2851:
designation of Focal Points in each of the respective national authorities with a stake in food safety, and a single
Emergency Contact Point in the national authority with the responsibility for coordinating national food safety emergencies; countries choosing to be members of INFOSAN are committed to sharing information between their respective food safety authorities and other INFOSAN members. The operational definition of a food safety authority includes those authorities involved in: food policy; risk assessment; food control and management; food inspection services; foodborne disease surveillance and response; laboratory services for monitoring and surveillance of foods and foodborne diseases; and food safety information, education and communication across the
907:, preventing cross-contamination, proper storage, and maintaining cooking temperatures. In general, freezing or refrigerating prevents virtually all bacteria from growing, and heating food sufficiently kills parasites, viruses, and most bacteria. Bacteria grow most rapidly at the range of temperatures between 40 and 140 °F (4 and 60 °C), called the "danger zone". Storing food below or above the "danger zone" can effectively limit the production of toxins. For storing leftovers, the food must be put in shallow containers for quick cooling and must be refrigerated within two hours. When food is reheated, it must reach an internal temperature of 165 °F (74 °C) or until hot or steaming to kill bacteria.
2581:: 13%–42%) of the 15.9 million episodes of gastroenteritis that occur in Australia were estimated to be transmitted by contaminated food. This equates to an average of approximately one episode of foodborne gastroenteritis every five years per person. Data on the number of hospitalisations and deaths represent the occurrence of serious foodborne illness. Including gastroenteritis, non-gastroenteritis and sequelae, there were an estimated annual 31,920 (90% CrI: 29,500–35,500) hospitalisations due to foodborne illness and 86 (90% CrI: 70–105) deaths due to foodborne illness circa 2010. This study concludes that these rates are similar to recent estimates in the US and Canada.
2585:
the total number of gastroenteritis episodes each year, and the proportion considered foodborne. In circa 2010, it was estimated that 25% of all episodes of gastroenteritis were foodborne. By applying this proportion of episodes due to food to the incidence of gastroenteritis circa 2000, there were an estimated 4.3 million (90% CrI: 2.2–7.3 million) episodes of foodborne gastroenteritis circa 2000, although credible intervals overlap with 2010. Taking into account changes in population size, applying these equivalent methods suggests a 17% decrease in the rate of foodborne gastroenteritis between 2000 and 2010, with considerable overlap of the 90% credible intervals.
9137:
831:
9148:
9168:
389:
478:
44:
9178:
9158:
9127:
3004:
1341:
940:(ALA).. In Kenya, mycotoxins led to the death of 125 people in 2004, after consumption of contaminated grains. In animals, mycotoxicosis targets organ systems such as liver and digestive system. Other effects can include reduced productivity and suppression of the immune system, thus pre-disposing the animals to other secondary infections. The common foodborne
858:: the origin of the ingredients (farm of origin, identification of the crop or animal) and where and when it has been processed must be known in the final product; in this way, the origin of the disease can be traced and resolved (and possibly penalized), and the final products can be removed from sale if a problem is detected;
713:) are the most commonly reported enterotoxins although cases of poisoning are likely underestimated. It occurs mainly in cooked and processed foods due to competition with other biota in raw foods, and humans are the main cause of contamination as a substantial percentage of humans are persistent carriers of
2832:
The
International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) is a joint program of the WHO and FAO. INFOSAN has been connecting national authorities from around the globe since 2004, with the goal of preventing the international spread of contaminated food and foodborne disease and strengthening food
2818:
Department of Food Safety and
Zoonoses (FOS) provides scientific advice for organizations and the public on issues concerning the safety of food. Its mission is to lower the burden of foodborne disease, thereby strengthening the health security and sustainable development of Member States. Foodborne
2009:
Globally, infants are a group that is especially vulnerable to foodborne disease. The World Health
Organization has issued recommendations for the preparation, use and storage of prepared formulas. Breastfeeding remains the best preventive measure for protection from foodborne infections in infants.
846:
Governments have the primary mandate of ensuring safe food for all, however all actors in the food chain are responsible to ensure only safe food reaches the consumer, thus preventing foodborne illnesses. This is achieved through the implementation of strict hygiene rules and a public veterinary and
473:
and no active surveillance was being done for this particular agent. Toxins from bacterial infections are delayed because the bacteria need time to multiply. As a result, symptoms associated with intoxication are usually not seen until 12–72 hours or more after eating contaminated food. However, in
404:
practices before, during, and after food preparation can reduce the chances of contracting an illness. There is a consensus in the public health community that regular hand-washing is one of the most effective defenses against the spread of foodborne illness. The action of monitoring food to ensure
2823:
million people annually, most of whom are children. WHO works closely with the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to address food safety issues along the entire food production chain—from production to consumption—using new methods of risk analysis. These methods provide
2584:
A main aim of this study was to compare if foodborne illness incidence had increased over time. In this study, similar methods of assessment were applied to data from circa 2000, which showed that the rate of foodborne gastroenteritis had not changed significantly over time. Two key estimates were
2850:
Membership to INFOSAN is voluntary, but is restricted to representatives from national and regional government authorities and requires an official letter of designation. INFOSAN seeks to reflect the multidisciplinary nature of food safety and promote intersectoral collaboration by requesting the
2671:
was used to cool the cans. One of the cans had a defect and the meat inside was contaminated. That meat was then sliced using a meat slicer in a shop in
Aberdeen, and a lack of machinery-cleaning led to the spreading of the contamination to other meats cut in the slicer. Those meats were eaten by
923:
through food consumption. The term mycotoxin is usually reserved for the toxic chemical compounds naturally produced by fungi that readily colonize crops under given temperature and moisture conditions. Mycotoxins can have important effects on human and animal health. For example, an outbreak
2641:
staff when there are unexpected increases in laboratory results for certain strains of bacteria. Outbreak detection and investigation in the United States is primarily handled by local health jurisdictions and is inconsistent from district to district. It is estimated that 1–2% of outbreaks are
4588:
Dubois E, Hennechart C, Deboosère N, Merle G, Legeay O, Burger C, et al. (April 2006). "Intra-laboratory validation of a concentration method adapted for the enumeration of infectious F-specific RNA coliphage, enterovirus, and hepatitis A virus from inoculated leaves of salad vegetables".
1556:, many of which are not produced by bacteria. Plants in particular may be toxic; animals which are naturally poisonous to eat are rare. In evolutionary terms, animals can escape being eaten by fleeing; plants can use only passive defenses such as poisons and distasteful substances, for example
2626:
The vast majority of reported cases of foodborne illness occur as individual or sporadic cases. The origin of most sporadic cases is undetermined. In the United States, where people eat outside the home frequently, 58% of cases originate from commercial food facilities (2004 FoodNet data). An
1517:
2557:
A study by the
Australian National University published in 2022 for Food Standards Australia New Zealand estimated there are 4.67 million cases of food poisoning in Australia each year that result in 47,900 hospitalisations, 38 deaths and a cost to the economy of $ 2.1 billion.
2709:
In May 2015, for the second year running, England's Food
Standards Agency devoted its annual Food Safety Week to "The Chicken Challenge". The focus was on the handling of raw chicken in the home and in catering facilities in a drive to reduce the high levels of food poisoning from the
2018:
A CDC report for the period 2017–2019 found that 41% of outbreaks at restaurants were caused by a sick employee. Contributory factors identified included lack of written policy compliance with FDA recommendations for identifying red-flag symptoms, glove use, and hand washing; lack of
2561:
A previous study using different methodology and published in
November 2014, found in 2010 that there were an estimated 4.1 million cases of foodborne gastroenteritis acquired in Australia on average each year, along with 5,140 cases of non-gastrointestinal illness.
963:. They are frequently found in tree nuts, peanuts, maize, sorghum and other oilseeds, including corn and cottonseeds. The pronounced forms of aflatoxins are those of B1, B2, G1, and G2, amongst which Aflatoxin B1 predominantly targets the liver, which will result in
8757:
370:, symptoms may not manifest for hours to days, depending on the cause and on the quantity of consumption. Longer incubation periods tend to cause those affected to not associate the symptoms with the item consumed, so they may misattribute the symptoms to
4209:
3285:
1882:
is the amount of agent that must be consumed to give rise to symptoms of foodborne illness, and varies according to the agent and the consumer's age and overall health. Pathogens vary in minimum infectious dose; for example,
5928:
690:
targeting the intestines). Enterotoxins can produce illness even when the microbes that produced them have been killed. Symptom onset varies with the toxin but may be rapid in onset, as in the case of enterotoxins of
2023:
at the majority of establishments; and social pressure to come to work even while sick. The remaining outbreaks had a variety of causes, including inadequate cooking, improper temperature, and cross-contamination.
1836:), depending on the agent, and on how much was consumed. If symptoms occur within one to six hours after eating the food, it suggests that it is caused by a bacterial toxin or a chemical rather than live bacteria.
899:
practices. Many forms of bacterial poisoning can be prevented by cooking food sufficiently, and either eating it quickly or refrigerating it effectively. Many toxins, however, are not destroyed by heat treatment.
5604:
1031:, wheat and tomatoes. Some research has shown that the toxins can be easily cross-contaminated between grain commodities, suggesting that manufacturing and storage of grain commodities is a critical practice.
4899:
Kinney JS, Hurwitz ES, Fishbein DB, Woolf PD, Pinsky PF, Lawrence DN, et al. (January 1988). "Community outbreak of thyrotoxicosis: epidemiology, immunogenetic characteristics, and long-term outcome".
1728:
Ptomaine poisoning was a myth that persisted in the public consciousness, in newspaper headlines, and legal cases as an official diagnosis, decades after it had been scientifically disproven in the 1910s.
1776:
stated, "The chemical ferments produced in the system, the... ptomaines which may exercise so disastrous an influence." It is now known that the "disastrous... influence" is due to the direct action of
1273:
issued a document for the content limits of DON in food and animal feed at an advisory level. In 2003, US published a patent that is very promising for farmers to produce a trichothecene-resistant crop.
4465:
Joffe AZ, Yagen B (February 1977). "Comparative study of the yield of T-2 toxic produced by
Fusarium poae, F. sporotrichioides and F. sporotrichioides var. tricinctum strains from different sources".
2863:
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and The World Health Organization have published a global ranking of foodborne parasites using a multicriteria ranking tool concluding that
4217:
4755:
Hedberg CW, Fishbein DB, Janssen RS, Meyers B, McMillen JM, MacDonald KL, et al. (April 1987). "An outbreak of thyrotoxicosis caused by the consumption of bovine thyroid gland in ground beef".
3666:
3025:
2806:. According to statistics, food poisoning was the second most common cause of infectious disease outbreak in India in 2017. The numbers of outbreaks have increased from 50 in 2008 to 242 in 2017.
2714:
bacterium. Anne Hardy argues that widespread public education of food hygiene can be useful, particularly through media (TV cookery programmes) and advertisement. She points to the examples set by
1171:
have limited it to under 50 μg/kg for fruit juice and fruit nectar, while limits of 25 μg/kg for solid-contained fruit products and 10 μg/kg for baby foods were specified by the EC.
3008:
5319:
According to the C.D.C., an estimated 87 million Americans are sickened each year by contaminated food, 371,000 are hospitalized with food-related illness and 5,700 die from food-related disease
1323:, or yellowing of the skin, but rarely leads to chronic liver dysfunction. The virus has been found to cause infection due to the consumption of fresh-cut produce which has fecal contamination.
8752:
5831:
5647:
2770:
A report issued in June 2018 by NBC's Minneapolis station using research by both the CDC and the Minnesota Department of Health concluded that foodborne illness is on the rise in the U.S.
5354:
One in every six Americans becomes ill from eating contaminated food each year, Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg, F.D.A. commissioner, estimated. About 130,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die.
2899:
Food may be contaminated during all stages of food production and retailing. In order to prevent viral contamination, regulatory authorities in Europe have enacted several measures:
3316:
in England and Wales over a 7-year period indicates distribution of clonal toxigenic strains in multiple outbreaks and extensive involvement of enterotoxin-encoding (CPE) plasmids"
3366:
4299:"Genotoxicity assessment of five tremorgenic mycotoxins (fumitremorgen B, paxilline, penitrem A, verruculogen, and verrucosidin) produced by molds isolated from fermented meats"
1257:(DON) have been most commonly encountered by humans and animals. The consequences of oral intake of, or dermal exposure to, the toxins will result in alimentary toxic aleukia,
2285:
In France, for 735,590 to 769,615 cases of infection identified as being with the 23 specific pathogens, 238,836 to 269,085 were estimated to have been contracted from food:
706:
2282:
This data pertains to reported medical cases of 23 specific pathogens in the 1990s, as opposed to total population estimates of all foodborne illness for the United States.
5462:
1002:
916:
4003:
Motta SD, Valente Soares LM (July 2001). "Survey of Brazilian tomato products for alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid and cyclopiazonic acid".
