364:'. The higher unconscious (or superconscious) denotes "our higher potentialities which seek to express themselves, but which we often repel and repress" (Assagioli). As with the lower unconscious, this area is by definition not available to consciousness, so its existence is inferred from moments in which contents from that level affect consciousness. Contact with the higher unconscious can be seen in those moments, termed peak experiences by Maslow, which are often difficult to put into words, experiences in which one senses deeper meaning in life, a profound serenity and peace, a universality within the particulars of existence, or perhaps a unity between oneself and the cosmos. This level of the unconscious represents an area of the personality that contains the "heights" overarching the "depths" of the lower unconscious. As long as this range of experience remains unconscious – in what Desoille termed '"repression of the sublime"' – the person will have a limited ability to be empathic with self or other in the more sublime aspects of human life.
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control of the conscious personality. Since Self pervades all levels, an ongoing lived relationship with Self—Self-realization—may lead anywhere on the diagram as one's direction unfolds (this is one reason for not illustrating Self at the top of the diagram, a representation that tends to give the impression that Self-realization leads only into the higher unconscious). Relating to Self may lead for example to engagement with addictions and compulsions, to the heights of creative and religious experience, to the mysteries of unitive experience, to issues of meaning and mortality, to grappling with early childhood wounding, to discerning a sense of purpose and meaning in life.
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fullness, who can experience utter isolation or cosmic unity, who can engage any and all arising experiences. "I" is not any particular experience but the experiencer, not object but subject, and thus cannot be seen or grasped as an object of consciousness. This "noself" view of "I" can be seen in
Assagioli's discussion of "I" as a reflection of Self: "The reflection appears to be self-existent but has, in reality, no autonomous substantiality. It is, in other words, not a new and different light but a projection of its luminous source". The next section describes this "luminous source", Self.
165:, even preceding Jung's break with Freud by several years. Assagioli's conception has an affinity with existential-humanistic psychology and other approaches that attempt to understand the nature of the healthy personality, personal responsibility, and choice, and the actualization of the personal self. Similarly, his conception is related to the field of transpersonal psychology (with its focus on higher states of consciousness), spirituality, and human experience beyond the individual self. Assagioli served on the board of editors for both the
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and responsibility; levels of creativity, peak performance, and spiritual experience; and the search for meaning and direction in life. None of these important spheres of human existence need be reduced to the other, and each can find its right place in the whole. This means that no matter what type of experience is engaged, and no matter what phase of growth is negotiated, the complexity and uniqueness of the person may be respected—a fundamental principle in any application of psychosynthesis.
65:...—is true." Spiritual goals of "self-realization" and the "interindividual psychosynthesis"—of "social integration...the harmonious integration of the individual into ever larger groups up to the 'one humanity'"—were central to Assagioli's theory. Psychosynthesis was not intended to be a school of thought or an exclusive method. However, many conferences and publications had it as a central theme, and centers were formed in Italy and the United States in the 1960s.
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cognitive-behavioral techniques; object relations, self psychology, and family systems approaches, may all be used in different contexts, from individual and group psychotherapy, to meditation and self-help groups. Psychosynthesis offers an overall view which can help orient oneself within the vast array of different modalities available today, and be applied either for therapy or for self-actualization.
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broken away from consciousness. It comprises that range of experience related to the threat of personal annihilation, of destruction of self, of nonbeing, and more generally, of the painful side of the human condition. As long as this range of experience remains unconscious, the person will have a limited ability to be empathic with self or others in the more painful aspects of human life.
430:"I" is the direct "reflection" or "projection" of Self (Assagioli) and the essential being of the person, distinct but not separate from all contents of experience. "I" possesses the two functions of consciousness, or awareness, and will, whose field of operation is represented by the concentric circle around "I" in the oval diagram – Personal Will.
437:", and might perhaps be linked with the hegemony of the lower unconscious. "The next stage of the will is understanding that 'will exists'. We might still feel that we cannot actually do it, but we know...it is possible". "Once we have developed our will, at least to some degree, we pass to the next stage which is called 'having a will
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another recent study, the subpersonality model was shown to be an effective intervention for aiding creative expression, helping people connect to different levels of their unconscious creativity. Most recently, psychosynthesis psychotherapy has proven to activate personal and spiritual growth in self-identified atheists.
