for Child Poverty and Homelessness keeps track of state by state levels of child homelessness. As of 2017, 27% of U.S. students live in a mother-only household, 20% live in poverty, and 9% are non-English speaking.

3641:, a standardized university entrance exam, has been reformed to better reflect the contents of the Common Core. As of 2023, twenty-seven states require students to pass three math courses before graduation from high school, and seventeen states and the District of Columbia require four. 1652:

In 2007, Americans stood second only to Canadians in the percentage of 35 to 64-year-olds holding at least two-year degrees. Among 25 to 34-year-olds, the country stands tenth. The nation stands 15 out of 29 rated nations for college completion rates, slightly above Mexico and Turkey.

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McKinsey and Company, "The Economic Impact of the Achievement Gap on America's Schools." April 2009. Forty years ago, the US led the world in high school graduation rates; now it is 18th out of 24 industrial nations. In 1995, the US was tied for first in college graduation; it now is

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A few charity institutions cover all of the students' tuition, although scholarships (both merit-based and need-based) are widely available. Generally, private universities charge much higher tuition than their public counterparts, which rely on state funds to make up the difference.

4027:(SPP) is the disproportionate tendency of minors and young adults from disadvantaged backgrounds to become incarcerated, because of increasingly harsh school and municipal policies which mirror law enforcement methods. This inhibits many of these young adults from going to college. 2600:). While most private institutions are non-profit, a growing number in the past decade have been established as for-profit. The American university curriculum varies widely depending on the program and institution. Typically, an undergraduate student will be able to select an 1303:, showing that "the pandemic is widening educational inequality and that the learning gaps created by the crisis will persist." As of result, COVID-19 educational impact in the United States has ended by March 11, 2022, as Deltacron cases fall and ahead of the living with an 3496:

states with anti-Catholic Blaine Amendments in their constitution. This in turn has produced camps of argument over the standardization of curricula and to what degree it should exist. These same groups often are advocates of standardized testing, which was mandated by the

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Enrollment in post-secondary institutions in the United States declined from 18.1 million in 2010 to 15.4 million in 2021, while enrollment in public kindergartens, primary schools, and secondary schools declined by 4% from 2012 to 2022 and enrollment in private schools or

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Online education is an imperfect substitute for in-person learning, particularly for children from low-income families. Peer effects also change: schools allow children from different socio-economic backgrounds to mix together, and this effect is lost when schools are

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of 99% of the population over age 15, while ranking below average in science and mathematics understanding compared to other developed countries. In 2014, a record high of 82% of high school seniors graduated, although one of the reasons for that success might be a

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requirements to gain entry to any American university requires a meeting a certain age threshold, high school transcript documenting grades, coursework, and rigor of core high school subject areas as well as performance in AP and IB courses, class ranking, ACT or

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Some undergraduate institutions offer an accelerated three-year bachelor's degree, or a combined five-year bachelor's and master's degrees. Many times, these accelerated degrees are offered online or as evening courses and are targeted mainly but not always for

3637:, passing rigorous high-school mathematics courses predicts successful completion of university programs regardless of major or family income. Starting in 2010, mathematics curricula across the country have moved into closer agreement for each grade level. The 3522:

Uncritical use of standardized test scores to evaluate teacher and school performance is inappropriate, because the students' scores are influenced by three things: what students learn in school, what students learn outside of school, and the students' innate

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is legal in its public schools. Although the practice has been banned in an increasing number of states beginning in the 1970s, in 2024 only 33 out of 50 states have this ban and the remaining 17 states do not. The punishment virtually always consists of

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of 2001, passed by a bipartisan coalition in Congress, provided federal aid to the states in exchange for measures to penalize schools that were not meeting the goals as measured by standardized state exams in mathematics and language skills. This made

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reports that socioeconomic factors do not directly impact a student's performance, it can indirectly impact it through the course of access to prep courses and better schooling – experiences outside the test itself that can heavily affect test scores.

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when it comes to annual spending per student on its public schools, with each of those two countries spending more than $ 11,000. However, the United States is ranked 37th in the world in education spending as a percentage of gross domestic product.

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Many undergraduate college programs now commonly are five-year programs. This is especially common in technical fields, such as engineering. The five-year period often includes one or more periods of internship with an employer in the chosen field.

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through graduate schools. Of these, 72% aged 12 to 17 were considered academically "on track" for their age, i.e. enrolled in at or above grade level. Of those enrolled in elementary and secondary schools, 5.7 million (10%) were attending private

3047:

Changes in funding appear to have little effect on a school system's performance. Between 1970 and 2012, the full amount spent by all levels of government on the K–12 education of an individual public school student graduating in any given year,

3419:

drilled them on evacuation procedures. Around 20% of schools had one or more security guards or security personnel while 10.9% had one or more full or part-time law enforcement officers. 42% of schools had at least one school resource officer.

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found that 59% of white students and 80% of Asian test takers are deemed "college ready" by the SAT standards in comparison to the under 25% of Black students and under 33% of Hispanic/Latino students who are deemed "college ready". While the

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The 2003 National Adult Literacy Survey indicated that 70% of inmates in American prisons cannot read above a fourth grade level, which notes a "link between academic failure and delinquency, violence and crime is welded to reading failure."

3433:, ostensibly "for the protection of children". The technology is claimed by its proponents to be useful in detecting people falling on the threat list for sex offenses, suspension from school, and so on. However, human rights advocacy group, 2134:

Free public education is typically provided from Kindergarten (ages 5 and 6) to 12th Grade (ages 17 and 18). Around 85% of students enter public schooling while the remainder are educated through homeschooling or privately funded schools.

1146:. The 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities. The 1983 14491: 9576: 3518:

Schools that score poorly wind up being slated for closure or downsizing, which gives direct influence on the administration to result to dangerous tactics such as intimidation, cheating and drilling of information to raise scores.

950:

was established. In the South and the West, however, newly formed common school systems had different needs and priorities. Competing interests among state legislators limited the ability of the Office of Education to enact change.

4047:, or who did not sleep well due to noisy, overcrowded housing, often do not score as well as students who are healthy, well-nourished, and well-rested. Students in under-funded, low-income schools often have the disadvantage of 3553:

Reading skills are typically taught using a three cues system based on identifying meaning, sentence structure, and visual information such as the first letter in a word. This method has been criticized by psychologists such as

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for various states: Illinois -$ 187 billion, Connecticut -$ 57 billion, Kentucky -$ 41 billion, Hawaii -$ 16.5 billion, and Louisiana -$ 45.6 billion. These deficits range from 184% to 318% of these states' annual total budget.

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He said he also wanted to make the test reflect more closely what students did in high school and, perhaps most important, rein in the intense coaching and tutoring on how to take the test that often gave affluent students an

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Although extremely rare relative to the overall U.S. student population, more than 167,000 students were paddled in the 2011–2012 school year in American public schools. Virtually all paddling in public schools occurs in the

1511:. Over 200 colleges place most of their first-year students in one or more remedial courses. Almost 40% of students in remedial courses fail to complete them. The cause cannot be excessively demanding college courses, since 1156:, touched off a wave of federal, state, and local reform efforts, but by 1990 the country still spent only 2% of its budget on education, compared with 30% on support for the elderly. In 1990, the EHA was replaced with the 10850: 738:

Private schools are free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.

3189:(FFELP). Some schools accept only FFELP loans; others accept only FDSLP. Still others accept both, and a few schools will not accept either, in which case students must seek out private alternatives for student loans. 849:

post-secondary education. 48% of Americans aged 25 to 34 attained some form of tertiary education, about 4% above the OECD average of 44%. 35% of Americans aged 25 and over have achieved a bachelor's degree or higher.

1397:. In addition, the ratio of college-educated adults entering the workforce to the general population (33%) is slightly below the mean of other developed countries (35%) and rate of participation of the labor force in 5266:

Spooner, F. (2014). Serving students with healthcare needs. In M. Agran (Ed.), Equity and full participation for individuals with severe disabilities: A vision for the future (p. 239). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes

10676:. Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Foundation for Economic Education, 1993. iv, 203 p. N.B.: Sennholz is not clearly identified as the editor of this collection of essays on the subject, but his editorship seems probable. 8582: 9301: 8876: 6280: 14471: 7612: 2130:

The U.S. is governed by federal, state, and local education policy. Education is compulsory for all children, but the age at which one can discontinue schooling varies by state and is from 14 to 18 years old.

3967:. Other scholars, meanwhile, have long and continuously argued against this myth of the black family, pointing instead to class and race-based oppressions along social and economic lines, as discussed below. 3064:

One of the biggest debates in funding public schools is funding by local taxes or state taxes. The federal government supplies around 8.5% of the public school system funds, according to a 2005 report by the

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them to a four-year university afterward. Many community colleges have relationships with four-year state universities and colleges or even private universities that enable some community college students to

5000: 1445:

Summer 2022 polls and surveys revealed that mental health issues were reported by 60% of college students, with educational institutions being understaffed and unprepared to effectively address the crisis.

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of 2009 included $ 100 billion for public schools, which every state used to protect its education budget. In terms of sponsoring innovation; however, then-President Obama and then-Education Secretary

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The reliance on local funding sources has led to a long history of court challenges about how states fund their schools. These challenges have relied on interpretations of state constitutions after a

1072:, determining that "a child is not a mere creature of the state". This case settled the dispute about whether or not private schools had the right to do business and educate within the United States. 2313:

scores, extracurricular activities, an admissions essay, and letters of recommendation from teachers and guidance counselors. Other admissions criteria may include an interview, personal background,

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from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. In 2010, 84 children were being educated in this manner.

1053:

resulted in a rapid increase in public high school enrollment and graduations. By 1930, 100% of children were attending school, excluding children with significant disabilities or medical concerns.

8207: 3974:, lower quality of schools and teachers in minority communities, and civil injustice. Most authors mention several such factors as influential on outcomes, both in the United States and worldwide. 3219:

College attendance in the U.S. by race and schools' overall admission rates as of 2021 shown by comparative areas of upper four pie charts; elite schools make up a small fraction of all enrollment.

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and Alfred Lindseth. That analysis concludes that funding differences are not closely related to student outcomes and thus that the outcomes of the court cases have not led to improved policies.

3044:

Government figures exist for education spending in the United States per student, and by state. They show a very wide range of expenditures and a steady increase in per-pupil funding since 2011.

3113:, although in the end, test scores in the district did not rise; the racial achievement gap did not diminish; and there was less, not more, integration. Perhaps the most famous adequacy case is 11670: 5118: 4043:

may not, through no fault of their own, read the test material as quickly or easily as students without dyslexia. Similarly, impoverished students who are hungry when they take the test due to

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over an age range starting between five and eight and ending somewhere between ages sixteen and nineteen, depending on the state. This requirement can be satisfied in public or state-certified

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found that 50% to 95% of American students admitted to having cheated in high school or college at one time or another, results that cast some doubt on measured academic attainment tests.

1670:

In 2014, the United States was one of three OECD countries where the government spent more on schools in rich neighborhoods than in poor neighborhoods, the others being Turkey and Israel.

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college. The United States has fallen behind the rest of the developed world in education, creating a global achievement gap that alone costs the nation 9–16% of potential GDP each year.

3148: 1627: 3896:

There is still limited research that has been conducted in the United States on the effects of placing immigrant students in a specific grade based on birthday cut-off dates. A study on

12882: 1269:. About half of this money was dispersed amongst the student body. Colby-Swayer College was also capable of receiving a loan of $ 2.65 million, to avoid layoffs of their 312 employees. 6239: 3117:, 100 N.J. 269, 495 A.2d 376 (1985), which has involved state court supervision over several decades and has led to some of the highest spending of any U.S. districts in the so-called 2066:

Many graduate students do not start professional schools immediately after finishing undergraduate studies but work for a time while saving up money or deciding on a career direction.

742:

As of 2013, about 87% of school-age children attended state-funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition and foundation-funded private schools, and roughly 3% were home-schooled.

9908:

Adesope, Olusola O.; Lavin, Tracy; Thompson, Terri; Ungerleider, Charles (January 6, 2011). "Pedagogical strategies for teaching literacy to ESL immigrant students: A meta-analysis".

3402:, however, with 70% of paddled students living in just five states: Mississippi, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, and Georgia. The practice has been on a steady decline in American schools. 999:, states were more likely to adopt compulsory education laws during the Age of Mass Migration (1850–1914) if they hosted more European immigrants with lower exposure to civic values. 14466: 1371:

graduates is greater than $ 51,000, exceeding the national average of those without a high school diploma by more than $ 23,000, according to a 2005 study by the U.S. Census Bureau.

10232: 1431: 1258: 10888:

Gatto, John Taylor. The Underground History of American Education: An Intimate Investigation into the Prison of Modern Schooling. Oxford Village Press, 2001, 412 pp. online version

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As of 2000, some 9.7 million children aged 5 to 17 primarily speak a language other than English at home. Of those, about 1.3 million children do not speak English well or at all.

3532:

scores, primary language, or socioeconomic status. The difference between the student's expected score and actual score is presumed to be due primarily to the teacher's efforts.

2820:

The mean annual total cost, including all costs associated with a full-time post-secondary schooling, such as tuition and fees, books and supplies, room and board, as reported by

2300:

of students obtained undergraduate degrees by age 24 in 2013, up from 40% in 1970. 9% of the least affluent quartile obtained degrees by the same age in 2013, up from 6% in 1970.

8748: 1424:, 41% of U.S. children under the age of 18 come from lower-income families. These students require specialized attention to perform well in school and on the standardized tests. 7154: 786:

The large majority of the world's top universities, as listed by various ranking organizations, are in the United States, including 19 of the top 25, and the most prestigious –

14519: 12755: 3500:. The goal of No Child Left Behind was to improve the education system in the United States by holding schools and teachers accountable for student achievement, including the 2091:

Early childhood teaching in the U.S. relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight. The education services are delivered via

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or break. Children customarily advance together from one grade to the next as a single cohort or "class" upon reaching the end of each school year in late May or early June.

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Current education trends in the United States represent multiple achievement gaps across ethnicities, income levels, and geography. In an economic analysis, consulting firm

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Schooling is divided into primary education, called elementary school, and secondary education. Secondary education consists of two "phases" in most areas, which includes a

616: 220: 9364: 8594: 14539: 14524: 14514: 14461: 11111: 10643: 6488: 1674: 4349: 2873:

topped $ 1.5 trillion. More than 40 million people hold college debt, which is largely owned by the U.S. government and serviced by private, for-profit companies such as

2847:

occurred over the same period for private schools. Between 1982 and 2007, college tuition and fees rose three times as fast as median family income, in constant dollars.

14486: 12472: 8095: 525: 9293: 9071: 6953:

National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). "No Time to Lose, How to Build a World-Class Education System State by State." NCSL, Aug. 2016. Web. 07 Oct 2016. <

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Anthony, Amanda (2014). A Review of the U.S. Higher Education System: Its Structure, Funding, Quality and the Future (Report). United States Census Bureau. p. 3.

7172:

National Center for Education Statistics. "Nontraditional Undergraduates", Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. (p. 2) Accessed June 17, 2013

3347: 7895: 7616: 6745: 1850: 14446: 12572: 11912: 11782: 9148: 5592: 1427:

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that the United States is achieving 77.8% of what should be possible on the right to education at its level of income.

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and their children being greatly overrepresented at elite institutions, at the expense of the historic African American community made up of descendants of slaves.

1885: 9787:

Tran, Nellie; Birman, Dina (December 24, 2017). "Acculturation and Assimilation: A Qualitative Inquiry of Teacher Expectations for Somali Bantu Refugee Students".

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reports that closing the educational achievement gap between the United States and nations such as Finland and Korea would have increased US GDP by 9–16% in 2008.

2414:

Among the United States' most prominent and world-renowned institutions are large research universities that are ranked in such annual publications, including the

2376:

colleges or universities. Private institutions are privately funded and there is a wide variety in size, focus, and operation. Some private institutions are large

224: 10286: 6056: 3515:

criticized because there are so many external factors, such as domestic violence, hunger, and homelessness among students, that affect how well students perform.

3156:

had created "manifest deficiencies" between high-wealth and low-wealth school districts with "no rational basis" for the funding gaps. The ruling stated that the

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skills. Statistics were similar in 2013. In 2015, only 37% of students were able to read at a proficient level, a level which has barely changed since the 1990s.

13162: 12042: 10793: 7970: 2966:

that exercise control over a school district. Some school districts may further delegate significant authority to principals, such as those who have adopted the

7486: 4766: 723:

public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges, and universities. The bulk of the $ 1.3 trillion in funding comes from

14406: 13921: 12649: 12417: 12251: 11907: 7057: 4902: 4606: 4160: 9245: 4819: 993:

specializing in agriculture and engineering. By 1870, every state had free elementary schools, albeit only in urban centers. According to a 2018 study in the

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free time to encourage the learning process, such as basic literacy, which is crucial not only to later success in life but also to keep them out of prison.

1667:

than those in the U.S., while in numeracy, the three countries tied for last. U.S. millennials came in last among all 33 nations for problem-solving skills.

1657: 498: 296: 1093:

to qualified low-income students through subsidies to schools based on the idea that a "full stomach" during the day supports class attention and studying.

13994: 12273: 9271: 4170: 4008:. Thus, while the population of the U.S. is becoming increasingly educated on all levels, a direct link between income and educational attainment remains. 3095: 8199: 6967: 2746:, although some community colleges offer a limited number of bachelor's degrees. Community and junior colleges also offer trade school certifications for 2296:

degrees. Over the past 40 years the gap in graduation rates for wealthy students and low-income students has widened significantly. 77% of the wealthiest

1082:, enrollment in high schools and colleges plummeted as many high school and college students and teachers dropped out to enlist or take war-related jobs. 14082: 13916: 12310: 10803: 6461: 4175: 574: 520: 382: 17: 9457: 7232: 1534: 12850: 12708: 7129: 6149:, U.S. Department of Education, 2003. Accessed May 13, 2006. 2% of the population do not have minimal literacy and 14% have Below Basic prose literacy. 5744: 5615: 3687:, implications of teenage pregnancy, and how to resist peer pressure. Other studied topics, such as methods of birth control and infection prevention, 564: 229: 10318: 7679: 5122: 5077: 4432: 4280: 14807: 12412: 12199: 10343:

U.S. Department of Education, "Public School Graduates and Dropouts from the Common Core Data: School Year 2009–10" (provisional data). January 2013.

7759: 6489:"Report: Historic Decline in U.S. Public School Enrollment From Fall 2019 to Fall 2020; Dropout Rates Fell Since 2010 Among Hispanic, Black Students" 2409: 1641:

not be reported due to printing errors in the instructions of the U.S. test booklets. U.S. scores were behind those of most other developed nations.

1524: 1075:

By 1938, there was a movement to bring education to six years of elementary school, four years of junior high school, and four years of high school.

473: 9394: 4722: 3061:

property taxes by providing funding based on sales or income tax. These schemes also have failings, negatively impacting funding in a slow economy.

12904: 12877: 12194: 11104: 9871: 9417: 9323: 5967: 3668:

what is taught in sex education classes or allowing parents to opt out. Some state laws leave curriculum decisions to individual school districts.

2585: 2416: 2405: 552: 7569: 7521: 6081: 14877: 13252: 13212: 11548: 6514: 5359: 3374: 3364: 1785: 667: 505: 401: 390: 9598: 4253: 1507:

Despite high school graduates formally qualifying for college, only 4% of two-year and four-year colleges do not have any students in noncredit

15587: 13060: 11978: 11465: 6995: 4180: 3723: 3177:

At the college and university level student loan funding is split in half; half is managed by the Department of Education directly, called the

2593: 2086: 1637: 1205: 1147: 841: 598: 9520: 7461: 4190: 15332: 14501: 14334: 13869: 13274: 12510: 11717: 11432: 8941: 8808: 5304: 2685: 2466: 10530: 9659: 8386: 7869: 7301: 3997:

McKinsey's report suggests, "These educational gaps impose on the United States the economic equivalent of a permanent national recession."

2817:. These fees, especially room and board, can range from $ 6,000 to $ 12,000 per academic year (assuming a single student without children). 1663:

In 2012, the OECD ranked American students 25th in math, 17th in science, and 14th in reading compared with students in 27 other countries.

1204:

of 2007–2009 was caused a sharp decline in tax revenues in all American states and cities. The response included cuts to education budgets.

745:

Total expenditures for American public elementary and secondary schools amounted to $ 927 billion in 2020–21 (in constant 2021–22 dollars).