8920:
6335:
4833:"Exogenous thyrotoxicosis in dogs attributable to consumption of all-meat commercial dog food or treats containing excessive thyroid hormone: 14 cases (2008-2013)"
6035:
5494:
3105:
991:'s website. The European union has more stringent standards, set at 10 μg/kg in cereals and cereal products. These references are also adopted in other countries.
1084:
5175:
Foodborne Illness Outbreaks at Retail Food Establishments — National Environmental Assessment Reporting System, 25 State and Local Health Departments, 2017–2019
3759:
351:. Bouts of vomiting can be repeated with an extended delay in between. This is because even if infected food was eliminated from the stomach in the first bout,
2684:
7219:
5389:
One in six Americans becomes ill from eating contaminated food each year, the government estimates; of those, roughly 130,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die.
1315:
is distinguished from other viral causes by its prolonged (2–6 week) incubation period and its ability to spread beyond the stomach and intestines into the
3131:
2909:(CEN): Standard method for the detection of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in food products (shellfish, fruits and vegetables, surfaces and bottled water)
3619:
8885:
1121:
3897:
1576:. Most animal poisons are not synthesised by the animal, but acquired by eating poisonous plants to which the animal is immune, or by bacterial action.
1111:
75:
1796:, during a single week in 1932, drawing national attention to the dangers of so-called "ptomaine poisoning" in the pages of the American news weekly,
8915:
8371:
4544:"Guidance for Industry and FDA – Letter to State Agricultural Directors, State Feed Control Officials, and Food, Feed, and Grain Trade Organizations"
1190:
2630:
Often, a combination of events contributes to an outbreak, for example, food might be left at room temperature for many hours, allowing bacteria to
8875:
5655:
3046:
1179:
8052:
7657:
5628:
Astridge K, McPherson M, Knope K, Gregory J, Kardamanidis K, Bell E, et al. (2011). "Foodborne disease outbreaks in Australia 2001-2009".
2965:
1010:
5611:
2912:
CODEX Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH): Guideline for the application of general principles of food hygiene for the control of viruses in food
1152:
restricts the content of OTA to 5 μg/kg in cereal commodities, 3 μg/kg in processed products and 10 μg/kg in dried vine fruits.
8807:
9060:
8774:
7211:
6328:
1246:
1155:
994:
6263:
1299:
are the most common foodborne illness, causing 57% of outbreaks in 2004. Foodborne viral infection are usually of intermediate (1–3 days)
8998:
5526:
1006:
69:
4179:
3680:
3386:
1295:
infections make up perhaps one third of cases of food poisoning in developed countries. In the US, more than 50% of cases are viral and
888:
which involves spraying meat with viruses that infect bacteria, and thus preventing infection. This has raised concerns because without
474:
some cases, such as Staphylococcal food poisoning, the onset of illness can be as soon as 30 minutes after ingesting contaminated food.
3400:
3012:
2985:
2924:
2609:
1803:
In 1944, another newspaper article reported that over 150 people in Chicago were hospitalized with ptomaine poisoning, apparently from
5338:
5020:
1303:, causing illnesses which are self-limited in otherwise healthy individuals; they are similar to the bacterial forms described above.
8836:
3367:"An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 135 infection linked to the consumption of raw shell eggs in an aged care facility"
2733:
1241:. The toxins are usually found in molded maize, wheat, corn, peanuts and rice, or animal feed of hay and straw. Four trichothecenes,
8880:
8742:
565:
533:
infection is caused by consumption of eggs or poultry that are not adequately cooked or by other interactive human-animal pathogens
5157:
8850:
6321:
6273:
6250:
5469:
2767:
None of the US Department of Health and Human Services targets regarding incidence of foodborne infections were reached in 2007.
2737:
4712:
Wartique L, Pothen L, Pirson N, Hermans MP, Lambert M, Yildiz H (December 2017). "An unusual cause of epidemic thyrotoxicosis".
7992:
7979:
6593:
6349:
5373:
2906:
2627:
outbreak is defined as occurring when two or more people experience similar illness after consuming food from a common source.
2289:
between 12,995 and 22,030 people were hospitalized (10,188 to 17,771 estimated to have contracted their infections from food);
5732:"Epidemiological investigation of the central Scotland outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection, November to December 1996"
8841:
8789:
8694:
7264:
6234:
6213:
6164:
6140:
6129:
5971:
5441:
4414:
Froquet R, Sibiril Y, Parent-Massin D (February 2001). "Trichothecene toxicity on human megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-MK)".
3784:
2621:
1716:
261:
6606:
5300:
5185:
9181:
9044:
8855:
8784:
8709:
8528:
7781:
7239:
3840:
3030:
2970:
5903:
5873:"Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 states, 2007"
5406:
9032:
8910:
6918:
4543:
3646:
2588:
This study replaces a previous estimate of 5.4 million cases of foodborne illness in Australia every year, causing:
1924:
level (low acidity) greatly reduces the number of bacteria required to cause symptoms by a factor of between 10 and 100.
1189:
Tremorgenic mycotoxins – Five of them have been reported to be associated with molds found in fermented meats. These are
4267:
2744:
before processing cattle carcasses for human consumption, a measure designed to lessen the risk of infection by variant
2634:
which is compounded by inadequate cooking which results in a failure to kill the dangerously elevated bacterial levels.
8045:
7984:
5806:
5501:
2824:
efficient, science-based tools to improve food safety, thereby benefiting both public health and economic development.
2749:
1862:
lining the intestinal walls, and begin to multiply there. Some types of microbes stay in the intestine, some produce a
1680:
Some plants contain substances which are toxic in large doses, but have therapeutic properties in appropriate dosages.
17:
6988:
4338:
Adejumo TO, Hettwer U, Karlovsky P (May 2007). "Occurrence of Fusarium species and trichothecenes in Nigerian maize".
1940:
is unaccustomed to organisms endemic to the visited region. This effect of microbiologic naïveté is compounded by any
469:
In the past, bacterial infections were thought to be more prevalent because few places had the capability to test for
9049:
9008:
8973:
8958:
8940:
8865:
8644:
7414:
7409:
5685:
4936:
2757:
7019:
3250:
Humphrey T, O'Brien S, Madsen M (July 2007). "Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens: a food production perspective".
1839:
The long incubation period of many foodborne illnesses tends to cause those affected to attribute their symptoms to
9054:
8890:
8821:
8816:
7953:
7493:
6900:
6516:
4149:
2727:
2680:
1991:. For example, as of 1984 it was estimated that in the United States, 200,000 people were asymptomatic carriers of
1833:
568:, such as enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC or EAgEC)
5961:
1792:, and aboard a cruise ship in Washington, D.C., hundreds of people were sickened in separate incidents by tainted
1781:
and only slightly due to the alkaloids. Thus, the use of the phrase "ptomaine poisoning" is now largely obsolete.
8993:
8900:
8764:
8679:
8442:
7087:
6302:
3623:
3168:
9022:
8895:
8732:
8699:
7828:
7426:
7145:
7123:
6554:
6283:
2753:
2608:
Most foodborne disease outbreaks in Australia have been linked to raw or minimally cooked eggs or poultry. The
822:
have recently increased to an annual basis, connected to the non-canonical contamination of pre-washed salad.
504:
8798:
8188:
8038:
7796:
6494:
2745:
1870:, and some can directly invade the deeper body tissues. The symptoms produced depend on the type of microbe.
1712:
1640:
4627:
Improving the microbiological quality and safety of fresh-cut tomatoes by low dose electron beam irradiation
9207:
9161:
9027:
7823:
6976:
6739:
6454:
3090:
1270:
1168:
1096:
988:
881:
710:
6648:
5779:
3485:
2637:
Outbreaks are usually identified when those affected know each other. Outbreaks can also be identified by
9081:
8779:
8737:
8091:
7865:
7736:
7672:
7640:
7588:
6885:
6867:
2667:. The corned beef was placed in cans and because the cooling plant had failed, cold river water from the
2266:, there were around a million cases of foodborne illness per year (1,580 cases for 100,000 inhabitants).
629:
63:
3050:
9076:
7421:
6834:
6574:
5174:
3912:
2879:. The same method was used regionally to rank the most important foodborne parasites in Europe ranking
9212:
9106:
8826:
7925:
7915:
7610:
7546:
7269:
7234:
7037:
7014:
6800:
6613:
2815:
2761:
2292:
between 306 and 797 people died (228 to 691 estimated to have contracted their infections from food).
542:
254:
6194:
3814:
3112:. Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom. February 2011. Archived from the original on April 16, 2014
2679:
law. The outbreaks included the deaths of 19 patients in the Stanley Royd Hospital outbreak and the
682:
In addition to disease caused by direct bacterial infection, some foodborne illnesses are caused by
8968:
8329:
8321:
8164:
7743:
7605:
7480:
7334:
6449:
6439:
4872:
Hendriks LE, Looij BJ (March 2010). "Hyperthyroidism caused by excessive consumption of sausages".
1088:
937:
702:
664:
649:
537:
460:
979:
such as Aflatoxin M1. In the US, the acceptable level of total aflatoxins in foods is less than 20
8948:
8860:
8301:
8176:
7930:
7848:
7714:
7244:
7042:
6749:
6687:
6521:
6489:
4048:"Production of alternaria mycotoxins by Alternaria alternata isolated from weather-damaged wheat"
2577:
spp., although the causes of approximately 80% of illnesses were unknown. Approximately 25% (90%
2118:
1497:
953:
818:
729:
623:
609:
514:
409:. Foodborne disease can also be caused by a large variety of toxins that affect the environment.
6601:
6104:
6096:
6077:
6063:
9016:
8936:
8831:
8654:
8533:
7517:
7302:
7052:
6925:
6531:
6388:
6378:
6260:
6081:
5251:
Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, et al. (January 2011).
2980:
1933:
1634:
572:
81:
6203:
5431:
3713:"Outbreak of Aflatoxin Poisoning --- Eastern and Central Provinces, Kenya, January--July 2004"
3145:
9038:
8988:
8983:
8727:
8475:
7838:
7470:
7339:
6847:
6754:
6673:
4187:
3687:
3408:
2692:
2263:
2027:
In the United States, using FoodNet data from 2000 to 2007, the CDC estimated there were 47.8
1958:
1953:
1895:
1504:
1131:
753:
722:
693:
587:
220:
128:
6618:
6004:
3085:
924:
which occurred in the UK during 1960 caused the death of 100,000 turkeys which had consumed
892:, consumers would not know that meat and poultry products have been treated with the spray.
9202:
9151:
8465:
8294:
8149:
7920:
7813:
7759:
7687:
7677:
7369:
7224:
7097:
6704:
6313:
5028:
4423:
3206:
1785:
1457:
1435:
1075:
801:
449:
247:
5832:"Meat Produced by Advanced Meat/Bone Separation Machinery and Meat Recovery (AMR) Systems"
5678:
Food Poisoning, Policy and Politics : Corned Beef and Typhoid in Britain in the 1960s
1828:. This ranges from hours to days (and rarely months or even years, such as in the case of
8:
9111:
8870:
8568:
8007:
7997:
7963:
7568:
7006:
6842:
6653:
5987:
Bouwknegt M, Devleesschauwer B, Graham H, Robertson LJ, van der Giessen JW (March 2018).
5872:
3712:
2955:
1890:
1624:
1585:
1464:
1296:
1164:
1149:
1100:
903:
Techniques that help prevent food borne illness in the kitchen are hand washing, rinsing
889:
329:
9167:
6055:
5161:
5050:
Lee RM, Lessler J, Lee RA, Rudolph KE, Reich NG, Perl TM, Cummings DA (September 2013).
4427:
3210:
2683:(BSE, mad cow disease) outbreak identified in the 1980s. The deaths of 21 people in the
1750:
found in decaying animal and vegetable matter, especially (as reflected in their names)
8769:
8722:
8664:
8548:
8220:
7731:
7726:
7635:
7615:
7249:
7092:
7057:
6911:
6877:
6427:
6182:
6156:
6013:
5988:
5756:
5731:
5581:
5556:
5305:
5277:
5252:
5223:
5198:
5078:
5051:
4737:
4625:
4490:
4447:
4028:
3968:
Li FQ, Yoshizawa T (July 2000). "Alternaria mycotoxins in weathered wheat from China".
3596:
3565:
3564:
Karlsson PA, Tano E, Jernberg C, Hickman RA, Guy L, Järhult JD, Wang H (May 13, 2021).