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synthesis on the patient's part: "As we analyse...the great unity which we call his ego fits into itself all the instinctual impulses which before had been split off and held apart from it. The psycho-synthesis is thus achieved in analytic treatment without our intervention, automatically and inevitably."
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Psychosynthesis allows practitioners the recognition and validation of an extensive range of human experience: the vicissitudes of developmental difficulties and early trauma; the struggle with compulsions, addictions, and the trance of daily life; the confrontation with existential identity, choice,
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Psychosynthesis was regarded by
Assagioli as more of an orientation and a general approach to the whole human being, and as existing apart from any of its particular concrete applications. This approach allows for a wide variety of techniques and methods to be used within the psychosynthesis context.
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Writing about the model of the person presented above, Assagioli states that it is a "structural, static, almost 'anatomical' representation of our inner constitution, while it leaves out its dynamic aspect, which is the most important and essential one". Thus he follows this model immediately with a
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The higher unconscious thus represents 'an autonomous realm, from where we receive our higher intuitions and inspirations – altruistic love and will, humanitarian action, artistic and scientific inspiration, philosophic and spiritual insight, and the drive towards purpose and meaning in life'. It may
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In developing psychosynthesis, Assagioli agreed with Freud that healing childhood trauma and developing a healthy ego were necessary aims of psychotherapy, but
Assagioli believed that human growth could not be limited to this alone. A student of philosophical and spiritual traditions of both East and
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Assagioli did not of course limit this relationship and dialogue to those dramatic experiences of "call" seen in the lives of great men and women throughout history. Rather, the potential for a conscious relationship with Self exists for every person at all times and may be assumed to be implicit in
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The relationship of "I" and Self is paradoxical. Assagioli was clear that "I" and Self were from one point of view, one. He wrote, "There are not really two selves, two independent and separate entities. The Self is one". Such a nondual unity is a fundamental aspect of this level of experience. But
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Recently, two psychosynthesis techniques were shown to help student sojourners in their acculturation process. First, the self-identification exercise eased anxiety, an aspect of culture shock. Secondly, the subpersonality model aided students in their ability to integrate a new social identity. In
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It is important to note that although the linear progression of the following stages does make logical sense, these stages may not in fact be experienced in this sequence; they are not a ladder up which one climbs, but aspects of a single process. Further, one never outgrows these stages; any stage
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The function of the middle unconscious can be seen in all spheres of human development, from learning to walk and talk, to acquiring languages, to mastering a trade or profession, to developing social roles. Anticipating today's neuroscience, Assagioli even referred to "developing new neuromuscular
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Let us examine whether and how it is possible to solve this central problem of human life, to heal this fundamental infirmity of man. Let us see how he may free himself from this enslavement and achieve an harmonious inner integration, true Self-realization, and right relationships with others. (p.
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A more technical danger is that premature concern with the transpersonal may hamper dealing with personal psychosynthesis: for example, "evoking serenity ... might produce a false sense of well-being and security". Practitioners have noted how "inability to ... integrate the superconscious contact
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The middle unconscious is a sector of the person whose contents, although unconscious, nevertheless support normal conscious functioning in an ongoing way (thus it is illustrated as most immediate to "I"). It is the capacity to form patterns of skills, behaviors, feelings, attitudes, and abilities
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The lower unconscious is that realm of the person to which is relegated the experiences of shame, fear, pain, despair, and rage associated with primal wounding suffered in life. One way to think of the lower unconscious is that it is a particular bandwidth of one's experiential range that has been
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every moment of every day and in every phase of life, even when one does not recognize this. Whether within one's private inner world of feelings, thoughts, and dreams, or within one's relationships with other people and the natural world, a meaningful ongoing relationship with Self may be lived.
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Pervading all the areas mapped by the oval diagram, distinct but not separate from all of them, is Self (which has also been called Higher Self or
Transpersonal Self). The concept of Self points towards a source of wisdom and guidance within the person, a source which can operate quite beyond the
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Since "I" is distinct from any and all contents and structures of experience, "I" can be thought of as not a "self" at all but as "noself". That is, "I" is never the object of experience. "I" is who can experience, for example, the ego disintegrating and reforming, who can encounter emptiness and
154:(Maslow) of inspired creativity, spiritual insight, and unitive states of consciousness. Psychosynthesis recognizes the process of self-realization, of contact and response with one's deepest callings and directions in life, which can involve either or both personal and transpersonal development.