12892: 12489: 12305: 12246: 11829: 11787: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 8632: 2950:

governments share power over public education, with the states exercising most of the control. Except for Hawaii, states delegate power to

2908: 2569: 1186: 1017:

Responding to the many competing academic philosophies being promoted at the time, an influential working group of educators, known as the

406: 330: 10461: 5042: 4400: 1723:. Most children enter the public education system around the ages of five or six. Children are assigned into year groups known as grades. 1420:

An additional factor in the United States education system is the socioeconomic background of the students being tested. According to the

14016: 13859: 13754: 13499: 13237: 12357: 12268: 12010: 11995: 11877: 11097: 10536:(Report). Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.10.15. Center for Studies in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley. 9542: 8794: 8408: 7211:"Age range for compulsory school attendance and special education services, and policies on year-round schools and kindergarten programs" 7023: 5495: 4195: 3933: 3924: 3913: 3541:

to understand the texts used to teach the latter. Poor students are more likely to lack said content knowledge, which contributes to the

3508: 2215: 1470: 1157: 463: 453: 396: 8712: 5759: 5373:

Nordin, Virginia Davis; Turner, William Lloyd (1980). "More than Segregation Academies: The Growing Protestant Fundamentalist Schools".

4106:

in Germany, Austria, Norway, Ireland, Luxembourg, France, and throughout the Mediterranean. Americans buy more books than Europeans do.

4000:

The households and demographics featuring the highest educational attainment in the United States are also among those with the highest

801:

In 2010, the United States had a higher combined per-pupil spending for primary, secondary, and post-secondary education than any other

13842: 13357: 13352: 13342: 12715: 12444: 11692: 8737: 6357: 6215: 5885: 5726: 4541:

Age range for compulsory school attendance and special education services, and policies on year-round schools and kindergarten programs

3628: 2924: 2877:. Student loan debt has reached levels that have affected US society, reducing opportunities for millions of people following college. 2505: 2381: 1128: 431: 340: 15442: 8556: 8434: 7158: 4958: 1450: 1405:

concluded that "A slightly higher proportion of American adults qualify as scientifically literate than European or Japanese adults".

14752: 14496: 14011: 13954: 13847: 13676: 13118: 11621: 11422: 8146: 7376: 6797: 4580: 2725: 1693: 937:

was created in an attempt to standardize educational reform across the country. At the outset, the goals of the Office were to track

858: 795: 510: 488: 350: 234: 9487: 9036: 7896:"A tax increase for Michigan school funding is possible only if school districts cut costs, says Flint Journal columnist Peter Luke" 5993: 2907:

for the admission of so many unqualified students into college. He reports that the number of new jobs requiring college degrees is

14179: 14164: 14058: 13854: 13347: 12835: 12775: 12335: 11990: 11882: 11732: 11056: 9079: 8685: 6905: 4743: 4454: 3729: 3411: 3215: 3066: 2755: 2709: 2070: 1488: 1439: 606: 557: 8069: 6019: 5838: 15582: 14411: 13964: 13937: 13896: 13891: 13864: 13794: 13681: 13477: 13284: 12872: 12696: 12594: 12226: 9830:

Allard, Elaine C. (October 24, 2016). "Latecomers: The Sources and Impacts of Late Arrival Among Adolescent Immigrant Students".

9356: 8347: 7903: 6362: 4847:

Back to the Staffing Surge: The Great Teacher Salary Stagnation and the Decades-Long Employment Growth in American Public Schools

4165: 3327: 3210: 2943: 2730: 2305: 1421: 732: 720: 547: 493: 335: 191: 10479: 8459: 7261: 6850: 4929: 4553: 895:(reading, writing, and arithmetic) and also history and geography. Public education was at the elementary level in most places. 15302: 14065: 13774: 13457: 13362: 13192: 13140: 13101: 12668: 12663: 12517: 12454: 12407: 12385: 12350: 12005: 11861: 10056:

Singham, Mano. 2005. The Achievement Gap in U.S. Education: Canaries in the Mine. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Education.

9704: 5101: 4635:"Best Countries for Education: North American and European countries are seen as offering the best opportunities for education" 4493: 3660: 2947: 2440: 1247: 1229: 1105: 757: 724: 712: 602: 530: 313: 10825: 8369:"Crime, Violence, Discipline, and Safety in U.S. Public Schools: Findings From the School Survey on Crime and Safety: 2015–16" 4975: 4793:"Total and current expenditures per pupil in public elementary and secondary schools: Selected years, 1919-20 through 2016-17" 4353: 4224: 15592: 15512: 14573: 13881: 13769: 13639: 13543: 13452: 13376: 12921: 12887: 11902: 11892: 11887: 11745: 11740: 11604: 11569: 10924: 10765: 10737: 10710: 10433: 10267: 10242: 9019: 6669: 4320:. National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. pp. iii, 10. 4001: 3634: 3606: 3501: 3484: 3260: 3186: 3181:(FDSLP). The other half is managed by commercial entities such as banks, credit unions, and financial services firms such as 2920: 2541: 2498: 2353: 2280: 2155: 1979: 1492: 1266: 1160:(IDEA), which placed more focus on students as individuals, and also provided for more post-high school transition services. 1116:, provided funds for primary and secondary education ('Title I funding'). Title VI explicitly forbade the establishment of a 772: 728: 610: 458: 360: 259: 249: 10548:"Education Commissioner Highlights Importance of Libraries – Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education" 7988: 7785: 7089: 14992: 14077: 13974: 13911: 13901: 13784: 13575: 13538: 13467: 13299: 13264: 12815: 12545: 12278: 12049: 12000: 11973: 11897: 11856: 10887: 10228: 10087: 9636: 4876: 4044: 3542: 2772: 1611: 1413: 830: 515: 448: 377: 323: 301: 291: 9159: 8237: 7959: 7661: 5600: 5250:

College in Black and White: African American students in predominantly White and in historically Black public universities

5232: 5146:"From Civic Imperative to Bird's-Eye View: Renegotiating the Idioms of Education Governance during the Reconstruction Era" 3944:

Several reasons have been suggested for these disparities. One explanation is the disparity in income that exists between

1457:

The U.S. Department of Education's 2003 statistics indicated that 14% of the population—or 32 million adults—had very low

14827: 14697: 14254: 14033: 14021: 13959: 13716: 13207: 13106: 12703: 12362: 12258: 12142: 8118: 5812: 3178: 2763:

to these universities to pursue a bachelor's degree after the completion of a two-year program at the community college.

2677: 2125: 919: 888: 771:

Numerous publicly and privately administered colleges and universities offer a wide variety of post-secondary education.

660: 535: 318: 281: 10782:.: Philosophical and practical reflections on education, teaching, educational psychology, and the training of teachers. 7282: 6715: 15322: 14324: 14006: 13947: 13832: 13827: 13764: 13526: 13487: 13447: 13294: 13247: 13227: 12840: 12467: 12462: 12367: 12315: 11844: 11599: 11458: 10293: 10208: 8049: 6732:

A high school diploma, no matter how recently earned, doesn't guarantee that students are prepared for college courses.

6529: 6049: 5535: 3650: 3143: 2870: 2337: 1240: 1220:

There were incentives for states to establish college and career-ready standards, which in practice meant adopting the

1178: 780: 708: 436: 345: 286: 11080:– Contains indicators and information about the United States and how it compares to other OECD and non-OECD countries 8766: 7811: 4321: 2620:, which are graduate and professional institutions typically attached to a university. Graduate degrees may be either 1434:, over one million eligible children were not enrolled in kindergarten for the 2021–2022 school year. The 2022 annual 15132: 14426: 14048: 14028: 13979: 13969: 13837: 13759: 13736: 13696: 13560: 13550: 13427: 13402: 13309: 13289: 12767: 12557: 12283: 11665: 11180: 10908: 8331: 7493: 7439: 6818: 5562: 3964: 3091: 2641: 1484: 1409: 1375: 947: 934: 9232: 8295: 8087: 7350: 6530:"Crisis on campus: 60% of college kids are living with mental health disorders, and schools are woefully unprepared" 15477: 14617: 14344: 14189: 14053: 13999: 13984: 13886: 13721: 13197: 13150: 13145: 13047: 12974: 12674: 12439: 11968: 11404: 9741:

Conger, Dylan (December 2013). "The Effect of Grade Placement on English Language Learners' Academic Achievement".

5656:

McGuinn, Patrick (2012). "Stimulating reform: Race to the Top, competitive grants and the Obama education agenda".

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States, going as far as calling him a "founding father". A critical review of the twelve most widely used American

3069:. The remaining split between state and local governments averages 48.7% from states and 42.8% from local sources. 2705: 2165: 2143: 1583: 1542:

standardized tests than girls and go on to be better represented in the more prestigious, high-paying STEM fields.

1034: 959: 765: 569: 254: 244: 8172: 6111: 5913: 4697: 2039:

before the first year of college, for travel, work, public service, or independent learning. Some might opt for a

15517: 14802: 14416: 14087: 13876: 13817: 13726: 13617: 13592: 13089: 13079: 12644: 12562: 12500: 12484: 12330: 12325: 12089: 12069: 12059: 12054: 11365: 6565: 6236: 5777: 2681: 2557: 2533: 2486: 1061: 306: 239: 11083: 7259:

Degree-Granting Institutions and Branches, by Type and Control of Institution and State of Jurisdiction, 2009–10

14907: 14852: 14070: 13744: 13691: 13607: 13597: 13565: 13482: 13437: 13324: 13222: 13084: 13004: 12994: 12780: 12637: 12340: 12298: 12241: 12015: 11926: 8520:

Morgan, Hani (2016). "Relying on High-Stakes Standardized Tests to Evaluate Schools and Teachers: A Bad Idea".

7721:"Education and Economic Growth: It's not just going to school, but learning something while there that matters" 6657: 6655: 6043: 6041: 3473: 3057: 2660:). Programs range from full-time, evening and executive which allows for flexibility with students' schedules. 2537: 1225: 1022: 653: 10088:"Lino Graglia, UT Law Professor, Decries Single Motherhood, Black Test Scores, And Affirmative Action (VIDEO)" 8042:

Schoolhouses, Courthouses, and Statehouses: Solving the funding-achievement puzzle in America's public schools

6641: 6294: 3415:

parents in the event of an emergency. According to their report, 75% of schools have security cameras in use.

1726:

The American school year traditionally begins at the end of August or early in September, after a traditional

926:, aimed at improving the quality of the burgeoning common school system by producing more qualified teachers. 15267: 13822: 13686: 13602: 13533: 13504: 13442: 13332: 13304: 12948: 12320: 12213: 11451: 11396: 11290: 4792: 4540: 3861: 3153: 2565: 2317:(family members having attended the school), ability to pay tuition, potential to donate money to the school 1559: 1495:, however, there are significant discrepancies in terms of race, age, household configuration and geography. 1382: 276: 9660:"Revisionaries: How a group of Texas conservatives is rewriting your kids' textbooks. January/February 2010" 9447: 6652: 6038: 3335:. This decision overturned previous rulings that allowed colleges to consider race when accepting students. 2604:, which comprises the core main or special subjects, and students may change their major one or more times. 15282: 15232: 15202: 14157: 14117: 14110: 14043: 13906: 13789: 13711: 13701: 13555: 13516: 13472: 13432: 13389: 13337: 13269: 13242: 13202: 13180: 12989: 12803: 12750: 12683: 12540: 12496: 12424: 12345: 12263: 12074: 11938: 11767: 11675: 11483: 10322: 8850: 7683: 7236: 6613: 6435: 4284: 4095: 3818: 3680: 3663:

rates have been falling in recent years; Asian Americans have the lowest rate among all demographic groups.

2713: 2664:-focused graduate school typically includes some combination of coursework and research (often requiring a 2422: 2401: 1648:

On the 2018 PISA Reading test, Asian Americans, Asians, and European Americans outclass their global peers.

1595: 1139: 1069: 426: 7763: 6591: 4634: 2988:

private schools are widespread, are largely independent of the government, and include secular as well as

1483:

Post-secondary education is valued very highly by American society and is one of the main determinants of

1124:

program which provides financial support to students from low-income families to access higher education.

680: 14038: 13989: 13804: 13706: 13629: 13511: 13407: 13232: 13217: 13155: 12790: 12745: 12552: 12434: 12288: 11412: 11330: 11295: 10616: 9386: 6193: 5419:

Carper, James C.; Layman, Jack (1995). "Independent Christian Day Schools Past, Present, and Prognosis".

4715: 4657: 4005: 3941:

lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and are less likely to enter and complete college.

3555: 3331:, the Supreme Court ruled that considering race as a factor in admitting students was a violation of the 3087: 2545: 2428: 2357: 1679: 1097: 946:, with long-established educational institutions, had well-developed priorities in place by the time the 837: 810: 791: 10836:

The Diverted Dream: Community colleges and the promise of educational opportunity in America, 1900–1985.

7573: 6188: 3977: 970:, one of their chief promoters, forbidding the use of public tax money to fund local parochial schools. 15087: 14942: 14531: 14431: 13942: 13812: 13644: 13624: 13612: 13422: 13412: 13094: 12999: 12612: 12602: 12129: 12124: 12114: 12109: 11631: 11370: 11275: 11235: 11089: 6175:

reading literacy, science literacy and mathematics literacy all rank near the bottom of OECD-countries,

5797: 4090: 3450: 3292: 2743: 1288: 1254: 1194: 10363: 7595: 5863: 3963:

has suggested that Blacks and Hispanics are falling behind in education because they are increasingly

3386:." Students can be physically punished from kindergarten to the end of high school, meaning that even 15492: 15392: 15367: 15347: 14722: 14566: 13521: 12827: 12632: 12627: 12189: 11643: 11335: 11325: 11320: 11300: 10729: 8616: 8123: 7003: 4652: 4249: 4024: 3869: 3845: 3430: 3157: 2993: 2581: 2478: 1587: 1555: 1402: 1086: 1025:, recommended that children should receive twelve years of instruction, consisting of eight years of 540: 372: 8658: 7328: 6954: 5914:

Francesco Agostinelli, Matthias Doepke, Giuseppe Sorrenti & Fabrizio Zilibotti (December 2020).

2469:

and internationally ranked institutions identified by the QS 2025 rankings include six of the eight

2450:

or by another university such as the Top American Research Universities ranked by The Center at the

15432: 15402: 15397: 15327: 15227: 15207: 15007: 14847: 14647: 14592: 14456: 14329: 14264: 14199: 13634: 13014: 12984: 12979: 12969: 12735: 12691: 12532: 12293: 12079: 11943: 11757: 11697: 11427: 11250: 11165: 10590: 10572: 9510: 3801: 3584: 3497: 3480: 3037: 2975: 2959: 2561: 2549: 2525: 2482: 2365: 2361: 1394: 1315: 1251: 1169: 871:

encouraged its towns to support free public schools funded by taxation. In the early 19th century,

735:

funding accounting for about $ 260 billion in 2021 compared to around $ 200 billion in past years.

443: 9012:

The Math Book: From Pythagoras to the 57th Dimension, 250 Milestones in the History of Mathematics

8945: 7638: 7613:"Ten things that aren't free – but should be (and how to get them for free anyway) – DailyFinance" 7092:, U.S. Network for Education Information: U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved August 13, 2013. 5314: 3936:

reading long-term trends for ages 9 (light gray), 13 (dark gray), and 17 (black) from 1970 to 2000

2043:

before college. Many high schoolers also earn an associate degree when they graduate high school.

15532: 15452: 15362: 15342: 15177: 15167: 15137: 15102: 15097: 15052: 15027: 14902: 14832: 14782: 14747: 14657: 14642: 14451: 14441: 14239: 14150: 13128: 12864: 12622: 11589: 11285: 11280: 11155: 11077: 9663: 8636: 8394: 7856: 7525: 7306: 6260: 4185: 3612:

instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the

3423: 3332: 2777: 1922: 1591: 1300: 1296: 986: 10381:

Wald, Johanna; Losen, Daniel J. (2003). "Defining and redirecting a school-to-prison pipeline".

8905:

Kituwah Preservation & Education Program Powerpoint, by Renissa Walker (2012)'. 2012. Print.

8222: 4767:"Inflation-Adjusted K-12 Education Spending Per Student Has Increased By 280 Percent Since 1960" 15542: 15412: 15372: 15257: 15212: 15142: 15092: 14977: 14932: 14632: 14622: 14582: 14436: 14359: 14304: 14274: 14194: 14126: 13580: 12930: 12740: 12720: 12522: 12377: 12172: 12119: 12104: 11948: 11636: 11375: 11340: 11245: 11220: 9569:"Not just Florida. Missouri and a wave of other states propose so-called 'Don't Say Gay' bills" 5078:"Educational Attainment of the Population 25 Years and Over, by Selected Characteristics: 2018" 5049: 4433:"Educational Attainment of the Population 25 Years and Over, by Selected Characteristics: 2018" 4407: 3399: 3135: 3049: 2997: 2951: 2933:

Total U.S. education expenditures in absolute dollars and as a percent of GDP from 1965 to 2015

2782: 2613: 2074: 2060: 1607: 1571: 1567: 1476: 907: 903: 818: 8412: 5525: 5496:

Hoover Institution – Daily Report Archives – Secretary Riley Reignites the Math Wars

2352:

American universities come in a variety of forms that serve different educational needs. Some

2199: 15562: 15462: 15457: 15422: 15382: 15377: 15292: 15272: 15247: 15162: 15117: 15112: 15037: 14957: 14872: 14867: 14822: 14817: 14772: 14737: 14732: 14717: 14702: 14662: 14391: 14339: 14314: 14289: 14249: 14234: 14204: 13779: 13462: 12577: 12134: 12099: 12094: 12037: 12020: 11750: 11360: 11310: 11265: 11255: 11240: 11230: 11215: 11195: 11170: 11160: 11150: 10757: 10702: 9951:

Callahan, Rebecca; Wilkinson, Lindsey; Muller, Chandra; Frisco, Michelle (February 5, 2008).

8967: 7210: 6330: 6313: 5961: 5552: 5494:"The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 forbids federally determined curricula." 3990: 3841: 3308: 2904: 2633: 2617: 2589: 2451: 2208: 2180: 1030: 416: 9686: 9233:"Sex Education in America – General Public/Parents Survey. NPR/Kaiser/Harvard survey (2004)" 7547: 6223: 3824:

As of January 2009, the four largest college textbook publishers in the United States were:

2356:

have established and funded four-year institutions. Some of these institutions, such as the

954:

In the mid-19th century, the rapidly increasing Catholic population led to the formation of

15547: 15537: 15527: 15507: 15482: 15387: 15352: 15307: 15222: 15187: 15182: 15172: 15152: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15012: 14967: 14962: 14927: 14912: 14887: 14862: 14857: 14837: 14812: 14787: 14777: 14727: 14692: 14672: 14667: 14652: 14637: 14627: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14559: 14401: 14354: 14294: 14269: 14259: 14214: 14131: 13259: 13133: 13024: 12402: 11834: 11814: 11762: 11712: 11653: 11584: 11380: 11355: 11260: 11200: 11175: 11145: 11135: 10163:

Zagier, Alan Scher (January 10, 2017). "The dangerous myth of the 'missing black father'".

9007: 8368: 4951: 4679: 4131: 3971: 3877: 3857: 3737: 3672: 3528: 2858: 2802: 2657: 2446: 2139: 2112: 2107:

Preschool (sometimes called pre-kindergarten or jr. kindergarten) refers to non-compulsory

1953: 1946: 1778: 1398: 1364: 1050: 1026: 1011: 995: 974: 761: 749: 643: 478: 468: 421: 10894:

The once and future school: Three hundred and fifty years of American secondary education.

10287:"McKinsey and Company, "The Economic Impact of the Achievement Gap on America's Schools."" 10144:

Sylvester, Elaine I. (1995). "The Black Family Structure: A Viable Structure or a Myth?".