3529:
3502:
3342:
3311:
3227:
3194:
2004:
1820:
The delay between the consumption of contaminated food and the appearance of the first
1688:
1619:
1250:
1044:
959:
748:
425:
6663:
4808:
4791:
4602:
4351:
3472:
3263:
2668:
9096:
8591:
8225:
8210:
8192:
8106:
8017:
7958:
7818:
7771:
7573:
6744:
6734:
6724:
6709:
6526:
6509:
6373:
6297:
6230:
6209:
6170:
6160:
6136:
6125:
6100:
6092:
6073:
6059:
6018:
5967:
5936:
5884:
5761:
5681:
5586:
5437:
5334:
5282:
5228:
5125:
5101:
5083:
4917:
4913:
4881:
4854:
4813:
4772:
4729:
4679:
4606:
4525:
4482:
4439:
4396:
4355:
4320:
4104:
4069:
4020:
3985:
3601:
3551:
3534:
3453:
3378:
3347:
3267:
3232:
3193:
Carmody CD, Mueller RC, Grodner BM, Chlumsky O, Wilking JN, McCalla SG (March 2022).
3125:
3072:
2935:
2578:
1825:
1490:
1402:
1300:
1092:
616:
367:
4741:
4494:
4451:
4242:
4032:
3310:
Kiu R, Caim S, Painset A, Pickard D, Swift C, Dougan G, et al. (October 2019).
2031:
million foodborne illnesses per year (16,000 cases for 100,000 inhabitants) with 9.4
8747:
8659:
8639:
8487:
8457:
8073:
8012:
7948:
7935:
7764:
7753:
7645:
7625:
7460:
7374:
7349:
7080:
7027:
6966:
6857:
6504:
6432:
6152:
6008:
6000:
5751:
5743:
5576:
5568:
5272:
5264:
5218:
5210:
5073:
5063:
4909:
4844:
4803:
4764:
4721:
4669:
4631:
4598:
4517:
4474:
4431:
4386:
4347:
4310:
4131:
4096:
4059:
4012:
3977:
3950:
3877:
3739:
3591:
3581:
3524:
3514:
3443:
3337:
3327:
3259:
3222:
3214:
2797:
1916:
billion organisms is necessary to produce symptoms in healthy human volunteers, as
1605:
1374:
1266:
1184:
784:
560:
297:
135:
4725:
4135:
3941:
toxins in weather-damaged wheat and sorghum in the 1995–1996 Australian harvest".
3792:
2675:
Serious outbreaks of foodborne illness since the 1970s prompted key changes in UK
1148:(OTA) analyses in 20th Australian Total Diet Survey was 1 μg/kg, whereas the
491:
transfer, and that specific washing conditions can decrease the risk of transfer.
8963:
8669:
8631:
8601:
8447:
8380:
8245:
8230:
8154:
8121:
7880:
7875:
7719:
7667:
7475:
7452:
7297:
7274:
6658:
6623:
6499:
6444:
6267:
6224:
6119:
5369:
4967:
4521:
4315:
4298:
4087:
Marasas WF (1995). "Fumonisins: their implications for human and animal health".
2960:
2020:
1986:
1980:
1885:
1879:
1840:
1798:
1789:
1733:
1511:
1388:
1367:
1262:
1014:
736:
601:
553:
371:
317:
213:
156:
9171:
6628:
6293:
4768:
3882:
3866:"Aflatoxins (Sum of B1, B2, G1, G2) in cereals and cereal-derived food products"
3865:
2706:
Cm 3830, "would be powerful, open and dedicated to the interests of consumers".
487:
A 2022 study concluded that washing uncooked chicken could increase the risk of
9086:
8250:
8215:
8111:
7910:
7843:
7786:
7558:
7447:
7439:
7364:
7317:
7312:
7259:
6983:
6764:
6759:
6719:
6668:
6633:
6471:
6407:
6087:
5716:
5698:
5527:"The Annual Cost of Foodborne Illness in Australia Final Report September 2022"
4435:
4064:
4047:
2975:
2631:
1937:
1859:
1442:
1254:
1054:
851:, from farming to delivery in shops and restaurants. This regulation includes:
444:
412:
Furthermore, foodborne illness can be caused by a number of chemicals, such as
107:
5747:
5143:
4574:
4551:
3586:
1762:
stated, "We name such products of bacterial origin ptomaines; and the special
9196:
9091:
8611:
8419:
8280:
8260:
8171:
8136:
7791:
7748:
7707:
7600:
7583:
7541:
7254:
6805:
6774:
6395:
5940:
5068:
4991:
4831:
Broome MR, Peterson ME, Kemppainen RJ, Parker VJ, Richter KP (January 2015).
4698:
4275:
2950:
2852:
2786:
2638:
2513:
2349:
2136:
1964:
1601:
1395:
1212:
1163:– Currently, this toxin has been advisably regulated on fruit products. The
1039:
1028:
885:
835:
788:
594:
508:
499:
275:
6641:
5870:
4849:
4832:
1738:
9141:
9101:
8616:
8437:
8429:
8399:
8270:
8255:
8101:
8002:
7940:
7702:
7682:
7630:
7578:
7529:
7329:
7279:
6890:
6461:
6174:
6022:
5888:
5765:
5590:
5572:
5286:
5268:
5232:
5214:
5160:(Meeting report). Microbiological risk assessment series 10. Archived from
5087:
4885:
4858:
4817:
4733:
4683:
4674:
4657:
4610:
4529:
4443:
4400:
4391:
4374:
4359:
4324:
4268:"Patulin in Apple Juice, Apple Juice Concentrates and Apple Juice Products"
4073:
4024:
4016:
3989:
3605:
3538:
3457:
3382:
3351:
3271:
3236:
2940:
2930:
1976:
1804:
1793:
1669:
1654:
1590:
1561:
1479:
1231:
1206:
1202:
1145:
1126:
1106:
1080:
1049:
933:
873:
855:
830:
780:
717:. The CDC has estimated about 240,000 cases per year in the United States.
429:
397:
4921:
4776:
4108:
4100:
3519:
3448:
3431:
3332:
2827:
9131:
8717:
8674:
8606:
8586:
8563:
8538:
8342:
8337:
8315:
8308:
8265:
8235:
8205:
8061:
7895:
7697:
7620:
7595:
7344:
7324:
7229:
7189:
7113:
6484:
6479:
6400:
6383:
4486:
3815:"Sec. 683.100 Action Levels for Aflatoxins in Animal Feeds (CPG 7126.33)"
2945:
2741:
2715:
2700:
2676:
2660:
2530:
2409:
1941:
1829:
1644:
1628:
1326:
1312:
1307:
1276:
1258:
1237:
1058:
998:
896:
769:
683:
406:
396:
Foodborne illness usually arises from improper handling, preparation, or
234:
186:
181:
163:
35:
5197:
Scallan E, Griffin PM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Hoekstra RM (January 2011).
4157:
2846:
Helping countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks.
8932:
8684:
8649:
8578:
8365:
8240:
8200:
8069:
8030:
7833:
7808:
7776:
7553:
7534:
7524:
7512:
7359:
6971:
6943:
6769:
6729:
5986:
4635:
4478:
3432:"Reducing the carriage of foodborne pathogens in livestock and poultry"
2840:
Sharing information on important food safety issues of global interest;
2792:
2696:
2612:
estimates that one third of cases of food poisoning occur in the home.
2501:
2455:
2371:
2331:
2198:
2180:
2100:
1968:
1904:
1772:
1755:
1751:
1538:
1281:
1198:
1141:
1116:
1065:
1023:
976:
941:
866:
848:
522:
455:
149:
5963:
Multicriteria-based ranking for risk management of foodborne parasites
4957:(First ed.). London: Oxford University Press. 1933. p. 1557.
3981:
3744:
3727:
3218:
2837:
Promoting the rapid exchange of information during food safety events;
8978:
8689:
8621:
8596:
8558:
8523:
8515:
8497:
8482:
8470:
8414:
8391:
8359:
8354:
8144:
7905:
7384:
6417:
6412:
6345:
5199:"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States--unspecified agents"
3195:"Chickensplash! Exploring the health concerns of washing raw chicken"
3169:"Chickensplash! Exploring the health concerns of washing raw chicken"
2903:
European Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of November 15, 2005
2803:
2780:
2664:
2234:
2082:
1855:
1673:
1648:
1557:
1336:
1331:
1242:
1194:
1174:
1136:
1070:
1061:
1018:
983:μg/kg, except for Aflatoxin M1 in milk, which should be less than 0.5
972:
968:
948:
925:
920:
470:
421:
413:
363:
and begin to multiply. Some types of microbes stay in the intestine.
360:
325:
196:
191:
5838:. U.S. National Archive and Records Administration. January 12, 2004
1103:
have regulated the content levels of toxins in food and animal feed.
8953:
8543:
8492:
8348:
8288:
8116:
8086:
7888:
7803:
7379:
7354:
7307:
6852:
6422:
6365:
4296:
3954:
2990:
2490:
2473:
2392:
2366:
2216:
1972:
1927:
1778:
1763:
1747:
1684:
1659:
1580:
1472:
1450:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1409:
1360:
1356:
1320:
1221:
1034:
964:
847:
phytosanitary service that monitors animal products throughout the
744:
698:
687:
677:
641:
579:
488:
440:
417:
388:
383:
348:
340:
309:
301:
142:
5253:"Foodborne illness acquired in the United States--major pathogens"
5158:"Enterobacter sakazakii and Salmonella in powdered infant formula"
5052:"Incubation periods of viral gastroenteritis: a systematic review"
1643:, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning,
1516:
697:
in which symptoms appear in one to six hours. This causes intense
477:
333:
8409:
8126:
8096:
7692:
7563:
6816:
5676:
Smith, David F.; Diack, H. Lesley and Pennington, T. Hugh (2005)
2656:
1851:
1847:
1821:
1160:
904:
758:
656:
401:
356:
352:
293:
274:
For the disease most commonly referred to as food poisoning, see
227:
97:
6288:
6069:
5966:. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series No. 23. FAO/WHO. 2014.
5857:
5186:
Food poisoning often caused by sick restaurant workers, CDC says
3937:
Webley DJ, Jackson KL, Mullins JD, Hocking AD, Pitt JI (1997). "
2655:
In Aberdeen, in 1964, a large-scale (>400 cases) outbreak of
2039:
127,839 were hospitalized (43 per 100,000 inhabitants per year).
43:
8553:
8511:
8081:
7900:
7465:
7118:
6714:
4297:
Sabater-Vilar M, Nijmeijer S, Fink-Gremmels J (November 2003).
4243:"Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003"
3552:
Staphylococcus aureus: A Problem When Food Is Left Out Too Long
3049:. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from
2427:
2303:
1767:
1723:
1695:
1663:
1569:
1565:
1553:
1484:
775:
313:
4830:
4587:
2843:
Promoting partnership and collaboration between countries; and
8507:
8159:
7129:
5627:
5605:"Foodborne illness in Australia. Annual incidence circa 2000"
4572:
Hohn, Thomas M. "Trichothecene-resistant transgenic plants".
3192:
2270:
20,000 people were hospitalised (32 per 100,000 inhabitants);
2043:
1867:
1863:
1708:
1594:
1573:
1316:
1292:
862:
787:
of some living animal species rather than being a product of
344:
321:
305:
9126:
6343:
4754:
1340:
447:
reported the individual bacteria involved as the following:
6582:
6308:
6223:
Smith JL (2005). Fratamico PM, Bhunia AK, Smith JL (eds.).
5871:
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (April 2008).
4711:
4413:
4180:"More contaminated maize meal products withdrawn from sale"
3936:
3728:"Mycotoxins—Prevention, Detection, Impact on Animal Health"
3563:
929:
839:
526:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5374:"F.D.A. Offers Sweeping Rules to Fight Food Contamination"
5250:
4898:
2035:
million of these caused by 31 known identified pathogens.
910:
8404:
6277:
6254:
5786:. Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom. January 14, 1998
5557:"Foodborne Illness, Australia, Circa 2000 and Circa 2010"
5196:
3364:
3249:
339:
Symptoms vary depending on the cause. They often include
5989:"Prioritisation of food-borne parasites in Europe, 2016"
5717:"BBC News - Health - Sheriff criticises E. coli butcher"
4508:
Hay RJ (April 2007). "Fusarium infections of the skin".
4122:
Soriano JM (2004). "Occurrence of fumonisins in foods".
2858:
2819:
and waterborne diarrhoeal diseases kill an estimated 2.2
1770:
is variously named Cadaverine, Putrescine, etc.", while
6226:
Foodborne Pathogens: Microbiology And Molecular Biology
6117:
5729:
5567:(11). Emerging Infectious Diseases v 20:11: 1857–1864.
5450:
4337:
3789:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
3503:"Food poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins"
2828:
International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN)
1921:
1144:– In Australia, The Limit of Reporting (LOR) level for
757:
grows in improperly canned low-acid foods and produces
102:
4837:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
2784:
is the most common cause of food illness, followed by
1920:
are very sensitive to acid. An unusually high stomach
825:
443:
are a common cause of foodborne illness. In 2000, the
355:, like bacteria (if applicable), can pass through the
4658:"Zoonotic foodborne parasites and their surveillance"
4375:"Spectrum of noninfectious health effects from molds"
3500:
3312:"Phylogenomic analysis of gastroenteritis-associated
3309:
405:
that it will not cause foodborne illness is known as
5730:
Cowden JM, Ahmed S, Donaghy M, Riley A (June 2001).
