111:
621:
144:
2381:
1532:
590:
Unlike
Archaeognatha and Zygentoma, the pterygotes do not have styli or vesicles on their abdomen (also absent in some zygentomans), and with the exception of the majority of mayflies, are also missing the median terminal filament which is present in the ancestrally wingless insects.
594:
The oldest known representatives of the group appeared during the mid-Carboniferous, around 328–324 million years ago, and the group subsequently underwent a rapid explosive diversification. Claims that they originated substantially earlier during the
632:. The reason given is: Highly outdated; for example, "Exopterygota" is almost certainly considered paraphyletic by most phylogenetic studies in the last 10 years at least by now, as most of them instead recognise at least
552:
that includes all winged insects and the orders that are secondarily wingless (that is, insect groups whose ancestors once had wings but that have lost them as a result of subsequent evolution).
682:, and better treatments (such as dividing or dissolving the group) are presently being discussed. In addition, it is not clear how exactly the neopterans are related among each other. The
1332:
2316:
2258:
2238:
2331:
772:
2627:
1007:
2346:
1358:
Schachat, Sandra R; Goldstein, Paul Z; Desalle, Rob; Bobo, Dean M; Boyce, C Kevin; Payne, Jonathan L; Labandeira, Conrad C (2 February 2023).
2548:
2278:
2253:
2273:
1435:
704:
The following scheme uses finer divisions than the one above, which is not well-suited to correctly accommodating the fossil groups.
2509:
2535:
1342:
1280:
1229:
2540:
1297:
508:
2584:
110:
2553:
1428:
2617:
527:
2065:
1245:
2488:
2483:
2470:
1421:
22:
143:
2589:
1196:
2632:
1144:
1359:
2566:
2410:
1447:
518:
2576:
2561:
1219:
229:
2496:
2457:
8:
2622:
2448:
646:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
539:
130:
607:
estimates are unlikely based on the fossil record, and are likely analytical artefacts.
2612:
2356:
1871:
1317:
1173:
1148:
762:
545:
138:
1306:
Proceedings of the Royal
Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology
2306:
1381:
1338:
1276:
1225:
1178:
722:
555:
The pterygotan group comprises 99.9% of all insects. The orders not included are the
2248:
2099:
1785:
1371:
1313:
1268:
1168:
1160:
1124:
1053:
871:
740:
697:
seem to be very close relatives, indeed, but nonetheless appear to contain several
470:
344:
2475:
2462:
690:
insects among the
Neoptera like the Palaeoptera are among insects as a whole. The
2392:
2326:
2243:
2233:
2210:
1777:
1376:
1272:
865:
604:
338:
2170:
2385:
2341:
2336:
2321:
2268:
1260:
1097:
1089:
819:
768:
756:
691:
687:
210:
1149:"Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics"
2606:
2296:
2288:
1514:
1506:
1385:
983:
950:
750:
728:
716:
694:
556:
383:
234:
68:
2433:
2228:
2001:
1978:
1970:
1912:
1867:
1699:
1642:
1471:
1182:
1164:
1043:
1023:
977:
925:
919:
907:
807:
800:
683:
679:
641:
637:
633:
411:
377:
352:
281:
265:
120:
1263:. In Hník, Pavel; Soukup, Tomáš; Vejsada, Richard; Zelená, Jiřina (eds.).
2522:
2442:
2351:
2283:
2215:
2116:
2017:
1947:
1798:
1736:
1612:
1069:
1059:
1011:
989:
957:
897:
879:
859:
853:
813:
746:
734:
441:
431:
389:
357:
320:
314:
125:
43:
2514:
2301:
2025:
1835:
1744:
1728:
1712:
1540:
1400:
1103:
999:
913:
849:
843:
831:
825:
671:
668:
580:
572:
564:
399:
326:
310:
304:
298:
195:
88:
53:
2527:
2263:
2107:
2067:
2042:
1895:
1806:
1765:
1752:
1570:
1465:
1360:"Illusion of flight? Absence, evidence and the age of winged insects"
1073:
1063:
1017:
939:
935:
885:
837:
786:
782:
560:
445:
435:
405:
332:
286:
275:
271:
248:
244:
175:
155:
93:
2404:
575:, which consist of three orders no longer considered to be insects:
2427:
2311:
2220:
2009:
1879:
1671:
1477:
993:
891:
675:
600:
596:
568:
393:
292:
259:
254:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
1129:(in German). Vol. 2nd ed. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. p. 244.