7720: 7283:"The Color of Money:Getting through college these days almost requires a degree in thrift" 3109:

From 1985 to 1999, a United States district court judge required the state of Missouri to

2793:

A study comparing college revenue per student by tuition and state funding in 2008 dollars

8: 15557: 15502: 15497: 15487: 15447: 15427: 15357: 15317: 15312: 15287: 15262: 15237: 15157: 15147: 15107: 15062: 15047: 15042: 15022: 14997: 14947: 14937: 14922: 14892: 14797: 14742: 14712: 14707: 14687: 14677: 14612: 14378: 14309: 14299: 14279: 14224: 14219: 14209: 13671: 13587: 13397: 13113: 12798: 12429: 11626: 11315: 11270: 11210: 11185: 11140: 9479: 7838:"How much money does the United States spend on public elementary and secondary schools?" 7331:. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. 2019. p. 1 6618: 4060:

Taking university admissions tests can be costly for students, both in terms of optional

3865: 3576: 3383: 3110: 3036:

According to a 2005 report from the OECD, the United States is tied for first place with

3028: 2689: 2673: 2637: 2474: 2377: 2346: 2288: 2204: 1551: 1363:

As of 2022, 89% of the adult population had completed high school and 34% had received a

1324: 1284: 1280: 1117: 1065: 1057: 1003: 990: 756:, or an approved home school program. Compulsory education is divided into three levels: 700: 150: 10901:

School Choice and School Governance: A Historical Study of the United States and Germany

9272:"Sex Ed, America, 2016: Where the Information Is Often Absent – or Medically Inaccurate" 8689: 7962:

Using Market Valuation to Assess the Importance and Efficiency of Public School Spending

6770: 3502:

educational achievement gap between minority and non-minority children in public schools

3020: 1056:

Private schools spread during this time, as well as colleges and, in the rural centers,

15552: 15472: 15437: 15417: 15407: 15337: 15297: 15252: 15217: 15197: 15192: 15127: 15082: 15032: 15017: 15002: 14972: 14952: 14917: 14897: 14842: 14767: 14762: 14682: 14396: 14284: 14229: 12911: 12899: 12617: 12607: 12584: 12567: 11963: 11707: 11702: 11574: 11345: 11225: 11190: 10875:

The social ideas of American educators, with new chapter on the last twenty-five years.

10722: 10224: 10073: 9985: 9952: 9867:"Education that Leads to Nowhere: Thailand's Education Policy for Children of Migrants" 9812: 9766: 9205: 9122: 9102: 8968:"Summary Tables on Language Use and English Ability: 2000. United States Census (2000)" 8537: 8481: 8062: 7399: 7103: 6936: 6508: 5708: 5673: 5639: 5578: 5472: 5447: 5286: 3688: 3588: 3457: 3434: 2967: 2649: 2621: 2597: 2529: 2513: 2434: 2373: 2314: 1936: 1508: 1292: 1276: 930: 911:

opened state universities, but they were quite small until well into the 20th century.

899: 787: 689: 685: 160: 9186:"Changing emphases in sexuality education in U.S. public secondary schools, 1988–1999" 3655: 2612:

Some students, typically those with a bachelor's degree, may choose to continue on to

1331: 15467: 15277: 15242: 15122: 15057: 14987: 14982: 14882: 14792: 14757: 14319: 14244: 13654: 12810: 12162: 11660: 11579: 11564: 11417: 11350: 11305: 11205: 11004:

In the company of educated women: A history of women and higher education in America.

10930: 10920: 10904: 10761: 10733: 10706: 10439: 10429: 10406: 10398: 10263: 10238: 10204: 10126: 9990: 9972: 9933: 9925: 9921: 9890: 9847: 9816: 9804: 9770: 9758: 9213: 9130: 9015: 8836: 8541: 8327: 8045: 8017:"Money And School Performance: Lessons from the Kansas City Desegregation Experiment" 7989:"The job Americans won't take: Arizona looks to Philippines to fill teacher shortage" 7258: 7065: 7031: 6940: 6919:

Carnoy, Martin; Rothstein, Richard (2015). "What International Test Scores Tell Us".

6843: 6462:"Where can I find information about the condition of education in the United States?" 6335: 5937: 5712: 5691:

Ferguson, Maria (2015). "Washington View So you want to be an education president?".

5677: 5558: 5531: 5477: 5224: 5167: 4979: 4557: 4497: 4036: 3945: 3873: 3825: 3613: 3370: 3339: 3103: 2739: 2701: 2629: 2577: 2573: 2521: 2455: 2369: 2040: 1720: 1618:(over 19 million) than do members of any other faith community in the United States. 1529: 1174: 1132: 1109: 1007: 806: 716: 10822: 9185: 8916: 7403: 6704:. The Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 2008. 5916:"When the Great Equalizer Shuts Down: Schools, Peers, and Parents in Pandemic Times" 2032:

and repeat coursework in the hope of earning satisfactory scores on the second try.

13570: 13417: 13123: 12943: 11953: 11794: 11777: 11772: 11611: 11390: 10644:"Early elementary reading skills can impact future success. How to help your child" 10390: 10122: 10118: 10031: 9980: 9964: 9917: 9880: 9839: 9796: 9750: 9197: 9114: 8813: 8529: 7522:"Tuition Levels Rise but Many Students Pay Significantly Less than Published Rates" 6928: 6697: 6662: 6325: 5927: 5700: 5665: 5467: 5459: 5428: 5401: 5214: 5157: 5017: 4375: 4145: 4061: 3837: 3599: 3572: 3438: 3276: 3118: 2989: 2814: 2760: 2553: 2318: 2192: 1768: 1734: 1716: 1378:

rate for high school graduates was 10.8%; the rate for college graduates was 4.9%.

1304: 1182: 1152: 1018: 963: 955: 938: 923: 915: 880: 876: 632: 64: 8990: 8533: 8119:"Landmark Pa. school funding case decided: The state's system is unconstitutional" 7929:"Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, Table 1" 7857:"State Education Trends: Academic Performance and Spending over the Past 40 Years" 7837: 4846: 4519: 2929: 2183:

team that worked on the production of the world's first man-made, self-sustaining

13279: 13055: 12953: 12725: 12025: 11958: 11727: 11648: 11594: 11052: 10829: 10819:

American School Reform: Progressive, Equity, and Excellence Movements, 1883–1993.

10751: 10696: 10573:"Trans-Atlantic Comparisons, part 2: Why Europeans Have It Wrong About Americans" 10198: 9721: 8321: 7928: 7737: 7265: 7058:"The Push for a $ 60K Base Teacher Salary Gains Steam as Bernie Sanders Signs On" 6243: 5309: 5277:

Jorgenson, Lloyd P. (1968). "The Oregon School Law of 1922: Passage and Sequel".

5105: 3970:

Other explanations offered for the racial achievement gap include: social class,

3728:

At least 20 states have had their legislatures introduce derivative bills of the

3704: 3675:

found that most U.S. sex education courses in grades 7 through 12 cover puberty,

3609: 3391: 3346:, while favoring affirmative action, have argued that in practice, it has led to 3244: 3114: 3013: 2982:

have attempted to assert more central control in a heavily decentralized system.

2979: 2892: 2861:

for graduating from the top 1,000 colleges exceeds 4% over a high school degree.

2854:

The debt of the average college graduate for student loans in 2010 was $ 23,200.

2517: 2284: 2184: 2029: 2018: 1963: 1741: 1727: 1708: 1603: 1563: 1512: 1272: 1213: 1201: 1181:

diluted some of the century-old "Blaine" laws upheld an Ohio law allowing aid to

967: 178: 10851:

The Transformation of the School: Progressivism in American Education, 1876–1957

10547: 10504: 9628: 6812:"International Outcomes of Learning in Mathematics Literacy and Problem Solving" 5198:

Bandiera, Oriana; Mohnen, Myra; Rasul, Imran; Viarengo, Martina (June 9, 2018).

5098: 3929: 2789: 13749: 13649: 13032: 12167: 12157: 12152: 12147: 11819: 11682: 11616: 11016: 10724:

Building a Better Teacher: How Teaching Works (and How to Teach It to Everyone)

10692: 10686: 9599:"In some states, versions of 'Don't Say Gay' bills have been around for awhile" 8496:"NAEP Nations Report Card - National Assessment of Educational Progress - NAEP" 7864: 6693: 5200:"Nation-Building Through Compulsory Schooling During the Age of Mass Migration" 5199: 3949: 3829: 3773: 3488: 3476: 2887: 2734: 2625: 2601: 2333: 1697: 1615: 1113: 887:

that were widely emulated across the North. Teachers were specially trained in

814: 753: 704: 10919:. Jefferson, North Carolina/London, England: McFarland & Co., Publishers. 6932: 6663:"US Census Bureau report on educational attainment in the United States, 2003" 5463: 5432: 5405: 3008: 15576: 12730: 12030: 11839: 11474: 10934: 10747: 10443: 10402: 10068: 9976: 9968: 9929: 9894: 9851: 9808: 9800: 9762: 9754: 8037: 7069: 7035: 6972: 6716:"Most colleges enroll many students who aren't prepared for higher education" 6265: 6159: 5941: 5704: 5669: 5642:, "Education in the Age of Obama: The Paradox of Consensus" in Zelizer, ed., 5509: 5228: 5171: 4820:"Teachers Less Frequently Hired, More Often Fired Than Other School Staffers" 4154: 4078: 3833: 3122: 2754:

careers. Students can also earn credits at a community or junior college and

2747: 2056: 1683:, of the top ten colleges and universities in the world, eight are American. 1575: 978: 943: 872: 805:

country (which overlaps with almost all of the countries designated as being

696: 483: 14142: 10882:

Creating the Dropout: An Institutional and Social History of School Failure.

9885: 9866: 9726:

Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong

9103:"Sexuality education in fifth and sixth grades in U.S. public schools, 1999" 6281:"Number of homeless students in U.S. has doubled since before the recession" 5448:"The impact of desegregation on black teachers in the metropolis, 1970–2000" 4581:"U.S. Schools Take 8 of 10 Top Spots on U.S. News' Best Global Universities" 3426:, is on site to screen students for firearms and to help avoid disruptions. 1602:, and 24% of those who say their religion is "nothing in particular" have a 13037: 13009: 12064: 10410: 9994: 9937: 9217: 9134: 8435:"New York school district's facial recognition system sparks privacy fears" 8117:

Hanna, Maddie; Graham, Kristen A.; McGoldrick, Gillian (February 7, 2023).

8016: 7993: 7171: 6339: 5527:

An Education in Politics: The Origins and Evolution of No Child Left Behind

5481: 4310: 3960: 3692: 3524: 3469: 3343: 2963: 2669: 2645: 2509: 2462:, generosity of alumni donors, and volume and quality of faculty research. 2385: 2384:

that concentrate on undergraduate education. Some private universities are

2188: 2096: 1830: 1790: 1387: 1190: 1079: 892: 171: 10130: 7786:"Public School Spending Per Pupil Increases by Largest Amount in 11 Years" 7719:

Eric A. Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann, Eliot A. Jamison and Dean T. Jamison,

6811: 6146: 5994:"Amid coronavirus pandemic, a growing list of colleges in financial peril" 3809:

history textbooks argued that they often disseminate factually incorrect,

1064:, which would require all children between the ages of 8 and 16 to attend 1049:

By 1910, 72% of children were attending school. Between 1910 and 1940 the

817:) and the U.S. education sector consumed a greater percentage of the U.S. 14551: 13314: 12845: 12182: 12084: 11824: 11687: 11443: 11039: 11026: 10990:

Education and Social Change: Themes in the History of American Schooling.

8771: 8522:

The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas

8495: 7354: 7329:"Number of educational institutions, by level and control of Institution" 6893: 6314:"School Health as a Strategy to Improve Both Public Health and Education" 3810: 3806: 3595: 3090:

ruling that school funding was not a federal obligation specified in the

2490: 1599: 1579: 1233: 1221: 1209: 1090: 982: 884: 868: 11119: 6844:"PISA 2006 Science Competencies for Tomorrow's World Volume 1: Analysis" 5290: 12177: 11983: 11809: 11804: 11722: 9209: 9126: 8176: 5219: 5162: 5145: 4607:"U.S. Universities Dominate Latest QS World Rankings By Academic Field" 4065: 4048: 4011: 3953: 3684: 3568: 3193: 3182: 3099: 2751: 2697: 2470: 2389: 2292: 1993: 1932: 1918: 1904: 1393:

The poor performance has pushed public and private efforts such as the

1368: 1143: 1121: 10812:

The school upon a hill: Education and society in colonial New England.

9843: 8661:. Geographic Education National Implementation Project. Archived from 6558: 6384: 6358:"Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 18 Years, 2016" 6132:

Zagier, Alan Scher (June 6, 2010). "Rethinking the four-year degree".

3121:. The background and results of these cases are analyzed in a book by 3094:, whose authors left education funding and the management to states. ( 2797: 2368:

are now operated as state universities. Four-year institutions may be

2073:

found that in 1999–2000, 73% of undergraduates had characteristics of

1189:

evaluated higher education. In December 2015, then-American President

14383: 13666: 13659: 5915: 4721:. National Center for Education Statistics. May 11, 2018. p. 7. 4225:"OECD calls for broader access to post-school education and training" 3853: 3814: 3769: 3749: 2985: 2653: 2169: 2108: 2092: 2028:

In K–12 education, sometimes students who receive failing grades are

1908: 1890: 1875: 1865: 1855: 1840: 1820: 1810: 1800: 1763: 10997:

The education of an urban minority: Catholics in Chicago, 1833–1965.

10008: 9324:"Georgia legislators introduce a Florida-style 'Don't Say Gay' bill" 9201: 9118: 8485:, pp. 123–7, March 2006; Cheating: "but everybody is doing it". 7302:"Big Gap in College Graduation Rates for Rich and Poor, Study Finds" 6147:

A First Look at the Literacy of America's Adults in the 21st Century

6020:"COVID school closures most harm students from poorest neighborhood" 4479: 4308: 4064:

programs and in the cost of registering for and attending test. The

3149:

William Penn School District v. Pennsylvania Department of Education

1628:

List of American universities and colleges outside the United States

1217:

student test scores, and for adopting higher educational standards.

1060:. In 1922, an attempt was made by the voters of Oregon to enact the 794:

Best Countries for Education rankings. The U.S. has by far the most

14369: 11849: 11799: 10109:

Tenhouten, Warren D. (1970). "The Black Family: Myth and Reality".

9328: 8767:"How a flawed idea is teaching millions of kids to be poor readers" 8088:"Washington's Supreme Court holds state in contempt over education" 7680:"Student Loans For Study Abroad | Scholarship to Study in USA" 5932: 5727:"Opinion | the Student Debt Problem is Worse Than We Imagined" 4040: 3897: 3784: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3696: 3379: 3024:

State and local spending on education as of the 2015–16 school year

2693: 2672:

to be written), while professional graduate-level schools grants a

2297: 2036: 1894: 1458: 594: 11045:

Managers of Virtue: Public School Leadership in America, 1820–1980

10698:

The Teacher Wars: A History of America's Most Embattled Profession

10394: 9418:"Michigan bill mirrors Florida's Parental Rights in Education law" 8786: 6592:"Literacy study: 1 in 7 U.S. adults are unable to read this story" 5886:"The COVID-19 pandemic has changed education forever. This is how" 5813:"More Than Half of All States Have Shut Down All of Their Schools" 5616:"President Obama Signs into Law a Rewrite of No Child Left Behind" 3382:

the buttocks of a student with a paddle in a punishment known as "

3133:

Judicial intervention has even taken place at the state level. In

2304:

largely deregulated, giving students a variety of choices. Common

2175: 1656:

In 2009, US fourth and eighth graders tested above average on the

10234:

The bell curve: intelligence and class structure in American life

10196: 9515: 9452: 8792: 7184: 6955:

http://www.ncsl.org/documents/educ/EDU_International_final_v3.pdf

4200: 4102: 3780: 3733: 2874: 2661: 2494: 1989: 1733:

Depending upon their circumstances, children may begin school in

776: 10962:

Transitions in American Education: A Social History of Teaching.

10567: 10565: 10178:

Olivas, Michael A. (1998). "Professor Graglia, Meet My Father".

10066:

Parker, Kathleen (December 13, 2012). "Reluctant First Father".

8837:"Puerto Rico Public School – List of Puerto Rico Public Schools" 8795:"Is It a Good Idea to Teach the Three Cueing Systems in Reading" 8583:"Why Standardized Test Scores Don't Measure Educational Quality" 8266: 8200:"For Most College Students, Affirmative Action Was Never Enough" 5839:"The Scramble to Move America's Schools Online - Education Week" 5099:

Samuel Read Hall Biography at the Old Stone House Museum website

4494:"U.S. Department of Education: Homeschooling Continues to Grow!" 3587:, teach primarily in English, with the exception of specialized 3098:, 411 U.S. 1 (1973)). The state court cases, beginning with the 1499:

educational attainment of people schooled in the United States.

11086:– Using 1997 ISCED classification of programs and typical ages. 9907: 8738:"Early reading instruction survey, EdWeek Research Center, USA" 7987:

Greene Sterling, Terry; Joffe-Block, Jude (September 5, 2018).

7417: 5782: 4139: 3959:

Another explanation has to do with family structure. Professor

3711: 3527:. The school only has control over one of these three factors. 2665: 1533:

Significant race or sex differences exist in the completion of

627: 9294:"Arizona students protest new laws targeting LGBTQ+ community" 8460:"Facial Recognition Technology in US Schools Threatens Rights" 7662:"Student Loan Debt Statistics in 2018: A$ 1.5 Trillion Crisis" 5392:

Carper, James C. (1983). "The Christian Day School Movement".

3783:

became the second state to pass a similar bill, with governor

3032:

Percent of state government revenue spent on education in 2013

2360:, are still operated by local governments. Others such as the 1700:

would set a minimum salary of $ 60,000 per year for teachers.

1610:

degree. Largely owing to the size of their constituency, more

10562: 9950: 6996:"Top World University Rankings – US Best Global Universities" 6409: 5593:"Zeman vs Simmon-Harris, US Supreme Court certoriari 00-1751" 4903:"College enrollment could take a big hit in 2025. Here's why" 3849: 3387: 1319:

Educational attainment in the United States from 1940 to 2009

10753:

Endangering Prosperity: A Global View of the American School

9480:"House Bill 616 | 134th General Assembly | Ohio Legislature" 9357:""Don't Say Gay" bill introduced by Iowa Republican leaders" 6877: 5864:"Technology in Classrooms: Pros and Cons – Future Educators" 4994:"Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the United States" 2160: 1515:

has made those courses increasingly easy in recent decades.

1323:

In 2000, 76.6 million students had enrolled in schools from

10969:

The Emergence of the Common School in the U.S. Countryside.

8212:

Data as of 2021. Data source: U.S. Department of Education.

7024:"Teachers Would Make at Least $ 60K Under New Federal Bill" 6247: 5197: 5111: 5080:. United States Census Bureau. February 21, 2019. p. 1 3761: 3741: 3580: 2955: 2821: 1633: 1193:

signed legislation replacing No Child Left Behind with the

1120:. Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 created the 845: 802: 11032:

Tinkering Toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform

11021:

The One Best System: A History of American Urban Education

10868:

American Education: The Metropolitan Experience, 1876–1980

8348:"Security Checkpoint – National School Boards Association" 7986: 7740:. United States Department of Education. February 13, 2012 6564:. National Center for Educational Statistics. April 2002. 5745:"Student debt is America's most pressing economic problem" 1279:

co-authored a January 2022 study with professors from the

10374: 10281: 10279: 10260:

The global bell curve: race, IQ, and inequality worldwide

9240: 9184:

Darroch JE, Landry DJ, Singh S (September–October 2000).

9101:

Landry DJ, Singh S, Darroch JE (September–October 2000).

8662: 8323:

Classroom Management: Sound Theory and Effective Practice

4930:"Public school enrollment falling nationwide, data shows" 4069: 3952:. This school of thought argues that the origin of this " 3883: 3676: 3638: 2520:), religiously affiliated and denomination universities ( 2504:

Other types of universities in the United States include

2310: 2022:(with various degrees and curricular partitions thereof) 9543:"Session 124 - (2021-2022) - South Carolina Legislature" 9158:. Kaiser Family Foundation. October 2002. Archived from 8988: 7440:"Organization of U.S. Education - Tertiary Institutions" 7189:

National Association for the Education of Young Children

5798:"Will a Student Loan Debt Crisis Sink the U.S. Economy?" 5554:

Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America's Schools

2851:

whereas degrees in teaching and social work fall below.

11072: 10864:

American Education: The National Experience, 1783–1876.

10860:

American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607–1783.

10794:

History of Education in the United States: Bibliography

10426:

The school-to-prison pipeline: structuring legal reform

6882:. Burlington Free Press (and other column subscribers). 4698:"U.S. education spending tops global list, study shows" 10319:"The Condition of College & Career Readiness 2012" 10276: 8235: 7943: 7130:"More students getting college degrees in high school" 5248:

Walter R., Allen, Edgar G. Epps, and Nesha Z. Haniff,

4900: 4161:

First-generation college students in the United States

2880: 10917:

Town and Gown Relations: a Handbook of Best Practices

10462:"SAT math scores mirror and maintain racial inequity" 10460:

Smith, Ember; Reeves, Richard V. (December 1, 2020).

