40:
2395:
2580:
2530:. From there he mounted another invasion of Cyprus in 106 BC, which succeeded in conquering the island. He initially maintained control of Cyrene, but it seems to have come under the control of his half brother Ptolemy Apion some time after 105 BC. Apion protected his position by publishing a will which left all his territories to Rome in the event that he died without heirs, a method which was often used by Hellenistic kings to prevent rivals from attempting to depose or assassinate them. However, he actually died without heirs in 96 BC, meaning that Rome inherited the territory.
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2333:, daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II, as a second wife. The conflict eventually led to a civil war with Cleopatra II on one side and Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III on the other (132-126 BC). Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III were victorious, but reconciled with Cleopatra II and restored her as co-regent in 124 BC.
2344:; twin in his birthplace with the son of Isis" which seems to indicate that he was born in the same year as an Apis bull, i.e. 143/2 BC. This would put his birth two years before his parents' marriage, which took place in 141 BC. Some historians, like Günther Hölbl, consider this insuperable and propose to place his birth in 140 or 139 BC instead.
2466:. On the way to meet Antiochus IX, Cleopatra IV stopped in Cyprus, where she recruited an army and seized control of the Cypriot fleet, in order to aid Antiochus IX. Perhaps as a result of this, in 114/113 BC, Ptolemy X proclaimed himself 'King of Cyprus', openly declaring his opposition to Ptolemy IX.
2441:(Mother-loving Saviour). This was the same epithet that Cleopatra II and taken on during her civil war with Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III, which suggests that she played a controlling role in the new regime. Ptolemy X was sent to Cyprus to serve as governor of Cyprus soon after Ptolemy IX's accession.
2329:. However, when Ptolemy VI died in 145 BC, Ptolemy VIII was invited back to Egypt to serve as king, marrying his sister Cleopatra II, also sister and widow of Ptolemy VI. The relationship between Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II rapidly deteriorated, especially when Ptolemy VIII took
2672:
On 5 August 81 BC, Ptolemy IX promoted his daughter
Berenice III, who had previously been the wife and co-regent of Ptolemy X, to the status of co-regent. Some sources claim that Ptolemy IX had made Berenice III his co-regent at the start of his second reign in 88 BC, but all
2840:
The mother of
Ptolemy IX's daughter, Berenice III is not certain either. Cleopatra IV and Cleopatra Selene are candidates, with the former favoured by modern scholarship. Bennett noted that Berenice III's legitimacy was never questioned by ancient historians, and the illegitimacy
2484:
Ptolemy IX supported
Antiochus IX in his conflict with Antiochus VIII. In 114 BC, Cleopatra IV had been captured and murdered by Antiochus VIII's wife Tryphaena, who was murdered in turn by Antiochus IX in 111 BC. In 109 BC, Ptolemy IX sent Antiochus IX fresh
2729:
region. Papyrus letters survive that instruct all local officials to treat him with the greatest respect and provide him with the most luxurious accommodation. The visit is a sign of the extent to which the
Ptolemies now sought to conciliate the Roman Republic. It is also an early example of Roman
2836:
and
Christopher Bennett argue that they were considered illegitimate simply because their mother had not been a co-regnant queen. They propose Cleopatra IV as the mother, in which case Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus would have been born in 117 and 116 BC respectively. Bennett further
2429:
Some historians have found this account plausible. However, Chris
Bennett argues that it is a false story that was invented by Cleopatra III at a later date. He points out that Justin's story assumes that Cleopatra III was the only living queen at the time of Ptolemy VIII's death.
2277:
in 130 BC, during a civil war between
Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II. On his father's death in 116 BC, he became co-regent with Cleopatra II (until 115 BC) and with Cleopatra III. He eventually quarrelled with his mother and in 107 BC, she deposed him and replaced him with his
2637:, in return for which he produced a will which left his kingdom to the Romans. Although they chose not to take advantage of this, the possibility of Roman intervention hung over Ptolemy IX for the rest of his reign and forced him to adopt a highly deferential posture with the Romans.
2954:
Numbering the
Ptolemies is a modern convention. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower. The most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case is by epithet (e.g. "Philopator"). Ptolemy IX also took the same title 'Soter' as
2514:. Cleopatra III then had him brought to Alexandria and placed on the throne as her new co-regent. Ptolemy IX had left his two sons behind when he fled Alexandria. He also abandoned Cleopatra Selene, who now seems to have been married to Ptolemy X.
2449:
Cleopatra II died some time before April 115 BC and at this point
Cleopatra III became the dominant force in the government. Ptolemy IX was forced to divorce his sister-wife Cleopatra IV, who went off and married her cousin, the Seleucid king
2509:
servants and displayed them to the people as evidence that her son had attempted to have her assassinated, causing the
Alexandrians to riot and expel Ptolemy IX from the city. While this was taking place, Ptolemy X had left Cyprus and sailed to
2477:. Cleopatra Selene was not made co-regent with her new husband, as would have been normal. Instead, in documents from this period, the royal couple were Cleopatra III and Ptolemy IX, who were integrated into the Ptolemaic dynastic cult as the
2355:, the year after Ptolemy Memphites had done the same. However, during the civil war, in 130 BC, Cleopatra II attempted to have Ptolemy Memphites crowned as her co-ruler, so Ptolemy VIII had him murdered, leaving Ptolemy IX as the heir.
2286:, but was prevented by Ptolemy X from invading Egypt (103–102 BC). In 88 BC, the Alexandrians expelled Ptolemy X and restored Ptolemy IX to the throne. He reigned alone until 81 BC, when he appointed his daughter
2701:
and ensure the success of the next. The fact that Ptolemy IX carried this ritual out personally, rather than letting a local priest carry it out in his stead, shows the extent to which Ptolemy embraced the Pharaonic role.
2591:
The army and people of Alexandria turned against Ptolemy X in spring 88 BC and expelled him from Egypt. The Alexandrians then recalled Ptolemy IX to the throne. Ptolemy IX was formally re-crowned as Pharaoh at
2804:
are disputed. According to Justin, Cleopatra Selene and Ptolemy IX had two children. The historian John Whitehorne noted that the existence of those two children is doubted and they might have died at a young age.
2607:
When Ptolemy IX returned to Egypt, the south of the country had been under the control of Egyptian rebels since 91 BC. Ptolemy sent a large force south in November 88 BC, under the command of the general Hierax.
2562:, while Cleopatra III besieged Ptolemais Akko. Ptolemy IX attempted to slip past them and into Egypt, but Ptolemy X managed to rush back and stop him. Ptolemy IX spent the winter encamped at
2673:
documentary evidence shows that he reigned alone until 81BC. Ptolemy died shortly thereafter, probably in December of the same year, leaving her alone on the throne. After a few months of sole rule, her cousin
2632:
After his expulsion from Alexandria, Ptolemy X made an attempt to invade Cyprus and recapture control, but was killed in the attempt. Before his death, however, he had taken out a large loan from the
2652:(89-84 BC). Ptolemy hosted Lucullus magnificently, but did not offer him any material support. This was probably partially due to the confused political situation – the Roman war effort was being led by
2553:
with impunity. Fearing that Ptolemy IX was planning to use Judaea as a springboard for an invasion of Egypt, Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X invaded Judaea themselves. Ptolemy X invaded
2824:
wrote that Berenice III was Ptolemy IX's only legitimate offspring. This has discouraged the identification of Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus with the two sons mentioned by Justin.
2430:
Documentary evidence shows that Cleopatra II was still alive in 116 BC, which makes it unlikely that Cleopatra III would have been allowed sole power to decide who would be king.
2841:
of Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra IV's marriage makes it more probable that Berenice III was the result of a legitimate marriage, that is between her father and Cleopatra Selene.
2426:
implies that Cleopatra III's request to send Ptolemy IX to Cyprus in 117 BC had been intended to get him out of the way in order to enable Ptolemy X's succession.
642:
399:
2325:. All three ruled together from 169 BC until 164 BC, when Ptolemy VIII expelled his brother from power. In 163 BC, he was expelled in turn and forced to withdraw to
3615:
Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd (2013) . "Cleopatra V Berenike III". In Bagnall, Roger S.; Brodersen, Kai; Champion, Craige B.; Erskine, Andrew; Huebner, Sabine R. (eds.).
316:
The strong bull and sovereign who shines in Ta-mery like the living Apis bull, whom has been given many Sed festivals like Ptah Ta-tjenen, and father of the gods
8871:
2697:
in order to celebrate the festival there in honour of the Great God of the Nile – a traditional Pharaonic duty which was meant to give thanks for the
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523:
983:
Lord of Egypt who rules in joy, the lord of the Sed festival like Ptah-Tatenen, king of the Gods, who determines the laws like the great god Thoth
2705:
It is possible that construction of certain buildings occurred during the first reign of Ptolemy IX. This would have included work on the
2406:, Ptolemy VIII's will left Cleopatra III in charge of Egypt, with the right to choose either Ptolemy IX or his younger brother
5168:
1149:
Sheseptamery Heqa'efemhaau Nebhabusedashauwerumiitefptatatenensemsunetjeru Shesepenefnesytenraemqenunekhet Itiwedjamaat Semenhepumidjehutia'a
2037:
3975:
2351:, the son of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II, who was roughly the same age as him. In 134/3 BC, Ptolemy IX served as the annual
1339:
39:
8965:
2604:, since it recalled his mother. The cults and memory of Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X seem to have been officially suppressed.