1650:
1531:
1126:
Grundriss der vergleichenden
Anatomie. Zweite verbesserte Auflage
1033:
778:
584:
576:
421:
240:
98:
73:
2501:
1413:
571:), two primitively wingless insect orders. Also not included is
1987:
1887:
1814:
1720:
1629:
1621:
1459:
1444:
971:
698:
549:
371:
185:
165:
2380:
1261:"Coxal Setal Organs in Archaeognatha and Zygentoma (Insecta)"
1357:
1217:
2075:
1077:
1027:
929:
701:
of related orders, the status of which is not agreed upon.
532:
500:
494:
485:
479:
449:
415:
2085:
1142:
1037:
965:
961:
491:
425:
365:
361:
640:(e.g. ), with the Paraneoptera more closely related to
2028:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)
1265:
Mechanoreceptors: Development, Structure, and
Function
1147:; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016).
678:. The former are nowadays strongly suspected of being
509:
473:
1246:"The Evolution and Genetics of Migration in Insects"
497:
482:
476:
226:
488:
1331:Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (3 November 2014).
2604:
686:might be a similar assemblage of rather ancient
1218:Vincent H. Resh; Ring T. Cardé (4 April 2003).
667:Traditionally, this group was divided into the
1330:
1865:
1429:
1211:
1697:
1505:
1611:
1436:
1422:
109:
1375:
1364:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1172:
1122:
862:(stick insects – tentatively placed here)
775:†(extinct; sometimes included in Odonata)
765:†(extinct; sometimes included in Odonata)
759:†(extinct; sometimes included in Odonata)
753:†(extinct; sometimes included in Odonata)
707:
2157:Four most speciose orders are marked in
1747:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts)
1398:
1295:
868:(ice-crawlers – tentatively placed here)
2628:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances
2605:
1153:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
1138:
1136:
874:(gladiators – tentatively placed here)
793:
2409:
2408:
2195:
1490:
1417:
1334:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology
1258:
2020:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)
1296:Drummond, F. H. (25 December 1953).
614:
262:(barklice, booklice, parasitic lice)
1133:
13:
1399:Maddison, David (1 January 2002).
1318:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1953.tb00643.x
14:
2644:
1443:
1267:. Springer US. pp. 365–367.
1259:Weyda, František (25 June 1988).
2379:
1530:
619:
469:
142:
41:
1392:
559:(jumping bristletails) and the
1351:
1324:
1289:
1252:
1238:
1224:. Academic Press. p. 64.
1189:
1116:
610:
1:
1950:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)
1110:
1898:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs)
1273:10.1007/978-1-4899-0812-4_70
533:
7:
2196:
1298:"THE EVERSIBLE VESICLES OF
1199:. Oxford English Dictionary
10:
2649:
2088:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
1981:(twisted-winged parasites)
1653:(dragonflies, damselflies)
1491:
1401:"Pterygota Winged Insects"
1377:10.1093/biolinnean/blac137
1285:– via Springer Link.
980:(twisted-winged parasites)
888:(cockroaches and termites)
522:
380:(twisted-winged parasites)
289:(cockroaches and termites)
23:Pterygota (disambiguation)
20:
2417:
2373:
2206:
2202:
2191:
2153:
2098:
2056:
2041:
2000:
1969:
1960:
1942:
1911:
1861:
1834:
1797:
1764:
1708:
1693:
1670:
1641:
1620:
1607:
1582:
1566:
1539:
1528:
1501:
1497:
1486:
1454:
1347:– via Google Books.
1337:. John Wiley & Sons.
628:This section needs to be
223:
218:
139:Scientific classification
137:
117:
108:
32:
1739:(stick and leaf insects)
712:(probably paraphyletic)
649:Last update: August 2007
544:'winged') are a
2166:are paraphyletic groups
1809:(cockroaches, termites)
1573:(silverfish, firebrats)
1221:Encyclopedia of Insects
1517:(jumping bristletails)
1165:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363
708:Infraclass Palaeoptera
2562:Paleobiology Database
1320:– via CrossRef.
1123:Gegenbaur, C (1878).
1020:(scorpionflies, etc.)
408:(scorpionflies, etc.)
230:Palaeodictyopteroidea
2618:Arthropod subclasses
2119:(moths, butterflies)
1052:Proposed superorder
1006:Proposed superorder
1002:(net-veined insects)
916:(booklice, barklice)
906:Proposed superorder
878:Proposed superorder
402:(net-veined insects)
21:For other uses, see
794:Infraclass Neoptera
644:than Polyneoptera..