8635:. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Archived from 8116: 6614:"The U.S. Illiteracy Rate Hasn't Changed in 10 Years" 6160:"Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)" 3437:, argues that the technology could also threaten the 1658:

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

1432:

school closures necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic

1224:

that had been developed on a bipartisan basis by the

1037:("freshmen", "sophomores", "juniors" and "seniors"). 902:

end in 1865, cities began building high schools. The

11011:

Call School: Rural Education in the Midwest to 1918.

8296:"The States Where Teachers Can Still Spank Students" 8198:

Arum, Richard; Stevens, Mitchell L. (July 3, 2023).

7353:. The Center (University of Florida). Archived from 6250:: Participation in continuing education and training 5760:"The Student Loan Debt Crisis Is About to Get Worse" 5285:(3). Catholic University of America Press: 455–466. 4171:

List of heads of state educated in the United States

4121: 3096:

San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez

1545: 985:). They also used federal funding designated by the 840:

rated U.S. education as 14th best in the world. The

11078:

Information on education in the United States, OECD

10941:

The shaping of the American high school, 1880–1920.

10531:

The Growing Correlation Between Race and SAT Scores

9705:"Texas Approves Disputed History Texts for Schools" 8793:Timothy Shanahan, Reading Rockets (April 1, 2019). 7280: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6771:"A Leak in the STEM Pipeline: Taking Algebra Early" 6642:"NAEP - 2015 Mathematics & Reading Assessments" 6279:Layton, Lyndsey; Brown, Emma (September 14, 2015). 6050:"Educational Attainment in the United States: 2015" 4176:

List of state graduation exams in the United States

4094:The interior of Berkeley Heights Public Library in 3333:

Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

2801:The cost of U.S. college education relative to the 1041:well as course completion and transfer procedures. 10721: 9678: 9183: 9100: 9072:"Do Students Need Four Years of High School Math?" 8917:"Immersion students win trophies at language fair" 8557:"Standardized Testing Is Harming Student Learning" 8044:(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010, 6798:"The most and least educated U.S. religious group" 6299:Institute for Children, Poverty & Homelessness 5778:"Betsy DeVos: Student Loan Debt is Now A 'Crisis'" 5445: 4901:O'Connell-Domenech, Alejandra (January 10, 2024). 4191:Social programs in the United States and education 3441:and could pose a great risk to children of color. 2410:U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking 10870:(1990); standard 3 vol detailed scholarly history 10480:"Why we should do away with standardized testing" 8289: 8287: 8191: 7923: 7921: 7812:"U.S. School System Spending Per Pupil by Region" 7562: 6968:"Education, and class. America's new aristocracy" 6878:Broder, David S. (columnist) (December 7, 2008). 4976:"United States - Student performance (PISA 2015)" 4309:Véronique Irwin and Josue De La Rosa (May 2022). 3918: 2831:Private university (4 years): $ 40,476 (per year) 2035:High school graduates sometimes take one or more 1719:in the U.S. is divided into a number of distinct 1594:(46%). According to the same study, about 43% of 1525:Sex differences in education in the United States 1401:is high. A 2000s (decade) study by Jon Miller of 1335:High school graduation rate per state as of 2017 715:set overall educational standards, often mandate 15574: 12878:Native American recognition in the United States 10223: 9872:International Journal of Multicultural Education 9149:"Sex Education in the U.S.: Policy and Politics" 8238:"Top Colleges Take More Blacks, But Which Ones?" 8236:Rimer, Sara; Arenson, Karen W. (June 24, 2004). 7707:Does it Matter That Your Professor Is Part Time? 7516: 7514: 7010: 5613: 5607: 4877:How to Cut Administrative Bloat at U.S. Colleges 4435:. United States Census Bureau. February 21, 2019 3226:Acceptance rates at private universities (2005) 2828:Public university (4 years): $ 27,967 (per year) 2417:Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2406:Times Higher Education World University Rankings 1502: 10804:The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 10778:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1957. 255 p. 9736: 9734: 8363: 8361: 6918: 6261:Scientific Literacy: How Do Americans Stack Up? 3791: 3365:School corporal punishment in the United States 3111:triple the budget of Kansas City Public Schools 2454:. These rankings are based on factors such as 10983:Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms. 10841:Button, H. Warren and Provenzo, Eugene F. Jr. 10262:. Augusta, Ga.: Washington Summit Publishers. 8713:"Elementary Education Has Gone Terribly Wrong" 8284: 7918: 7104:"Between high school and college, a 'PG' year" 5579:"Archived: Fact Sheet on No Child Left Behind" 5072: 5070: 4181:Lists of school districts in the United States 3724:Anti-LGBT curriculum laws in the United States 3056:this phenomenon, California's citizens passed 2087:Early childhood education in the United States 1660:tests, which emphasizes traditional learning. 1638:Programme for International Student Assessment 1259:great impact on education in the United States 1148:National Commission on Excellence in Education 958:in the largest cities. Theologically oriented 842:Programme for International Student Assessment 833:for the same age levels increased by 2% each. 798:in history, with 403 (having won 406 awards). 14567: 14172: 14158: 13275:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 11459: 11105: 9864: 9782: 9780: 9508: 8869: 7597:The Labor Market for Recent College Graduates 7548:"College Pricing and Student Aid – Pressroom" 7511: 7276: 7274: 7155:"Four-, Five-, and Six-Year Graduation Rates" 6873: 6871: 6773:. U.S. Department of Education. November 2018 6351: 6349: 5614:Hirschfeld Davis, Julie (December 10, 2015). 4653:"2022-2023 Best Global Universities Rankings" 4629: 4627: 4455:"U.S. Department of Education - outlays 2027" 4085: 3562: 3405: 1367:or higher. The average salary for college or 1098:Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 661: 14492:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 10967:Parkerson, Donald H. and Parkerson, Jo Ann. 10960:Parkerson, Donald H. and Parkerson, Jo Ann. 10843:History of Education and Culture in America. 10417: 9865:Arphattananon, Thithimadee (June 11, 2012). 9731: 9141: 8683: 8358: 7268:(September 2010). Retrieved December 1, 2011 6817:. National Center for Education Statistics. 6553: 6551: 6486: 6048:Ryan, Camille; Siebens, Julie (March 2016). 5966:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5909: 5907: 5550: 5523: 5418: 5372: 5360:Huck's Raft: A History of American Childhood 4018: 3976: 3695:, and factual and ethical information about 3422:In some schools, a police officer, titled a 2570:Historically black colleges and universities 2324: 2080: 1554:study in 2016, there is correlation between 1187:Commission on the Future of Higher Education 10807:(University of North Carolina Press, 1988). 10617:"Brevard's new literacy crusade:United Way" 10459: 9687:"Texas Conservatives win Curriculum Change" 9037:"A New SAT Aims to Realign With Schoolwork" 8855:We Shall Remain – American Experience – PBS 8809:"Why America Can't Read | Psychology Today" 8197: 6892: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6713: 6513:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 6278: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6047: 5878: 5067: 4311:"Report on the Condition of Education 2022" 4304: 4302: 4196:Educational Inequality in the United States 3925:Racial achievement gap in the United States 3914:Educational inequality in the United States 3394:are sometimes spanked by school officials. 3012:Funding of K through 12th grade schools by 3003: 2392:, while others are religiously affiliated. 2216:Educational attainment in the United States 1621: 1471:Educational attainment in the United States 1158:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1006:was founded in 1881 as a state college, in 14581: 14574: 14560: 14165: 14151: 11473: 11466: 11452: 11112: 11098: 11084:Diagram of American education system, OECD 10455: 10453: 10197:Roberty Coles & Charles Green (2010). 9786: 9777: 9743:Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 8633:"Astronomy Education in the United States" 8326:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 78. 8294:Anderson, Melinda D. (December 15, 2015). 8260: 8258: 8086:Cavaliere, Victoria (September 11, 2014). 7931:. National Center for Education Statistics 7704: 7479: 7462:"US education expenditure as share of GDP" 7343: 7271: 6868: 6468:. National Center for Education Statistics 6355: 6346: 5421:Journal of Research on Christian Education 5262: 5260: 5258: 4799:. National Center for Education Statistics 4624: 4520:"National Center for Education Statistics" 3848:. Other U.S. textbook publishers include: 3629:Mathematics education in the United States 2996:decisions for private schools are made by 2925:Public school funding in the United States 1212:pursued K-12 education reform through the 1129:Education for All Handicapped Children Act 668: 654: 12888:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 10976:The politics of school reform, 1870–1940. 10691: 10380: 10237:( ed.). New York, N.Y.: Free Press. 10143: 10108: 9984: 9910:British Journal of Educational Psychology 9884: 8548: 8085: 6722:. Teachers College at Columbia University 6702:The Race between Education and Technology 6548: 6527: 6433: 6329: 6186: 5931: 5904: 5471: 5276: 5218: 5161: 5143: 4874: 4764: 4740:"COE - Education Expenditures by Country" 4534: 4275: 4273: 4271: 3509:National Assessment of Education Progress 3369:The United States is one of the very few 3192:Grant funding is provided by the federal 2914: 2909:less than the number of college graduates 2726:Vocational education in the United States 1712:Diagram of education in the United States 942:shared goals and priorities. States like 859:History of education in the United States 790:. The country placed first in the annual 235:History of education in the United States 30:Education in the United States of America 11073:National Center for Education Statistics 11057:The Emergence of the American University 10947:(1972). standard 2 vol scholarly history 10746: 9685:Jr, James C. Mckinley (March 12, 2010). 9629:"Alabama HB322 | 2022 | Regular Session" 9448:""Don't say gay" bill a hot issue in Mo" 9269: 9069: 9006: 8686:"Geographic Education and Public Policy" 8554: 8293: 8144: 7842:National Center for Education Statistics 7351:"The Top American Research Universities" 7281:Michelle Singletary (October 22, 2009). 7233:"Education. United States Census (2000)" 7021: 6898:"Tests don't always offer right answers" 6800:. Pew Research Center. October 16, 2016. 6785: 6331:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043727 6118: 6017: 5690: 4744:National Center for Education Statistics 4299: 4244: 4242: 4219: 4217: 4089: 3928: 3730:Florida Parental Rights in Education Act 3654: 3468: 3451:Academic dishonesty § United States 3412:National Center for Education Statistics 3214: 3076: 3067:National Center for Education Statistics 3027: 3019: 3007: 2928: 2796: 2788: 2776: 2328: 2291:, often at one of the 4,495 colleges or 2198: 2174: 2159: 2071:National Center for Education Statistics 1707: 1528: 1440:National Center for Education Statistics 1330: 1314: 1108:('ESEA'), passed as a part of President 1004:Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute 679: 12939:List of counties and county equivalents 11013:Southern Illinois U. Pr., 1995. 246 pp. 10450: 10428:. New York: New York University Press. 10292:. April 2009. p. 5. Archived from 10090:. Huffingtonpost.com. December 11, 2012 10030:Ansell, Susan E. (September 10, 2004). 10009:"Students Affected by Achievement Gaps" 9662:. Washingtonmonthly.com. Archived from 9511:""Don't Say Gay" law filed in Oklahoma" 8764: 8411:. Online Police Academy. Archived from 8264: 8255: 8098:from the original on September 12, 2014 7854: 7682:. University in the USA. Archived from 7550:. Press.collegeboard.org. April 9, 2013 7397: 7235:. Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from 6743: 6714:Butrymowicz, Sarah (January 30, 2017). 6363:National Center for Children in Poverty 5987: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5757: 5655: 5255: 4844: 4604: 4166:Language education in the United States 4055: 4030: 3717: 3328:Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard 3211:Affirmative action in the United States 2903:Economics professor Alan Zagier blames 2898: 2781:U.S. education expenditure as share of 2444:, by test preparation services such as 1422:National Center for Children in Poverty 1243:became recognized as a social problem. 1185:under specific circumstances. The 2006 14: 15575: 10528: 10321:. ACT. August 21, 2013. Archived from 10177: 10162: 10065: 10029: 9832:Anthropology & Education Quarterly 9829: 9740: 9639:from the original on November 14, 2022 9609:from the original on February 19, 2023 9509:Rosa-Figueroa, Alex (April 27, 2022). 9291: 8914: 8710: 8580: 8519: 8319: 8147:"Dire Straits for some state pensions" 8075:from the original on January 11, 2012. 8014: 7487:"Trends in College Spending 1998–2008" 7418:"Graduate School Program Options: MBA" 7101: 6856:from the original on September 7, 2015 6487:Kuykendall05, Kristal (May 31, 2022). 6187:Pondiscio, Robert (January 13, 2016). 6131: 6100: 5836: 5446:Oakley D, Stowell J, Logan JR (2009). 5391: 5018:"International Educational Attainment" 4964:from the original on December 8, 2016. 4882:(Report). Progressive Policy Institute 4854:Education Resources Information Center 4826:. Editorial Projects in Education, Inc 4605:Nietzel, Michael T. (March 22, 2023). 4556:. NCES. March 18, 2019. Archived from 4376:"International Educational Attainment" 4344: 4342: 4268: 4250:"USA Spending Department of Education" 3884:Immigrant students and grade placement 3788:Gay" bills by critics until recently. 3559:use words that are above grade level. 3358: 3172: 2493:); and the research intensive schools 2111:-based early-childhood education. The 1410:homeless students in the United States 1230:Council of Chief State School Officers 1222:Common Core State Standards Initiative 1206:Obama's $ 800 billion stimulus package 1106:Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1010:, to train "Colored Teachers," led by 175:Includes middle school and high school 15588:Public education in the United States 14555: 14146: 11447: 11093: 10952:American higher education: A history. 10719: 9579:from the original on January 14, 2023 9549:from the original on January 14, 2023 9523:from the original on January 14, 2023 9490:from the original on January 14, 2023 9460:from the original on January 14, 2023 9397:from the original on January 14, 2023 9387:"Iowa Legislature - Senate File 2024" 9367:from the original on January 14, 2023 9336:from the original on January 14, 2023 9304:from the original on January 14, 2023 9292:Migdon, Brooke (September 30, 2022). 9034: 8899: 8320:Tauber, Robert T. (January 1, 2007). 7730: 7377:"QS World University Rankings - 2025" 7165: 7022:Stanford, Libby (December 15, 2022). 6589: 6410:"United States - HRMI Rights Tracker" 6385:"Human Rights Measurement Initiative" 6356:Kobal, H.; Jiang, Y. (January 2018). 6311: 6305: 6189:"The Phoniest Statistic in Education" 5810: 5006:from the original on August 15, 2018. 4927: 4765:DeAngelis, Corey A. (June 15, 2020). 4728:from the original on August 28, 2019. 4239: 4214: 3797:curriculum taught in public schools. 3204: 3187:Federal Family Education Loan Program 2921:Education policy of the United States 2542:United States Merchant Marine Academy 2281:Higher education in the United States 2156:Higher education in the United States 1703: 1267:United States Department of Education 1177:a requirement. In the same year, the 260:History of education in New York City 250:History of education in Massachusetts 10992:; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2002. 10945:The American high school, 1920–1940. 10914: 10641: 10614: 10383:New Directions for Youth Development 10257: 10200:The Myth of the Missing Black Father 9415: 9070:Schwartz, Sarah (January 17, 2023). 8621:. Thomas B. Fordham Institute. 2008. 8175:. Grove City College. Archived from 7893: 7659: 7299: 7056:Will, Madeline (February 14, 2023). 7055: 6746:"Grade Inflation, Higher and Higher" 6675:from the original on August 25, 2004 6459: 5991: 5974: 5557:. Simon & Schuster. p. 84. 5238:from the original on August 8, 2017. 4817: 4578: 3543:achievement gap in the United States 3535: 3325:In 2023 the Supreme Court decision, 2864: 2773:College tuition in the United States 1436:Report on the Condition of Education 1408:In 2006, there were roughly 600,000 10985:Simon & Schuster, 2000. 555 pp. 10954:(1994). pp.; reprinted essays from 10792:for more detailed bibliography see 10670:Public Education and Indoctrination 10423: 9428:from the original on March 21, 2023 9416:Hope, Jamie A. (December 5, 2022). 8754:from the original on April 2, 2020. 8462:. Human Rights Watch. June 21, 2019 8267:"Corporal punishment in US schools" 8145:Racioppi, Dustin (March 23, 2014). 7976:from the original on June 15, 2010. 7875:from the original on March 19, 2014 7705:Clark, Kim (November 17–24, 2008). 7127: 6389:Human Rights Measurement Initiative 6295:"The United States of Homelessness" 6283:– via www.washingtonpost.com. 6140: 5758:Griffin, Riley (October 17, 2018). 4928:Allen, Catherine (April 21, 2024). 4716:"Education Expenditures by Country" 4339: 4256:from the original on March 17, 2024 3179:Federal Direct Student Loan Program 2881:Academic labor and adjunctification 2607: 2149: 2126:K-12 education in the United States 1556:education and religious affiliation 1449:A five-year, $ 14 million study of 165:46.4% (among 25–64 year-olds, 2017) 35:National education budget (2023-24) 24: 18:Public schools in the United States 10662: 10032:"Research Center: Achievement Gap" 9684: 9354: 9270:Thompson, Lizzie (April 3, 2016). 9251:from the original on April 5, 2004 9014:. New York: Sterling. p. 10. 8877:"Cherokee Language Revitalization" 8765:Hanford, Emily (August 22, 2019). 8271:World Corporal Punishment Research 8210:from the original on July 3, 2023. 7964:, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago" 7855:Coulson, Andrew (March 18, 2014). 7762:. nationmaster.com. Archived from 7600:, Federal Reserve Bank of New York 7524:. Collegeboard.com. Archived from 7300:Korn, Melissa (February 3, 2015). 6880:College affordability about future 6571:from the original on June 20, 2003 6434:Goldstein, Dana (August 7, 2021). 6062:from the original on June 15, 2016 6018:Cummings, Mike (January 5, 2022). 5837:Herold, Benjamin (April 1, 2020). 5144:Steudeman, Michael J. (May 2018). 3984: 3651:Sex education in the United States 3633:According to a 1997 report by the 3144:Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania 2338:Washington University in St. Louis 1643: 1518: 783:has also risen to $ 1.5 trillion. 43:$ 222.1 billion (0.8% of GDP) 25: 15604: 12284:Director of National Intelligence 11066: 10623:. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A 9657: 9047:from the original on May 13, 2014 8684:Harm de Blij (November 3, 1999). 7610: 7379:. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited 7257:Nat'l Ctr. for Educ. Statistics, 6824:from the original on May 16, 2005 6744:Jaschik, Scott (March 29, 2016). 6528:LEONHARDT, Megan (July 2, 2022). 5313:. August 22, 1938. Archived from 5048:. OECD. p. 1. Archived from 4327:from the original on May 31, 2022 2602:academic "major" or concentration 2458:, number of Nobel Prize winners, 2271:Doctorate or professional degree 2119: 1546:Religious achievement differences 935:United States Office of Education 155:91% (among 25–68 year-olds, 2018) 15333:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 14808:Democratic Republic of the Congo 14368: 14335:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12440:Government Accountability Office 10838:Oxford University Press. (1989). 10635: 10608: 10583: 10540: 10522: 10497: 10472: 10356: 10346: 10337: 10311: 10251: 10217: 10190: 10171: 10156: 10137: 10102: 10080: 10059: 10050: 10023: 10001: 9944: 9922:10.1111/j.2044-8279.2010.02015.x 9901: 9858: 9823: 9715: 9697: 9651: 9621: 9591: 9561: 9535: 9502: 9472: 9440: 9409: 9379: 9348: 9316: 9285: 9263: 9225: 9177: 9094: 9063: 9028: 9000: 8991:"Mathematics Equals Opportunity" 8982: 8960: 8934: 8908: 8881:Cherokee Preservation Foundation 8851:"Native Now: Language: Cherokee" 8843: 8829: 8801: 8758: 8730: 8711:Wexler, Natalie (July 9, 2019). 8704: 8677: 8651: 8625: 8609: 8574: 8513: 8488: 8474: 8452: 8427: 8401: 8379: 8340: 8313: 8265:Farrell, Colin (February 2016). 8229: 8215: 8165: 8138: 8110: 8079: 8055: 8031: 8008: 7980: 7952: 7887: 7848: 7830: 7804: 7778: 7752: 7713: 7698: 7672: 7653: 7631: 7604: 7588: 7540: 7454: 7432: 7410: 7391: 7369: 7321: 7293: 7251: 7225: 7203: 7177: 7147: 7121: 7102:Savoye, Craig (March 12, 2022). 7095: 7083: 7049: 6988: 6960: 6947: 6912: 6886: 6836: 6804: 6763: 6737: 6707: 5530:. Cornell U.P. pp. 179–81. 4579:Fink, Jenni (October 22, 2019). 4138: 4124: 3965:raised in single-parent families 3644: 2857:A 2010 study indicates that the 2594:Western International University 2166:New York Institute of Technology 2164:A building on the campus of the 1246:Like every wealthy country, the 684:The 2019 graduation ceremony at 637: 626: 255:History of education in Missouri 245:History of education in Kentucky 10680: 10642:Pate, Natalie (June 29, 2022). 10615:Reed, Matt (October 19, 2013). 10167:. Washington Post. pp. A2. 8015:Ciotti, Paul (March 16, 1998). 7760:"Education Spending Statistics" 7709:. U.S. News & World Report. 7615:. Walletpop.com. Archived from 7570:"The U.S. Census Bureau (2010)" 6687: 6634: 6606: 6590:Toppo, Greg (January 8, 2009). 6583: 6521: 6480: 6453: 6427: 6402: 6377: 6287: 6272: 6253: 6230: 6208: 6180: 6152: 6136:. Washington Post. pp. A2. 6074: 6011: 5856: 5830: 5804: 5790: 5770: 5751: 5737: 5719: 5684: 5649: 5644:The Presidency of Barack Obama 5633: 5599:. June 27, 2002. Archived from 5585: 5571: 5544: 5517: 5500: 5488: 5439: 5412: 5385: 5366: 5351: 5338: 5329: 5297: 5270: 5242: 5191: 5188:(4 vol. 1911) covers each state 5178: 5137: 5119:"An early Yankee=April 1, 2005" 5092: 5035: 5010: 4999:. Pell Institute. p. 127. 4986: 4968: 4944: 4921: 4894: 4868: 4838: 4811: 4785: 4758: 4732: 4708: 4690: 4672: 4645: 4598: 4572: 4554:"U.S. college enrollment rates" 4546: 4512: 4486: 4472: 3429:Some schools are fast adopting 2998:voluntary regional associations 2558:Fashion Institute of Technology 2487:University of California system 1163: 1062:Oregon Compulsory Education Act 1044: 1021:and established in 1892 by the 863: 240:History of education in Chicago 15583:Education in the United States 14878:Federated States of Micronesia 14083:Separation of church and state 12299:National Reconnaissance Office 12242:President of the United States 11121:Education in the United States 10956:History of Education Quarterly 10814:Yale University Press. (1974). 10368:American Civil Liberties Union 10123:10.1080/00332747.1970.11023622 9573:KCUR 89.3 - NPR in Kansas City 9035:Lewin, Tamar (March 5, 2014). 8989:U.S. Department of Education. 8915:Chavez, Will (April 5, 2012). 8063:"McCleary v. Washington State" 7639:"College ROI 2013 Methodology" 7420:. Scheller College of Business 6318:Annual Review of Public Health 5811:Nagel, David (March 6, 2020). 5346:Teenagers: An American History 5279:The Catholic Historical Review 5150:History of Education Quarterly 4818:Will, Madeline (May 9, 2017). 4797:Digest of Education Statistics 4447: 4425: 4393: 4368: 4227:. Oecd.org. September 13, 2005 3919:Racial achievement differences 3622: 3455:In 2006, A survey reported by 2538:United States Military Academy 2473:schools; private universities 2283:is an optional final stage of 1686: 1226:National Governors Association 1023:National Education Association 575:Full-service community schools 74:Federal, state, local, private 13: 1: 11036:Harvard U. Pr., 1995. 184 pp. 10834:Brint, S., & Karabel, J. 10529:Geiser, Saul (October 2015). 9422:Michigan Capitol Confidential 9355:Ta, Linh (January 12, 2023). 8534:10.1080/00098655.2016.1156628 7844:. US Department of Education. 7727:, Spring 2008 / Vol. 8, No. 2 7108:The Christian Science Monitor 6904:. pp. 3B. Archived from 6082:"CAPE | Private School Facts" 5992:Fern, Deirdre (May 8, 2020). 5513:. April 19, 1990. p. 43. 4480:"CAPE – Private School Facts" 4207: 3907: 3862:Jones and Bartlett Publishers 3840:(formerly Thomson Learning), 3594:In 2015, 584,000 students in 3464: 3431:facial recognition technology 3154:Pennsylvania General Assembly 2937: 2842:Private university: $ 161,904 2719: 2566:Rhode Island School of Design 2485:; 1 of the 10 schools in the 1503:Remedial education in college 1464: 1388:decline in academic standards 1310: 1033:") followed by four years in 1029:(in what were also known as " 1002:Following Reconstruction the 15593:Society of the United States 12445:Government Publishing Office 11913:Technological and industrial 10845:Prentice-Hall, 1983. 379 pp. 10786: 10550:. Doe.mass.edu. June 5, 2002 9190:Family Planning Perspectives 9107:Family Planning Perspectives 8223:"College Admission Officers" 7894:Luke, Peter (May 27, 2008). 7000:U.S. News & World Report 6460:Kena, Grace (May 26, 2016). 5305:"Education: 6-4-4 Preferred" 4658:U.S. News & World Report 4639:U.S. News & World Report 4096:Berkeley Heights, New Jersey 3828:(including such imprints as 3792:Textbook review and adoption 3635:U.S. Department of Education 2839:Public university: $ 111,868 2835:Total, four-year schooling: 2429:U.S. News & World Report 2423:QS World University Rankings 2402:QS World University Rankings 2102: 1680:U.S. News & World Report 1480:increasingly more educated. 1140:Education Amendments of 1972 1096:The 1954 Supreme Court case 1070:Pierce v. Society of Sisters 792:U.S. News & World Report 762:middle or junior high school 7: 13917:Women's reproductive health 12883:Federally recognized tribes 12746:Public utilities commission 12650:Public Health Service Corps 12553:Code of Federal Regulations 12435:Congressional Budget Office 12289:Central Intelligence Agency 12195:Water supply and sanitation 11622:Declaration of Independence 10971:Edwin Mellen, 1998. 192 pp. 10364:"School-to-Prison Pipeline" 9953:"ESL Placement and Schools" 9789:Education and Urban Society 8688:. About.com. Archived from 7816:United States Census Bureau 7790:United States Census Bureau 7738:"Federal Role in Education" 7090:Structure of U.S. Education 6194:Thomas B. Fordham Institute 5920:Journal of Public Economics 5186:"A cyclopedia of education" 5108:, Retrieved on July 3, 2009 4117: 4035:Requiring students to take 3548: 3444: 3353: 3338:African American academics 3163: 2548:), art and design schools ( 2546:United States Naval Academy 2395: 2358:City University of New York 2273: 2265: 2257: 2249: 2241: 2233: 1239:During the 2010s, American 989:of 1862 and 1890 to set up 973:States passed laws to make 838:Economist Intelligence Unit 811:International Monetary Fund 748:By state law, education is 707:and by individuals through 699:, education is provided in 553:For-profit higher education 10: 15609: 13095:Red states and blue states 13000:City commission government 12995:Council–manager government 10730:W. W. Norton & Company 6108:"US Census Press Releases" 4845:Scafidi, Benjamin (2017). 4086:Reading and writing habits 3922: 3911: 3870:W. W. Norton & Company 3721: 3648: 3626: 3563:English-language education 3448: 3406:School safety and security 3362: 3208: 3081: 2918: 2770: 2723: 2465:Among the elite top forty 2399: 2153: 2123: 2084: 1625: 1522: 1468: 1381:The country has a reading 1289:University of Pennsylvania 1195:Every Student Succeeds Act 1104:In 1965, the far-reaching 1089:provided low-cost or free 922:, the Columbian School in 883:with programs designed by 856: 852: 506:School corporal punishment 14589: 14510: 14477:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 14377: 14366: 14178: 14173:Education in the Americas 14104: 13930: 13803: 13735: 13388: 13384: 13375: 13323: 13188: 13179: 13075: 13046: 13023: 12962: 12929: 12920: 12863: 12851:Comparison of governments 12826: 12789: 12766: 12682: 12662: 12593: 12531: 12453: 12376: 12234: 12225: 12221: 12212: 11934: 11925: 11870: 11830:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 11671:drafting and ratification 11644:Articles of Confederation 11557: 11491: 11482: 11403: 11389: 11128: 10720:Green, Elizabeth (2014). 10646:. Salem Statesman Journal 8593:(6): 8–15. Archived from 8409:"School Resource Officer" 8124:The Philadelphia Inquirer 6933:10.1007/s12115-015-9869-3 6646:www.nationsreportcard.gov 6436:"The Kindergarten Exodus" 5464:10.1080/01419870902780997 5452:Ethnic and Racial Studies 5433:10.1080/10656219509484824 5406:10.1080/00131728309335955 4952:"PISA - Results in Focus" 4025:school-to-prison pipeline 4019:School to prison pipeline 3846:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 3707:was plus or minus 4.7%.) 