5049:
3725:
1073:– Crop corn can be easily contaminated by the fungi
8886:
2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
5495:"Summary of Report of the French sanitary agencies"
5429:
4045:
4002:
3566:"Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant
3371:
Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
1027:spp. Some of the toxins can be present in sorghum,
336:that have not been boiled for at least 10 minutes.
3401:"Salmonella Infection (salmonellosis) and Animals"
705:), and staphylococcal enterotoxins (most commonly
701:including or not including diarrhea (resulting in
76:Hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls
6118:Hocking AD, Pitt JI, Samson RA, Thrane U (2005).
5333:
5156:FAO/WHO (2006). World Health Organization (ed.).
3785:"GASGA Technical Leaflet – 3 Mycotoxins in Grain"
3726:Kępińska-Pacelik, Jagoda; Biel, Wioletta (2021).
3365:Tribe IG, Cowell D, Cameron P, Cameron S (2002).
3148:. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2691:O157 was a precursor to the establishment of the
1095:in humans. For human and animal health, both the
9194:
5301:"Obama Proposes Single Overseer for Food Safety"
3647:"Good Question: Does Washing Fruit Do Anything?"
3501:Argudín MÁ, Mendoza MC, Rodicio MR (July 2010).
3286:"Foodborne Illness: What Consumers Need to Know"
3130:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3047:"Foodborne Illness - Frequently Asked Questions"
1928:Gut microbiota unaccustomed to endemic organisms
548:Other common bacterial foodborne pathogens are:
6151:. Vol. 7. Edward Arnold. pp. 167–70.
5780:"The Food Standards Agency: A Force for Change"
5699:"Food poison deaths probe may reveal NHS flaws"
5368:
3554:. Ohio State University Extension HYG-5564-11].
3071:For foodborne illness caused by chemicals, see
2595:120 deaths (0.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants)
794:
494:Most common bacterial foodborne pathogens are:
6038:, European Commission, Retrieved April 7, 2015
5407:"Annual Report of the Chief Scientist 2012/13"
5339:"F.D.A. Says Importers Must Audit Food Safety"
3764:Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition
3167:Chemistry, University of; Prague, Technology.
2966:List of foodborne illness outbreaks by country
779:, and some other bacteria, produce the lethal
8046:
6695:
6329:
6201:
5106:US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4871:
4046:Li FQ, Toyazaki N, Yoshizawa T (April 2001).
3429:
1956:may help spread these diseases, particularly
1889:has a low estimated minimum dose of < 500
255:
9061:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
8876:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
8775:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
5246:
5244:
5242:
4865:
4824:
4789:
4783:
4210:"20th Australian Total Diet Survey – Part B"
3086:"Chemicals, Metals & Pesticides in Food"
2986:United States Disease Control and Prevention
987:μg/kg The official document can be found at
895:At home, prevention mainly consists of good
8999:United Kingdom food information regulations
6305:hosted at the University of Guelph, Canada.
5877:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
5190:
4892:
4748:
3967:
3943:Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
3166:
2565:The main causes were norovirus, pathogenic
2154:Causes of death by foodborne illness in US
872:power of control and of law enforcement of
70:Hazard analysis and critical control points
8053:
8039:
6336:
6322:
6056:International Journal of Food Microbiology
5696:
5144:Salmonella Infection in Emergency Medicine
4696:
4591:International Journal of Food Microbiology
4464:
4340:International Journal of Food Microbiology
3970:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
3405:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3252:International Journal of Food Microbiology
3013:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2925:American Public Health Association v. Butz
2833:safety systems globally. This is done by:
2610:Australian Food Safety Information Council
1736:, of Bologna, introduced the generic name
1702:
861:enforcement of hygiene procedures such as
262:
248:
8837:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
6012:
5904:"Why are we seeing so many food recalls?"
5755:
5580:
5276:
5239:
5222:
5077:
5067:
4848:
4807:
4673:
4390:
4314:
4063:
3881:
3807:
3743:
3620:"FDA Says Viruses Safe for Treating Meat"
3595:
3585:
3528:
3518:
3447:
3341:
3331:
3226:
2734:Center for Science in the Public Interest
1732:In the 19th century, the Italian chemist
842:help in the prevention of food poisoning.
541:enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) which can cause
8881:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
8743:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
8060:
6280:, Fact sheet N°237, revised January 2002
6257:, Fact sheet N°124, revised January 2002
6036:"Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH)"
5901:
5463:"Report of the French sanitary agencies"
5436:. Oxford University Press. p. 290.
5364:
5362:
4372:
4237:
4235:
3841:"Mycotoxins in Feeds: CVM's Perspective"
3496:
3494:
2672:people in Aberdeen who then became ill.
2426:Causes of death by foodborne illness in
2273:500 died (0.80 per 100,000 inhabitants).
1515:
1339:
1091:(PES) in pigs, liver cancer in rats and
829:
743:The rare but potentially deadly disease
476:
387:
8851:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
7410:Ear-Nose-Throat/Upper respiratory tract
6583:Access to water, sanitation and hygiene
6005:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.9.17-00161
5610:. OzFoodNet. p. 10. Archived from
5500:(in French). INVS/Afssa. Archived from
5468:(in French). INVS/Afssa. Archived from
5155:
5126:"Infective Doses and Pathogen Carriage"
4655:
4630:(MS thesis). Texas A&M University.
4623:
4121:
4086:
3644:
3358:
3110:0157 – controlling cross-contamination"
2738:United States Department of Agriculture
2046:(1.0 per 100,000 inhabitants per year).
911:Mycotoxins and alimentary mycotoxicoses
420:, and natural toxic substances such as
14:
9195:
8866:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
8443:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
7993:Infectious disease (medical specialty)
7885:Antimicrobial resistance surveillance
6205:FoodBorne Infections and Intoxications
5430:Liebling A, Maruna S, McAra L (2017).
5329:
5327:
4790:Parmar MS, Sturge C (September 2003).
4510:Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
4260:
4080:
3832:
2907:European Committee for Standardization
2645:
2604:300,000 prescriptions for antibiotics.
466:1.4%, and all others less than 0.56%.
8034:
6317:
6222:
6146:
5923:
5921:
5804:
5425:
5423:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5359:
5119:
5117:
5115:
4997:(Massillon, OH), July 22, 1932, pg. 6
4934:
4617:
4581:
4536:
4458:
4290:
4232:
4202:
4172:
4039:
3961:
3930:
3777:
3752:
3491:
3393:
3041:
3039:
2859:Prioritisation of foodborne pathogens
2622:Deadliest foodborne illness incidents
1269:and/or skin irritation. In 1993, the
975:. Other forms of aflatoxins exist as
919:refers to the effect of poisoning by
9157:
9045:Institute for Food Safety and Health
8785:Australian meat substitution scandal
8753:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
8529:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
7240:Compartmental models in epidemiology
5980:
5954:
5554:
5534:Food Standards Australia New Zealand
4792:"Recurrent hamburger thyrotoxicosis"
4566:
4407:
4366:
4331:
4214:Food Standards Australia New Zealand
4142:
3996:
3900:Basic Food Safety for Health Workers
3686:. vetmed.ucdavis.edu. Archived from
3423:
3278:
2971:List of food contamination incidents
2748:. The petition was supported by the
2296:
2262:According to a 2012 report from the
2050:
1815:
1746:, "fall, fallen body, corpse") for
1552:Several foods can naturally contain
392:Poorly stored food in a refrigerator
9177:
9033:Food Information and Control Agency
6261:Foodborne illness information pages
5324:
4947:
4874:The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
4757:The New England Journal of Medicine
4507:
4501:
4416:Human & Experimental Toxicology
4115:
3890:
3672:
3570:From Foodborne Outbreaks in Sweden"
3470:
3430:Doyle MP, Erickson MC (June 2006).
3243:
2894:
2867:was the most relevant, followed by
2650:
1724:"Ptomaine poisoning" misconception
1604:of slaughtered animals (especially
826:Preventing bacterial food poisoning
24:
6157:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a073825
6044:
5918:
5807:"Food Poisoning: An On-going Saga"
5433:The Oxford Handbook of Criminology
5420:
5394:
5112:
3036:
3011:from websites or documents of the
2883:of highest relevance, followed by
2750:American Public Health Association
2740:to require meat packers to remove
2721:
2056:Causes of foodborne illness in US
1944:lapses in the food's preparation.
1932:Foodborne illness often occurs as
1873:
928:-contaminated peanut meal. In the
880:In August 2006, the United States
25:
9224:
9050:International Food Safety Network
8974:International Food Safety Network
8695:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
8645:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
8372:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
6274:Food safety and foodborne illness
6244:
5123:
4603:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.11.007
4373:Mazur LJ, Kim J (December 2006).
4352:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.009
3838:
3678:
3264:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.01.006
2758:Government Accountability Project
2659:occurred, caused by contaminated
2257:
1547:
9176:
9166:
9156:
9147:
9146:
9135:
9125:
9055:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
8891:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
8822:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
8817:ICA meat repackaging controversy
7989:Economics of Infectious Diseases
6029:
5697:Brian Deer (February 24, 1985).
5536:. Australian National University
5142:Owens, Michael D (January 2014)
4902:The American Journal of Medicine
3898:"Chapter 2 Foodborne Hazards in
3669:. U.D. Department of Agriculture
3007: This article incorporates
3002:
2809:
2764:, and Safe Tables Our Priority.
2728:Food safety in the United States
2681:bovine spongiform encephalopathy
2601:1.2 million doctor consultations
2013:
1908:a relatively large inoculum of 1
1899:has a relatively high estimate.
1834:bovine spongiform encephalopathy
1631:poisoning; destroyed by boiling)
42:
27:Illness from eating spoiled food
8994:Quality Assurance International
8901:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
8871:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
8765:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
8680:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
6149:Food Poisoning and Food Hygiene
6070:Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
5895:
5864:
5858:"Healthy People 2010 Home Page"
5850:
5824:
5798:
5772:
5723:
5709:
5690:
5670:
5640:
5621:
5597:
5548:
5519:
5487:
5293:
5179:
5168:
5149:
5136:
5094:
5043:
5021:"Poisoning Hits 150 in Chicago"
5013:
5000:
4985:
4976:
4961:
4928:
4705:
4690:
4662:Revue Scientifique et Technique
4649:
4578:. Priority date March 31, 1999.
4247:FAO FOOD AND NUTRITION PAPER 81
4005:Food Additives and Contaminants
3858:
3719:
3705:
3660:
3638:
3612:
3557:
3545:
3479:
3473:"Foodborne Germs and Illnesses"
3464:
3303:
3146:"Staphylococcal Food Poisoning"
2302:Causes of foodborne illness in
1947:
671:
9023:European Food Safety Authority
8896:Food safety incidents in China
8733:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
8700:Water fluoridation controversy
7998:Infectious disease informatics
7829:Transmission-based precautions
6202:Riemann HP, Cliver DO (2006).
6049:
5027:. May 27, 1944. Archived from
3645:DeRusha J (November 9, 2010).
3186:
3160:
3138:
3098:
3078:
3065:
3019:
2754:Consumer Federation of America
2598:2.1 million lost days off work
1846:During the incubation period,
1807:served by a restaurant chain.
761:, a powerful paralytic toxin.
636:Less common bacterial agents:
366:For contaminants requiring an
13:
1:
7415:Chest/Lower respiratory tract
7190:Ocular (Eye) mucosal membrane
6551:Behavioral/lifestyle factors
4973:, William Henry Porter, 1892.
4937:"The Ptomaine-Poisoning Myth"
4935:Brend, W. A. (May 25, 1934).
4726:10.1080/17843286.2017.1309336
4136:10.1016/j.foodres.2004.06.009
2997:
2663:which had been imported from
1641:paralytic shellfish poisoning
765:Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis
347:, and aches, and may include
9028:Food and Drug Administration
8710:Food contamination incidents
6977:Aerosol-generating procedure
6755:Silent/Subclinical infection
6455:Multidrug-resistant bacteria
6309:Food Standard Agency website
6251:Foodborne diseases, emerging
6229:. Horizon Scientific Press.
5929:"Symptoms of food poisoning"
5902:Severson G (June 15, 2018).
5805:Hardy A (January 13, 2016).
5561:Emerging Infectious Diseases
5257:Emerging Infectious Diseases
5203:Emerging Infectious Diseases
4982:Lancet, 3 Oct 1891, page 752
4914:10.1016/0002-9343(88)90002-2
4548:Food and Drug Administration
4522:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328014392d
4316:10.4315/0362-028X-66.11.2123
4272:Food and Drug Administration
4154:Food and Drug Administration
4095:(4): 193–8, discussion 221.