2336:
Ptolemy IX was the son of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. The exact date of his birth is a bit unclear. As pharaoh, his
2433:
At any rate, Cleopatra II, Cleopatra III, and Ptolemy IX (in that order) are listed together as co-rulers in surviving
1145:šzp-tꜢmri ḥḳꜢ.f-m-ḥꜤꜤw nb-ḥꜢbw-sd-ꜤšꜢw-wrw-mi-it.f-Ptḥ-tꜢṯnn-smsw-nṯrw šzp.n.f-nsyt-n-rꜤ-m-ḳnw-nḫt ity-wḏꜤ-MꜢꜤt smn-hpw-mi-ḏḥwti-ꜤꜢ-ꜤꜢ
8886:
8881:
1721:
1579:
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Around 117 BC, Ptolemy IX was sent to Cyprus, reportedly at his mother's request, where he served as governor of the island (
1876:
1745:
1604:
1466:
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909:
152:
Distinguished through his birth together with the living Apis, godlike at conception, twin in his birthplace with the son of Isis
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133:
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1152:
Who, seizing Egypt, rules in joy, the lord of many great Sed festivals like his father Ptah-Tatenen, the oldest of the Gods
2541:. The city appealed to Ptolemy IX for help and he sailed over and caused Jannaeus to lift his siege. He then invaded
8841:
6621:
6409:
17:
2725:
embassy led by the senator Lucius Memmius, arrived in Egypt in 112 BC. As part of his visit, he was given a tour of the
8830:
7591:
7307:
6175:
5435:
5409:
2959:. In older references and in more recent references by the German historian Huss, Ptolemy IX may be numbered VIII.
2742:
provide evidence for another set of early Roman tourists. Dated to 116 BC, they are the earliest known examples of the
2566:, before deciding to sail back to Cyprus in early 102 BC. Nothing further is known about his activities until 88 BC.
8960:
8955:
8896:
3968:
8083:
1932:
124:
8945:
8133:
7860:
7716:
5092:
4984:
3738:
3592:
5173:
8429:
8219:
8151:
8016:
7883:
7793:
7606:
5724:
5233:
5219:
5087:
5072:
4227:
3065:
3653:
3206:
3135:
8001:
7938:
7221:
5377:
5082:
5067:
5042:
5019:
4999:
2136:
2991:
2837:
proposes that Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus are identical with the two sons mentioned by Justin.
8362:
7471:
7383:
6868:
6645:
6636:
5281:
5266:
5077:
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5047:
5032:
4989:
4961:
4172:
3961:
3271:
2584:
2152:
3353:
2796:
At least three children are attested for Ptolemy IX. The birth dates and parentage of his two sons
8191:
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7261:
7088:
7020:
5602:
5097:
5052:
5027:
5004:
4974:
4795:
2825:
2141:
3091:
2526:. There forces loyal to Cleopatra III and Ptolemy X rebuffed him, forcing him to retreat to
8712:
6483:
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4994:
4897:
4854:
4680:
4433:
4077:
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2113:
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5228:
5214:
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5190:
5057:
4979:
4907:
4892:
4859:
4849:
4725:
4438:
2677:
was placed on the throne as her co-regent, murdered her, was murdered himself, and was replaced by
2645:
2418:. Justin further claims that Cleopatra III wanted to choose Ptolemy X, but the people of
1956:
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1358:
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6606:
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5210:
5102:
4969:
4916:
4882:
4874:
4823:
4818:
4504:
4328:
4207:
4141:
4049:
4016:
3681:
Bennett, Christopher J. (1997). "Cleopatra V Tryphæna and the Genealogy of the Later Ptolemies".
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4202:
4197:
4177:
4167:
4151:
4146:
4011:
2833:
2829:
2649:
2458:
was Cleopatra III's sister. Antiochus IX was waging a war against his half-brother
2167:
2102:
109:
98:
3798:
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4001:
2612:
was quickly recaptured and severely sacked. Ptolemaic control was restored as far south as
2501:
In autumn 107 BC, a new conflict broke out between Cleopatra III and Ptolemy IX.
8:
8402:
8377:
8342:
8279:
7654:
7629:
6833:
6828:
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5683:
5299:
5251:
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4828:
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4408:
4343:
4285:
4212:
4192:
4156:
4102:
4097:
4006:
2282:. However, Ptolemy IX succeeded in seizing control of Cyprus. From there he invaded
70:
2828:
suggested that Ptolemy XII's mother was a Syrian or a partly Greek concubine while
8692:
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6813:
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5655:
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2534:
2527:
2403:
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62:
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1355:
Iwa(en)netjermenekhnetjeretmeretmutesnedjet(et) Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhemankhamun
976:
nb-tꜢmri ḥḳꜢ.f-m-ḥꜤꜤw nb-ḥꜢbw-sd-mi-tꜢṯnn-it-nṯrw-nsyt(?) ity-smn-hpw-mi-ḏḥwti-ꜤꜢ-ꜤꜢ
313:
Kanakht itypesedjemtamerimihapuankh redjenefhabusedashauwerumiptah-tatjenenitnetjeru
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2660:. Moreover, Mithridates VI had managed to capture Ptolemy's sons, who had been on
980:
Nebtamery Heqa'efemhaau Nebhabusedmitatenenitnetjerunesut Itysemenhepumidjehutia'a
8698:
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from 115 BC, until he abandoned her during his flight from Alexandria in 107 BC.
2759:
2366:, who probably gave birth to two sons while the couple was on Cyprus: the future
2247:
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309:
kꜢ-nḫt jty-psḏ-m-tꜢmrj-mj-ḥpw-Ꜥnḫ rdj-n.f-ḥꜢbw-sd-ꜤšꜢw-wrw-mj-ptḥ-tꜢṯnn-jt-nṯrw
2444:
2273:
Ptolemy IX became the heir apparent after the murder of his half-brother
8939:
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6783:
6590:
6521:
6511:
6373:
6127:
5875:
5818:
5771:
5608:
5567:
5153:
5142:
4640:
4630:
4587:
4552:
4280:
3886:
3702:
2731:
2609:
2415:
2411:
2330:
2326:
2255:
93:
76:
3752:. Phoenix: Supplementary Volume. Vol. 24. University of Toronto Press.
3545:
8558:
8392:
8382:
8357:
8209:
8159:
8118:
7844:
7756:
7644:
7557:
7537:
7456:
7421:
7416:
7302:
7241:
6951:
6773:
6763:
6726:
6681:
6595:
6585:
6575:
6491:
6207:
6084:
5893:
5834:
5694:
5641:
5546:
5195:
5158:
5122:
4775:
4760:
4675:
4615:
4577:
4557:
4542:
4217:
3932:
3890:
3869:
3694:
2918:
2779:
2546:
2474:
2451:
2363:
2322:
2318:
2303:
2287:
2263:
2251:
114:
89:
1985:
1819:
1668:
1528:
1386:
1158:
989:
832:
698:
546:
321:
157:
8662:
8607:
8458:
8407:
8327:
8199:
8091:
8073:
8031:
7942:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7777:
7761:
7734:
7699:
7689:
7624:
7577:
7567:
7552:
7542:
7489:
7451:
7426:
7406:
7396:
7162:
7146:
7121:
7116:
6916:
6843:
6753:
6736:
6691:
6666:
6600:
6580:
6565:
6547:
6277:
6272:
6079:
5906:
5886:
5700:
5634:
5625:
5509:
4735:
4730:
4670:
4655:
4592:
4537:
4514:
4509:
4484:
4222:
2864:
2797:
2763:
2694:
2678:
2617:
2522:
After his expulsion from Alexandria, Ptolemy IX went to the isle of
2367:
1351:
iwꜤ-(n)-nṯr-mnḫ-nṯrt-mr(t)-mwt.s-nḏt(t) stp.n-ptḥ iri-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ sḫm-Ꜥnḫ-imn
2817:
8779:
8733:
8686:
8641:
8613:
8434:
8317:
8242:
8169:
8058:
7873:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7783:
7771:
7751:
7724:
7694:
7674:
7619:
7572:
7547:
7479:
7441:
7411:
7401:
7141:
6941:
6931:
6701:
6696:
6661:
6570:
6542:
6363:
6267:
6262:
6247:
6232:
6040:
6034:
5948:
5676:
5494:
5431:
5294:
5261:
5127:
4785:
4645:
4532:
4499:
4461:
4453:
2698:
2674:
2486:
2419:
2337:
2314:
2290:
as co-regent shortly before his own death. She succeeded him as ruler.