131:Tribulus terrestris
39:Serpukhovian–Recent
16:Subclass of insects
2386:Insects portal
2357:Triadophlebioptera
1312:(10–12): 145–148.
763:Triadophlebioptera
2600:
2599:
2411:Taxon identifiers
2402:
2401:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2307:Palaeodictyoptera
2292:
2224:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2111:
2089:
2079:
2071:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2013:
1991:
1982:
1951:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1789:
1786:Mantophasmatodea
1781:
1770:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1633:
1622:Ephemeropteroidea
1574:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1344:978-1-118-84615-5
1282:978-1-4899-0814-8
1231:978-0-08-054605-6
723:Palaeodictyoptera
665:
664:
650:
543:
531:
462:
461:
214:
2640:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2557:
2556:
2544:
2543:
2531:
2530:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2406:
2405:
2384:
2383:
2317:Permoplectoptera
2290:
2249:Diaphanopterodea
2222:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2118:
2109:
2100:Amphiesmenoptera
2087:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2027:
2019:
2011:
1989:
1980:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1897:
1889:
1882:(barklice, lice)
1881:
1873:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1816:
1808:
1787:
1779:
1778:Grylloblattodea
1768:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1652:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1534:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1087:Neoptera orders
1054:Amphiesmenoptera
872:Mantophasmatodea
741:Diaphanopterodea
660:
657:
651:
648:
623:
622:
615:
538:
536:
526:
524:
513:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
345:Mantophasmatodea
323:(walking sticks)
228:
209:
147:
146:
118:Giant honey bee
113:
103:
40:
36:Temporal range:
30:
29:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2633:Insect taxonomy
2603:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2413:
2403:
2398:
2378:
2361:
2327:Protelytroptera
2259:Eudiaphanoptera
2244:Coxoplectoptera
2239:Carbotriplurida
2234:Campylopteridae
2211:Aethiocarenodea
2198:
2179:
2125:
2094:
2070:(scorpionflies)
2057:
2046:
2044:
2033:
1996:
1961:
1956:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1903:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1822:
1793:
1767:
1760:
1755:(angel insects)
1698:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1658:
1637:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1578:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1535:
1522:
1493:
1482:
1450:
1442:
1412:
1397:
1393:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1329:
1325:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1143:Kjer, Karl M.;
1141:
1134:
1121:
1117:
1113:
866:Grylloblattodea
840:(angel insects)
796:
710:
661:
655:
652:
647:
645:
624:
620:
613:
605:molecular clock
511:
472:
468:
339:Grylloblattodea
335:(angel insects)
208:
141:
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
38:
37:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2581:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2480:
2467:
2454:
2439:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Protozygoptera
2339:
2337:Protorthoptera
2334:
2332:Protephemerida
2329:
2324:
2322:Protanisoptera
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2291:(griffinflies)
2289:Meganisoptera
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:Glosselytrodea
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2010:Raphidioptera
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1964:
1962:Neuropteroidea
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1937:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1856:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1780:(ice-crawlers)
1774:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1703:
1688:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:Ephemeroptera
1626:
1624:
1615:
1602:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:Archaeognatha
1511:
1509:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1391:
1370:(2): 143–168.