3870:EFSA Supporting Publications
3819:Food and Drug Administration
3667:How Temperatures Affect Food
3091:Food and Drug Administration
3031:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
2615:
2552:
2537:
2521:
2497:
2481:
2463:
2416:
2400:
2380:
2357:
2339:
2242:
2224:
2206:
2188:
2144:
2126:
2108:
2090:
1810:
1350:
882:Food and Drug Administration
795:Emerging foodborne pathogens
711:staphylococcal enterotoxin B
707:staphylococcal enterotoxin A
503:which can lead to secondary
7:
9082:Food and drink prohibitions
8856:Bihar school meal poisoning
8780:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
8738:1900 English beer poisoning
8092:Antibiotic use in livestock
7641:Vaccine-preventable disease
7589:Monoclonal antibody therapy
6284:UK Health protection Agency
4769:10.1056/NEJM198704163161605
4124:Food Research International
3883:10.2903/sp.efsa.2013.EN-406
2916:
2881:Echinococcus multilocularis
2873:Echinococcus multilocularis
1645:amnesic shellfish poisoning
1639:Shellfish toxin, including
936:, 5,000 people died due to
630:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
435:
64:Good manufacturing practice
10:
9229:
9077:Curing (food preservation)
8150:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
7782:Respiratory source control
6266:December 30, 2019, at the
5736:Epidemiology and Infection
5006:"Medicine: Potato Salad,"
4656:Murrell KD (August 2013).
4436:10.1191/096032701677428611
4303:Journal of Food Protection
4065:10.4315/0362-028X-64.4.567
4052:Journal of Food Protection
2725:
2619:
2002:
1998:
1866:that is absorbed into the
1287:
816:Scandinavian outbreaks of
783:, which is present in the
675:
381:
273:
9120:
9107:Genetically modified food
9069:
9007:
8959:Food labeling regulations
8931:
8827:2008 Chinese milk scandal
8708:
8630:
8577:
8506:
8456:
8428:
8390:
8279:
8187:
8135:
8068:
7972:
7926:Global Health Initiatives
7916:Evolutionary epidemiology
7864:
7656:
7611:Post-exposure prophylaxis
7547:Antimicrobial stewardship
7505:
7492:
7397:
7288:
7270:Multiplicity of infection
7235:Basic reproduction number
7210:
7182:
7168:
7154:
7138:
7106:
7068:
7011:Percutaneous inoculation
6997:
6959:
6952:
6934:
6866:
6833:
6826:
6790:
6783:
6686:
6573:
6495:Host–pathogen interaction
6470:
6364:
6357:
6121:Advances in Food Mycology
5748:10.1017/S0950268801005520
4955:Oxford English Dictionary
3909:World Health Organization
3587:10.3389/fmicb.2021.664665
3574:Frontiers in Microbiology
2816:World Health Organization
2762:National Consumers League
2746:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
2445:(per 100,000 inhabitants)
2321:(per 100,000 inhabitants)
2277:
2170:(per 100,000 inhabitants)
2072:(per 100,000 inhabitants)
1824:of illness is called the
1713:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
1614:alimentary thyrotoxicosis
605:, including O1 and non-O1
543:hemolytic-uremic syndrome
377:
332:, and various species of
8969:Food safety in Australia
8165:High-fructose corn syrup
7744:Protective sequestration
7606:Pre-exposure prophylaxis
6897:Generational difference
6450:Horizontal gene transfer
6440:Antimicrobial resistance
6111:
5069:10.1186/1471-2334-13-446
3106:"Reducing the risk from
2773:
1788:political convention in
1610:hamburger thyrotoxicosis
1089:pulmonary edema syndrome
1021:(RAD), originating from
1003:alternariol methyl ether
938:alimentary toxic aleukia
917:alimentary mycotoxicosis
703:staphylococcal enteritis
665:Plesiomonas shigelloides
650:Corynebacterium ulcerans
538:Escherichia coli O157:H7
8949:Acceptable daily intake
8861:2013 horse meat scandal
8302:Clostridium perfringens
7931:Microbial phylogenetics
7849:Wastewater surveillance
7370:Geographic distribution
7245:Critical community size
7043:Surgical site infection
6891:Iatrogenic/Medical care
6810:Microbial translocation
6806:Endogenous reactivation
6801:Normal flora overgrowth
6750:Opportunistic infection
6522:Opportunistic infection
5102:"Food-Related Diseases"
5056:BMC Infectious Diseases
4850:10.2460/javma.246.1.105
3568:Yersinia enterocolitica
3314:Clostridium perfringens
2869:Echinococcus granulosus
2592:18,000 hospitalizations
2573:spp. and non-typhoidal
2315:Annual hospitalizations
2119:Clostridium perfringens
1715:(CJD) and its variant (
1703:Other pathogenic agents
1635:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
1498:Cyclospora cayetanensis
954:Aspergillus parasiticus
819:Yersinia enterocolitica
730:Clostridium perfringens
624:Yersinia enterocolitica
610:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
515:Clostridium perfringens
505:Guillain–Barré syndrome
9017:Centre for Food Safety
8832:2008 Irish pork crisis
8534:Benzene in soft drinks
8003:Microbial bioterrorism
7626:efficacy/effectiveness
7034:Surgical intervention
6926:Breakthrough infection
6548:Genetic predisposition
6532:Susceptible individual
6379:Germ theory of disease
6082:Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
5573:10.3201/eid2011.131315
5269:10.3201/eid1701.P11101
5215:10.3201/eid1701.P21101
4675:10.20506/rst.32.2.2239
4392:10.1542/peds.2006-2829
4017:10.1080/02652030117707
3681:"Fungi and Mycotoxins"
3486:Food poisoning: Causes
3471:CDC (March 18, 2020).
3009:public domain material
2981:STOP Foodborne Illness
1698:) has medicinal uses.
1533:Sarcocystis suihominis
1523:
1483:and other free-living
1345:
1319:. It often results in
843:
573:Listeria monocytogenes
518:, the "cafeteria germ"
484:
393:
82:Critical control point
9039:Food Standards Agency
8989:Organic certification
8984:Nutrition facts label
8728:Esing Bakery incident
8516:environment pollution
7839:Universal precautions
6797:Endogenous overgrowth
6649:Poultry and livestock
5555:Kirk, Martyn (2014).
5414:Food Standards Agency
4575:U.S. patent 6,646,184
4278:on September 12, 2007
4184:Food Standards Agency
4101:10.1002/nt.2620030405
3918:on September 27, 2007
3693:on September 27, 2007
3520:10.3390/toxins2071751
3389:on February 17, 2014.
3333:10.1099/mgen.0.000297
2693:Food Standards Agency
2264:Food Standards Agency
1959:Staphylococcus aureus
1954:subclinical infection
1896:Staphylococcus aureus
1519:
1505:Entamoeba histolytica
1343:
1132:3-Nitropropionic acid
1085:leukoencephalomalacia
833:
767:, certain species of
754:Clostridium botulinum
723:Clostridium botulinum
694:Staphylococcus aureus
588:Staphylococcus aureus
480:
391:
298:contamination of food
221:Entamoeba histolytica
129:Clostridium botulinum
8808:2006 North American
8466:Acesulfame potassium
8295:Campylobacter jejuni
8189:Intestinal parasites
8062:Consumer food safety
7941:Genomic reassortment
7921:Genetic epidemiology
7760:Health communication
7688:Flattening the curve
7678:Disease surveillance
7461:Systemic/Generalized
7225:Animal disease model
6705:Asymptomatic carrier
6270:, NSW Food Authority
5658:on December 11, 2015
5617:on January 25, 2014.
5025:Kenosha Evening News
4714:Acta Clinica Belgica
4220:on September 2, 2007
4150:"CVM and Fumonisins"
2889:Trichinella spiralis
2695:which, according to
2685:1996 Wishaw outbreak
1891:colony-forming units
1458:Trichinella spiralis
1436:Ascaris lumbricoides
1076:Fusarium moniliforme
802:Aeromonas hydrophila
566:virulence properties
500:Campylobacter jejuni
450:Campylobacter jejuni
9208:Foodborne illnesses
9112:Conspiracy theories
8665:Heterocyclic amines
8569:Shellfish poisoning
8008:Pandemic prevention
7964:Viral phylodynamics
7945:Re-emerging disease
7834:Travel restrictions
7038:Postoperative wound
7007:Blood-borne disease
6989:Respiratory droplet
6901:Vertical/Congenital
6886:Nosocomial/Hospital
6843:Spillover infection
6303:Food Safety Network
5372:(January 4, 2013).
5309:. February 20, 2015
4995:Evening Independent
4992:"Report Next Week,"
4697:Britannica (2021).
4624:Schmidt HM (2004).
4428:2001HETox..20...84F
3795:on January 12, 2017
3449:10.1093/ps/85.6.960
3211:2022PhFl...34c1910C
2956:Food testing strips
2646:Society and culture
2430:
2306:
2155:
2057:
1934:travelers' diarrhea
1694:Poisonous hemlock (
1625:Phytohaemagglutinin
1586:Ciguatera poisoning
1528:Sarcocystis hominis
1465:Trichuris trichiura
951:– originating from
834:Proper storage and
709:but also including
531:S. typhimurium
426:poisonous mushrooms
330:poisonous mushrooms
296:resulting from the
205:Parasitic pathogens
120:Bacterial pathogens
8770:Toxic oil syndrome
8723:Swill milk scandal
8549:Diethylstilbestrol
8221:Diphyllobothriasis
7954:Selection pressure
7250:Force of infection
6878:Contagious disease
6813:Endogenous seeding
6710:Chain of infection
6634:Injection drug use
6545:Vaccination status
6428:Case fatality rate
6346:infectious disease
6208:. Academic Press.
5933:The Times of India
5811:History and Policy
5378:The New York Times
5343:The New York Times
5306:The New York Times
4479:10.1007/bf00490378
4385:(6): e1909–e1926.
4190:on August 13, 2007
4160:on August 12, 2007
3626:on August 25, 2006
3320:Microbial Genomics
2991:Zoonotic pathogens
2704:A Force for Change
2425:
2301:
2153:
2055:
2005:Infant food safety
1689:cardiac glycosides
1600:Hormones from the
1524:
1346:
1251:diacetoxyscirpenol
1122:Lolitrem alkaloids
1045:Cyclopiazonic acid
960:Aspergillus flavus
890:mandatory labeling
844:
485:
394:
18:Ptomaine poisoning
9190:
9189:
9097:Food preservation
8906:Foodborne illness
8458:Sugar substitutes
8211:Cryptosporidiosis
8193:parasitic disease
8107:HGH controversies
8074:food contaminants
8028:
8027:
8018:Tropical medicine
7959:Synthetic biology
7860:
7859:
7819:Social distancing
7772:Outbreak response
7393:
7392:
7220:Agent-based model
7206:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7198:
7197:
6745:Natural reservoir
6735:Infectious period
6725:Incubation period
6682:
6681:
6638:Natural disaster
6607:Tropical diseases
6590:Biodiversity loss
6527:Risk of infection
6517:Microbiome health
6510:Immunosuppression
6298:NHS Direct Online
6236:978-1-904455-00-4
6215:978-0-12-588365-8
6166:978-0-340-53740-4
6147:Hobbs BC (1993).
6141:978-0-387-28391-3
6131:978-0-387-28385-2
6107:(paper), Springer
5993:Euro Surveillance
5973:978-92-5-108199-0
5680:. Boydell Press.
5443:978-0-19-871944-1
5337:(July 26, 2013).
5335:Sabrina Tavernise
5164:on April 2, 2015.
5108:. March 29, 2018.
5031:on April 27, 2021
4309:(11): 2123–2129.
3982:10.1021/jf0000171
3745:10.3390/pr9112035
3219:10.1063/5.0083979
3199:Physics of Fluids
3073:Food contaminants
2936:Food microbiology
2885:Toxoplasma gondii
2877:Toxoplasma gondii
2549:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2446:
2421:
2420:
2322:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2171:
2149:
2148:
2073:
1936:in persons whose
1850:pass through the
1826:incubation period
1816:Incubation period
1491:Cryptosporidiosis
1403:Fasciola hepatica
1301:incubation period
1093:esophageal cancer
1087:(LEM) in horses,
657:Coxiella burnetii
617:Vibrio vulnificus
368:incubation period
286:foodborne disease
282:Foodborne illness
272:
271:
108:Water activity (a
59:Foodborne illness
16:(Redirected from
9220:
9213:Health disasters
9180:
9179:
9170:
9160:
9159:
9150:
9149:
9142:Drink portal
9140:
9139:
9138:
9130:
9129:
9041:(United Kingdom)
8790:Jack in the Box
8761:
8748:Minamata disease
8660:Food irradiation
8640:4-Hydroxynonenal
8488:Sodium cyclamate
8331:Escherichia coli
8323:Escherichia coli
8055:
8048:
8041:
8032:
8031:
8013:Tropical disease
7949:Reverse zoonosis
7936:One Health Model
7765:Health education
7754:Community health
7673:Cordon sanitaire
7646:Ring vaccination
7616:Repurposed drugs
7503:
7502:
7422:Gastrointestinal
7265:Machine learning
7069:Gastrointestinal
7020:Intravenous line
6957:
6956:
6871:/Cross-infection
6858:Reverse zoonosis
6831:
6830:
6788:
6787:
6693:
6692:
6674:War and conflict
6542:Nutrition status
6505:Immunodeficiency
6362:
6361:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6315:
6314:
6240:
6219:
6198:
6192:
6188:
6186:
6178:
6135:
6039:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6016:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5925:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5836:Federal Register
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5759:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5703:The Sunday Times
5694:
5688:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5654:. Archived from
5644:
5638:
5637:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5609:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5584:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5531:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5507:on March 3, 2016
5506:
5499:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5475:on March 3, 2016
5474:
5467:
5459:
5448:
5447:
5427:
5418:
5417:
5416:. England. 2013.