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who later studied with Carl Jung) and concluded that what humanity needed was not psychoanalysis, but psycho-synthesis. The term was also used by
Bezzoli. Freud, however, was opposed to what he saw as the directive element in Jung's approach to psychosynthesis, and Freud argued for a spontaneous
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based in the personal unconscious form a central strand in psychosynthesis thinking. 'One of the first people to have started really making use of subpersonalities for therapy and personal growth was
Roberto Assagioli', psychosynthesis reckoning that 'subpersonalities exist at various levels of
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organization, complexity, and refinement' throughout the mind. A five-fold process of recognition, acceptance, co-ordination, integration, and synthesis 'leads to the discovery of the
Transpersonal Self, and the realization that that is the final truth of the person, not the subpersonalities'.
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The "I" is placed at the center of the field of awareness and will in order to indicate that "I" is the one who has consciousness and will. It is "I" who is aware of the psyche-soma contents as they pass in and out of awareness; the contents come and go, while "I" may remain present to each
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that expands the boundaries of the field by identifying a deeper center of identity, which is the postulate of the Self. It considers each individual unique in terms of purpose in life, and places value on the exploration of human potential. The approach combines spiritual development with
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and was asked to comment on the limits of psychosynthesis. He answered paradoxically: "The limit of psychosynthesis is that it has no limits. It is too extensive, too comprehensive. Its weakness is that it accepts too much. It sees too many sides at the same time and that is a drawback."
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techniques, dream work, guided imagery, affirmations, and meditation are all powerful tools for integration', but 'the attitude and presence of the guide are of far greater importance than the particular methods used'. Sand tray, art therapy, journaling, drama therapy, and body work;
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Psychosynthesis departed from the empirical foundations of psychology because it studied a person as a personality and a soul, but
Assagioli continued to insist that it was scientific. He developed therapeutic methods beyond those in psychoanalysis. Although the
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Psychosynthesis "has always been on the fringes of the 'official' therapy world" and it "is only recently that the concepts and methods of psychoanalysis and group analysis have been introduced into the training and practice of psychosynthesis psychotherapy".
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experience as it arises. But "I" is dynamic as well as receptive: "I" has the ability to affect awareness, in addition to the contents of awareness, by choosing to focus awareness (as in many types of meditation), expand it, or contract it.
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with everyday experience easily leads to inflation", and have spoken of "an 'Icarus complex', the tendency whereby spiritual ambition fails to take personality limitations into account and causes all sorts of psychological difficulties".
372:, seen as 'the higher, moral, supra-personal side of human nature...a higher nature in man', incorporating 'Religion, morality, and a social sense – the chief elements in the higher side of man...putting science and art to one side'.
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Assagioli envisioned an approach to the human being that could address both the process of personal growth—of personality integration and self-actualization—as well as transpersonal development—that dimension glimpsed for example in
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can be present at any moment throughout the process of
Psychosynthesis, Assaglioli acknowledging 'persisting traits belonging to preceding psychological ages' and the perennial possibility of 'retrogression to primitive stages'.
580:, so that on occasion, having "started out reflecting the high-minded spiritual philosophy of its founder, became more and more authoritarian, more and more strident in its conviction that psychosynthesis was the One Truth".
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For
Assagioli, 'the lower unconscious, which contains one's personal psychological past in the form of repressed complexes, long-forgotten memories and dreams and imaginations', stood at the base of the diagram of the mind.
530:: To help identify blocks and enable the exploration of the unconscious'. Psychosynthesis stresses 'the importance of using obstacles as steps to growth' – 'blessing the obstacle...blocks are our helpers'. '
96:, wrote, "If there is a 'psychoanalysis' there must also be a 'psychosynthesis which creates future events according to the same laws'." A. R. Orage, who was the publisher of the influential journal,
595:'s "Lifemanship Psycho-Synthesis Clinic", where one may "find the psycho-synthesist lying relaxed on the couch while the patient will be encouraged to walk up and down" would seem a genuine case of "
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A beginning of my conception of psychosynthesis was contained in my doctoral thesis on Psychoanalysis (1910), in which I pointed out what I considered to be some of the limitations of Freud's views.