1350:
1343:
1323:
1288:
1281:
1251:
1237:
1230:
1210:
1188:
1132:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1098:Glosselytrodea
1090:incertae sedis
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1067:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1003:
997:
987:
981:
975:
969:
946:
945:
944:
943:
933:
923:
917:
903:
902:
901:
895:
889:
875:
869:
863:
857:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
820:Protorthoptera
817:
811:
795:
792:
791:
790:
776:
773:Archizygoptera
769:Protozygoptera
766:
760:
757:Protanisoptera
754:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
709:
706:
692:holometabolous
688:hemimetabolous
663:
662:
636:and sometimes
627:
625:
618:
612:
609:
460:
459:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:
453:
439:
429:
419:
409:
403:
397:
387:
381:
375:
369:
350:
349:
348:
342:
341:(ice-crawlers)
336:
330:
324:
318:
308:
302:
296:
290:
279:
269:
263:
252:
238:
232:
221:
220:
216:
215:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
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2110:(caddisflies)
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2076:Siphonaptera
2073:
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2047:(Mecopterida)
2040:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2008:
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1999:
1993:
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1979:Strepsiptera
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1968:
1965:
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1953:
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1008:Mecopteroidea
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984:Raphidioptera
982:
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976:
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951:Endopterygota
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834:(webspinners)
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751:Meganisoptera
748:
745:
742:
739:
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729:Megasecoptera
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:Ephemeroptera
715:
714:
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705:
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695:Endopterygota
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681:
677:
673:
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656:December 2023
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582:
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566:
562:
558:
557:Archaeognatha
553:
551:
547:
541:
535:
529:
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519:Ancient Greek
516:
515:
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467:
451:
447:
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384:Raphidioptera
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235:Ephemeroptera
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70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
31:
28:
24:
19:
2418:
2391:
2377:
2347:Syntonoptera
2229:Caloneurodea
2221:Blattoptera
2172:
2163:
2158:
2117:Lepidoptera
2115:
2108:Trichoptera
2084:
2066:
2018:Megaloptera
2012:(snakeflies)
2002:Neuropterida
1986:
1971:Coleopterida
1948:Hymenoptera
1946:
1868:Paraneoptera
1866:
1788:(gladiators)
1737:Phasmatodea
1715:(stoneflies)
1700:Polyneoptera
1643:Odonatoptera
1583:
1507:Monocondylia
1472:Pancrustacea
1470:(unranked):
1405:Tree of Life
1404:
1394:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1333:
1326:
1309:
1305:
1302:(THYSANURA)"
1299:
1291:
1264:
1254:
1240:
1220:
1213:
1203:17 September
1201:. Retrieved
1191:
1159:(121): 121.
1156:
1152:
1145:Simon, Chris
1125:
1118:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1051:
1044:Protodiptera
1024:Siphonaptera
1005:
986:(snakeflies)
978:Strepsiptera
948:
947:
926:Phthiraptera
920:Thysanoptera
908:Paraneoptera
905:
877:
854:grasshoppers
828:(stoneflies)
808:Caloneurodea
801:Exopterygota
798:
797:
711:
703:
684:Exopterygota
680:paraphyletic
669:infraclasses
666:
653:
642:Holometabola
638:Paraneoptera
634:Polyneoptera
629:
593:
589:
565:silverfishes
554:
465:
463:
412:Siphonaptera
386:(snakeflies)
378:Strepsiptera
353:Holometabola
347:(gladiators)
315:grasshoppers
307:(stoneflies)
282:Polyneoptera
266:Thysanoptera
205:
192:(unranked):
129:
121:Apis dorsata
119:
27:
18:
2523:iNaturalist
2443:Wikispecies
2393:Wikispecies
2352:Titanoptera
2284:Lapeyriidae
2279:Hypoperlida
2254:Eoblattodea
2223:(roachoids)
2216:Archodonata
2058:Antliophora
2026:Neuroptera
1988:Coleoptera
1799:Dictyoptera
1769:(Xenonomia)
1745:Orthoptera
1729:Embioptera
1721:Dermaptera
1713:Plecoptera
1613:Palaeoptera
1476:Subphylum:
1197:"Pterygota"
1074:butterflies
1070:Lepidoptera
1064:caddisflies
1060:Trichoptera
1012:Antliophora
990:Megaloptera
958:Hymenoptera
949:Superorder
898:Alienoptera