5411:
5403:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5349:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5280:
5248:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5194:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5153:
5147:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5121:
5110:
5109:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5081:
5071:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5017:
5011:
5004:
4998:
4989:
4983:
4980:
4974:
4969:Merck's Bulletin
4965:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4852:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4677:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4585:
4579:
4577:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4550:. Archived from
4540:
4534:
4533:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4394:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4274:. Archived from
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4239:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4216:. Archived from
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4186:. Archived from
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4156:. Archived from
4146:
4140:
4139:
4130:(10): 985–1000.
4119:
4113:
4112:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3976:(7): 2920–2924.
3965:
3959:
3958:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3911:. Archived from
3906:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3791:. Archived from
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3685:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3622:. Archived from
3616:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3589:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3532:
3522:
3513:(7): 1751–1773.
3498:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3407:. Archived from
3397:
3391:
3390:
3385:. Archived from
3362:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3335:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3082:
3076:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3053:on March 3, 2011
3043:
3034:
3026:"food poisoning"
3023:
3006:
3005:
2895:Regulatory steps
2567:Escherichia coli
2444:
2431:
2424:
2320:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2169:
2156:
2152:
2071:
2058:
2054:
2051:
1858:, attach to the
1766:produced by the
1760:Merck's Bulletin
1606:triiodothyronine
1375:Diphyllobothrium
1267:thrombocytopenia
1185:Sterigmatocystin
1112:Fusarochromanone
811:Aeromonas sobria
807:Aeromonas caviae
747:occurs when the
561:Escherichia coli
462:Escherichia coli
264:
257:
250:
136:Escherichia coli
90:Critical factors
46:
32:
31:
21:
9228:
9227:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9218:
9217:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9186:
9136:
9134:
9132:Food portal
9124:
9116:
9065:
9003:
8964:Food libel laws
8927:
8755:
8704:
8670:Modified starch
8632:Food processing
8626:
8573:
8502:
8452:
8448:Sodium benzoate
8424:
8386:
8381:Vibrio cholerae
8275:
8246:Gnathostomiasis
8231:Fasciolopsiasis
8183:
8131:
8122:Mercury in fish
8064:
8059:
8029:
8024:
7968:
7881:Antigenic shift
7876:Antigenic drift
7867:
7856:
7720:Barrier nursing
7668:Contact tracing
7659:
7652:
7497:
7495:
7488:
7399:
7389:
7290:
7284:
7275:Serial interval
7194:
7178:
7169:Cervico-vaginal
7164:
7155:Trans-placental
7150:
7134:
7102:
7064:
7000:Vascular system
6999:
6993:
6948:
6936:
6930:
6870:
6862:
6822:
6779:
6697:
6678:
6569:
6500:Immune response
6466:
6445:Drug resistance
6389:Infectious dose
6353:
6342:
6268:Wayback Machine
6247:
6237:
6216:
6190:
6189:
6180:
6179:
6167:
6132:
6114:
6052:
6047:
6045:Further reading
6042:
6034:
6030:
5985:
5981:
5974:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5945:
5943:
5927:
5926:
5919:
5909:
5907:
5900:
5896:
5883:(14): 366–370.
5869:
5865:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5841:
5839:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5815:
5813:
5803:
5799:
5789:
5787:
5778:
5777:
5773:
5728:
5724:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5695:
5691:
5675:
5671:
5661:
5659:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5626:
5622:
5614:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5553:
5549:
5539:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5451:
5444:
5428:
5421:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5395:
5382:
5380:
5370:Stephanie Strom
5367:
5360:
5347:
5345:
5332:
5325:
5312:
5310:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5249:
5240:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5180:
5173:
5169:
5154:
5150:
5146:. emedicine.com
5141:
5137:
5122:
5113:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5032:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5010:August 1, 1932.
5005:
5001:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4966:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4933:
4929:
4897:
4893:
4870:
4866:
4829:
4825:
4788:
4784:
4763:(16): 993–998.
4753:
4749:
4710:
4706:
4695:
4691:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4638:
4622:
4618:
4586:
4582:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4554:on June 9, 2007
4542:
4541:
4537:
4506:
4502:
4463:
4459:
4412:
4408:
4371:
4367:
4336:
4332:
4295:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4120:
4116:
4085:
4081:
4044:
4040:
4001:
3997:
3966:
3962:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3904:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3724:
3720:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3562:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3499:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3469:
3465:
3436:Poultry Science
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3411:on July 4, 2007
3399:
3398:
3394:
3363:
3359:
3326:(10): e000297.
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3248:
3244:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3024:
3020:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2961:Gastroenteritis
2919:
2897:
2861:
2830:
2812:
2776:
2736:petitioned the
2730:
2724:
2653:
2648:
2624:
2618:
2555:
2550:
2499:
2443:
2382:
2377:
2369:
2319:
2280:
2260:
2255:
2168:
2106:1,027,561 cases
2088:5,461,731 cases
2070:
2021:paid sick leave
2016:
2007:
2001:
1981:Vibrio cholerae
1950:
1930:
1902:In the case of
1886:Shigella sonnei
1880:infectious dose
1876:
1874:Infectious dose
1841:gastroenteritis
1818:
1813:
1790:Massillon, Ohio
1734:Francesco Selmi
1726:
1711:, resulting in
1705:
1620:Mushroom toxins
1550:
1521:Giardia lamblia
1512:Giardia lamblia
1389:Taenia saginata
1368:Platyhelminthes
1355:Most foodborne
1353:
1290:
1263:aplastic anemia
1215:– sourced from
1191:fumitremorgen B
1055:Ergot alkaloids
1015:tenuazonic acid
997:– are those of
913:
828:
797:
737:Bacillus cereus
680:
674:
602:Vibrio cholerae
554:Bacillus cereus
438:
386:
380:
374:, for example.
372:gastroenteritis
318:mad cow disease
316:(the agents of
284:(also known as
279:
268:
214:Cryptosporidium
174:Viral pathogens
157:Vibrio cholerae
111:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9226:
9216:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9184:
9174:
9164:
9154:
9144:
9121:
9118:
9117:
9115:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9087:Food marketing
9084:
9079:
9073:
9071:
9070:Related topics
9067:
9066:
9064:
9063:
9058:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9036:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9013:
9011:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8945:
8943:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8805:
8796:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8714:
8712:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8655:Food additives
8652:
8647:
8642:
8636:
8634:
8628:
8627:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8583:
8581:
8575:
8574:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8520:
8518:
8504:
8503:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8468:
8462:
8460:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8434:
8432:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8396:
8394:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8377:
8369:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8327:
8319:
8312:
8305:
8298:
8291:
8285:
8283:
8281:Microorganisms
8277:
8276:
8274:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8251:Paragonimiasis
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8216:Cyclosporiasis
8213:
8208:
8203:
8197:
8195:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8169:
8168:
8167:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8141:
8139:
8137:Food additives
8133:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8112:Lead poisoning
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8078:
8076:
8066:
8065:
8058:
8057:
8050:
8043:
8035:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8020:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7987:
7982:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7911:Emergent virus
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7883:
7878:
7872:
7870:
7862:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7846:
7844:Vector control
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7787:N95 respirator
7779:
7774:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7746:
7741:
7740:
7739:
7729:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7660:pharmaceutical
7654:
7653:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7550:
7549:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7527:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7509:
7507:
7506:Pharmaceutical
7500:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7457:Cardiovascular
7455:
7450:
7445:
7442:
7437:
7436:Nervous system
7434:
7431:
7430:
7429:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7412:
7403:
7401:
7395:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7315:
7305:
7300:
7294:
7292:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7260:Infection rate
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7216:
7214:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7148:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7022:
7017:
7015:Injection site
7009:
7003:
7001:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6984:Dental aerosol
6981:
6980:
6979:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6954:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6940:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6906:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6880:
6874:
6872:
6868:Human-to-human
6864:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6828:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6794:
6792:
6785:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6765:Super-spreader
6762:
6760:Superinfection
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6701:
6699:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6669:Vector control
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6598:Climate zones
6596:
6594:Climate change
6591:
6588:
6585:
6579:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6557:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6410:
6408:Quorum sensing
6405:
6404:
6403:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6381:
6376:
6370:
6368:
6359:
6355:
6354:
6341:
6340:
6333:
6326:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6300:
6294:Food poisoning
6291:
6286:
6281:
6271:
6258:
6246:
6245:External links
6243:
6242:
6241:
6235:
6220:
6214:
6199:
6191:|journal=
6165:
6144:
6130:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6099:(electronic),
6088:Mycopathologia
6084:
6067:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6028:
5979:
5972:
5953:
5917:
5894:
5863:
5849:
5823:
5797:
5771:
5742:(3): 335–341.
5722:
5708:
5689:
5669:
5648:"Food Hygiene"
5639:
5630:Food Australia
5620:
5596:
5547:
5518:
5486:
5449:
5442:
5419:
5393:
5358:
5323:
5292:
5238:
5189:
5178:
5167:
5148:
5135:
5111:
5093:
5042:
5012:
4999:
4984:
4975:
4960:
4946:
4927:
4891:
4880:(3): 135–137.
4864:
4843:(1): 105–111.
4823:
4802:(5): 415–417.
4782:
4747:
4720:(6): 451–453.
4704:
4689:
4668:(2): 559–569.
4648:
4616:
4597:(2): 164–171.
4580:
4565:
4535:
4516:(2): 115–117.
4500:
4467:Mycopathologia
4457:
4406:
4365:
4346:(3): 350–357.
4330:
4289:
4259:
4231:
4201:
4171:
4141:
4114:
4089:Natural Toxins
4079:
4058:(4): 567–571.
4038:
4011:(7): 630–634.
3995:
3960:
3955:10.1071/A97005
3949:(8): 1249–56.
3929:
3889:
3857:
3831:
3806:
3776:
3751:
3718:
3704:
3671:
3659:
3637:
3611:
3556:
3544:
3490:
3488:. Mayo Clinic.
3478:
3463:
3442:(6): 960–973.
3422:
3392:
3357:
3302:
3277:
3258:(3): 237–257.
3242:
3185:
3159:
3137:
3097:
3077:
3064:
3035:
3017:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:Mycotoxicology
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2896:
2893:
2860:
2857:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2829:
2826:
2811:
2808:
2802:bacteria, and
2775:
2772:
2726:Main article:
2723:
2720:
2652:
2651:United Kingdom
2649:
2647:
2644:
2620:Main article:
2617:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2259:
2258:United Kingdom
2256:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2015:
2012:
2003:Main article:
2000:
1997:
1949:
1946:
1938:gut microbiota
1929:
1926:
1875:
1872:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1768:comma bacillus
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1657:
1652:
1651:fish poisoning
1637:
1632:
1622:
1617:
1602:thyroid glands
1598:
1588:
1583:
1549:
1548:Natural toxins
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1443:Eustrongylides
1439:
1432:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1310:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1255:deoxynivalenol
1217:Cephalosporium
1213:Trichothecenes
1210:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1158:
1153:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1068:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
992:
912:
909:
878:
877:
870:
859:
827:
824:
814:
813:
796:
793:
741:
740:
733:
726:
715:S. aureus
673:
670:
669:
668:
661:
653:
646:
634:
633:
620:
613:
606:
598:
591:
584:
576:
569:
557:
546:
545:
534:
519:
511:
445:United Kingdom
437:
434:
379:
376:
300:by pathogenic
290:food poisoning
270:
269:
267:
266:
259:
252:
244:
241:
240:
239:
238:
231:
224:
217:
207:
206:
202:
201:
200:
199:
194:
189:
184:
176:
175:
171:
170:
169:
168:
160:
153:
146:
139:
132:
122:
121:
117:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
100:
92:
91:
87:
86:
85:
84:
79:
73:
67:
61:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9225:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9183:
9175:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9163:
9155:
9153:
9145:
9143:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9122:
9119:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9092:Food politics
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9068:
9062:
9059:
9057:(South Korea)
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9040:
9037:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9018:
9015:
9014:
9012:
9010:
9006:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8938:
8934:
8930:
8922:
8921:United States
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8842:2011 Germany
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8806:
8804:
8802:
8799:1996 Odwalla
8797:
8795:
8793:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8759:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8629:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8580:
8576:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8505:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8459:
8455:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8430:Preservatives
8427:
8421:
8420:Methamidophos
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8393:
8389:
8383:
8382:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8370:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8332:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8318:
8317:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8278:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8261:Toxoplasmosis
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8186:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8173:
8172:Vegetable oil
8170:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8134:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8056:
8051:
8049:
8044:
8042:
8037:
8036:
8033:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7971:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7863:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7824:Sterilization
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7792:Surgical mask
7790:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7749:Public health
7747:
7745:
7742:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7713:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7655:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7601:Phage therapy
7599:
7597:
7594:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7585:
7584:Immunotherapy
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7543:
7542:Antimicrobial
7540:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7491:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7433:Genitourinary
7432:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7420:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7396:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7291:in population
7287:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7255:Herd immunity
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7209:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7139:Genitourinary
7137:
7131:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7082:
7081:Contamination
7079:
7078:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7067:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7049:Vector-borne
7048:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
6996:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6951:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6933:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6835:Cross-species
6832:
6829:
6825:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6789:
6786:
6782:
6776:
6775:Window period
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6740:Latent period
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6619:Deforestation
6617:
6615:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6564:Stress levels
6563:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6396:Pathogenicity
6394:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6351:
6347:
6339:
6334:
6332:
6327:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6238:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6221:
6217:
6211:
6207:
6206:
6200:
6196:
6184:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6145:
6143:(electronic).