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Accounts of religious experiences often speak of a "call" from God, or a "pull" from some Higher Power; this sometimes starts a "dialogue" between the man and this "higher Source"...
395:'. Others will resist the process of integration; will 'take the line that it is difficult being alive, and it is far easier – and safer – to stay in an undifferentiated state'.
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West, Assagioli sought to address human growth as it proceeded beyond the norm of the well-functioning ego; he wished to support the fruition of human potential—what
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patterns". All such elaborate syntheses of thought, feeling, and behavior are built upon learnings and abilities that must eventually operate unconsciously.
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of "a very pleasant and perhaps valuable acquaintance, our first Italian, a Dr. Assagioli from the psychiatric clinic in Florence". Later however, this same
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Firman, J., & Gila, A. (1997). The primal wound: A transpersonal view of trauma, addiction, and growth. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
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stage theory outlining the process of psychosynthesis. This scheme can be called the "stages of psychosynthesis", and is presented here.
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At the core of psychosynthesis theory is the Egg Diagram, which maps the human psyche into different distinct and interconnected levels.
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McGuire, William, ed. (1974). The Freud/Jung Letters. Vol. XCIV, Bollingen Series. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 241
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Psychosynthesis suggests that "we can experience the will as having four stages. The first stage could be described as 'having no will
441:", and thereafter "in psychosynthesis we call the fourth and final stage of the evolution of the will in the individual 'being will
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92:, who were both more aligned with Assagioli's use of the term than Putnam's use. C. G. Jung, in comparing his goals to those of
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McGuire, William, ed. (1974). The Freud/Jung Letters. Vol. XCIV, Bollingen Series. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
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is an important part of his theory, Assagioli was careful to maintain a balance with rational, conscious therapeutical work.
100:, used the term as well, but hyphenated it (psycho-synthesis). Orage formed an early psychology study group (which included
1600:
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Lombard, Catherine Ann; MĂĽller, Barbara C. N. (2016-06-30). "Opening the Door to Creativity A Psychosynthesis Approach".
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For Assagioli, 'Human healing and growth that involves work with either the middle or the lower unconscious is known as
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_______________. (2002). Psychosynthesis: A psychology of the spirit. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
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Assagioli termed 'the sphere of aesthetic experience, creative inspiration, and higher states of consciousness...the
54:. He compared psychosynthesis to the prevailing thinking of the day, contrasting psychosynthesis for example with
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Jung, C. G. 1954. The Development of Personality, Bollingen Series XX. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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psychological healing by including the life journey of an individual or their unique path to self-realization.
534:...the eight psychological functions need to be gradually retrained to produce permanent positive change'. '
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Assagioli also understood that there could be a meaningful relationship between the person and Self as well:
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At the same time, 'the lower unconscious merely represents the most primitive part of ourselves...It is not
125:(1888 – 1974) wrote a doctoral dissertation, "La Psicosintesi," in which he began to move away from Freud's
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that can function without conscious attention, thereby forming the infrastructure of one's conscious life.
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Maslow, Abraham. (1962). Toward a Psychology of Being. Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
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Maslow, Abraham. (1962). Toward a Psychology of Being. Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
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599:", since its clear targets, as "the natural antagonists...of the lifeplay, are the psychoanalysts".
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Sørensen, Kenneth, (2016). The Soul of Psychosynthesis - The Seven Core Concepts. Kentaur Forlag
1564:. (2013) Psychosynthesis Counselling in Action (Counselling in Action series) 4th Edition. Sage.
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324:'. Indeed, 'the "lower" side has many attractions and great vitality', and – as with Freud's
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_________. (1967). Jung and Psychosynthesis. New York: Psychosynthesis Research Foundation.
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A. R. Orage: On Love/Psychological Exercises: With Some Aphorisms & Other Essays, p.126
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1134:"Coping with anxiety and rebuilding identity: A psychosynthesis approach to culture shock"
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Coping with anxiety and rebuilding identity: A psychosynthesis approach to culture shock.
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What We May Be: Techniques for Psychological and Spiritual Growth Through Psychosynthesis
332:– the conscious goal must be to 'achieve a creative tension' with the lower unconscious.
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The Institute of Psychosynthesis London, founded under the guidance of Roberto Assagioli
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As a result, the movement has been at times exposed to the dangers of fossilisation and
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Psychosynthesis: the formation or reconstruction of the personality around a new center.