2754:
2656:, but he had been declared an outlaw by the government in Rome led by
825:
Werpehty Sekhemwadjwer Itiiwatawyemmaatkheru Menkhibkhernetjeruremetju
8719:
8634:
8597:
8523:
8517:
8444:
8424:
8141:
8123:
8068:
8048:
7911:
7746:
7729:
7679:
7532:
7499:
7494:
7436:
7235:
7056:
7009:
6961:
6921:
6898:
6671:
6537:
6506:
6160:
6074:
5900:
5781:
5518:
5163:
5147:
4780:
4770:
4745:
4715:
4620:
4562:
4494:
4489:
4242:
4237:
4112:
4034:
3953:
3859:
2956:
2932:
2644:
arrived in Alexandria seeking financial and military support against
2563:
2555:
2463:
2407:
2347:
Initially, Ptolemy IX was not the heir to the throne – that was
2341:
2310:
2279:
2462:(r. 125–96 BC), who was married to Cleopatra IV's elder sister
2437:
documents from October 116 BC. Ptolemy IX received the epithet
2266:
and mother Cleopatra III from 116 to 107 BC, and then again as
8789:
8784:
8773:
8740:
8655:
8648:
8602:
8574:
8568:
8533:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8113:
8053:
7896:
7868:
7461:
7391:
7203:
7189:
7169:
7131:
7043:
6988:
6946:
6778:
6748:
6711:
6656:
6501:
6378:
6283:
6227:
6122:
6029:
6023:
6012:
5978:
5862:
5848:
5841:
5828:
5792:
5532:
4740:
4665:
4650:
3471:
3423:
2735:
2641:
2559:
2511:
2239:
58:
8766:
8705:
8548:
8232:
8043:
8037:
8025:
7906:
7901:
7838:
7817:
7662:
7614:
7514:
7504:
7229:
7126:
7096:
7078:
7067:
7050:
7002:
6995:
6926:
6848:
6496:
6304:
6290:
6202:
6153:
6059:
6002:
5953:
5786:
5776:
5756:
5689:
5539:
5418:
5309:
4705:
2542:
2434:
2243:
50:
5430:
2832:
suggested that she was a member of the Egyptian elite. However,
8673:
8543:
8180:
8063:
7668:
7639:
7509:
7484:
7276:
7210:
7036:
7029:
6956:
6911:
6905:
6731:
6651:
6237:
6064:
6017:
5971:
5943:
5869:
5747:
5706:
5588:
5553:
5525:
4720:
3494:
3478:
2809:
2767:
2739:
2730:
tourism in Egypt, which would become a major phenomenon in the
2726:
2613:
2596:
in November. In his first reign, Ptolemy had borne the epithet
2550:
2523:
2506:
2298:
2283:
2789:
until he was forced to divorce her in 115 BC, and secondly to
2778:
Ptolemy IX is only known to have married twice, first to
2340:
was "Distinguished through his birth together with the living
149:
Djosermesuthenahapuankh netjerikheperu sensenmesekhenetsa'Aset
8759:
8538:
8528:
8506:
8164:
7073:
7061:
6974:
6891:
6742:
6676:
6338:
6007:
5965:
5959:
5751:
5710:
5581:
5574:
5560:
2653:
2621:
2227:
821:
wr-pḥti sḫm-WꜢḏ-wr iti-iwꜤ-tꜢwi-m-mꜢꜤ-ḫrw mnḫ-ib-ḫr-nṯrw-rmṯw
641:
398:
8511:
8501:
7891:
7766:
6967:
6297:
6117:
6099:
5984:
5766:
5761:
5595:
5387:
3120:
2710:
2690:
2505:
claims that Cleopatra III wounded a number of her own
2445:
Divorce, remarriage, and intervention in Seleucid civil war
1996:
1830:
1679:
1539:
1397:
1181:
1012:
855:
721:
569:
346:
182:
2600:(Mother-loving saviour), but on his return he dropped the
6716:
3568:
2661:
2627:
2485:
troops to aid him in a campaign against the Jewish ruler
7937:
3036:
Ptolemy Soter II and Ptolemy Alexander I at LacusCurtius
2469:
Meanwhile, Ptolemy IX married his younger sister,
145:ḏsr-mswt-ḥnꜤ-ḥpw-Ꜥnḫ nṯrj-ḫpr(w) snsn-msḫn(t)-nt-zꜢ-Ꜣst
3580:
3633:
2689:
In August 115 BC, Ptolemy IX travelled down the
2620:, which had come under the control of the kingdom of
2402:
On 28 June 116, Ptolemy VIII died. According to
2545:, defeated Jannaeus in a battle at Asophon near the
3038:— (Chapter XI of E. R Bevan's
2812:and other ancient sources as an illegitimate son;
2414:was left to Ptolemy VIII's illegitimate son,
2398:Coronation of Ptolemy IX depicted at Kom Ombo
3795:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
2422:rioted and forced her to choose Ptolemy IX.
2362:). Shortly before this he had married his sister
8937:
3712:Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Behind the Legend
3614:
3617:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History (13 Vols.)
2360:strategos, nauarchos, archiereus, archikynegos
539:Sekhasumutefhernesutitef ititawy em Maat-kheru
5403:
3969:
2517:
2496:
2293:
691:Werpehty Khentishenehe Semenhepumidjehutia'a
535:sḫꜤi-sw-mwt.f-ḥr-nst-jt.f jṯj-tꜢwj m mꜢꜤ-ḫrw
3224:
2384:
1951:Ptolemaios, living forever, beloved of Ptah
5410:
5396:
3976:
3962:
3766:
3574:
2569:
38:
27:2nd/1st century BC king of Ptolemaic Egypt
3619:. Vol. III: Be-Co. Wiley-Blackwell.
3315:
3313:
3311:
3031:
3029:
3027:
2716:
2648:, with whom the Romans were fighting the
687:wr-pḥti ḫnti-š-nḥḥ smn-hpw-mi-ḏḥwti-ꜤꜢ-ꜤꜢ
8820:
3750:Near Eastern Royalty and Rome, 100–30 BC
3747:
3709:
3598:
3586:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3188:
3186:
3184:
2753:
2578:
2393:
2313:died in 180 BC, he left three children:
2297:
3680:
3639:
3526:Ta nomismata tou kratous ton Ptolemaion
2935:(101-88 BC), Queen of Egypt (81-80 BC)
2667:
2389:
343:
179:
14:
8938:
7967:
7332:
6434:
5460:
3983:
3308:
3024:
3014:
3012:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2749:
2628:Roman claims and First Mithridatic War
2624:during the revolt, was not reclaimed.
8819:
7936:
7301:
6403:
5429:
5391:
4908:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
3957:
3728:
3552:. C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, p. 674-675
3509:
3447:
3432:
3319:
3302:
3289:
3263:
3192:
3181:
3051:
3018:
2888:King of Egypt (80-58 & 55-51 BC)
2640:In 86 BC, a Roman fleet commanded by
8472:
5376:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
3733:. London & New York: Routledge.
3645:
3391:
3345:
3198:
2681:, another child of Ptolemy IX.
2473:, with whom he soon had a daughter,
3651:
3539:
3397:
3351:
3269:
3204:
3133:
3127:
3089:
3083:
3063:
3057:
3009:
2989:
2972:
2808:Ptolemy XII is referred to by
2262:in joint rule with his grandmother
24:
2558:by sea and then marched inland to
2533:In 103 BC, the new Hasmonean King
2481:(The Mother-loving Saviour Gods).
25:
8982:
8966:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty
3799:Ptolemy IX (Soter) at Thebes
3786:
3731:A History of the Ptolemaic Empire
3563:Epitome of the Philippic History
2869:
2072:
1989:
1911:
1823:
1778:
1672:
1627:
1532:
1487:
1390:
640:
502:
397:
292:
44:Probable bust of Ptolemy IX
3674:
3608:
3555:
3550:Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit
3515:
3503:
3488:
3465:
3453:
3417:
3371:
3325:
3251:
3235:
3231:Antiochus IX at Livius.org
3169:
3153:
2118:
2107:
3109:
3045:
2948:
2574:
13:
1:
8971:Ptolemaic governors of Cyprus
8430:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
5380:in most of their territories.
4178:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
3689:. Peeters Publishers: 39–66.
3532:(n°1838), & vol. III-IV,
2966:
2901:
2877:
2783:
2583:Probable bust of Ptolemy IX,
2454:(r. 115–95 BC), whose mother
2375:
2353:priest of Alexander the Great
1939:
1346:
971:
530:
140:
5417:
2137:Berenice III, Queen of Egypt
7:
8363:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
4173:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
3528:, Athens, 1904, vol. I-II,
2585:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
2153:Cleopatra V, Queen of Egypt
1948:Petulemis Ankhdjet meryptah
10:
8987:
7262:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
6646:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
6410:Second Intermediate Period
3748:Sullivan, Richard (1990).
3714:. Hodder & Stoughton.