3602:, their native language. 3225: 3199: 3158:Pennsylvania Constitution 2994:Educational accreditation 2674:first professional degree 2582:Kentucky State University 2479:The University of Chicago 2460:selectivity in admissions 2380:, while others are small 2325:Universities and colleges 2218:, age 25 and over (2018) 2140:middle/junior high school 2081:Early childhood education 2017: 1988: 1962: 1952: 1945: 1884: 1849: 1784: 1777: 1475:In the 21st century, the 1403:Michigan State University 1087:National School Lunch Act 541:School-to-work transition 169: 159: 149: 144: 136: 128: 120: 112: 107: 99: 91: 83: 78: 70: 60: 55: 51:More than $ 11,000 (2005) 47: 39: 34: 14753:Central African Republic 14497:Turks and Caicos Islands 13870:Prescription drug prices 12990:Mayor–council government 12980:Coterminous municipality 12970:Consolidated city-county 12736:Agriculture commissioner 12386:House of Representatives 12294:National Security Agency 11944:Contiguous United States 11423:Northern Mariana Islands 10964:Routledge, 2001. 242 pp. 9969:10.1177/0895904807310034 9801:10.1177/0013124517747033 9755:10.3102/0162373713493315 9484:www.legislature.ohio.gov 8040:and Alfred A. Lindseth, 6312:Kolbe, Lloyd J. (2019). 6237:Education at Glance 2005 5705:10.1177/0031721715575307 5670:10.1177/0895904811425911 5335:Campbell, pp 78–9, 226–7 4875:Weinstein, Paul (2023). 4543:. Retrieved 31 May 2024. 3802:Texas Board of Education 3585:Northern Mariana Islands 3498:No Child Left Behind Act 3481:No Child Left Behind Act 3128: 3004:Funding for K–12 schools 2976:No Child Left Behind Act 2562:Parsons School of Design 2550:Berklee College of Music 2526:Brigham Young University 2366:Wichita State University 2362:University of Louisville 1694:Senate Finance Committee 1622:International comparison 1395:No Child Left Behind Act 1170:No Child Left Behind Act 1150:report, famously titled 1131:established funding for 773:Post-secondary education 644:United States portal 190:This article is part of 13955:Criticism of government 13300:Social welfare programs 12893:State-recognized tribes 11878:Outline of U.S. history 11590:Continental Association 10915:Kemp, Roger L. (2013). 10668:Sennholz, Hans F., ed. 10509:www.manhattanreview.com 10424:Kim, Catherine (2010). 10011:. NEA. December 3, 2008 9886:10.18251/ijme.v14i1.537 9728:" (The New Press, 1995) 9222:See especially Table 3. 8618:Ohio Value-Added Primer 8555:Williams, Mary (2015). 7307:The Wall Street Journal 6216:"Offsite Link from ECS" 4186:Outcome-based education 3424:school resource officer 3348:recent black immigrants 2766: 2586:for-profit universities 2075:nontraditional students 2061:nontraditional students 1592:United Church of Christ 1572:Unitarian Universalists 1301:University of Amsterdam 1297:Northwestern University 987:Morrill Land-Grant Acts 362:Education policy issues 331:Environmental education 14698:Bosnia and Herzegovina 14583:Education in the World 14412:British Virgin Islands 14017:Environmental movement 13860:Health insurance costs 13755:Educational attainment 13280:Federal Reserve System 13238:Science and technology 12741:Insurance commissioner 12279:Intelligence Community 11974:minor outlying islands 11737:Civil rights movement 10884:Praeger, 1996. 167 pp. 10591:"Length of School Day" 10258:Lynn, Richard (2008). 10225:Herrnstein, Richard J. 8883:. 2014. Archived from 8587:Educational Leadership 8391:www.schoolsecurity.org 7264:March 2, 2012, at the 6242:July 23, 2013, at the 6055:. U.S. Census Bureau. 5104:April 5, 2010, at the 4406:. OECD. Archived from 4352:. OECD. Archived from 4099: 3991:McKinsey & Company 3981: 3937: 3699:, varied more widely. 3664: 3492: 3400:Southern United States 3220: 3136:McCleary v. Washington 3050:adjusted for inflation 3033: 3025: 3017: 2934: 2915:Governance and funding 2805: 2794: 2786: 2744:vocational certificate 2341: 2211: 2196: 2172: 1713: 1649: 1538: 1477:educational attainment 1360: 1320: 819:gross domestic product 692: 499:Standards-based reform 474:Gender achievement gap 464:Racial achievement gap 397:Educational attainment 161:Post-secondary diploma 15443:São Tomé and Príncipe 15323:Saint Kitts and Nevis 15303:Republic of the Congo 14325:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13843:Immigrant health care 13358:Transportation safety 13353:Transportation policy 13343:Public transportation 12413:President pro tempore 12269:Executive departments 12038:National Park Service 11693:Territorial evolution 11123:by political division 10828:June 5, 2011, at the 10758:Brookings Institution 10466:Brookings Institution 10325:on September 22, 2013 9008:Pickover, Clifford A. 8581:Popham, W.J. (1999). 7949:Rural Education, 2011 7686:on September 23, 2013 6908:on February 24, 2013. 6559:"Literacy in America" 5551:Steven Brill (2011). 5524:Jesse Rhodes (2012). 5394:The Educational Forum 5125:on September 20, 2006 4909:. Nexstar Media Group 4287:on September 21, 2013 4283:. CIA. Archived from 4093: 4073:test multiple times. 3980: 3932: 3858:John Wiley & Sons 3842:McGraw-Hill Education 3658: 3472: 3390:who have reached the 3218: 3209:Further information: 3077:Judicial intervention 3031: 3023: 3011: 2932: 2800: 2792: 2780: 2590:University of Phoenix 2452:University of Florida 2400:Further information: 2382:liberal arts colleges 2378:research universities 2340:, established in 1853 2332: 2231:High school graduate 2209:Coral Gables, Florida 2207:, founded in 1925 in 2202: 2191:in the front row and 2181:University of Chicago 2178: 2168:, founded in 1955 in 2163: 1711: 1647: 1532: 1334: 1318: 1257:hybrid variant had a 683: 565:Research universities 432:Student financial aid 427:Graduate unemployment 402:Post-secondary issues 378:Primary and secondary 341:Mathematics education 15513:United Arab Emirates 14012:Environmental issues 13677:Political ideologies 13576:Indigenous languages 12776:List of legislatures 12573:separation of powers 12274:Independent agencies 12200:World Heritage Sites 11835:September 11 attacks 11758:Spanish–American War 11698:Mexican–American War 11654:Confederation period 11585:Continental Congress 11002:Solomon, Barbara M. 10858:Cremin, Lawrence A. 10848:Cremin, Lawrence A. 10776:A Fourth of a Nation 10674:The Freeman Classics 10299:on September 4, 2015 9711:. November 22, 2014. 9666:on September 6, 2013 9165:on November 27, 2005 7766:on November 12, 2011 7161:on November 6, 2014. 7006:on October 22, 2016. 6896:(October 19, 2009). 5890:World Economic Forum 5747:. December 11, 2016. 5375:The Phi Delta Kappan 5207:The Economic Journal 4500:on December 11, 2013 4281:"The World Factbook" 4132:United States portal 4056:Cost of taking tests 4031:Standardized testing 3972:institutional racism 3878:Flat World Knowledge 3718:LGBT curriculum laws 3673:Guttmacher Institute 3671:A 1999 study by the 3529:Value-added modeling 3491:, on January 8, 2002 3485:Hamilton High School 2905:credential inflation 2899:Credential inflation 2859:return on investment 2803:consumer price index 2638:professional degrees 2506:liberal arts schools 2447:The Princeton Review 1954:Vocational education 1947:Continuing education 1779:Compulsory education 1399:continuing education 1175:standardized testing 1142:made changes to the 1051:high school movement 1027:elementary education 1012:Booker T. Washington 975:schooling compulsory 633:Education portal 469:Desegregation busing 422:Elite overproduction 351:Vocational education 79:Literacy (2017 est.) 15478:Trinidad and Tobago 14618:Antigua and Barbuda 14502:U.S. Virgin Islands 14345:Trinidad and Tobago 14190:Antigua and Barbuda 13855:Health care finance 13348:Rail transportation 13114:Imperial presidency 12836:State constitutions 12781:List of legislators 12731:Auditor/Comptroller 12704:Lieutenant governor 12430:Library of Congress 12321:Diplomatic Security 11964:Indian reservations 11627:American Revolution 11433:U.S. Virgin Islands 11042:, & Hansot, E. 10817:Maurice R. Berube; 10801:James D. Anderson, 10505:"Retaking the Test" 10389:(99). Wiley: 9–15. 9082:on January 26, 2023 8948:on January 11, 2015 8921:Cherokeephoenix.org 7357:on October 31, 2006 6622:. September 6, 2013 6619:The Huffington Post 5603:on October 2, 2002. 5252:(SUNY Press, 1991). 4957:. OECD. p. 5. 4773:. Reason Foundation 3866:F. A. Davis Company 3577:U.S. Virgin Islands 3375:corporal punishment 3359:Corporal punishment 3173:Funding for college 2618:professional school 2354:counties and cities 2289:secondary education 2219: 2205:University of Miami 1975: 1748: 1570:degree followed by 1552:Pew Research Center 1451:U.S. adult literacy 1285:New York University 1281:Columbia University 1118:national curriculum 1058:land grant colleges 991:land grant colleges 948:Office of Education 844:coordinated by the 796:Nobel Prize winners 586:Levels of education 558:For-profit colleges 526:Foreign involvement 31: 14828:Dominican Republic 14255:Dominican Republic 13965:affirmative action 13938:Capital punishment 13897:Poverty and health 13892:Physician shortage 13865:Health care prices 13795:Standard of living 13478:standard of living 13285:Financial position 12912:Hawaiian home land 12900:Indian reservation 12873:Tribal sovereignty 12716:Secretary of state 12585:United States Code 12501:Territorial courts 12473:Associate Justices 12358:Inspector generals 11845:War in Afghanistan 11708:Reconstruction era 11575:Stamp Act Congress 11053:Veysey Lawrence R. 11029:and Cuban, Larry. 10974:Peterson, Paul E. 10939:* Krug, Edward A. 10687:Berliner, David C. 10484:The Daily Cardinal 10074:Melbourne, Florida 9957:Educational Policy 9709:The New York Times 9691:The New York Times 9605:. April 21, 2022. 9575:. April 11, 2022. 9456:. April 25, 2012. 9391:www.legis.iowa.gov 9332:. March 10, 2022. 9196:(5): 204–11, 265. 9041:The New York Times 8942:"Immersion School" 8692:on October 9, 2010 8665:on October 8, 2010 8639:on October 8, 2010 8397:on March 29, 2009. 8242:The New York Times 8204:The New York Times 6976:. January 24, 2015 6440:The New York Times 6114:on March 30, 2005. 5733:. August 25, 2018. 5731:The New York Times 5658:Educational Policy 5640:Jonathan Zimmerman 5620:The New York Times 5317:on August 26, 2010 5220:10.1111/ecoj.12624 5163:10.1017/heq.2018.3 5055:on August 28, 2019 4856:(Report). EdChoice 4680:"All Nobel Prizes" 4413:on August 28, 2019 4356:on August 12, 2019 4100: 4049:larger class sizes 4037:standardized tests 3982: 3938: 3689:sexual orientation 3665: 3589:language immersion 3567:Schools in the 50 3493: 3435:Human Rights Watch 3233:Overall admit rate 3221: 3205:Affirmative action 3088:U.S. Supreme Court 3034: 3026: 3018: 2968:Portfolio strategy 2935: 2806: 2795: 2787: 2598:Liberty University 2530:Yeshiva University 2514:Swarthmore College 2435:Washington Monthly 2342: 2315:legacy preferences 2255:Bachelor's degree 2214: 2212: 2197: 2173: 2113:Head Start program 1974: 1755:School Grade Level 1747: 1721:educational stages 1714: 1704:Educational stages 1650: 1539: 1361: 1321: 1293:Harvard University 1277:Fabrizio Zilibotti 1179:U.S. Supreme Court 1091:school lunch meals 918:founded the first 788:Harvard University 731:governments, with 717:standardized tests 693: 690:Pitman, New Jersey 686:Pitman High School 548:Community colleges 494:School segregation 412:Cost and financing 336:Language education 29: 15570: 15569: 14853:Equatorial Guinea 14549: 14548: 14140: 14139: 14100: 14099: 14096: 14095: 14066:National security 13775:Income inequality 13655:Statue of Liberty 13458:income inequality 13371: 13370: 13363:Trucking industry 13175: 13174: 13171: 13170: 13102:Foreign relations 13090:Electoral College 13071: 13070: 12859: 12858: 12811:District attorney 12658: 12657: 12485:Courts of appeals 12208: 12207: 11921: 11920: 11862:COVID-19 pandemic 11815:Feminist Movement 11661:American frontier 11580:Thirteen Colonies 11441: 11440: 10995:Sanders, James W 10926:978-0-7864-6399-2 10899:Herbst, Juergen. 10892:Herbst, Juergen. 10767:978-0-8157-0373-0 10739:978-0-393-08159-6 10712:978-0-385-53695-0 10435:978-0-8147-4844-2 10269:978-1-59368-028-2 10244:978-0-02-914673-6 9844:10.1111/aeq.12166 9021:978-1-4027-5796-9 8817:. August 25, 2015 7900:The Flint Journal 7576:on March 16, 2011 7499:on August 8, 2013 7466:Our World in Data 6414:rightstracker.org 5507:"U.S. spending". 5344:Grace Palladino, 4980:Pearson Education 4641:. April 19, 2023. 3946:African Americans 3874:SAGE Publications 3826:Pearson Education 3661:teenage pregnancy 3614:Cherokee language 3536:Content knowledge 3340:Henry Louis Gates 3323: 3322: 3104:Serrano v. Priest 3092:U.S. Constitution 2990:parochial schools 2871:student loan debt 2865:Student loan debt 2785:from 1950 to 2015 2654:doctorate degrees 2578:Howard University 2574:Morehouse College 2522:DePaul University 2456:brand recognition 2278: 2277: 2247:Associate degree 2041:postgraduate year 2026: 2025: 1972: 1971: 1786:Elementary school 1677:published by the 1596:American atheists 1438:conducted by the 1365:bachelor's degree 1248:COVID-19 pandemic 1241:student loan debt 1183:parochial schools 1133:special education 1110:Lyndon B. Johnson 1008:Tuskegee, Alabama 956:parochial schools 875:took the lead in 781:student loan debt 758:elementary school 713:State governments 678: 677: 531:Special education 521:Sexual harassment 314:Medical education 268:Curriculum topics 204: 184: 183: 151:Secondary diploma 132:15.3 million 124:34.1 million 116:49.4 million 108:Enrollment (2020) 61:Primary languages 16:(Redirected from 15600: 15268:Papua New Guinea 15133:Marshall Islands 14576: 14569: 14562: 14553: 14552: 14467:Saint Barthélemy 14427:Falkland Islands 14372: 14167: 14160: 14153: 14144: 14143: 14120: 14113: 14000:African American 13882:Health insurance 13770:Household income 13640:National symbols 13571:American English 13544:Federal holidays 13453:household income 13386: 13385: 13382: 13381: 13186: 13185: 13124:Anti-Americanism 13048:Special district 12975:Independent city 12944:County executive 12927: 12926: 12721:Attorney general 12680: 12679: 12669:Federal District 12252:Executive Office 12232: 12231: 12223: 12222: 12219: 12218: 11979:populated places 11959:federal enclaves 11954:federal district 11932: 11931: 11795:American Century 11778:Great Depression 11773:Roaring Twenties 11733:Women's suffrage 11612:Halifax Resolves 11605:Founding Fathers 11600:military history 11565:Pre-colonial era 11489: 11488: 11468: 11461: 11454: 11445: 11444: 11397:Washington, D.C. 11391:Federal district 11114: 11107: 11100: 11091: 11090: 11009:Theobald, Paul. 10981:Ravitch, Diane. 10938: 10774:Woodring, Paul. 10771: 10743: 10727: 10716: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10639: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10587: 10581: 10580: 10569: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10544: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10526: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10515: 10501: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10490: 10476: 10470: 10469: 10457: 10448: 10447: 10421: 10415: 10414: 10378: 10372: 10371: 10360: 10354: 10350: 10344: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10315: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10298: 10291: 10283: 10274: 10273: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10221: 10215: 10214: 10203:. Columbia U.P. 10194: 10188: 10187: 10180:Bilingual Review 10175: 10169: 10168: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10141: 10135: 10134: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10084: 10078: 10077: 10063: 10057: 10054: 10048: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10016: 10005: 9999: 9998: 9988: 9948: 9942: 9941: 9905: 9899: 9898: 9888: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9784: 9775: 9774: 9738: 9729: 9719: 9713: 9712: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9682: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9655: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9625: 9619: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9595: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9506: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9444: 9438: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9320: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9289: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9267: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9250: 9237: 9229: 9223: 9221: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9164: 9153: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9078:. 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July 27, 2017. 8365: 8356: 8355: 8344: 8338: 8337: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8291: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8262: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8225:. April 5, 2015. 8219: 8213: 8211: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8179:on July 16, 2010 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8114: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8067: 8059: 8053: 8038:Eric A. Hanushek 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8019:. Cato Institute 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7968: 7956: 7950: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7925: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7902:. Archived from 7891: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7874: 7861: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7734: 7728: 7717: 7711: 7710: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7660:Friedman, Zack. 7657: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7619:on July 26, 2018 7608: 7602: 7601: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7572:. Archived from 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7544: 7538: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7518: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7498: 7492:. Archived from 7491: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7414: 7408: 7407: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7278: 7269: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7239:on April 3, 2009 7229: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7162: 7157:. Archived from 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7128:LeClair, Mitch. 7125: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7019: 7008: 7007: 7002:. Archived from 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6964: 6958: 6951: 6945: 6944: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6875: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6855: 6848: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6823: 6816: 6808: 6802: 6801: 6794: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6750:Inside Higher Ed 6741: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6727: 6720:Hechinger Report 6711: 6705: 6698:Lawrence F. Katz 6691: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6674: 6667: 6659: 6650: 6649: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6570: 6563: 6555: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6512: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6431: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6333: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6276: 6270: 6257: 6251: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6226:on May 27, 2013. 6222:. Archived from 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6170: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6129: 6116: 6115: 6110:. Archived from 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6061: 6054: 6045: 6036: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5998:The Boston Globe 5989: 5972: 5971: 5965: 5957: 5951: 5949: 5935: 5911: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5892:. April 29, 2020 5882: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5693:Phi Delta Kappan 5688: 5682: 5681: 5653: 5647: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5504: 5498: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5475: 5458:(9): 1576–1598. 5443: 5437: 5436: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5370: 5364: 5355: 5349: 5342: 5336: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5274: 5268: 5264: 5253: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5222: 5204: 5195: 5189: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5165: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5121:. Archived from 5115: 5109: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5074: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5054: 5047: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5022: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5005: 4998: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4956: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4881: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4851: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4720: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4704:. June 25, 2013. 4694: 4688: 4687: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4631: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4496:. Archived from 4490: 4484: 4483: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4412: 4405: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4346: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4326: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4277: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4221: 4148: 4146:Education portal 4143: 4142: 4134: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4062:test preparation 4002:household income 3838:Cengage Learning 3819:American history 3573:Washington, D.C. 3556:Timothy Shanahan 3439:right to privacy 3373:countries where 3236:Black admit rate 3223: 3222: 3119:Abbott districts 2822:collegeboard.com 2815:health insurance 2676:. These include 2622:master's degrees 2608:Graduate degrees 2554:Juilliard School 2319:development case 2263:Master's degree 2220: 2213: 2150:Higher education 2030:held back a year 1980:Higher education 1976: 1973: 1769:Pre-kindergarten 1749: 1746: 1735:pre-kindergarten 1717:Formal education 1509:remedial courses 1412:, but after the 1358: 69.9–79.9% 1357: 1352: 80.0–84.9% 1351: 1346: 85.0–89.9% 1345: 1340: 90.0–90.4% 1339: 1153:A Nation at Risk 1019:Committee of Ten 996:Economic Journal 964:Blaine Amendment 939:statistical data 924:Concord, Vermont 916:Samuel Read Hall 881:public education 877:education reform 775:is divided into 670: 663: 656: 642: 641: 640: 631: 630: 570:Community school 489:Racial diversity 459:Achievement gaps 363: 225:in insular areas 207: 203:Education in the 202: 186: 185: 32: 28: 21: 15608: 15607: 15603: 15602: 15601: 15599: 15598: 15597: 15573: 15572: 15571: 15566: 15233:North Macedonia 14585: 14580: 14550: 14545: 14520:Central America 14506: 14381: 14373: 14364: 14181: 14174: 14171: 14141: 14136: 14123: 14116: 14109: 14092: 14078:Opioid epidemic 13995:Native American 13975:intersex rights 13926: 13922:Life expectancy 13912:Medical deserts 13902:Race and health 13799: 13785:Personal income 13731: 13635:National anthem 13468:personal income 13433:Economic issues 13367: 13319: 13167: 13067: 13056:School district 13042: 13025:Minor divisions 13019: 12958: 12916: 12855: 12841:Statutory codes 12822: 12785: 12762: 12672: 12667: 12654: 12589: 12546:civil liberties 12527: 12518:Other tribunals 12497:District courts 12449: 12408:current members 12391:current members 12372: 12306:Law enforcement 12204: 11917: 11866: 11857:Great Recession 11728:Progressive Era 11718:Native genocide 11649:Perpetual Union 11637:Treaty of Paris 11595:United Colonies 11553: 11478: 11472: 11442: 11437: 11399: 11385: 11124: 11118: 11069: 11064: 11040:Tyack, David B. 10927: 10880:Dorn, Sherman. 10830:Wayback Machine 10789: 10768: 10740: 10713: 10693:Goldstein, Dana 10683: 10665: 10663:Further reading 10660: 10659: 10649: 10647: 10640: 10636: 10626: 10624: 10613: 10609: 10599: 10597: 10589: 10588: 10584: 10571: 10570: 10563: 10553: 10551: 10546: 10545: 10541: 10533: 10527: 10523: 10513: 10511: 10503: 10502: 10498: 10488: 10486: 10478: 10477: 10473: 10458: 10451: 10436: 10422: 10418: 10379: 10375: 10362: 10361: 10357: 10351: 10347: 10342: 10338: 10328: 10326: 10317: 10316: 10312: 10302: 10300: 10296: 10289: 10285: 10284: 10277: 10270: 10256: 10252: 10245: 10229:Murray, Charles 10222: 10218: 10211: 10195: 10191: 10176: 10172: 10165:Washington Post 10161: 10157: 10142: 10138: 10107: 10103: 10093: 10091: 10086: 10085: 10081: 10064: 10060: 10055: 10051: 10041: 10039: 10028: 10024: 10014: 10012: 10007: 10006: 10002: 9949: 9945: 9906: 9902: 9863: 9859: 9828: 9824: 9785: 9778: 9739: 9732: 9722:James W. Loewen 9720: 9716: 9703: 9702: 9698: 9683: 9679: 9669: 9667: 9658:Blake, Mariah. 