6142:
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5693:
5687:
5686:1-84383-138-4
5683:
5679:
5673:
5662:September 13,
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4941:The Spectator
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4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
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4334:
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4300:
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4277:
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4269:
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4248:
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4219:
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4205:
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4175:
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4110:
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4098:
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4049:
4042:
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4022:
4018:
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3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3914:
3910:
3903:
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3893:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3708:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3652:September 18,
3648:
3641:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3455:
3450:
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3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
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3406:
3402:
3396:
3388:
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3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
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3306:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:(3): 031910.
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3147:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
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2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Food spoilage
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:Taenia solium
2856:
2854:
2853:farm-to-table
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2810:Organizations
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:Campylobacter
2783:
2782:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2732:In 2001, the
2729:
2722:United States
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:campylobacter
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2669:Plate estuary
2666:
2662:
2658:
2643:
2640:
2639:public health
2635:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2571:Campylobacter
2568:
2563:
2559:
2545:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2514:Campylobacter
2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:Campylobacter
2347:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2164:Annual deaths
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2142:845,024 cases
2141:
2139:
2138:
2137:Campylobacter
2134:
2131:
2130:
2124:965,958 cases
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2042:3,037 people
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2014:United States
2011:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:Campylobacter
1961:
1960:
1955:
1952:Asymptomatic
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1597:intoxication)
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:compounds in
1567:
1563:
1562:chili peppers
1559:
1555:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:Taenia solium
1393:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Sporidesmin A
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:Cytochalasins
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:Citreoviridin
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
961:
956:
955:
950:
947:
946:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
922:
918:
908:
906:
901:
898:
893:
891:
887:
886:phage therapy
883:
875:
874:veterinarians
871:
868:
864:
860:
857:
854:
853:
852:
850:
841:
837:
836:refrigeration
832:
823:
821:
820:
812:
808:
804:
803:
799:
798:
792:
790:
789:decomposition
786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
771:
766:
762:
760:
756:
755:
750:
746:
739:
738:
734:
732:
731:
727:
725:
724:
720:
719:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
689:
685:
679:
667:
666:
662:
659:
658:
654:
652:
651:
647:
644:
643:
639:
638:
637:
632:
631:
626:
625:
621:
619:
618:
614:
612:
611:
607:
604:
603:
599:
597:
596:
595:Streptococcus
592:
590:
589:
585:
582:
581:
577:
575:
574:
570:
567:
563:
562:
558:
556:
555:
551:
550:
549:
544:
540:
539:
535:
532:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
516:
512:
510:
509:periodontitis
506:
502:
501:
497:
496:
495:
492:
490:
483:
479:
475:
472:
467:
465:
463:
458:
457:
452:
451:
446:
442:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
403:
399:
390:
385:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:, as well as
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
277:
276:Salmonellosis
265:
260:
258:
253:
251:
246:
245:
243:
242:
237:
236:
232:
230:
229:
225:
223:
222:
218:
216:
215:
211:
210:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
173:
172:
167:
165:
161:
159:
158:
154:
152:
151:
147:
145:
144:
140:
138:
137:
133:
131:
130:
126:
125:
124:
123:
119:
118:
113:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
94:
93:
89:
88:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
34:
33:
30:
19:
9102:Food quality
9009:Institutions
8905:
8843:
8809:
8800:
8791:
8675:Nitrosamines
8438:Benzoic acid
8400:Chlorpyrifos
8379:
8373:
8364:
8347:
8330:
8322:
8314:
8307:
8300:
8293:
8271:Trichuriasis
8256:Toxocariasis
8226:Enterobiasis
8102:Formaldehyde
7732:Notification
7703:Hand washing
7698:Food hygiene
7683:Disinfection
7579:Immunization
7530:Anthelmintic
7518:prophylactic
7406:Respiratory
7330:Hyperendemic
7280:WAIFW matrix
7075:
6935:Environment-
6688:Transmission
6664:Urbanization
6462:Host tropism
6358:Determinants
6344:Concepts in
6225:
6204:
6148:
6124:. Springer.
6120:
6086:
6031:
5996:
5992:
5982:
5962:
5956:
5944:. Retrieved
5932:
5908:. Retrieved
5897:
5880:
5876:
5866:
5852:
5840:. Retrieved
5835:
5826:
5814:. Retrieved
5810:
5800:
5788:. Retrieved
5783:
5774:
5739:
5735:
5725:
5711:
5702:
5692:
5677:
5672:
5660:. Retrieved
5656:the original
5651:
5642:
5636:(12): 44–50.
5633:
5629:
5623:
5612:the original
5599:
5564:
5560:
5550:
5538:. Retrieved
5533:
5521:
5509:. Retrieved
5502:the original
5489:
5477:. Retrieved
5470:the original
5432:
5413:
5388:
5381:. Retrieved
5377:
5353:
5346:. Retrieved
5342:
5318:
5313:February 22,
5311:. Retrieved
5304:
5295:
5260:
5256:
5209:(1): 16–22.
5206:
5202:
5192:
5181:
5170:
5162:the original
5151:
5138:
5130:ResearchGate
5129:
5105:
5096:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5033:. Retrieved
5029:the original
5024:
5015:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4987:
4978:
4968:
4963:
4954:
4949:
4940:
4930:
4908:(1): 10–18.
4905:
4901:
4894:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4799:
4795:
4785:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4692:
4665:
4661:
4651:
4641:December 14,
4639:. Retrieved
4626:
4619:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4568:
4556:. Retrieved
4552:the original
4547:
4538:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4473:(2): 93–97.
4470:
4466:
4460:
4422:(2): 84–89.
4419:
4415:
4409:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4280:. Retrieved
4276:the original
4271:
4262:
4250:. Retrieved
4246:
4222:. Retrieved
4218:the original
4213:
4204:
4192:. Retrieved
4188:the original
4183:
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4158:the original
4153:
4144:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4055:
4051:
4041:
4008:
4004:
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3973:
3969:
3963:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3920:. Retrieved
3913:the original
3908:
3899:
3892:
3873:
3869:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3844:
3834:
3822:. Retrieved
3818:
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:the original
3788:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3763:
3760:"Aflatoxins"
3754:
3738:(11): 2035.
3735:
3731:
3721:
3707:
3695:. Retrieved
3688:the original
3674:
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3640:
3630:September 2,
3628:. Retrieved
3624:the original
3614:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3559:
3547:
3510:
3506:
3481:
3466:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3409:the original
3404:
3395:
3387:the original
3377:(1): 38–39.
3374:
3370:
3360:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:
3280:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3176:. Retrieved
3172:
3162:
3150:. Retrieved
3140:
3114:. Retrieved
3107:
3100:
3089:
3080:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3051:the original
3029:
3021:
3001:
2941:Food quality
2931:Food allergy
2923:
2898:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2849:
2831:
2820:
2813:
2799:E. coli
2798:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2766:
2742:spinal cords
2731:
2716:Scandinavian
2711:
2708:
2703:
2699:in the 1998
2689:E. coli
2688:
2674:
2654:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2607:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2543:
2512:
2500:(95% due to
2472:
2454:
2391:
2355:~3,000 cases
2348:
2337:~8,000 cases
2330:
2284:
2281:
2261:
2248:
2233:
2215:
2197:
2179:
2135:
2117:
2099:
2081:
2066:Annual cases
2032:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1992:
1987:
1977:Enterobacter
1963:
1957:
1951:
1948:Epidemiology
1931:
1917:
1913:
1912:million to 1
1909:
1903:
1901:
1894:
1893:(CFU) while
1884:
1877:
1845:
1838:
1819:
1805:rice pudding
1797:
1794:potato salad
1783:
1771:
1759:
1758:. The 1892
1743:
1742:(from Greek
1737:
1731:
1727:
1679:
1670:Tetrodotoxin
1655:Scombrotoxin
1613:
1609:
1608:in cases of
1591:Grayanotoxin
1564:and pungent
1551:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:Acanthamoeba
1478:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1373:
1354:
1291:
1236:
1232:Stachybotrys
1230:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1207:verruculogen
1203:verrucosidin
1146:ochratoxin A
1127:Moniliformin
1107:Fusaric acid
1081:fumonisin B1
1074:
1022:
1011:altertoxin-1
984:
980:
958:
952:
934:World War II
914:
902:
894:
879:
856:traceability
845:
817:
815:
810:
806:
800:
781:tetrodotoxin
774:
768:
764:
763:
752:
742:
735:
728:
721:
714:
692:
684:enterotoxins
681:
672:Enterotoxins
663:
655:
648:
640:
635:
628:
622:
615:
608:
600:
593:
586:
578:
571:
559:
552:
547:
536:
530:
521:
513:
498:
493:
486:
481:
468:
461:
454:
448:
439:
411:
398:food storage
395:
365:
338:
328:in peanuts,
289:
285:
281:
280:
233:
226:
219:
212:
162:
155:
148:
141:
134:
127:
58:
29:
9203:Food safety
9182:WikiProject
9019:(Hong Kong)
8756: [
8718:Devon colic
8592:Breast milk
8564:Nonylphenol
8539:Bisphenol A
8476:controversy
8343:Hepatitis E
8338:Hepatitis A
8316:Enterovirus
8309:Cronobacter
8266:Trichinosis
8236:Fasciolosis
8206:Anisakiasis
8177:controversy
8070:Adulterants
7985:Eradication
7896:Biosecurity
7621:Vaccination
7596:Inoculation
7574:Drug safety
7569:Combination
7496:and Control
7444:Soft tissue
7398:Anatomical
7365:Seasonality
7345:Mesoendemic
7325:Holoendemic
7318:Farr's laws
7230:Attack rate
7028:Animal bite
7024:Insect bite
6960:Respiratory
6587:Air quality
6575:Environment
6485:Comorbidity
6401:Attack rate
6384:Infectivity
6289:US PulseNet
6050:Periodicals
5263:(1): 7–15.
4636:1969.1/2767
3876:(3). 2013.
2946:Food safety
2855:continuum.
2718:societies.
2701:white paper
2677:food safety
2661:corned beef
2531:Hepatitis A
2410:Hepatitis A
1942:food safety
1918:Salmonellae
1868:bloodstream
1830:listeriosis
1629:kidney bean
1382:Nanophyetus
1327:Hepatitis E
1313:Hepatitis A
1308:Enterovirus
1297:noroviruses
1282:Zearalenols
1277:Zearalenone
1259:neutropenia
1253:(DAS), and
1238:Trichoderma
1227:Myrothecium
1142:Ochratoxins
1083:will cause
1059:ergopeptine
1017:(TeA), and
999:alternariol
995:Altertoxins
977:metabolites
897:food safety
770:Pseudomonas
407:food safety
235:Trichinella
187:Hepatitis A
182:Enterovirus
164:Cronobacter
36:Food safety
9197:Categories
8933:Regulation
8916:death toll
8685:Shortening
8650:Acrylamide
8579:Food fraud
8559:Mycotoxins
8392:Pesticides
8366:Salmonella
8241:Giardiasis
8201:Amoebiasis
8145:Flavorings
7868:infections
7809:Sanitation
7777:Quarantine
7636:resistance
7554:Antiseptic
7535:Ascaricide
7525:Antifungal
7513:Antibiotic
7494:Prevention
7427:Intestinal
7360:Prevalence
7340:Inequality
7289:Occurrence
7088:Breastmilk
6972:Bioaerosol
6944:Sapronosis
6919:Horizontal
6791:Endogenous
6770:Viral load
6730:Index case
6066:, Elsevier
5790:August 14,
5511:October 6,
5479:October 6,
5383:January 5,
5124:Greig JD.