3336:Epitome of Pompeius Trogus
3242:Ptolemy VI Philometor
3164:Epitome of Pompeius Trogus
2913:King of Cyprus (80-58 BC)
2518:King of Cyprus (107–88 BC)
2479:Theoi Philometores Soteres
2142:Ptolemy XII, King of Egypt
2063:
2004:
1999:
1960:
1902:
1838:
1833:
1795:
1769:
1687:
1682:
1644:
1618:
1547:
1542:
1504:
1478:
1405:
1400:
1362:
1340:Prenomen (Praenomen)
1314:
1187:
1184:
1162:
1124:
1018:
1015:
993:
939:
861:
858:
836:
800:
727:
724:
702:
666:
645:
575:
572:
550:
493:
402:
354:
349:
325:
283:
190:
185:
161:
8924:
8826:
8815:
8713:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
8457:
8403:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
8298:
8270:
8255:
8218:
8190:
8150:
8132:
8082:
8015:
8000:
7958:
7954:
7932:
7882:
7859:
7792:
7715:
7653:
7605:
7590:
7523:
7470:
7382:
7367:
7323:
7319:
7308:Third Intermediate Period
7297:
7220:
7179:
7087:
7019:
6867:
6635:
6620:
6556:
6530:
6482:
6467:
6425:
6421:
6399:
6354:
6314:
6189:
6174:
6108:
6050:
5993:
5934:
5919:
5809:
5738:
5723:
5624:
5508:
5493:
5451:
5447:
5436:First Intermediate Period
5425:
5374:
5280:
5111:
5018:
4960:
4873:
4794:
4601:
4523:
4475:
4452:
4294:
4251:
4122:
4078:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
4068:
4025:
3992:
3944:
3937:
3927:
3919:
3912:
3906:
3896:
3874:
3866:
3856:
3847:
3839:
3834:
3807:
3767:Whitehorne, John (1994).
2684:
2497:Expulsion from Alexandria
2390:Will of Ptolemy VIII
2374:, future king of Cyprus,
2294:Background and early life
2219:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2126:
2098:
2003:
1938:
1931:
1837:
1686:
1546:
1404:
1345:
1338:
1186:
1142:Second Golden Horus name:
1017:
970:
963:
860:
726:
574:
529:
522:
353:
189:
139:
132:
121:
105:
85:
69:
56:
49:
37:
32:
8425:Cleopatra VII Philopator
6682:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
5440: (<3150–2040 BC)
4439:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
4238:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3793:Ptolemy IX Lathyrus
3710:Fletcher, Joann (2008).
3658:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3404:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3358:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3276:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3211:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3140:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3096:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
3070:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
2996:Egyptian Royal Genealogy
2941:
2925:Late 115 or early 114 BC
2646:Mithridates VI of Pontus
2385:First reign (116–107 BC)
2309:When the Ptolemaic king
2260:Ptolemy Philometor Soter
2212:Ptolemy IX Soter II
2121:115 BC; divorced 107 BC)
2110:119 BC; divorced 115 BC)
8961:1st-century BC pharaohs
8956:2nd-century BC pharaohs
8398:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
8313:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
6607:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
5236:'s attempted rule with
4917:Mithridates V Euergetes
4329:Antiochus III the Great
4142:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
4083:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
4007:Alexander III the Great
3729:Hölbl, Günther (2001).
3427:Antiquities of the Jews
2570:Second reign (88–81 BC)
2537:led an army to conquer
2230:"), commonly nicknamed
2147:Ptolemy, King of Cyprus
8440:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
8419:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
8413:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
8368:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
8338:Arsinoe III Philopator
7252:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
6722:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
6662:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
6253:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
5020:Monarchs of Cappadocia
4922:Mithridates VI Eupator
4444:Philip II Philoromaeus
4429:Antiochus XII Dionysus
4419:Demetrius III Eucaerus
4414:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
4399:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
4339:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
4334:Seleucus IV Philopator
4319:Seleucus II Callinicus
4218:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
4093:Demetrius II Aetolicus
3695:10.2143/AS.28.0.630068
2775:
2746:to be found in Egypt.
2717:Relationship with Rome
2707:Dendera Temple complex
2658:Lucius Cornelius Cinna
2588:
2399:
2306:
2178:Cleopatra III of Egypt
1944:ptwlmis Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mri-ptḥ
8946:2nd-century BC births
8388:Ptolemy X Alexander I
8353:Ptolemy VI Philometor
8333:Ptolemy IV Philopator
8328:Berenice II Euergetes
8323:Ptolemy III Euergetes
8285:Philip III Arrhidaeus
6794:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
6789:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
6143:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
4962:Monarchs of Commagene
4883:Mithridates I Ctistes
4424:Philip I Philadelphus
4404:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
4394:Antiochus VIII Grypus
4389:Seleucus V Philometor
4374:Antiochus VII Sidetes
4364:Antiochus VI Dionysus
4324:Seleucus III Ceraunus
4223:Berenice IV Epiphanea
4168:Ptolemy VI Philometor
4152:Ptolemy IV Philopator
4147:Ptolemy III Euergetes
4012:Philip III Arrhidaeus
2834:John Pentland Mahaffy
2757:
2732:Roman imperial period
2709:and on the temple in
2650:First Mithridatic War
2582:
2397:
2301:
2187:143/2 BC or 140/39 BC
2168:Ptolemy VIII of Egypt
2103:Cleopatra IV of Egypt
110:Ptolemy X Alexander I
99:Ptolemy X Alexander I
8821:Dynastic genealogies
8445:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
7741:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
7655:High Priests of Amun
7157:Merankhre Mentuhotep
6859:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
6854:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
6707:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
6414: (2040–1550 BC)
6133:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
4796:Monarchs of Bithynia
4379:Alexander II Zabinas
4359:Demetrius II Nicator
4276:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
4243:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4208:Ptolemy XI Alexander
4183:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
4088:Antigonus II Gonatas
3066:"Cleopatra III"
2885:February/March 51 BC
2668:Death and succession
2250:. He was the son of
8343:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
8280:Alexander the Great
7312: (1550–664 BC)
6834:Mershepsesre Ini II
6829:Merkawre Sobekhotep
6223:Neferkare IV Khendu
5378:Hellenistic satraps
4409:Antiochus X Eusebes
4344:Antiochus V Eupator
4286:Cleopatra Selene II
4213:Ptolemy XII Auletes
4198:Ptolemy X Alexander
4193:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
4157:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
4098:Antigonus III Doson
3654:"Berenice III"
3207:"Cleopatra II"
3136:"Cleopatra IV"
3092:"Ptolemy Memphites"
2820:" (bastard), while
2750:Marriages and issue
2460:Antiochus VIII
2133:Two legitimate sons
18:Ptolemy IX of Egypt
8680:Trebonianus Gallus
7267:Senakhtenre Ahmose
6885:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
6839:Sewahenre Senebmiu
6814:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
6243:Neferkare V Tereru
6213:Neferkare III Neby
5881:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
5282:Monarchs of Epirus
5115:Cimmerian Bosporus
4875:Monarchs of Pontus
4434:Cleopatra Selene I
4314:Antiochus II Theos
4304:Seleucus I Nicator
4271:Demetrius the Fair
4253:Monarchs of Cyrene
3850:Governor of Cyprus
3512:, pp. 205–206
3450:, pp. 211–213
3354:"Cleopatra Selene"
3332:Justin (historian)
3322:, pp. 207–210
3305:, pp. 206–207
3195:, pp. 204–205
3054:, pp. 172–203
2787: 119 BC
2776:
2589:
2535:Alexander Jannaeus
2528:Seleucia in Pieria
2410:as her co-regent.
2400:
2379: 116 BC
2331:Cleopatra III
2307:
2270:from 88 to 81 BC.