445:" – which then "relates to the 'I' or self...draws energy from the transpersonal self".
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the use of active techniques to stimulate the psychic functions still weak and immature.
58:, but unlike the latter considered loneliness not to be "either ultimate or essential".
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Assagioli was not the first to use the term "psychosynthesis". The earliest use was by
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the elimination of the conflicts and obstacles, conscious and unconscious, that block
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Sigmund Freud, "Lines of Advance in Psycho-Analytic Therapy" in Neville Symington,
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Some subpersonalities may be seen 'as psychological contents striving to emulate an
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and addresses psychological distress and intra-psychic and interpersonal conflicts.
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One broad classification of the techniques used involves the following headings: '
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35:
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Journal of Humanistic Psychology, June 30, 2016, doi: 10.1177/0022167816653224.
180:, models that have remained fundamental to psychosynthesis theory and practice:
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Phenomenological, Existential, and Humanistic Psychologies: a Historical Survey
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Realization of one's true Self—the discovery or creation of a unifying center.
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200:, Assagioli states that the principal aims and tasks of psychosynthesis are:
146:—into the spiritual or transpersonal dimensions of human experience as well.
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1210:"Psychosynthesis: A Foundational Bridge Between Psychology and Spirituality"
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http://jhp.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/06/24/0022167816653224.abstract
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89:
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The Primal Wound: A Transpersonal View of Trauma, Addiction, and Growth
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Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis. New York: The Viking Press. p.21
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Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis. New York: The Viking Press. p.16
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Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis. New York: The Viking Press. p.20
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23:
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http://two.not2.org/psychosynthesis/articles/PsychosomaticMedicine.pdf
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Assagioli, R. (1973). The Act of Will. New York: Penguin Books. p.114
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Assagioli, R. (1973). The Act of Will. New York: Penguin Books. p.191
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Assagioli presents two major theoretical models in his seminal book,
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Psychosynthesis is therefore one of the earliest forerunners of both
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Assagioli asserted that "the direct experience of the self, of pure
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Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis. New York: The Viking Press.
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A Psychology with a Soul: Psychosynthesis in Evolutionary Context
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A Psychology with a Soul: Psychosynthesis in Evolutionary Context
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A Psychology with a Soul: Psychosynthesis in Evolutionary Context
538:...the refashioning of the personality around a new centre'. '
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The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Counseling and Psychotherapy
647:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. p. 225.
546:...to cultivate qualities such as love, openness and empathy'.
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1638:
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The Institute of Psychosynthesis founded by Roberto Assagioli
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A stage theory of the process of psychosynthesis (see below).
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_________. (1973). The Act of Will. New York: Penguin Books.
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What We May Be: The Vision and Techniques of Psychosynthesis
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http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/KmPD4Cfz6NhcyXEsdraS/full
1474:"Psychosynthesis: The Elements and Beyond" by Will Parfitt
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The stages of Psychosynthesis may be tabulated as follows:
215:(1965), Assagioli writes of three aims of psychosynthesis:
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Opening the Door to Creativity: A Psychosynthesis Approach
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degraded expressions of the archetypes of higher qualities
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Keen, S. (1974). "The Golden Mean of Roberto Assagioli".
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The integrative framework of psychosynthesis is based on
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Psychosynthesis was developed by Italian psychiatrist,
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The Psychosynthesis Trust founded by Roberto Assagioli
865:. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. p. 838.
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Assaglioli, R. (1993). Psychosynthesis, p. 7 and p.5
1601:Association for the Advancement of Psychosynthesis
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673:The SAGE Handbook of Counselling and Psychotherapy
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1436:Unfolding Self: The Practice Of Psychosynthesis
1394:Psychosynthesis: A Collection of Basic Writings
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213:Psychosynthesis: A Collection of Basic Writings
198:Psychosomatic Medicine and Bio-psychosynthesis
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774:A biography from Kentaur Institute in Denmark
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184:A diagram and description of the human person
1500:by Henryk Misiak and Virginia Staudt Sexton
818:Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis, p.280
542:...into the concrete terms of daily life. '
1449:Psychosynthesis: A Psychology of the Spirit
931:Psychosynthesis: a psychology of the spirit
700:Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis, p.5.