9656: 9652: 9642: 9640: 9627: 9626: 9622: 9612: 9610: 9597: 9596: 9592: 9582: 9580: 9567: 9566: 9562: 9552: 9550: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9526: 9524: 9507: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9478: 9477: 9473: 9463: 9461: 9446: 9445: 9441: 9431: 9429: 9414: 9410: 9400: 9398: 9385: 9384: 9380: 9370: 9368: 9353: 9349: 9339: 9337: 9322: 9321: 9317: 9307: 9305: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9268: 9264: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9235: 9231: 9230: 9226: 9202:10.2307/2648173 9182: 9178: 9168: 9166: 9162: 9151: 9147: 9146: 9142: 9119:10.2307/2648174 9099: 9095: 9085: 9083: 9068: 9064: 9050: 9048: 9033: 9029: 9022: 9005: 9001: 8993: 8987: 8983: 8973: 8971: 8966: 8965: 8961: 8951: 8949: 8940: 8939: 8935: 8925: 8923: 8913: 8909: 8904: 8900: 8890: 8888: 8875: 8874: 8870: 8860: 8858: 8849: 8848: 8844: 8835: 8834: 8830: 8820: 8818: 8807: 8806: 8802: 8791: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8763: 8759: 8751: 8740: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8709: 8705: 8695: 8693: 8682: 8678: 8668: 8666: 8657: 8656: 8652: 8642: 8640: 8631: 8630: 8626: 8615: 8614: 8610: 8600: 8598: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8553: 8549: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8482:Reader's Digest 8479: 8475: 8465: 8463: 8458: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8433: 8432: 8428: 8418: 8416: 8407: 8406: 8402: 8385: 8384: 8380: 8367: 8366: 8359: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8334: 8318: 8314: 8304: 8302: 8292: 8285: 8275: 8273: 8263: 8256: 8246: 8244: 8234: 8230: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8196: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8173:"Student Loans" 8171: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8143: 8139: 8129: 8127: 8115: 8111: 8101: 8099: 8084: 8080: 8072: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8013: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7985: 7981: 7973: 7966: 7958: 7957: 7953: 7948: 7944: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7926: 7919: 7909: 7907: 7906:on May 31, 2008 7892: 7888: 7878: 7876: 7872: 7859: 7853: 7849: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7821: 7819: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7743: 7741: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7718: 7714: 7703: 7699: 7689: 7687: 7678: 7677: 7673: 7658: 7654: 7644: 7642: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7609: 7605: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7579: 7577: 7568: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7546: 7545: 7541: 7531: 7529: 7528:on June 3, 2006 7520: 7519: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7496: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7470: 7468: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7438: 7437: 7433: 7423: 7421: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7396: 7392: 7382: 7380: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7298: 7294: 7289:. pp. 20A. 7287:Washington Post 7279: 7272: 7266:Wayback Machine 7256: 7252: 7242: 7240: 7231: 7230: 7226: 7216: 7214: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7126: 7122: 7112: 7110: 7100: 7096: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7054: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7020: 7011: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6966: 6965: 6961: 6952: 6948: 6917: 6913: 6902:Washington Post 6891: 6887: 6876: 6869: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6846: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6796: 6795: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6742: 6738: 6725: 6723: 6712: 6708: 6692: 6688: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6665: 6661: 6660: 6653: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6588: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6557: 6556: 6549: 6539: 6537: 6526: 6522: 6506: 6505: 6498: 6496: 6485: 6481: 6471: 6469: 6458: 6454: 6444: 6442: 6432: 6428: 6418: 6416: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6393: 6391: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6354: 6347: 6310: 6306: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6277: 6273: 6258: 6254: 6244:Wayback Machine 6235: 6231: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6199: 6197: 6185: 6181: 6168: 6166: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6145: 6141: 6134:Washington Post 6130: 6119: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6086:www.capenet.org 6080: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6046: 6039: 6029: 6027: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5990: 5975: 5959: 5958: 5947: 5945: 5912: 5905: 5895: 5893: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5866:. June 22, 2019 5862: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5809: 5805: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5756: 5752: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5689: 5685: 5654: 5650: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5612: 5608: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5549: 5545: 5538: 5522: 5518: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5444: 5440: 5417: 5413: 5390: 5386: 5371: 5367: 5363:(2006) pp 258–9 5356: 5352: 5343: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5256: 5247: 5243: 5235: 5213:(617): 62–109. 5202: 5196: 5192: 5183: 5179: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5106:Wayback Machine 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5076: 5075: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5043:"United States" 5041: 5040: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5003: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4961: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4926: 4922: 4912: 4910: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4829: 4827: 4816: 4812: 4802: 4800: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4633: 4632: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4401:"United States" 4399: 4398: 4394: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4350:"United States" 4348: 4347: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4313: 4307: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4279: 4278: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4247: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4088: 4058: 4045:food insecurity 4033: 4021: 3987: 3985:Economic impact 3927: 3921: 3916: 3910: 3886: 3794: 3779:In April 2022, 3726: 3720: 3705:margin of error 3653: 3647: 3631: 3625: 3610:Cherokee Nation 3607:Native American 3598:were taught in 3565: 3551: 3538: 3467: 3458:Reader's Digest 3453: 3447: 3408: 3392:age of majority 3367: 3361: 3356: 3213: 3207: 3202: 3175: 3166: 3131: 3115:Abbott v. Burke 3084: 3079: 3014:school district 3006: 2980:Race to the Top 2940: 2927: 2917: 2901: 2893:grade inflation 2883: 2867: 2775: 2769: 2735:junior colleges 2728: 2722: 2610: 2518:Barnard College 2412: 2398: 2327: 2285:formal learning 2185:nuclear reactor 2158: 2152: 2128: 2122: 2105: 2089: 2083: 2021: 2019:Graduate school 1964:Adult education 1742:ordinal numbers 1728:summer vacation 1706: 1689: 1630: 1624: 1616:college degrees 1560:American Hindus 1558:. About 77% of 1550:According to a 1548: 1527: 1521: 1519:Sex differences 1513:grade inflation 1505: 1473: 1467: 1430:Resulting from 1414:Great Recession 1359: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1313: 1214:Race to the Top 1202:Great Recession 1166: 1047: 1031:grammar schools 968:James G. Blaine 906:was far behind 866: 861: 855: 831:charter schools 754:private schools 705:private schools 674: 638: 636: 635: 625: 599:Early childhood 581: 516:School violence 449:Charter schools 361: 355: 324:Nursing degrees 302:Legal education 297:Music education 292:Civic education 230:By subject area 205: 201: 179:graduate school 176: 174: 140:19 million 56:General details 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15606: 15596: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15568: 15567: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15518:United Kingdom 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15465: 15460: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15440: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15200: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14803:Czech Republic 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14725: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14587: 14586: 14579: 14578: 14571: 14564: 14556: 14547: 14546: 14544: 14543: 14536: 14534: 14529: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14511: 14508: 14507: 14505: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14482:Sint Eustatius 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14417:Cayman Islands 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14388: 14386: 14375: 14374: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14186: 14184: 14176: 14175: 14170: 14169: 14162: 14155: 14147: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14134: 14129: 14122: 14121: 14114: 14106: 14105: 14102: 14101: 14098: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14091: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14074: 14073: 14063: 14062: 14061: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14034:Mass shootings 14031: 14026: 14025: 14024: 14022:Climate change 14019: 14009: 14004: 14003: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13960:Discrimination 13957: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13940: 13934: 13932: 13928: 13927: 13925: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13873: 13872: 13867: 13862: 13852: 13851: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13815: 13809: 13807: 13801: 13800: 13798: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13750:American Dream 13747: 13741: 13739: 13733: 13732: 13730: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13717:Transportation 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13650:Mount Rushmore 13647: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13621: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13590: 13585: 13584: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13547: 13546: 13536: 13531: 13530: 13529: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13508: 13507: 13502: 13492: 13491: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13394: 13392: 13379: 13373: 13372: 13369: 13368: 13366: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13329: 13327: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13270:Federal budget 13267: 13262: 13257: 13256: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13208:Communications 13205: 13200: 13189: 13183: 13177: 13176: 13173: 13172: 13169: 13168: 13166: 13165: 13160: 13159: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13129:exceptionalism 13126: 13116: 13111: 13110: 13109: 13107:foreign policy 13099: 13098: 13097: 13092: 13082: 13076: 13073: 13072: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13063: 13052: 13050: 13044: 13043: 13041: 13040: 13035: 13029: 13027: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12966: 12964: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12935: 12933: 12924: 12918: 12917: 12915: 12914: 12909: 12908: 12907: 12897: 12896: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12875: 12869: 12867: 12861: 12860: 12857: 12856: 12854: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12832: 12830: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12820: 12819: 12818: 12808: 12807: 12806: 12804:Chief justices 12799:Supreme courts 12795: 12793: 12787: 12786: 12784: 12783: 12778: 12772: 12770: 12764: 12763: 12761: 12760: 12759: 12758: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12712: 12711: 12701: 12700: 12699: 12688: 12686: 12677: 12660: 12659: 12656: 12655: 12653: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12641: 12640: 12638:National Guard 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12599: 12597: 12591: 12590: 12588: 12587: 12582: 12581: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12555: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12541:Bill of Rights 12537: 12535: 12529: 12528: 12526: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12514: 12513: 12511:list of judges 12508: 12506:list of courts 12494: 12493: 12492: 12490:list of judges 12482: 12481: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12459: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12425:Capitol Police 12422: 12421: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12400: 12399: 12398: 12393: 12382: 12380: 12374: 12373: 12371: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12354: 12353: 12348: 12346:Secret Service 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12303: 12302: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12259:Vice President 12256: 12255: 12254: 12249: 12238: 12236: 12229: 12216: 12210: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12047: 12046: 12045: 12043:National Parks 12035: 12034: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12003: 11998: 11996:Extreme points 11993: 11988: 11987: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11966: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11935: 11929: 11923: 11922: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11874: 11872: 11868: 11867: 11865: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11853: 11852: 11847: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11791: 11790: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11754: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11683:Federalist Era 11680: 11679: 11678: 11676:Bill of Rights 11673: 11663: 11658: 11657: 11656: 11651: 11641: 11640: 11639: 11634: 11624: 11619: 11617:Lee Resolution 11614: 11609: 11608: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11567: 11561: 11559: 11555: 11554: 11552: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11495: 11493: 11486: 11480: 11479: 11477: articles 11471: 11470: 11463: 11456: 11448: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11413:American Samoa 11409: 11407: 11401: 11400: 11395: 11393: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11331:South Carolina 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11296:North Carolina 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11132: 11130: 11126: 11125: 11117: 11116: 11109: 11102: 11094: 11088: 11087: 11081: 11075: 11068: 11067:External links 11065: 11063: 11062: 11050: 11037: 11024: 11017:David B. Tyack 11014: 11007: 11000: 10993: 10988:Rury, John L. 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10948: 10925: 10912: 10897: 10890: 10885: 10878: 10871: 10856: 10846: 10839: 10832: 10823:online version 10815: 10808: 10798: 10788: 10785: 10784: 10783: 10772: 10766: 10748:Hanushek, Eric 10744: 10738: 10717: 10711: 10689: 10682: 10679: 10678: 10677: 10664: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10634: 10607: 10582: 10579:. May 6, 2009. 10577:Spiegel Online 10561: 10539: 10521: 10496: 10471: 10449: 10434: 10416: 10373: 10355: 10345: 10336: 10310: 10275: 10268: 10250: 10243: 10216: 10210:978-0231143530 10209: 10189: 10170: 10155: 10136: 10117:(2): 145–173. 10101: 10079: 10076:. pp. 7A. 10058: 10049: 10036:Education Week 10022: 10000: 9963:(2): 355–384. 9943: 9916:(4): 629–653. 9900: 9857: 9838:(4): 366–384. 9822: 9795:(5): 712–736. 9776: 9749:(4): 395–412. 9730: 9714: 9696: 9677: 9650: 9620: 9590: 9560: 9534: 9501: 9471: 9439: 9408: 9378: 9347: 9315: 9284: 9262: 9224: 9176: 9140: 9093: 9076:Education Week 9062: 9027: 9020: 8999: 8981: 8959: 8933: 8907: 8898: 8868: 8842: 8828: 8800: 8785: 8757: 8745:Education Week 8729: 8703: 8676: 8650: 8624: 8608: 8573: 8547: 8512: 8487: 8473: 8451: 8426: 8415:on May 7, 2010 8400: 8378: 8357: 8339: 8332: 8312: 8283: 8254: 8228: 8214: 8190: 8164: 8137: 8109: 8078: 8054: 8050:978-0691130002 8030: 8007: 7979: 7951: 7942: 7917: 7886: 7865:Cato Institute 7847: 7829: 7818:. May 11, 2020 7803: 7792:. May 18, 2021 7777: 7751: 7729: 7725:Education Next 7712: 7697: 7671: 7652: 7641:. Payscale.com 7630: 7611:Crowe, Aaron. 7603: 7587: 7561: 7539: 7510: 7478: 7453: 7431: 7409: 7390: 7368: 7342: 7320: 7292: 7270: 7250: 7224: 7202: 7176: 7164: 7146: 7120: 7094: 7082: 7062:Education Week 7048: 7028:Education Week 7009: 6987: 6959: 6946: 6927:(2): 122–128. 6911: 6885: 6867: 6835: 6803: 6784: 6762: 6736: 6706: 6694:Claudia Goldin 6686: 6651: 6633: 6605: 6594:. Usatoday.com 6582: 6547: 6520: 6493:thejournal.com 6479: 6452: 6426: 6401: 6376: 6345: 6304: 6286: 6271: 6252: 6229: 6207: 6179: 6151: 6139: 6117: 6099: 6073: 6037: 6010: 5973: 5933:10.3386/w28264 5903: 5877: 5855: 5843:Education Week 5829: 5803: 5789: 5769: 5750: 5736: 5718: 5683: 5664:(1): 136–159. 5648: 5632: 5606: 5584: 5581:. May 3, 2006. 5570: 5563: 5543: 5537:978-0801464669 5536: 5516: 5499: 5487: 5438: 5411: 5400:(2): 135–149. 5384: 5365: 5357:Steven Mintz, 5350: 5337: 5328: 5296: 5269: 5254: 5241: 5190: 5177: 5156:(2): 199–228. 5136: 5110: 5091: 5066: 5034: 5009: 4985: 4967: 4943: 4920: 4893: 4867: 4837: 4824:Education Week 4810: 4784: 4757: 4731: 4707: 4689: 4684:NobelPrize.org 4671: 4644: 4623: 4597: 4571: 4560:on May 6, 2021 4545: 4533: 4511: 4485: 4471: 4446: 4424: 4392: 4367: 4338: 4298: 4267: 4238: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4151: 4150: 4149: 4135: 4119: 4116: 4087: 4084: 4057: 4054: 4032: 4029: 4020: 4017: 3986: 3983: 3923:Main article: 3920: 3917: 3912:Main article: 3909: 3906: 3885: 3882: 3830:Addison-Wesley 3793: 3790: 3774:South Carolina 3722:Main article: 3719: 3716: 3649:Main article: 3646: 3643: 3627:Main article: 3624: 3621: 3564: 3561: 3550: 3547: 3537: 3534: 3489:Hamilton, Ohio 3477:George W. Bush 3474:U.S. President 3466: 3463: 3449:Main article: 3446: 3443: 3407: 3404: 3363:Main article: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3130: 3127: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3058:Proposition 13 3005: 3002: 2939: 2936: 2916: 2913: 2900: 2897: 2888:Uni in the USA 2882: 2879: 2866: 2863: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2768: 2765: 2748:skilled trades 2724:Main article: 2721: 2718: 2609: 2606: 2397: 2394: 2334:Brookings Hall 2326: 2323: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2195:in the second 2154:Main article: 2151: 2148: 2124:Main article: 2121: 2120:K–12 education 2118: 2104: 2101: 2085:Main article: 2082: 2079: 2057:adult learners 2024: 2023: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1705: 1702: 1698:Bernie Sanders 1688: 1685: 1623: 1620: 1547: 1544: 1523:Main article: 1520: 1517: 1504: 1501: 1469:Main article: 1466: 1463: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1312: 1309: 1165: 1162: 1114:War on poverty 1101:in the South. 1066:public schools 1046: 1043: 977:between 1852 ( 931:Reconstruction 889:normal schools 865: 862: 857:Main article: 854: 851: 815:United Nations 676: 675: 673: 672: 665: 658: 650: 647: 646: 622: 621: 620: 619: 614: 611:Post-secondary 588: 587: 583: 582: 580: 579: 578: 577: 567: 562: 561: 560: 550: 545: 544: 543: 536:Apprenticeship 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 502: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 441: 440: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 399: 394: 387: 386: 385: 383:Post-secondary 380: 369: 366: 365: 357: 356: 354: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 327: 326: 321: 319:Medical school 311: 310: 309: 299: 294: 289: 284: 282:Normal schools 279: 273: 270: 269: 265: 264: 263: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 215: 214: 210: 209: 197: 196: 182: 181: 167: 166: 163: 157: 156: 153: 147: 146: 142: 141: 138: 137:Post secondary 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 41: 37: 36: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15605: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15580: 15578: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15523:United States 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 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15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15088:Liechtenstein 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14943:Guinea-Bissau 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14819: 14816: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14806: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 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14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14385: 14380: 14376: 14371: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14350:United States 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14187: 14185: 14183: 14177: 14168: 14163: 14161: 14156: 14154: 14149: 14148: 14145: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14124: 14119: 14115: 14112: 14108: 14107: 14103: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14072: 14069: 14068: 14067: 14064: 14060: 14057: 14056: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14014: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14007:Energy policy 14005: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13962: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13949: 13948:incarceration 13946: 13945: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13929: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13857: 13856: 13853: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13833:Prenatal care 13831: 13829: 13828:Birth control 13826: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13810: 13808: 13806: 13802: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13765:Homeownership 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13738: 13734: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13595: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13568: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13545: 13542: 13541: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13528: 13525: 13524: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13497: 13496: 13493: 13489: 13488:working class 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13448:homeownership 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13435: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13395: 13393: 13391: 13387: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13374: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13326: 13322: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13228:Manufacturing 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13195: 13194: 13191: 13190: 13187: 13184: 13182: 13178: 13164: 13161: 13157: 13156:Third parties 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13142: 13139: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13121: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13108: 13105: 13104: 13103: 13100: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13087: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13077: 13074: 13062: 13059: 13058: 13057: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13049: 13045: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13026: 13022: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12967: 12965: 12961: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12932: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12919: 12913: 12910: 12906: 12903: 12902: 12901: 12898: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12870: 12868: 12866: 12862: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12825: 12817: 12814: 12813: 12812: 12809: 12805: 12802: 12801: 12800: 12797: 12796: 12794: 12792: 12788: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12771: 12769: 12765: 12757: 12754: 12753: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12710: 12707: 12706: 12705: 12702: 12698: 12695: 12694: 12693: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12670: 12665: 12661: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12592: 12586: 12583: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12560: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12547: 12544: 12543: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12534: 12530: 12524: 12523:U.S. attorney 12521: 12519: 12516: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12502: 12498: 12495: 12491: 12488: 12487: 12486: 12483: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12468:Chief Justice 12466: 12465: 12464: 12463:Supreme Court 12461: 12460: 12458: 12456: 12452: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12405: 12404: 12401: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12387: 12384: 12383: 12381: 12379: 12375: 12369: 12368:Public policy 12366: 12364: 12363:Civil service 12361: 12359: 12356: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12308: 12307: 12304: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12244: 12243: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12211: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12145: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12052: 12051: 12048: 12044: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12031:Sierra Nevada 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11969:insular zones 11967: 11965: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11941: 11940: 11937: 11936: 11933: 11930: 11928: 11924: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11869: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11841: 11840:War on Terror 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11820:LGBT Movement 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11789: 11786: 11785: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11668: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11642: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11629: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11572: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11556: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11496: 11494: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11481: 11476: 11475:United States 11469: 11464: 11462: 11457: 11455: 11450: 11449: 11446: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11392: 11388: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11371:West Virginia 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11276:New Hampshire 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11236:Massachusetts 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11133: 11131: 11127: 11122: 11115: 11110: 11108: 11103: 11101: 11096: 11095: 11092: 11085: 11082: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11060: 11058: 11054: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11041: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11028: 11025: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11012: 11008: 11005: 11001: 10998: 10994: 10991: 10987: 10984: 10980: 10977: 10973: 10970: 10966: 10963: 10959: 10957: 10953: 10950:Lucas, C. J. 10949: 10946: 10942: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10922: 10918: 10913: 10910: 10909:1-4039-7302-4 10906: 10902: 10898: 10895: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10883: 10879: 10876: 10873:Curti, M. E. 10872: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10847: 10844: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10813: 10809: 10806: 10805: 10800: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10795: 10781: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10763: 10759: 10755: 10754: 10749: 10745: 10741: 10735: 10731: 10726: 10725: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10699: 10694: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10675: 10672:, in series, 10671: 10667: 10666: 10645: 10638: 10622: 10621:Florida Today 10618: 10611: 10596: 10592: 10586: 10578: 10574: 10568: 10566: 10549: 10543: 10532: 10525: 10510: 10506: 10500: 10489:September 27, 10485: 10481: 10475: 10467: 10463: 10456: 10454: 10445: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10427: 10420: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10395:10.1002/yd.51 10392: 10388: 10384: 10377: 10369: 10365: 10359: 10349: 10340: 10329:September 21, 10324: 10320: 10314: 10303:September 21, 10295: 10288: 10282: 10280: 10271: 10265: 10261: 10254: 10246: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10212: 10206: 10202: 10201: 10193: 10186:(2): 106–107. 