4971:, Volume 5
4699:"Nematode"
4558:August 13,
4379:Pediatrics
4282:August 16,
4252:August 13,
4224:August 13,
4194:August 12,
4164:August 13,
3939:Alternaria
3922:August 12,
3850:January 1,
3839:Henry MH.
3824:August 13,
3799:August 12,
3769:August 12,
3697:August 11,
3580:: 664665.
3415:August 12,
3295:August 14,
3178:October 3,
2998:References
2796:bacteria,
2793:Salmonella
2790:bacteria,
2778:In India,
2697:Tony Blair
2642:detected.
2575:Salmonella
2502:toxoplasma
2461:~300 cases
2456:Salmonella
2398:~300 cases
2378:~400 cases
2376:~500 cases
2372:Toxoplasma
2332:Salmonella
2199:Toxoplasma
2181:Salmonella
2101:Salmonella
1993:Salmonella
1969:Salmonella
1905:Salmonella
1773:The Lancet
1756:cadaverine
1752:putrescine
1676:poisoning)
1666:poisoning)
1539:Toxoplasma
1408:See also:
1247:HT-2 toxin
1199:penitrem A
1175:Phomopsins
1156:Oosporeine
1117:Kojic acid
1079:, and its
1071:Fumonisins
1066:ergotamine
1024:Alternaria
949:Aflatoxins
942:Mycotoxins
921:mycotoxins
867:cold chain
849:food chain
751:bacterium
676:See also:
660:or Q fever
523:Salmonella
482:Salmonella
456:Salmonella
414:pesticides
382:See also:
326:aflatoxins
150:Salmonella
8979:ISO 22000
8941:watchdogs
8937:standards
8911:outbreaks
8812:outbreaks
8690:Trans fat
8602:Olive oil
8524:Aflatoxin
8498:Sucralose
8483:Saccharin
8471:Aspartame
8415:Malathion
8360:Rotavirus
8355:Norovirus
7980:Discovery
7906:Disease X
7866:Emerging
7814:Screening
7715:Isolation
7559:Antiviral
7385:Twindemic
7335:Incidence
7212:Modelling
7175:Perinatal
7107:Cutaneous
6998:Linked to
6908:Perinatal
6827:Exogenous
6819:formation
6561:Pregnancy
6418:Endotoxin
6413:Virulence
6193:ignored (
6183:cite book
6105:0301-486X
6097:1573-0832
6078:1535-3141
6064:0168-1605
5941:0971-8257
5906:. KARE 11
3732:Processes
3679:Mount M.
3116:14 August
2804:norovirus
2781:Entamoeba
2665:Argentina
2616:Outbreaks
2553:Australia
2519:~15 cases
2495:~37 cases
2491:Parasites
2479:~80 cases
2414:~60 cases
2367:Parasites
2240:149 cases
2235:Norovirus
2222:255 cases
2204:327 cases
2186:378 cases
2083:Norovirus
1856:intestine
1854:into the
1811:Mechanism
1786:Communist
1748:alkaloids
1687:contains
1674:fugu fish
1649:ciguatera
1581:Alkaloids
1558:capsaicin
1357:parasites
1351:Parasites
1344:Rotavirus
1337:Rotavirus
1332:Norovirus
1243:T-2 toxin
1195:paxilline
1137:Nivalenol
1062:alkaloids
1019:radicinin
1013:(ATX-1),
1007:altenuene
973:carcinoma
969:cirrhosis
944:include:
926:aflatoxin
915:The term
884:approved
865:and the "
749:anaerobic
688:exotoxins
471:norovirus
430:reef fish
422:vomitoxin
418:medicines
361:intestine
359:into the
310:parasites
292:) is any
197:Rotavirus
192:Norovirus
9172:Cookbook
9152:Category
8954:E number
8846:outbreak
8803:outbreak
8794:outbreak
8544:Dieldrin
8493:Sorbitol
8349:Listeria
8289:Botulism
8117:Melamine
8087:Aldicarb
7889:EARS-Net
7804:Safe sex
7756:services
7727:Lockdown
7498:measures
7400:location
7380:Syndemic
7375:Sporadic
7355:Pandemic
7350:Outbreak
7308:Epidemic
7161:Prenatal
7053:Mosquito
6937:to-human
6912:Neonatal
6905:Prenatal
6853:Zoonosis
6698:concepts
6629:Humidity
6614:Commerce
6490:Diabetes
6423:Exotoxin
6264:Archived
6175:14821218
6023:29510783
5910:June 19,
5889:18401330
5766:11467789
5591:25340705
5540:April 8,
5348:July 27,
5287:21192848
5233:21192849
5088:24066865
5035:March 9,
4886:20308711
4859:25517332
4818:12952802
4742:24489342
4734:28361645
4684:24547659
4611:16387377
4530:17496567
4495:39431820
4452:37767457
4444:11327514
4401:17142508
4360:17412440
4325:14627292
4074:11307900
4033:45938351
4025:11469319
3990:10898645
3606:34054769
3539:22069659
3458:16776463
3383:11950200
3352:31553300
3290:USDA.gov
3272:17368847
3237:35392485
3173:phys.org
3126:cite web
2917:See also
2632:multiply
2535:~2 cases
2474:Listeria
2393:Listeria
2217:Listeria
1988:Yersinia
1973:Shigella
1848:microbes
1822:symptoms
1779:bacteria
1764:alkaloid
1739:ptomaine
1685:Foxglove
1660:Solanine
1473:Protozoa
1451:Toxocara
1428:Anisakis
1421:Nematode
1414:Flatworm
1410:Tapeworm
1361:zoonoses
1321:jaundice
1222:Fusarium
1167:and the
1099:and the
1035:Citrinin
965:necrosis
745:botulism
699:vomiting
678:Botulism
642:Brucella
580:Shigella
564:, other
489:pathogen
441:Bacteria
436:Bacteria
384:Pathogen
353:microbes
349:diarrhea
341:vomiting
324:such as
302:bacteria
143:Listeria
9162:Commons
9035:(Spain)
8844:E. coli
8810:E. coli
8801:E. coli
8792:E. coli
8612:Seafood
8512:poisons
8410:Lindane
8374:E. coli
8333:O157:H7
8325:O104:H4
8127:Sudan I
8097:Cyanide
7693:Hygiene
7631:booster
7564:Asepsis
7303:Endemic
7298:Cluster
6882:Source
6817:Biofilm
6654:Poverty
6624:Ecology
6602:El Niño
6555:Smoking
6433:factors
6374:Biofilm
6350:Outline
6014:5840924
5946:May 29,
5842:July 3,
5816:July 4,
5757:2869700
5582:4214288
5278:3375761
5224:3204615
5079:3849296
5062:: 446.
4922:3257352
4777:3561455
4424:Bibcode
4109:7582616
3845:FDA.gov
3597:8155512
3530:3153270
3343:6861862
3228:8958727
3207:Bibcode
3152:July 3,
3108:E. coli
3094:. 2021.
3057:July 3,
2657:typhoid
1999:Infants
1852:stomach
1662:(green
1485:amoebae
1288:Viruses
1161:Patulin
1009:(ALT),
1005:(AME),
1001:(AOH),
905:produce
785:tissues
759:botulin
464:O157:H7
459:20.9%,
453:77.3%,
402:hygiene
400:. Good
357:stomach
320:), and
306:viruses
294:illness
228:Giardia
98:FAT TOM
78:(HARPC)
72:(HACCP)
8617:Shrimp
8554:Dioxin
8508:Toxins
8082:3-MCPD
7901:CRISPR
7853:Zoning
7708:Gloves
7119:Fomite
6953:Routes
6848:Vector
6715:Fomite
6696:Basic
6659:Travel
6539:Gender
6233:
6212:
6173:
6163:
6139:
6128:
6103:
6095:
6076:
6062:
6021:
6011:
5970:
5939:
5887:
5784:gov.uk
5764:
5754:
5684:
5589:
5579:
5440:
5285:
5275:
5231:
5221:
5086:
5076:
4920:
4884:
4857:
4816:
4809:183292
4806:
4775:
4740:
4732:
4682:
4609:
4528:
4493:
4487:846559
4485:
4450:
4442:
4399:
4358:
4323:
4107:
4072:
4031:
4023:
3988:
3604:
3594:
3537:
3527:
3507:Toxins
3456:
3381:
3350:
3340:
3270:
3235:
3225:
2875:, and
2821:
2760:, the
2756:, the
2752:, the
2544:
2538:0.003
2439:Annual
2428:France
2370:incl.
2304:France
2278:France
2249:
2243:0.050
2225:0.085
2207:0.109
2189:0.126
2033:
2029:
1914:
1910:
1709:Prions
1696:conium
1664:potato
1574:onions
1570:garlic
1566:sulfur
1554:toxins
1235:, and
1205:, and
985:
981:
971:, and
776:Vibrio
529:– its
378:Causes
322:toxins
314:prions
8760:]
8607:Prawn
8587:Bread
8160:Sugar
7973:Other
7481:Fetus
7476:Mouth
7471:Tooth
7466:Blood
7453:Joint
7313:Curve
7183:Other
7130:wound
7128:Open
7098:Feces
7093:Water
6784:Modes
6642:Flood
6366:Agent
6296:from
6112:Books
5999:(9).
5615:(PDF)
5608:(PDF)
5530:(PDF)
5505:(PDF)
5498:(PDF)
5473:(PDF)
5466:(PDF)
5410:(PDF)
5008:Time,
4738:S2CID
4491:S2CID
4448:S2CID
4029:S2CID
3916:(PDF)
3905:(PDF)
3691:(PDF)
3684:(PDF)
2774:India
2522:0.02
2482:0.13
2436:Cause
2383:0.65
2312:Cause
2161:Cause
2063:Cause
1864:toxin
1860:cells
1784:At a
1744:ptōma
1627:(red
1595:honey
1317:liver
1293:Viral
863:HACCP
345:fever
334:beans
308:, or
66:(GMP)
51:Terms
8155:Salt
7737:list
7658:Non-
7448:Bone
7440:Skin
7124:Soil
7114:Burn
7076:Food
7058:Tick
6720:Host
6480:Burn
6472:Host
6231:ISBN
6210:ISBN
6195:help
6171:PMID
6161:ISBN
6137:ISBN
6126:ISBN
6101:ISSN
6093:ISSN
6074:ISSN
6060:ISSN
6019:PMID
5968:ISBN
5948:2023
5937:ISSN
5912:2018
5885:PMID
5844:2016
5818:2016
5792:2016
5762:PMID
5682:ISBN
5664:2015
5652:BUPA
5587:PMID
5542:2023
5513:2004
5481:2004
5438:ISBN
5385:2013
5350:2013
5315:2015
5283:PMID
5229:PMID
5084:PMID
5037:2015
4918:PMID
4882:PMID
4855:PMID
4814:PMID
4796:CMAJ
4773:PMID
4730:PMID
4680:PMID
4643:2022
4607:PMID
4560:2007
4526:PMID
4483:PMID
4440:PMID
4397:PMID
4356:PMID
4321:PMID
4284:2007
4254:2007
4226:2007
4196:2007
4166:2007
4105:PMID
4070:PMID
4021:PMID
3986:PMID
3924:2007
3852:2012
3826:2007
3801:2007
3771:2007
3699:2007
3654:2016
3632:2014
3602:PMID
3535:PMID
3454:PMID
3417:2007
3379:PMID
3348:PMID
3297:2016
3268:PMID
3233:PMID
3180:2022
3154:2016
3132:link
3118:2016
3059:2016
2887:and
2814:The
2498:0.06
2464:0.5
2442:Rate
2417:0.1
2401:0.5
2358:4.8
2318:Rate
2167:Rate
2069:Rate
2044:died
1985:and
1878:The
1799:Time
1754:and
1717:vCJD
1647:and
1572:and
1412:and
1359:are
1029:ragi
957:and
930:USSR
840:food
773:and
645:spp.
627:and
583:spp.
527:spp.
507:and
288:and
8622:Tea
8597:Egg
8405:DDT
7797:PPE
7485:Eye
7146:Sex
6967:Air
6536:Age
6278:WHO
6255:WHO
6153:doi
6009:PMC
6001:doi
5752:PMC
5744:doi
5740:126
5577:PMC
5569:doi
5273:PMC
5265:doi
5219:PMC
5211:doi
5074:PMC
5064:doi
4910:doi
4845:doi
4841:246
4804:PMC
4800:169
4765:doi
4761:316
4722:doi
4670:doi
4632:hdl
4599:doi
4595:108
4518:doi
4475:doi
4432:doi
4387:doi
4383:118
4348:doi
4344:116
4311:doi
4132:doi
4097:doi
4060:doi
4013:doi
3978:doi
3951:doi
3878:doi
3740:doi
3592:PMC
3582:doi
3525:PMC
3515:doi
3444:doi
3338:PMC
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