645:Psychosynthesis: A Psychology of the Spirit
1520:Lombard, C.A. & MĂĽller, B.C.M. (2016)
642:
1241:
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887:An A-Z of Counselling Theory and Practice
675:. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. p. 330.
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495:Thorough knowledge of one's personality.
1514:Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 27:2.
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129:toward what he called psychosynthesis:
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1591:Centre for Integrative Psychosynthesis
622:. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. p. 4.
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1609:MA thesis on Integral Psychosynthesis
1208:Lombard, Catherine Ann (2017-01-27).
765:Roberto Assagioli - his life and work
620:Psychosynthesis Counselling in Action
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671:Feltham, Colin; Horton, Ian (2012).
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171:Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
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1615:Webpage featuring psychosynthesis
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80:, who used it as the name of his
50:, who was a student of Freud and
1624:The Institute of Psychosynthesis
1578:The Institute of Psychosynthesis
1157:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
1138:Counselling Psychology Quarterly
643:Firman, John; Gila, Ann (2002).
498:Control of its various elements.
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167:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
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1132:Lombard, Catherine Ann (2014).
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1037:The Elements of Psychosynthesis
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564:, Assagioli was interviewed by
424:formulated by Roberto Assagioli
1613:65 articles on Psychosynthesis
997:Discover Your Subpersonalities
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558:In the December 1974 issue of
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1:
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840:. New York: The Viking Press.
1464:by John Firman and Ann Gila
1451:by John Firman and Ann Gila
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422:Psychosynthesis Star Diagram
406:Psychosynthesis Star Diagram
84:. The term was also used by
7:
1057:Parfitt, p. 59-60 and p. 34
861:Neukrug, Edward S. (2015).
232:Psychosynthesis Egg Diagram
10:
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108:
1603:Psychosynthesis resources
1370:Some Notes on Lifemanship
1226:10.1007/s11089-017-0753-5
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82:electroconvulsive therapy
36:theory of the unconscious
1679:Transpersonal psychology
1664:Human Potential Movement
1639:Istituto di Psicosintesi
1607:Integral Psychosynthesis
1595:Istituto di Psicosintesi
1169:10.1177/0022167816653224
798:Narcissism: A New Theory
742:Jung quoted in J. Kerr,
618:Whitmore, Diana (2014).
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350:personal psychosynthesis
274:5: Conscious Self or "I"
163:transpersonal psychology
1289:Parfitt, p. 79 and p. 9
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368:be compared to Freud's
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1359:Ferrucci, pp. 159-161.
929:John Firman/Ann Gila,
836:Assagioli, R. (1965).
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282:Collective Unconscious
222:
135:
56:existential psychology
16:Psychological approach
1659:Humanistic psychology
1629:Psychosynthesis Trust
1510:Lombard, C.A. (2014).
1438:by Molly Young Brown
1412:by Roberto Assagioli
1322:Discovering Your Self
800:(London 2003) p. 110.
721:by Jean Hardy, p. 20.
468:
265:3: Higher Unconscious
262:2: Middle Unconscious
217:
159:humanistic psychology
131:
1644:The Synthesis Center
1333:Walter T. Anderson,
973:(P. F. L. 11) p. 375
733:by Jean Hardy, p.21.
78:James Jackson Putnam
1669:Spiritual evolution
1372:(London 1950) p. 52
1320:Reinhard Kowalski,
1214:Pastoral Psychology
1118:Molly Young Brown,
1039:(Dorset 1996) p. 57
902:(London 1990) p. 44
588:Fictional analogies
225:Model of the person
211:In his major book,
1674:Systems psychology
1619:Training Schools:
1425:by Piero Ferrucci
1335:The Upstart Spring
785:A Dangerous Method
770:2012-02-11 at the
744:A Dangerous Method
597:parallel evolution
362:higher unconscious
356:Higher unconscious
336:Middle unconscious
144:self-actualization
22:is an approach to
1480:978-0-9552786-0-0
1398:Roberto Assagioli
1017:Ferrucci, p. 54-5
971:On Metapsychology
942:Firman/Gila, p. 2
898:Pierro Ferrucci,
885:William Stewart,
872:978-1-4522-7412-6
746:(2012) pp. 214-5.
629:978-1-4462-5292-5
304:