2256:Cleopatra III
684:Second Nebty name:
306:Second Horus Name:
8933:
8932:
8920:
8919:
8811:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8803:
8802:
8727:Claudius Gothicus
8621:Severus Alexander
8588:Septimius Severus
8453:
8452:
8251:
8250:
7996:
7995:
7928:
7927:
7924:
7923:
7920:
7919:
7635:Osorkon the Elder
7586:
7585:
7363:
7362:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7257:Nubkheperre Intef
7137:Sekhemre Shedwast
6759:Sehetepkare Intef
6687:Semenkare Nebnuni
6616:
6615:
6463:
6462:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6170:
6169:
6148:Netjerkare Siptah
6070:Neferirkare Kakai
5915:
5914:
5719:
5718:
5489:
5488:
5385:
5384:
4865:Socrates Chrestus
4354:Alexander I Balas
4349:Demetrius I Soter
4309:Antiochus I Soter
4055:Antipater Etesias
3952:
3951:
3945:Succeeded by
3939:Pharaoh of Egypt
3920:Succeeded by
3909:Helenus of Cyrene
3897:Succeeded by
3891:Cleopatra IV
3857:Succeeded by
3843:Helenus of Cyrene
3814:Ptolemaic dynasty
3809:Ptolemy IX Soter
3778:978-0-415-05806-3
3759:978-0-802-02682-8
3721:978-0-340-83173-1
3626:978-1-405-17935-5
3246:Cleopatra II
2992:"Ptolemy IX"
2939:
2938:
2905: 96 BC
2881: 98 BC
2802:Ptolemy of Cyprus
2780:Cleopatra IV
2491:Hasmonean dynasty
2475:Berenice III
2452:Antiochus IX
2364:Cleopatra IV
2349:Ptolemy Memphites
2323:Ptolemy VIII
2319:Cleopatra II
2304:Ptolemy VIII
2288:Berenice III
2278:younger brother,
2275:Ptolemy Memphites
2264:Cleopatra II
2252:Ptolemy VIII
2209:
2208:
2204:Ptolemaic dynasty
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
959:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
943:
942:
937:
936:
933:
932:
852:
851:
848:
847:
818:Third Nebty name:
816:
815:
812:
811:
804:
803:
798:
797:
794:
793:
718:
717:
714:
713:
682:
681:
678:
677:
670:
669:
664:
663:
660:
659:
639:
638:
635:
634:
566:
565:
562:
561:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
497:
496:
489:
488:
485:
484:
396:
395:
392:
391:
341:
340:
337:
336:
304:
303:
300:
299:
287:
286:
279:
278:
275:
274:
177:
176:
173:
172:
63:Ptolemaic Kingdom
16:(Redirected from
8978:
8927:List of pharaohs
8817:
8816:
8582:Pescennius Niger
8470:
8469:
8466:
8465:
8378:Ptolemy IX Soter
8348:Cleopatra I Syra
8268:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8013:
8012:
8009:
8008:
7965:
7964:
7956:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7934:
7933:
7685:Djedkhonsuefankh
7603:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7350:
7345:
7330:
7329:
7321:
7320:
7314:
7313:
7299:
7298:
6892:Qareh Khawoserre
6878:Yakbim Sekhaenre
6819:Mersekhemre Ined
6633:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6432:
6431:
6423:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6401:
6400:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6182:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5458:
5457:
5449:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5427:
5426:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5177:
5093:Ariobarzanes III
4467:Ptolemy Epigonos
4369:Diodotus Tryphon
4162:Cleopatra I Syra
4137:Ptolemy Keraunos
3978:
3971:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3928:Preceded by
3907:Preceded by
3877:Pharaoh of Egypt
3867:Preceded by
3840:Preceded by
3830:
3823:
3805:
3804:
3801:by Robert Ritner
3782:
3763:
3744:
3725:
3706:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3652:Bennett, Chris.
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3612:
3606:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3543:
3537:
3522:Ioannis Svoronos
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3492:
3486:
3475:Life of Lucullus
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3398:Bennett, Chris.
3395:
3389:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3352:Bennett, Chris.
3349:
3343:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3306:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3272:"Ptolemy X"
3270:Bennett, Chris.
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3239:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3205:Bennett, Chris.
3202:
3196:
3190:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3134:Bennett, Chris.
3131:
3125:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3090:Bennett, Chris.
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3064:Bennett, Chris.
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3040:House of Ptolemy
3033:
3022:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2990:Bennett, Chris.
2987:
2960:
2952:
2906:
2903:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2865:Ptolemy XII
2844:
2843:
2798:Ptolemy XII
2791:Cleopatra Selene
2788:
2785:
2764:Ptolemy XII
2734:. A set of four
2679:Ptolemy XII
2598:Philometor Soter
2549:, and despoiled
2471:Cleopatra Selene
2439:Philometor Soter
2380:
2377:
2368:Ptolemy XII
2258:. He reigned as
2224:Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr
2221:
2220:Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ
2156:
2122:
2120:
2114:Cleopatra Selene
2111:
2109:
2076:
2075:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1986:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1940:
1915:
1914:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1781:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1347:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1013:
998:
997:
994:
990:
986:
985:
972:
866:
865:
862:
856:
841:
840:
837:
833:
829:
828:
732:
731:
728:
722:
707:
706:
703:
699:
695:
694:
650:
649:
646:
644:
580:
579:
576:
570:
555:
554:
551:
547:
543:
542:
531:
506:
505:
407:
406:
403:
401:
359:
358:
355:
347:
330:
329:
326:
322:
318:
317:
296:
295:
195:
194:
191:
183:
166:
165:
162:
158:
154:
153:
141:
130:
129:
75:116–107 BC with
42:
33:Ptolemy IX Soter
30:
29:
21:
8986:
8985:
8981:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8975:
8936:
8935:
8934:
8929:
8916:
8822:
8799:
8699:Macrianus Minor
8628:Maximinus Thrax
8564:Marcus Aurelius
8463:
8462:
8461:
8449:
8308:Ptolemy I Soter
8294:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8247:
8214:
8186:
8146:
8128:
8108:Psammetichus IV
8078:
8006:
8005:
8004:
7992:
7970:
7961:
7950:
7947:(664 BC–313 AD)
7946:
7945:
7916:
7878:
7855:
7851:Menkheperre Ini
7788:
7711:
7649:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7582:
7519:
7466:
7447:Neferneferuaten
7373:
7372:
7371:
7359:
7358:
7348:
7343:
7342:Pharaohs
7335:
7326:
7315:
7311:
7310:
7281:
7216:
7175:
7102:Sobekhotep VIII
7083:
7015:
6863:
6824:Sewadjkare Hori
6626:
6625:
6624:
6612:
6552:
6526:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6459:
6437:
6428:
6417:
6413:
6412:
6383:
6350:
6310:
6218:Djedkare Shemai
6180:
6179:
6178:
6166:
6104:
6046:
5989:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5911:
5805:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5715:
5620:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5485:
5463:
5454:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5421:
5416:
5386:
5381:
5370:
5276:
5267:Mithridates III
5171:
5114:
5113:Monarchs of the
5107:
5088:Ariobarzanes II
5073:Ariarathes VIII
5014:
5000:Mithridates III
4956:
4898:Mithridates III
4869:
4790:
4597:
4525:Greco-Bactrians
4519:
4471:
4448:
4290:
4247:
4132:Ptolemy I Soter
4118:
4064:
4021:
3988:
3982:
3948:
3941:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3916:
3914:King of Cyprus
3910:
3902:
3900:
3882:
3880:
3872:
3862:
3853:
3845:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3789:
3779:
3760:
3741:
3722:
3683:Ancient Society
3677:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3613:
3609:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3575:Whitehorne 1994
3573:
3569:
3560:
3556:
3544:
3540:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3493:
3489:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3433:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3400:"Ptolemy Apion"
3396:
3392:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3350:
3346:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3309:
3301:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3132:
3128:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3034:
3025:
3017:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2931:Co-regent with
2904:
2880:
2814:Pompeius Trogus
2786:
2752:
2719:
2687:
2675:Ptolemy XI
2670:
2630:
2577:
2572:
2520:
2499:
2447:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2315:Ptolemy VI
2296:
2248:Ptolemaic Egypt
2159:
2151:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2094:
2093:
2073:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2021:
2013:
1990:
1972:
1950:
1946:
1912:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1824:
1779:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1673:
1628:
1605:
1600:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1533:
1488:
1465:
1460:
1440:
1432:
1426:
1391:
1357:
1353:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1249:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1101:
1099:
1081:
1064:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1032:
1027:
984:
982:
978:
924:
919:
910:
905:
900:
889:
878:
876:
870:
827:
823:
819:
817:
777:
772:
752:
744:
742:
736:
693:
689:
685:
683:
624:
619:
617:
615:
610:
604:
589:
587:
541:
537:
503:
476:
474:
472:
461:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
431:
416:
414:
366:
315:
311:
307:
305:
293:
267:
258:
253:
235:
218:
213:
199:
151:
147:
127:
113:
97:
81:
79:
65:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8984:
8974:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8931:
8930:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8836:
8833:
8827:
8824:
8823:
8813:
8812:
8809:
8808:
8805:
8804:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8797:
8795:Maximinus Daza
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8756:
8751:
8744:
8737:
8730:
8723:
8716:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8690:
8683:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8645:
8638:
8631:
8624:
8617:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8578:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8554:Antoninus Pius
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8478:
8476:
8467:
8464:(30 BC–313 AD)
8455:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8304:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8276:
8274:
8265:
8253:
8252:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8228:Artaxerxes III
8224:
8222:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8196:
8194:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8184:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8156:
8154:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8144:
8138:
8136:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8104:
8099:
8097:Petubastis III
8094:
8088:
8086:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8034:
8029:
8021:
8019:
8010:
7998:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7990:
7985:
7984:
7983:
7980:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7962:
7959:
7952:
7951:
7930:
7929:
7926:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7888:
7886:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7876:
7871:
7865:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7798:
7796:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7781:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7721:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7709:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7665:
7659:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7611:
7609:
7600:
7592:3 Intermediate
7588:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7529:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7388:
7386:
7377:
7374:(1550–1070 BC)
7365:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7327:
7324:
7317:
7316:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7232:
7226:
7224:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7207:
7200:
7193:
7185:
7183:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7107:Neferhotep III
7104:
7099:
7093:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7025:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6937:Sewadjkare III
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6906:Maaibre Sheshi
6902:
6899:'Ammu Ahotepre
6895:
6888:
6881:
6873:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6809:Merhotepre Ini
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6769:Sobekhotep III
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6641:
6639:
6630:
6627:(1802–1550 BC)
6622:2 Intermediate
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6534:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6517:Mentuhotep III
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6488:
6486:
6477:
6474:(2040–1802 BC)
6469:Middle Kingdom
6465:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6451:
6450:
6447:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6429:
6426:
6419:
6418:
6406:Middle Kingdom
6397:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6369:Neferkare VIII
6366:
6360:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6341:
6336:
6334:Nebkaure Khety
6331:
6326:
6324:Meryibre Khety
6320:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6258:Neferkamin Anu
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6199:
6197:
6184:
6181:(2181–2040 BC)
6176:1 Intermediate
6172:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6114:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6095:Djedkare Isesi
6092:
6090:Menkauhor Kaiu
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5963:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5929:
5926:(2686–2181 BC)
5917:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5733:
5730:(3150–2686 BC)
5725:Early Dynastic
5721:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5704:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5630:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5514:
5512:
5503:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5445:
5444:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5392:
5383:
5382:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5325:Neoptolemus II
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5240:
5231:
5222:
5220:Mithridates II
5217:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5186:Paerisades III
5183:
5178:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5083:Ariobarzanes I
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Ariarathes VII
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5043:Ariarathes III
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4990:Mithridates II
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4893:Mithridates II
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4756:Apollodotus II
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4384:Cleopatra Thea
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3854:117 BC-116 BC
3846:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3835:Regnal titles
3832:
3831:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3796:
3788:
3787:External links
3785:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3764:
3758:
3745:
3739:
3726:
3720:
3707:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3644:
3632:
3625:
3607:
3591:
3579:
3577:, p. 176.