880:Dictyoptera
860:Phasmatodea
814:Titanoptera
799:Superorder
787:damselflies
783:dragonflies
747:Protodonata
735:Archodonata
611:Systematics
446:butterflies
442:Lepidoptera
436:caddisflies
432:Trichoptera
390:Megaloptera
358:Hymenoptera
321:Phasmatodea
249:damselflies
245:dragonflies
126:Hymenoptera
2623:Dicondylia
2607:Categories
2476:Pterygotes
2302:Miomoptera
2068:Mecoptera
1896:Hemiptera
1817:(mantises)
1807:Blattodea
1753:Zoraptera
1632:(mayflies)
1571:Zygentoma
1466:Arthropoda
1111:References
1106:†(extinct)
1104:Miomoptera
1100:†(extinct)
1046:†(extinct)
1000:Neuroptera
994:alderflies
972:Coleoptera
914:Psocoptera
900:†(extinct)
850:Orthoptera
844:Dermaptera
832:Embioptera
826:Plecoptera
822:†(extinct)
816:†(extinct)
810:†(extinct)
743:†(extinct)
737:†(extinct)
731:†(extinct)
725:†(extinct)
719:(mayflies)
672:Paleoptera
581:Collembola
573:Entognatha
534:pterugōtós
523:πτερυγωτός
400:Neuroptera
394:alderflies
372:Coleoptera
327:Embioptera
311:Orthoptera
305:Plecoptera
299:Dermaptera
237:(mayflies)
202:Subclass:
196:Dicondylia
176:Arthropoda
2613:Pterygota
2463:Pterygota
2449:Pterygota
2419:Pterygota
2274:Heraridea
2264:Geroptera
2169:Based on
2043:Panorpida
1990:(beetles)
1880:Psocodea
1815:Mantodea
1766:Notoptera
1723:(earwigs)
1458:Kingdom:
1386:0024-4066
1018:Mecoptera
974:(beetles)
936:Hemiptera
894:(mantids)
886:Blattodea
846:(earwigs)
838:Zoraptera
603:based on
569:firebrats
561:Zygentoma
528:romanized
466:Pterygota
406:Mecoptera
374:(beetles)
333:Zoraptera
301:(earwigs)
295:(mantids)
287:Blattodea
272:Hemiptera
211:Gegenbaur
206:Pterygota
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
33:Pterygota
2428:Wikidata
2312:Paoliida
2086:Diptera
1890:(thrips)
1651:Odonata
1478:Hexapoda
1464:Phylum:
1460:Animalia
1300:CAMPODEA
1183:27558853
922:(thrips)
892:Mantodea
676:Neoptera
601:Devonian
597:Silurian
546:subclass
293:Mantodea
268:(thrips)
260:Psocodea
255:Neoptera
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
2577:5791287
2515:9502664
2502:2634372
2197:Extinct
2171:Sasaki
2078:(fleas)
1872: *
1174:5014063
1034:Diptera
996:, etc.)
968:, etc.)
856:, etc.)
779:Odonata
630:updated
585:Diplura
577:Protura
550:insects
542:
530::
422:Diptera
396:, etc.)
368:, etc.)
241:Odonata
219:Orders
186:Insecta
182:Class:
124:(order
2590:151152
2574:uBio:
2541:100500
2528:184884
2489:518860
2434:Q22708
2175:(2013)
2173:et al.
2164:Italic
1492:Extant
1448:orders
1445:Insect
1384:
1341:
1279:
1228:
1181:
1171:
1036:(true
938:(true
699:clades
583:, and
510:terrə-
424:(true
317:, etc)
274:(true
213:, 1878
2585:WoRMS
2567:94228
1078:moths
1038:flies
1028:fleas
450:moths
426:flies
416:fleas
128:) on
2554:7496
2549:NCBI
2536:ITIS
2510:GBIF
2484:BOLD
2159:bold
1382:ISSN
1339:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1205:2024
1179:PMID
966:bees
962:ants
940:bugs
930:lice
785:and
674:and
567:and
540:lit.
464:The
366:bees
362:ants
276:bugs
247:and
44:PreꞒ
2497:EoL
2471:AFD
2458:ADW
1372:doi
1368:138
1314:doi
1269:doi
1169:PMC
1161:doi
771:or
749:or
599:or
548:of
514:-tə
512:GOH
2609::
2587::
2564::
2551::
2538::
2525::
2512::
2499::
2486::
2473::
2460::
2445::
2430::
2074:+
1403:.
1380:.
1366:.
1362:.
1310:28
1308:.
1304:.
1275:.
1177:.
1167:.
1157:13
1155:.
1151:.
1135:^
1076:,
964:,
587:.
579:,
537:,
525:,
521::
495:oʊ
448:,
364:,
94:Pg
1935:a
1933:l
1931:o
1929:b
1927:a
1925:t
1923:e
1921:m
1919:o
1917:l
1915:o
1913:H
1854:a
1852:l
1850:o
1848:b
1846:a
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1842:e
1840:m
1838:u
1836:E
1686:a
1684:r
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1678:p
1676:o
1674:e
1672:N
1600:a
1598:t
1596:o
1594:g
1592:y
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1559:a
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1555:l
1553:y
1551:d
1549:n
1547:o
1545:c
1543:i
1541:D
1437:e
1430:t
1423:v
1407:.
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1271::
1248:.
1234:.
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1072:(
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1062:(
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1026:(
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992:(
960:(
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928:(
852:(
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781:(
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654:(
563:(
517:(
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501:ə
498:t
492:ɡ
489:ˈ
486:ə
483:r
480:ɛ
477:t
474:ˌ
471:/
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444:(
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434:(
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418:)
414:(
392:(
360:(
313:(
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251:)
243:(
227:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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