10185: 10181: 10174: 10166: 10159: 10151: 10147: 10140: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10105: 10089: 10083: 10075: 10071: 10070: 10069:Florida Today 10062: 10053: 10042:September 21, 10037: 10033: 10026: 10015:September 21, 10010: 10004: 9996: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9947: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9904: 9896: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9878: 9874: 9873: 9868: 9861: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9783: 9781: 9772: 9768: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9744: 9737: 9735: 9727: 9723: 9718: 9710: 9706: 9700: 9692: 9688: 9681: 9670:September 21, 9665: 9661: 9654: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9624: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9594: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9564: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9512: 9505: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9454: 9449: 9443: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9412: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9382: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9351: 9335: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9319: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9288: 9273: 9266: 9255:September 21, 9247: 9243: 9242: 9234: 9228: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9161: 9157: 9150: 9144: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9097: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9066: 9059: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9031: 9023: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9003: 8992: 8985: 8974:September 21, 8969: 8963: 8947: 8943: 8937: 8922: 8918: 8911: 8902: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8872: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8838: 8832: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8804: 8796: 8789: 8774: 8773: 8768: 8761: 8750: 8746: 8739: 8733: 8718: 8714: 8707: 8691: 8687: 8680: 8664: 8660: 8654: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8620: 8619: 8612: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8562: 8558: 8551: 8543: 8539: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8516: 8501: 8497: 8491: 8484: 8483: 8477: 8461: 8455: 8440: 8436: 8430: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8382: 8374: 8370: 8364: 8362: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8335: 8333:9780275996680 8329: 8325: 8324: 8316: 8301: 8297: 8290: 8288: 8272: 8268: 8261: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8224: 8218: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8194: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8153:. pp. 6B 8152: 8148: 8141: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8113: 8102:September 13, 8097: 8093: 8089: 8082: 8071: 8064: 8058: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8034: 8018: 8011: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7983: 7972: 7965: 7963: 7955: 7946: 7930: 7924: 7922: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7890: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7858: 7851: 7843: 7839: 7833: 7817: 7813: 7807: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7744:September 21, 7739: 7733: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7708: 7701: 7690:September 21, 7685: 7681: 7675: 7667: 7663: 7656: 7645:September 21, 7640: 7634: 7623:September 21, 7618: 7614: 7607: 7599: 7598: 7591: 7575: 7571: 7565: 7554:September 21, 7549: 7543: 7532:September 21, 7527: 7523: 7517: 7515: 7503:September 21, 7495: 7488: 7482: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7441: 7435: 7419: 7413: 7405: 7401: 7394: 7378: 7372: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7330: 7324: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7277: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7254: 7243:September 21, 7238: 7234: 7228: 7217:September 21, 7213:. Nces.ed.gov 7212: 7206: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7173: 7168: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7135: 7131: 7124: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7091: 7086: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7052: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6975: 6974: 6973:The Economist 6969: 6963: 6956: 6950: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6889: 6881: 6874: 6872: 6852: 6845: 6839: 6828:September 21, 6820: 6813: 6807: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6772: 6766: 6751: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6721: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6690: 6671: 6664: 6658: 6656: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6609: 6598:September 21, 6593: 6586: 6567: 6560: 6554: 6552: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6516: 6510: 6495:. The Journal 6494: 6490: 6483: 6467: 6463: 6456: 6441: 6437: 6430: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6365: 6364: 6359: 6352: 6350: 6341: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6308: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6282: 6275: 6268: 6267: 6266:Science Daily 6262: 6256: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6233: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6148: 6143: 6135: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6058: 6051: 6044: 6042: 6025: 6024:news.yale.edu 6021: 6014: 5999: 5995: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5969: 5963: 5956: 5943: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5908: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5865: 5859: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5818: 5814: 5807: 5799: 5793: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5754: 5746: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5621: 5617: 5610: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5580: 5574: 5566: 5564:9781451611991 5560: 5556: 5555: 5547: 5539: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5520: 5512: 5511: 5510:Rolling Stone 5503: 5497: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5442: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5381:(6): 391–394. 5380: 5376: 5369: 5362: 5361: 5354: 5347: 5341: 5332: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5251: 5245: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5184:Paul Monroe, 5181: 5173: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5095: 5079: 5073: 5071: 5051: 5044: 5038: 5019: 5013: 5002: 4995: 4989: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4960: 4953: 4947: 4931: 4924: 4908: 4904: 4897: 4878: 4871: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4825: 4821: 4814: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4724: 4717: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4648: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4612: 4608: 4601: 4586: 4582: 4575: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4542: 4537: 4522:. nces.ed.gov 4521: 4515: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4481: 4475: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4434: 4428: 4409: 4402: 4396: 4377: 4371: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4305: 4303: 4291:September 21, 4286: 4282: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4255: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4231:September 21, 4226: 4220: 4218: 4213: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4155:College Board 4153: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4136: 4133: 4122: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4097: 4092: 4083: 4080: 4079:College Board 4074: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4016: 4013: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3992: 3979: 3975: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3915: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3834:Prentice Hall 3831: 3827: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3800:In 2010, the 3798: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3710:According to 3708: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3645:Sex education 3642: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3557: 3546: 3544: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3462: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3239:% difference 3238: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3217: 3212: 3197: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3142:In 2023, the 3140: 3138: 3137: 3126: 3124: 3123:Eric Hanushek 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3074: 3070: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3053: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3030: 3022: 3015: 3010: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2964:school boards 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2885:According to 2878: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2799: 2791: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2742:, A.S., or a 2741: 2736: 2732: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2483:Johns Hopkins 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2418: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2270: 2269: 2262: 2261: 2254: 2253: 2246: 2245: 2239:Some college 2238: 2237: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2097:kindergartens 2094: 2088: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1851:Middle school 1848: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1740:In the U.S., 1738: 1736: 1731: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1710: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1675:a 2016 report 1673:According to 1671: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1629: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1608:post-graduate 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1588:Presbyterians 1585: 1584:Episcopalians 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1568:post-graduate 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1543: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1384: 1383:literacy rate 1379: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1317: 1308: 1306: 1305:endemic phase 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1268: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1127:In 1975, the 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 998: 997: 992: 988: 984: 980: 979:Massachusetts 976: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 952: 949: 945: 944:Massachusetts 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 920:normal school 917: 912: 909: 905: 901: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 873:Massachusetts 870: 860: 850: 847: 843: 839: 836:In 2014, the 834: 832: 826: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 746: 743: 740: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 709:homeschooling 706: 702: 698: 697:United States 691: 687: 682: 671: 666: 664: 659: 657: 652: 651: 649: 648: 645: 634: 629: 624: 623: 618: 617:Organizations 615: 613: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 591: 590: 589: 585: 584: 576: 573: 572: 571: 568: 566: 563: 559: 556: 555: 554: 551: 549: 546: 542: 539: 538: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 484:School choice 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 445: 442: 438: 437:Student loans 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 417:Credentialism 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 404: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 392: 388: 384: 381: 379: 376: 375: 374: 373:Accreditation 371: 370: 368: 367: 364: 359: 358: 352: 349: 347: 346:Sex education 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 315: 312: 308: 305: 304: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 287:Art education 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 272: 271: 267: 266: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 222: 219: 218: 217: 216: 212: 211: 208: 206:United States 199: 198: 195: 193: 188: 187: 180: 173: 168: 164: 162: 158: 154: 152: 148: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 77: 73: 69: 66: 63: 59: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 33: 27: 19: 15522: 15493:Turkmenistan 15393:South Africa 15368:Sierra Leone 15348:Saudi Arabia 14723:Burkina Faso 14538: 14487:Sint Maarten 14472:Saint Martin 14379:Dependencies 14349: 14049:Human rights 14029:Gun politics 13980:Islamophobia 13970:antisemitism 13838:Hospice care 13780:Middle class 13760:Homelessness 13737:Social class 13697:Social class 13561:Human rights 13551:Homelessness 13494: 13463:middle class 13428:Demographics 13403:Architecture 13310:Unemployment 13290:Labor unions 13038:Town meeting 13015:City council 13010:City manager 12751:State police 12613:Marine Corps 12603:Armed Forces 12578:civil rights 12558:Constitution 12130:Southwestern 12125:Southeastern 12115:Northwestern 12110:Northeastern 12075:Mid-Atlantic 12065:Great Plains 11783:World War II 11666:Constitution 11570:Colonial era 11549:2008–present 11428:Puerto Rico 11336:South Dakota 11326:Rhode Island 11321:Pennsylvania 11301:North Dakota 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Retrieved 4157:examinations 4112: 4108: 4101: 4098:in June 2012 4075: 4059: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3969: 3961:Lino Graglia 3958: 3943: 3939: 3902: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3823: 3815:mythologized 3799: 3795: 3778: 3732:, including 3727: 3709: 3701: 3693:sexual abuse 3670: 3666: 3632: 3618: 3604: 3593: 3566: 3552: 3539: 3525:intelligence 3521: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3494: 3479:signing the 3456: 3454: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3396: 3368: 3344:Lani Guinier 3337: 3326: 3324: 3191: 3185:, under the 3176: 3167: 3147: 3141: 3134: 3132: 3108: 3085: 3071: 3063: 3054: 3046: 3043: 3035: 2984: 2974:such as the 2972: 2941: 2902: 2886: 2884: 2868: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2834: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2729: 2710:architecture 2670:dissertation 2611: 2510:Reed College 2503: 2467:domestically 2464: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2413: 2386:nonsectarian 2351: 2347:professional 2343: 2302: 2293:universities 2279: 2189:Enrico Fermi 2187:, including 2137: 2133: 2129: 2106: 2090: 2068: 2065: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2034: 2027: 1984:Grade level 1791:Kindergarten 1739: 1732: 1725: 1715: 1690: 1678: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1655: 1651: 1631: 1549: 1540: 1506: 1497: 1482: 1474: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1435: 1429: 1426: 1419: 1407: 1392: 1380: 1376:unemployment 1373: 1362: 1325:kindergarten 1322: 1271: 1263: 1245: 1238: 1236:initiative. 1219: 1199: 1191:Barack Obama 1167: 1164:21st century 1151: 1137: 1135:in schools. 1126: 1103: 1095: 1084: 1080:World War II 1077: 1074: 1055: 1048: 1045:20th century 1039: 1016: 1001: 994: 981:) and 1917 ( 972: 960:Episcopalian 953: 928: 913: 897: 893:the three Rs 867: 864:19th century 835: 827: 823: 800: 785: 770: 747: 744: 741: 737: 694: 593: 511:School meals 389: 200: 189: 172:kindergarten 26: 15433:Switzerland 15403:South Sudan 15398:South Korea 15328:Saint Lucia 15283:Philippines 15228:North Korea 15208:New Zealand 15203:Netherlands 15008:Ivory Coast 14848:El Salvador 14593:Afghanistan 14457:Puerto Rico 14384:territories 14330:Saint Lucia 14265:El Salvador 14054:Immigration 13985:LGBT rights 13887:Food safety 13722:Video games 13315:Wall Street 13295:Public debt 13198:Agriculture 13134:nationalism 12846:Uniform act 12768:Legislative 12675:Territorial 12633:Coast Guard 12628:Space Force 12378:Legislative 12173:Red (South) 12163:Mississippi 12085:New England 12021:Appalachian 11991:Earthquakes 11888:Discoveries 11883:Demographic 11825:Vietnam War 11768:World War I 11763:Imperialism 11713:Indian Wars 11688:War of 1812 11405:Territories 11251:Mississippi 11166:Connecticut 10810:Axtell, J. 10627:October 19, 10600:January 25, 9583:January 14, 9553:January 14, 9527:January 14, 9494:January 14, 9464:January 14, 9401:January 14, 9371:January 14, 9340:January 14, 9308:January 14, 9086:January 26, 8952:January 16, 8772:APM Reports 8696:October 21, 8669:October 22, 8643:October 22, 8500:nces.ed.gov 8387:"StackPath" 8373:nces.ed.gov 8130:February 8, 7442:. p. 2 7361:November 7, 7313:February 5, 7195:October 20, 6980:January 29, 6894:Jay Mathews 6534:fortune.com 6466:nces.ed.gov 6419:February 8, 6394:February 8, 6324:: 443–463. 6220:www.ecs.org 6164:nces.ed.gov 6026:. 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NBC News 4439:August 27, 4417:August 27, 4385:August 27, 4360:August 27, 4208:References 3954:wealth gap 3908:Inequality 3685:abstinence 3591:programs. 3583:, and the 3507:While the 3465:Curriculum 3309:Georgetown 3194:Pell Grant 3183:Sallie Mae 3100:California 3016:as of 2016 2938:Governance 2919:See also: 2824:for 2010: 2771:See also: 2720:Vocational 2702:journalism 2471:Ivy League 2349:programs. 2287:following 2223:Education 2093:preschools 2051:graduate. 2003:Sophomore 1994:University 1968:18 and up 1958:16 and up 1933:12th grade 1919:11th grade 1905:10th grade 1626:See also: 1491:. As with 1465:Attainment 1369:university 1311:Statistics 1299:, and the 1275:economist 1228:, and the 1144:Pell Grant 1122:Pell Grant 898:After the 750:compulsory 479:Head Start 454:Inequality 307:Law school 145:Attainment 15543:Venezuela 15413:Sri Lanka 15373:Singapore 15258:Palestine 15213:Nicaragua 15143:Mauritius 15093:Lithuania 14978:Indonesia 14933:Guatemala 14633:Australia 14623:Argentina 14525:Caribbean 14437:Greenland 14360:Venezuela 14305:Nicaragua 14275:Guatemala 14195:Argentina 14180:Sovereign 14071:Terrorism 13848:Rationing 13745:Affluence 13692:Sexuality 13660:Uncle Sam 13566:Languages 13495:Education 13438:affluence 13398:Americana 13325:Transport 13223:Insurance 13213:Companies 13193:By sector 13085:Elections 12726:Treasurer 12684:Executive 12623:Air Force 12595:Uniformed 12418:President 12235:Executive 12006:Mountains 11939:Territory 11927:Geography 11751:1954–1968 11746:1896–1954 11741:1865–1896 11703:Civil War 11544:1991–2008 11539:1980–1991 11534:1964–1980 11529:1945–1964 11524:1917–1945 11519:1865–1917 11514:1849–1865 11509:1815–1849 11504:1789–1815 11499:1776–1789 11492:By period 11376:Wisconsin 11341:Tennessee 11246:Minnesota 11221:Louisiana 10935:828793570 10703:Doubleday 10444:682614132 10403:1533-8916 10146:Intertext 9977:0895-9048 9930:0007-0998 9895:1934-5267 9852:0161-7761 9817:149023286 9809:0013-1245 9771:146464010 9763:0162-3737 9432:March 21, 8566:March 28, 8542:148015644 8419:April 14, 8157:March 23, 8151:USA Today 7580:April 24, 7134:USA TODAY 7070:0277-4232 7036:0277-4232 6941:143594805 6860:April 14, 6540:August 7, 6536:. Fortune 6509:cite news 6499:August 7, 6472:August 8, 5942:0047-2727 5764:Bloomberg 5713:145724054 5678:154566214 5229:0013-0133 5172:0018-2680 4664:April 27, 4616:April 18, 4590:April 18, 4564:March 19, 4331:August 7, 4260:March 17, 4103:Libraries 3854:BJU Press 3817:views of 3770:Tennessee 3750:Louisiana 3371:developed 3196:program. 3152:that the 3146:ruled in 2986:Nonprofit 2869:In 2018, 2752:technical 2731:Community 2716:schools. 2690:education 2306:admission 2170:Manhattan 2109:classroom 2103:Preschool 2037:gap years 1998:Freshman 1909:Sophomore 1891:9th grade 1876:8th grade 1866:7th grade 1856:6th grade 1841:5th grade 1831:4th grade 1821:3rd grade 1811:2nd grade 1801:1st grade 1764:Preschool 1612:Catholics 1600:agnostics 1598:, 42% of 1580:Anglicans 1535:Algebra I 1374:The 2010 1085:The 1946 914:In 1823, 900:Civil War 807:developed 607:Secondary 391:Financing 177:Includes 170:Includes 129:Secondary 15563:Zimbabwe 15463:Thailand 15458:Tanzania 15423:Suriname 15383:Slovenia 15378:Slovakia 15293:Portugal 15273:Paraguay 15248:Pakistan 15163:Mongolia 15118:Maldives 15113:Malaysia 15038:Kiribati 14958:Honduras 14873:Ethiopia 14868:Eswatini 14823:Dominica 14818:Djibouti 14773:Colombia 14738:Cameroon 14733:Cambodia 14718:Bulgaria 14703:Botswana 14663:Barbados 14392:Anguilla 14340:Suriname 14315:Paraguay 14290:Honduras 14250:Dominica 14235:Colombia 14205:Barbados 14127:Category 13823:Abortion 13687:Religion 13645:Columbia 13603:internet 13539:Holidays 13534:Folklore 13505:literacy 13443:eviction 13333:Aviation 13305:Taxation 13260:Currency 13253:by state 13163:Scandals 13033:Township 12791:Judicial 12692:Governor 12455:Judicial 12341:Marshals 12214:Politics 12168:Missouri 12158:Columbia 12153:Colorado 12148:Arkansas 12141:Longest 12120:Southern 12105:Northern 11949:counties 11903:Military 11893:Economic 11871:By topic 11850:Iraq War 11800:Cold War 11558:By event 11361:Virginia 11311:Oklahoma 11291:New York 11266:Nebraska 11256:Missouri 11241:Michigan 11231:Maryland 11216:Kentucky 11196:Illinois 11171:Delaware 11161:Colorado 11151:Arkansas 10943:(1964); 10866:(1980); 10862:(1970); 10826:Archived 10750:(2013). 10695:(2014). 10595:uft.org/ 10554:July 13, 10411:14635431 10231:(1994). 9995:20617111 9938:22050311 9637:Archived 9633:LegiScan 9607:Archived 9577:Archived 9547:Archived 9521:Archived 9488:Archived 9458:Archived 9426:Archived 9395:Archived 9365:Archived 9334:Archived 9329:NBC News 9302:Archived 9298:The Hill 9277:April 4, 9246:Archived 9218:11030257 9135:11030258 9045:Archived 9010:(2009). 8926:April 8, 8891:April 9, 8861:April 9, 8749:Archived 8747:. 2010. 8466:June 21, 8208:Archived 8096:Archived 8070:Archived 7971:Archived 7910:June 12, 7879:March 2, 7870:Archived 7822:July 13, 7471:March 6, 7424:June 25, 7404:54171217 7262:Archived 7139:March 3, 6851:Archived 6819:Archived 6726:March 1, 6679:July 31, 6670:Archived 6626:July 29, 6566:Archived 6445:July 25, 6340:30566386 6240:Archived 6200:July 17, 6092:March 7, 6057:Archived 6030:July 27, 6003:June 19, 5948:July 27, 5896:June 19, 5870:June 18, 5848:June 19, 5822:June 10, 5482:24039318 5291:25018244 5233:Archived 5102:Archived 5001:Archived 4959:Archived 4907:The Hill 4723:Archived 4702:CBS News 4585:Newsweek 4526:April 3, 4459:Statista 4322:Archived 4254:Archived 4118:See also 4041:dyslexia 4012:ACT Inc. 3898:Thailand 3785:Kay Ivey 3766:Oklahoma 3758:Missouri 3754:Michigan 3746:Kentucky 3697:abortion 3549:Literacy 3445:Cheating 3384:paddling 3380:spanking 3354:Behavior 3319:+ 39.5% 3303:+ 42.0% 3287:+ 58.4% 3271:+ 98.7% 3255:+ 67.0% 3164:Pensions 3102:case of 2960:township 2944:national 2761:transfer 2756:transfer 2694:divinity 2686:business 2662:Academia 2614:graduate 2534:military 2475:Stanford 2396:Rankings 2298:quartile 1895:Freshman 1752:Category 1604:graduate 1564:graduate 1459:literacy 1328:schools. 908:northern 813:and the 277:Literacy 221:By state 192:a series 15548:Vietnam 15538:Vanuatu 15528:Uruguay 15508:Ukraine 15483:Tunisia 15388:Somalia 15353:Senegal 15308:Romania 15223:Nigeria 15188:Namibia 15183:Myanmar 15173:Morocco 15153:Moldova 15078:Liberia 15073:Lesotho 15068:Lebanon 15013:Jamaica 14993:Ireland 14968:Iceland 14963:Hungary 14928:Grenada 14913:Germany 14908:Georgia 14888:Finland 14863:Estonia 14858:Eritrea 14838:Ecuador 14813:Denmark 14788:Croatia 14778:Comoros 14728:Burundi 14693:Bolivia 14673:Belgium 14668:Belarus 14653:Bahrain 14648:Bahamas 14638:Austria 14628:Armenia 14608:Andorra 14603:Algeria 14598:Albania 14422:Curaçao 14407:Bonaire 14402:Bermuda 14355:Uruguay 14295:Jamaica 14270:Grenada 14260:Ecuador 14215:Bolivia 14200:Bahamas 14111:Outline 14059:illegal 14044:Smoking 13907:Obesity 13790:Poverty 13712:Theater 13702:Society 13556:Housing 13517:Fashion 13473:poverty 13418:Cuisine 13390:Culture 13377:Society 13338:Driving 13265:Exports 13243:Tourism 13203:Banking 13181:Economy 13141:Parties 12985:Charter 12949:Sheriff 12396:Speaker 12264:Cabinet 12227:Federal 12135:Western 12100:Eastern 12095:Central 12090:Pacific 12050:Regions 12001:Islands 11484:History 11381:Wyoming 11356:Vermont 11261:Montana 11201:Indiana 11181:Georgia 11176:Florida 11146:Arizona 11136:Alabama 11061:(1965). 11049:(1982). 11023:(1974), 11006:(1985). 10999:(1977). 10978:(1985). 10896:(1996). 10877:(1959). 10855:(1961). 10787:History 10152:(1): 5. 10131:5443875 9986:2898206 9516:KSWO-TV 9453:KFVS-TV 9210:2648173 9169:May 23, 9127:2648174 9051:May 14, 8821:May 22, 8778:May 22, 8722:May 22, 8444:May 31, 8305:May 10, 8276:May 10, 8092:Reuters 8023:July 9, 7935:June 4, 7796:July 9, 7113:May 29, 6921:Society 6777:May 13, 6755:July 7, 5955:closed. 5944:. 28264 5473:3769798 5321:July 5, 4936:May 12, 4913:May 12, 4886:May 20, 4860:May 20, 4830:May 20, 4803:May 20, 4777:May 20, 4750:June 2, 4504:June 1, 4201:Tech ed 3781:Alabama 3738:Georgia 3734:Arizona 3600:Spanish 3245:Harvard 3082:Federal 2962:-level 2875:Navient 2678:medical 2624:(e.g., 2584:), and 2495:Caltech 2390:secular 2374:private 2266:13.05% 2250:45.16% 2242:61.20% 2013:Senior 2008:Junior 1990:College 1632:In the 1586:(56%), 1582:(59%), 1578:(59%), 1574:(67%), 1562:have a 1078:During 929:During 853:History 809:by the 777:college 733:federal 695:In the 603:Primary 213:Summary 121:Primary 65:English 15558:Zambia 15503:Uganda 15498:Tuvalu 15488:Turkey 15448:Taiwan 15428:Sweden 15358:Serbia 15318:Rwanda 15313:Russia 15288:Poland 15263:Panama 15238:Norway 15158:Monaco 15148:Mexico 15108:Malawi 15063:Latvia 15048:Kuwait 15043:Kosovo 15023:Jordan 14998:Israel 14948:Guyana 14938:Guinea 14923:Greece 14903:Gambia 14893:France 14798:Cyprus 14743:Canada 14713:Brunei 14708:Brazil 14688:Bhutan 14678:Belize 14613:Angola 14310:Panama 14300:Mexico 14280:Guyana 14225:Canada 14220:Brazil 14210:Belize 14182:states 14132:Portal 14039:Hunger 13990:racism 13931:Issues 13805:Health 13707:Sports 13667:People 13512:Family 13483:wealth 13408:Cinema 13233:Mining 13218:Energy 12963:Cities 12931:County 12865:Tribal 12403:Senate 12247:powers 12143:rivers 12016:ranges 11984:states 11908:Postal 11316:Oregon 11271:Nevada 11211:Kansas 11186:Hawaii 11141:Alaska 11129:States 10933: 10923: 10907: 10903:2006. 10821:1994. 10764: 10736: 10709: 10442: 10432: 10409: 10401: 10266: 10241: 10207: 10129: 9993: 9983: 9975: 9936: 9928: 9893: 9850: 9815: 9807: 9769: 9761: 9216: 9208: 9133: 9125: 9018: 8857:. 2008 8540: 8330: 8048: 7666:Forbes 7402: 7068: 7034: 6939: 6338: 6169:May 5, 6088:. 2016 5940: 5783:Forbes 5711: 5676: 5561: 5534: 5480: 5470: 5289: 5227: 5170: 4771:Reason 4746:. 2022 4611:Forbes 4006:wealth 3950:Whites 3876:, and 3813:, and 3772:, and 3712:The 74 3575:, the 3569:states 3388:adults 3200:Issues 2952:county 2712:, and 2666:thesis 2656:(e.g. 2642:M.B.A. 2640:(e.g. 2634:M.S.W. 2481:, and 2408:, and 2370:public 2258:34.9% 2234:89.8% 1941:17–18 1937:Senior 1927:16–17 1923:Junior 1913:15–16 1899:14–15 1880:13–14 1870:12–13 1860:11–12 1845:10–11 1696:chair 1493:income 1489:status 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 966:after 933:, the 764:, and 701:public 444:Reform 407:Bubble 100:Female 40:Budget 15553:Yemen 15473:Tonga 15438:Syria 15418:Sudan 15408:Spain 15338:Samoa 15298:Qatar 15253:Palau 15218:Niger 15198:Nepal 15193:Nauru 15128:Malta 15083:Libya 15033:Kenya 15018:Japan 15003:Italy 14973:India 14953:Haiti 14918:Ghana 14898:Gabon 14843:Egypt 14768:China 14763:Chile 14683:Benin 14397:Aruba 14285:Haiti 14230:Chile 14118:Index 13943:Crime 13813:Aging 13630:Names 13625:Music 13613:radio 13593:Media 13423:Dance 13413:Crime 13248:Trade 13005:Mayor 12954:Clerk 12922:Local 12664:State 12183:Yukon 12026:Rocky 12011:peaks 11346:Texas 11226:Maine 11191:Idaho 10534:(PDF) 10353:14th. 10297:(PDF) 10290:(PDF) 9879:(1). 9813:S2CID 9767:S2CID 9361:Axios 9249:(PDF) 9236:(PDF) 9206:JSTOR 9163:(PDF) 9152:(PDF) 9123:JSTOR 8994:(PDF) 8752:(PDF) 8741:(PDF) 8538:S2CID 8073:(PDF) 8066:(PDF) 7974:(PDF) 7967:(PDF) 7873:(PDF) 7860:(PDF) 7497:(PDF) 7490:(PDF) 7400:S2CID 7191:. n.d 6957:>. 6937:S2CID 6854:(PDF) 6847:(PDF) 6822:(PDF) 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10734:ISBN 10707:ISBN 10652:2022 10629:2013 10602:2015 10556:2012 10516:2021 10491:2021 10440:OCLC 10430:ISBN 10407:PMID 10399:ISSN 10387:2003 10331:2013 10305:2013 10264:ISBN 10239:ISBN 10205:ISBN 10127:PMID 10096:2015 10044:2013 10017:2013 9991:PMID 9973:ISSN 9934:PMID 9926:ISSN 9891:ISSN 9848:ISSN 9805:ISSN 9759:ISSN 9672:2013 9645:2022 9615:2022 9585:2023 9555:2023 9529:2023 9496:2023 9466:2023 9434:2023 9403:2023 9373:2023 9342:2023 9310:2023 9279:2016 9257:2013 9214:PMID 9171:2007 9131:PMID 9088:2023 9053:2014 9016:ISBN 8976:2013 8954:2015 8928:2013 8893:2014 8863:2014 8823:2021 8780:2021 8724:2021 8698:2010 8671:2010 8645:2010 8603:2016 8568:2018 8507:2018 8468:2019 8446:2019 8421:2010 8328:ISBN 8307:2016 8278:2016 8249:2011 8185:2010 8159:2014 8132:2023 8104:2014 8046:ISBN 8025:2021 8002:2018 7937:2014 7912:2008 7881:2016 7824:2022 7798:2021 7772:2010 7746:2013 7692:2013 7647:2013 7625:2013 7582:2011 7556:2013 7534:2013 7505:2013 7473:2020 7448:2019 7426:2015 7385:2024 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