3567:
3554:
3538:
3514:
3502:
3487:
3464:
3452:
3431:
3416:
3390:
3370:
3344:
3324:
3307:
3288:
3262:
3250:
3234:
3223:
3197:
3180:
3168:
3152:
3126:
3108:
3082:
3056:
3044:
3023:
3008:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:Ptolemy I
2946:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:Ptolemy X
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2874:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2816:called him a "
2751:
2748:
2744:Latin language
2718:
2715:
2686:
2683:
2669:
2666:
2664:since 103 BC.
2635:Roman Republic
2629:
2626:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2539:Ptolemais Akko
2519:
2516:
2498:
2495:
2456:Cleopatra Thea
2446:
2443:
2408:Ptolemy X
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2370:in 117 BC and
2311:Ptolemy V
2295:
2292:
2280:Ptolemy X
2242:"), was twice
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2195:December 81 BC
2193:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1953:
1952:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
968:
967:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
946:
944:
941:
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
926:
921:
916:
913:
907:
902:
897:
894:
891:
886:
883:
880:
872:
859:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
814:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
774:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
749:
746:
738:
725:
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
680:
679:
676:
675:
673:
671:
668:
667:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
654:
637:
636:
633:
632:
629:
626:
621:
612:
607:
601:
597:
594:
591:
584:
573:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
527:
526:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
500:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
478:
469:
466:
463:
458:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
428:
425:
422:
419:
411:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
363:
351:
350:
344:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
302:
301:
298:
297:
290:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
264:
260:
255:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
215:
210:
207:
204:
201:
187:
186:
180:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
137:
136:
128:
125:Royal titulary
123:
122:
119:
118:
107:
103:
102:
87:
83:
82:
73:
67:
66:
57:
54:
53:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8983:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8943:
8941:
8928:
8923:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8828:
8825:
8818:
8814:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8775:
8771:
8769:
8768:
8764:
8762:
8761:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8749:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8738:
8736:
8735:
8731:
8729:
8728:
8724:
8722:
8721:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8710:
8708:
8707:
8703:
8701:
8700:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8688:
8684:
8682:
8681:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8653:
8651:
8650:
8646:
8644:
8643:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8618:
8616:
8615:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8583:
8579:
8577:
8576:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8477:
8475:
8471:
8468:
8460:
8456:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8420:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8373:Cleopatra III
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8303:
8301:
8297:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8269:
8266:
8258:
8254:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8221:
8217:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8193:
8189:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8176:
8175:Nepherites II
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8149:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8131:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8081:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8027:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8018:
8014:
8011:
8003:
7999:
7989:
7986:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7966:
7963:
7957:
7953:
7944:
7940:
7935:
7931:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7846:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7819:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7791:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7706:Psusennes III
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7652:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7597:(1069–664 BC)
7593:
7589:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7563:Ramesses VIII
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7432:Amenhotep III
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7370:
7366:
7355:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7331:
7328:
7322:
7318:
7309:
7305:
7300:
7296:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7272:Seqenenre Tao
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7247:Sobekemsaf II
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7213:
7212:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7197:Wepwawetemsaf
7194:
7192:
7191:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7178:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7022:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7007:
7005:
7004:
7000:
6998:
6997:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6882:
6880:
6879:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6804:Merneferre Ay
6802:
6800:
6799:Wahibre Ibiau
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6784:Sobekhotep IV
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6623:
6619:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6591:Amenemhat III
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6523:
6522:Mentuhotep IV
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6512:Mentuhotep II
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6470:
6466:
6456:
6453:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6433:
6430:
6424:
6420:
6411:
6407:
6402:
6398:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6374:Wahkare Khety
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6329:Neferkare VII
6327:
6325:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6177:
6173:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5922:
5918:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5876:Seth-Peribsen
5874:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5819:Hotepsekhemwy
5817:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5610:
5609:Double Falcon
5607:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5500:(pre-3150 BC)
5496:
5495:Protodynastic
5492:
5482:
5479:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5450:
5446:
5437:
5433:
5432:Protodynastic
5428:
5424:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:Neoptolemus I
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5201:Mithridates I
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5191:Paerisades IV
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:Paerisades II
5152:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5143:Spartokos III
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:Ariarathes IX
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5063:Ariarathes VI
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5048:Ariarathes IV
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:Ariarathes II
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:Antiochus III
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Mithridates I
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4855:Nicomedes III
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4686:Demetrius III
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Antimachus II
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4631:Apollodotus I
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Eucratides II
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4553:Euthydemus II
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Ptolemy Apion
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4188:Cleopatra III
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3940:
3934:
3926:
3915:
3905:
3899:Cleopatra III
3894:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3887:Cleopatra III
3881:116 BC–107 BC
3879:
3878:
3871:
3865:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3774:
3771:. Routledge.
3770:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3678:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3642:, p. 54.
3641:
3636:
3628:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3600:
3599:Fletcher 2008
3595:
3589:, p. 92.
3588:
3587:Sullivan 1990
3583:
3576:
3571:
3564:
3558:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3248:at Livius.org
3247:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3227:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3021:, p. 203
3020:
3015:
3013:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:Günther Hölbl
2827:
2826:Michael Grant
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2586:
2581:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:Ptolemy Apion
2413:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2268:Ptolemy Soter
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2071:
2069:
2062:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1910:
1908:
1901:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1322:
1320:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1132:
1130:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
981:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
962:
947:
945:
927:
922:
917:
914:
908:
903:
898:
895:
892:
887:
884:
881:
873:
868:
867:
864:
863:
857:
854:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
831:
830:
826:
822:
808:
806:
789:
786:
783:
780:
775:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
750:
747:
739:
734:
733:
730:
729:
723:
720:
709:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
692:
688:
674:
672:
655:
652:
651:
648:
647:
643:
630:
627:
622:
613:
608:
602:
598:
595:
592:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
571:
568:
557:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
540:
536:
533:
532:
528:
525:
521:
501:
499:
492:
479:
470:
467:
464:
459:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
429:
426:
423:
420:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
400:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:
352:
348:
345:
332:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
310:
291:
289:
282:
270:
265:
261:
256:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
216:
211:
208:
205:
202:
197:
196:
193:
192:
188:
184:
181:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
150:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
131:
126:
120:
116:
111:
108:
104:
100:
95:
94:Cleopatra III
91:
88:
84:
78:
77:Cleopatra III
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
8951:81 BC deaths
8772:
8765:
8758:
8746:
8739:
8732:
8725:
8718:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8685:
8678:
8661:
8654:
8647:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8619:
8612:
8580:
8573:
8559:Lucius Verus
8516:
8417:
8393:Berenice III
8383:Cleopatra IV
8358:Cleopatra II
8290:Alexander IV
8210:Nectanebo II
8179:
8160:Nepherites I
8119:Artaxerxes I
8106:
8036:
8024:
8007:(664–332 BC)
7987:
7943:Roman Period
7845:Shoshenq VII
7843:
7816:
7776:
7757:Shoshenq III
7739:
7704:
7667:
7645:Psusennes II
7558:Ramesses VII
7538:Ramesses III
7422:Amenhotep II
7417:Thutmose III
7353:
7242:Sobekemsaf I
7234:
7209:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7168:
7161:
7066:
7049:
7044:'Aper-'Anati
7042:
7035:
7028:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6966:
6952:Sekheperenre
6904:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6876:
6774:Neferhotep I
6764:Seth Meribre
6741:
6727:Djedkheperew
6644:
6605:
6596:Amenemhat IV
6586:Senusret III
6576:Amenemhat II
6492:Mentuhotep I
6454:
6343:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6208:Neferkare II
6159:
6152:
6085:Nyuserre Ini
6039:
6022:
5977:
5970:
5958:
5899:
5894:Neferkasokar
5892:
5885:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5798:
5791:
5699:
5682:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5642:Finger Snail
5640:
5633:
5613:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5480:
5340:Alexander II
5196:Paerisades V
5159:Spartokos IV
5123:Paerisades I
5098:Ariarathes X
5053:Ariarathes V
5028:Ariarathes I
5010:Antiochus IV
4995:Antiochus II
4927:Pharnaces II
4888:Ariobarzanes
4860:Nicomedes IV
4850:Nicomedes II
4776:Apollophanes
4761:Hippostratos
4676:Heliokles II
4636:Demetrius II
4616:Antimachus I
4578:Eucratides I
4573:Demetrius II
4558:Antimachus I
4543:Euthydemus I
4228:Ptolemy XIII
4203:Berenice III
4050:Antipater II
4017:Alexander IV
3947:Berenice III
3942:88 BC–81 BC
3938:
3933:Berenice III
3913:
3885:
3883:
3875:
3870:Ptolemy VIII
3848:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3768:
3749:
3730:
3711:
3686:
3682:
3675:Bibliography
3661:. Retrieved
3657:
3647:
3640:Bennett 1997
3635:
3616:
3610:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3525:
3517:
3505:
3497:
3490:
3483:Mithridatica
3482:
3474:
3467:
3455:
3426:
3419:
3407:. Retrieved
3403:
3393:
3381:
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3357:
3347:
3335:
3327:
3279:. Retrieved
3275:
3265:
3253:
3237:
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3210:
3200:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3139:
3129:
3119:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:
3085:
3073:. Retrieved
3069:
3059:
3047:
3039:
2999:. Retrieved
2995:
2950:
2919:Berenice III
2839:
2807:
2795:
2777:
2720:
2704:
2688:
2671:
2639:
2631:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2547:River Jordan
2532:
2521:
2500:
2483:
2478:
2468:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2401:
2359:
2357:
2346:
2335:
2308:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2211:
2210:
1947:
1943:
1354:
1350:
1148:
1144:
979:
975:
965:Golden Horus
824:
820:
690:
686:
538:
534:
312:
308:
148:
144:
115:Berenice III
90:Ptolemy VIII
8663:Gordian III
8608:Diadumenian
8408:Cleopatra V
8262:(332–30 BC)
8257:Hellenistic
8200:Nectanebo I
8092:Cambyses II
8074:Psamtik III
8032:Tefnakht II
7834:Takelot III
7829:Osorkon III
7824:Shoshenq VI
7778:Pedubast II
7762:Shoshenq IV
7735:Shoshenq II
7700:Pinedjem II
7690:Menkheperre
7625:Psusennes I
7578:Ramesses XI
7568:Ramesses IX
7553:Ramesses VI
7543:Ramesses IV
7490:Ramesses II
7452:Tutankhamun
7427:Thutmose IV
7407:Thutmose II
7397:Amenhotep I
7369:New Kingdom
7304:New Kingdom
7163:Senusret IV
7147:Dedumose II
7122:Nebiriau II
7117:Nebiryraw I
7112:Mentuhotepi
6917:Khakherewre
6844:Merkheperre
6754:Imyremeshaw
6737:Sedjefakare
6692:Sehetepibre
6667:Ameny Qemau
6601:Sobekneferu
6581:Senusret II
6566:Amenemhat I
6548:Iyibkhentre
6278:Neferirkare
6273:Neferkauhor
6080:Shepseskare
5921:Old Kingdom
5907:Khasekhemwy
5887:Neferkara I
5856:Weneg-Nebty
5701:Scorpion II
5361:Pyrrhus III
5345:Olympias II
5315:Alexander I
5172: [
5169:Spartokos V
5038:Ariamnes II
4985:Antiochus I
4947:Pythodorida
4903:Pharnaces I
4824:Zipoetes II
4819:Nicomedes I
4736:Artemidoros
4731:Menander II
4671:Antialcidas
4656:Agathokleia
4611:Demetrius I
4603:Indo-Greeks
4593:Heliocles I
4548:Demetrius I
4538:Diodotus II
4515:Eumenes III
4510:Attalus III
4485:Philetaerus
4454:Lysimachids
4266:Berenice II
4233:Ptolemy XIV
4115:(pretender)
4045:Alexander V
4027:Antipatrids
3985:Hellenistic
3663:16 November
3536:, n°22, 23.
3409:12 November
3384:34/35.39a;
3382:Bibliotheca
3363:12 November
3281:12 November
3216:12 November
3145:12 November
3101:11 November
3075:11 November
3001:11 November
2928:April 80 BC
2695:Elephantine
2618:Lower Nubia
2575:Restoration
2228:the Saviour
86:Predecessor
8940:Categories
8780:Diocletian
8734:Quintillus
8687:Aemilianus
8642:Gordian II
8614:Elagabalus
8435:Arsinoe IV
8318:Arsinoe II
8243:Darius III
8170:Psammuthes
8059:Psamtik II
7874:Bakenranef
7812:Pedubast I
7807:Takelot II
7802:Harsiese A
7784:Osorkon IV
7772:Shoshenq V
7752:Osorkon II
7725:Shoshenq I
7695:Smendes II
7675:Pinedjem I
7620:Amenemnisu
7573:Ramesses X
7548:Ramesses V
7500:Amenmesses
7480:Ramesses I
7442:Smenkhkare
7412:Hatshepsut
7402:Thutmose I
7152:Montuemsaf
7142:Dedumose I
6942:Nebdjefare
6932:Merdjefare
6702:Nedjemibre
6697:Sewadjkare
6571:Senusret I
6543:Qakare Ini
6364:Meryhathor
6268:Neferkaure
6263:Qakare Iby
6248:Neferkahor
6233:Neferkamin
6041:Thamphthis
6035:Shepseskaf
5949:Sekhemkhet
5800:Horus Bird
5677:Scorpion I
5351:Pyrrhus II
5330:Alcetas II
5295:Tharrhypas
5262:Gepaepyris
5234:Scribonius
5128:Satyros II
5058:Orophernes
4970:Ptolemaeus
4952:Polemon II
4845:Prusias II
4814:Zipoetes I
4786:Strato III
4711:Theophilos
4691:Philoxenus
4646:Menander I
4626:Agathocles
4568:Agathocles
4533:Diodotus I
4505:Attalus II
4500:Eumenes II
4462:Lysimachus
4070:Antigonids
3917:105-88 BC
3769:Cleopatras
3740:0415201454
3601:, p.
3546:Werner Huß
3510:Hölbl 2001
3448:Hölbl 2001
3429:13.324-364
3320:Hölbl 2001
3303:Hölbl 2001
3193:Hölbl 2001
3052:Hölbl 2001
3019:Hölbl 2001
2967:References
2766:minted at
2699:inundation
2602:Philometor
2487:Hyrcanus I
2420:Alexandria
2338:Horus name
2234:(Λάθυρος,
524:Nebty name
134:Horus name
8912:Ptolemaic
8720:Gallienus
8635:Gordian I
8598:Caracalla
8524:Vespasian
8518:Vitellius
8300:Ptolemaic
8142:Amyrtaeus
8124:Darius II
8069:Ahmose II
8049:Psamtik I
7988:uncertain
7976:Pharaohs
7912:Tanutamun
7747:Takelot I
7730:Osorkon I
7680:Masaharta
7630:Amenemope
7533:Setnakhte
7495:Merneptah
7437:Akhenaten
7354:uncertain
7236:Nebmaatre
7057:Sakir-Har
7010:Yaqub-Har
6922:Nebefawre
6672:Hotepibre
6538:Segerseni
6507:Intef III
6455:uncertain
6443:Pharaohs
6075:Neferefre
5901:Hudjefa I
5782:Semerkhet
5519:Hedju Hor
5481:uncertain
5469:Pharaohs
5335:Pyrrhus I
5300:Alcetas I
5206:Pharnaces
5181:Kamasarye
5164:Leukon II
5148:Hygiainon
5103:Archelaus
4942:Polemon I
4840:Prusias I
4781:Strato II
4771:Zoilos II
4766:Dionysios
4746:Archebius
4716:Peukolaos
4681:Polyxenos
4621:Pantaleon
4563:Pantaleon
4495:Attalus I
4490:Eumenes I
4296:Seleucids
4124:Ptolemies
4113:Philip VI
4060:Sosthenes
4040:Philip IV
4035:Cassander
4002:Philip II
3930:Ptolemy X
3922:Chaereas?
3901:Ptolemy X
3860:Ptolemy X
3703:0066-1619
3534:plate LXI
3460:Pausanias
3340:Pausanias
3176:Pausanias
3116:Pausanias
2822:Pausanias
2556:Phoenicia
2503:Pausanias
2464:Tryphaena
2424:Pausanias
2226:"Ptolemy
2155:(perhaps)
106:Successor
8872:21 to 23
8790:Galerius
8785:Maximian
8774:Numerian
8741:Aurelian
8693:Valerian
8656:Balbinus
8649:Pupienus
8603:Macrinus
8575:Pertinax
8569:Commodus
8534:Domitian
8497:Claudius
8492:Caligula
8487:Tiberius
8482:Augustus
8102:Darius I
8054:Necho II
7897:Shebitku
7869:Tefnakht
7462:Horemheb
7392:Ahmose I
7204:Pantjeny
7190:Senebkay
7170:Pepi III
7132:Bebiankh
6989:Shenshek
6947:Nebsenre
6779:Sihathor
6749:Khendjer
6712:Renseneb
6657:Nerikare
6502:Intef II
6379:Merykare
6284:Wadjkare
6228:Merenhor
6123:Userkare
6030:Menkaure
6024:Bikheris
6013:Djedefre
5979:Qahedjet
5863:Wadjenes
5849:Horus Sa
5842:Nubnefer
5829:Nynetjer
5793:Sneferka
5533:Ni-Neith
5419:Pharaohs
5366:Deidamia
5347:(regent)
5320:Aeacides
5257:Aspurgus
5150:(regent)
5133:Prytanis
4975:Sames II
4831:(regent)
4804:Boteiras
4751:Telephos
4741:Hermaeus
4696:Diomedes
4666:Strato I
4651:Zoilos I
4477:Attalids
4164:(regent)
4103:Philip V
3822:143/2 BC
3500:. 1.2.11
3472:Plutarch
3424:Josephus
3388:39.4.1-2
3378:Diodorus
3338:39.4.1;
2774:in 53 BC
2736:graffiti
2642:Lucullus
2560:Damascus
2512:Pelusium
2302:Coin of
2240:chickpea
2236:Láthuros
2232:Lathyros
2127:Children
2099:Consorts
112:(107 BC)
96:(116 BC)
80:88–81 BC
8767:Carinus
8748:Tacitus
8706:Quietus
8549:Hadrian
8233:Khabash
8064:Wahibre
8044:Necho I
8038:Nekauba
8026:Ammeris
7969:Dynasty
7907:Taharqa
7902:Shabaka
7839:Rudamun
7818:Iuput I
7663:Herihor
7615:Smendes
7515:Twosret
7505:Seti II
7349:female)
7334:Dynasty
7230:Rahotep
7127:Semenre
7097:Djehuti
7079:Khamudi
7068:Yanassi
7051:Salitis
7003:Yakareb
6996:Khamure
6927:Sehebre
6849:Merkare
6497:Intef I
6436:Dynasty
6345:Imhotep
6305:Iytjenu
6291:Khuiqer
6203:Menkare
6154:Neferka
6138:Pepi II
6060:Userkaf
5954:Sanakht
5777:Anedjib
5757:Hor-Aha
5690:Iry-Hor
5684:Shendjw
5656:Pen-Abu
5540:Hat-Hor
5462:Dynasty
5356:Ptolemy
5310:Arybbas
5290:Admetus
5272:Cotys I
5252:Polemon
5247:Polemon
5243:Dynamis
5238:Dynamis
5229:Dynamis
5225:Asander
5215:Dynamis
5211:Asander
5138:Eumelos
4937:Arsaces
4912:Laodice
4835:Ziaelas
4829:Etazeta
4706:Epander
4701:Amyntas
4108:Perseus
3994:Argeads
3561:Justin
3118:1.9.1;
3042:, 1923)
2900:116 or
2894:Ptolemy
2876:117 or
2760:drachms
2594:Memphis
2543:Galilee
2489:of the
2435:papyrus
2372:Ptolemy
2200:Dynasty
117:(81 BC)
101:(88 BC)
61:of the
51:Pharaoh
8907:Argead
8754:Probus
8674:Decius
8669:Philip
8544:Trajan
8272:Argead
8181:Muthis
8134:XXVIII
8114:Xerxes
7982:female
7960:Period
7669:Piankh
7640:Siamun
7510:Siptah
7485:Seti I
7325:Period
7277:Kamose
7211:Snaaib
7181:Abydos
7037:Semqen
7030:Sharek
6982:Sheneh
6962:'Apepi
6957:Bebnum
6912:Nehesy
6732:Sebkay
6652:Sonbef
6449:female
6427:Period
6238:Nikare
6128:Pepi I
6065:Sahure
6018:Khafre
6003:Snefru
5972:Sedjes
5944:Djoser
5870:Senedj
5748:Narmer
5707:Narmer
5589:Wazner
5554:Hsekiu
5526:Ny-Hor
5475:female
5453:Period
4932:Darius
4726:Nicias
4721:Thraso
4661:Lysias
3987:rulers
3825:
3775:
3756:
3737:
3718:
3701:
3623:
3530:p. 302
3495:Cicero
3479:Appian
3386:Justin
3260:39.3.2
3258:Justin
3166:39.3.1
3160:Justin
2859:Notes
2818:nothos
2810:Cicero
2772:Cyprus
2768:Paphos
2740:Philae
2727:Fayyum
2685:Regime
2616:, but
2614:Philae
2610:Thebes
2551:Judaea
2524:Cyprus
2507:eunuch
2412:Cyrene
2404:Justin
2327:Cyrene
2321:, and
2284:Judaea
2174:Mother
2164:Father
8760:Carus
8539:Nerva
8529:Titus
8507:Galba
8474:XXXIV
8459:Roman
8238:Arses
8165:Hakor
8084:XXVII
7794:XXIII
7384:XVIII
7344:(male
7074:Apepi
7062:Khyan
6975:Wazad
6743:Wegaf
6677:Iufni
6531:Nubia
6339:Setut
6161:Nefer
6008:Khufu
5966:Khaba
5960:Nebka
5824:Nebra
5752:Menes
5711:Menes
5663:Stork
5626:Upper
5582:Neheb
5575:Thesh
5561:Khayu
5510:Lower
5245:with
5227:with
5213:with
5176:]
4910:with
4583:Plato
4261:Magas
3884:with
3829:81 BC
3827:Died:
3820:Born:
3477:2-3;
3462:1.9.3
3342:1.9.2
3178:1.9.1
2942:Notes
2910:58 BC
2856:Death
2853:Birth
2850:Image
2782:from
2758:Rare
2723:Roman
2654:Sulla
2622:Meroe
2216:Greek
1933:Nomen
71:Reign
8593:Geta
8512:Otho
8502:Nero
8220:XXXI
8205:Teos
8152:XXIX
8017:XXVI
8002:Late
7979:male
7939:Late
7892:Piye
7861:XXIV
7767:Pami
7717:XXII
7306:and
7222:XVII
6968:Nuya
6637:XIII
6446:male
6408:and
6298:Khui
6195:VIII
6118:Teti
6100:Unas
5985:Huni
5787:Qa'a
5767:Djet
5762:Djer
5670:Bull
5649:Fish
5615:Wash
5596:Mekh
5472:male
3889:and
3773:ISBN
3754:ISBN
3735:ISBN
3716:ISBN
3699:ISSN
3665:2019
3621:ISBN
3565:39.4
3411:2019
3365:2019
3283:2019
3244:and
3218:2019
3147:2019
3121:OGIS
3103:2019
3077:2019
3003:2019
2847:Name
2800:and
2711:Edfu
2691:Nile
2564:Gaza
2342:Apis
2254:and
2244:King
2192:Died
2184:Born
92:and
59:King
8192:XXX
7941:to
7884:XXV
7607:XXI
7472:XIX
7089:XVI
6869:XIV
6717:Hor
6558:XII
6191:VII
5936:III
5772:Den
5568:Tiu
5434:to
4809:Bas
3691:doi
3603:353
3124:143
2762:of
2738:at
2693:to
2662:Cos
2246:of
8942::
8902:31
8897:30
8892:27
8887:26
8882:25
8877:24
8867:20
8862:19
8857:18
8852:12
8847:11
7525:XX
7457:Ay
7021:XV
6484:XI
6316:IX
6110:VI
5995:IV
5835:Ba
5811:II
5750:/
5709:/
5695:Ka
5547:Pu
5174:ru
3697:.
3687:28
3685:.
3656:.
3548:,
3524:,
3498:Ac
3485:33
3481:,
3434:^
3402:.
3380:,
3356:.
3334:,
3310:^
3291:^
3274:.
3209:.
3183:^
3162:,
3138:.
3094:.
3068:.
3026:^
3011:^
2994:.
2974:^
2902:c.
2878:c.
2784:c.
2770:,
2721:A
2713:.
2493:.
2381:.
2376:c.
2317:,
2222:,
2218::
2119:m.
2108:m.
8842:4
8838:3
8835:2
8831:1
6356:X
6193:/
6052:V
5740:I
5635:A
5603:A
5411:e
5404:t
5397:v
3977:e
3970:t
3963:v
3781:.
3762:.
3743:.
3724:.
3705:.
3693::
3667:.
3629:.
3605:.
3413:.
3367:.
3285:.
3220:.
3149:.
3105:.
3079:.
3005:.
2907:?
2587:.
2238:"
2214:(
2117:(
2106:(
1561:1
1229:?
231:?
20:)
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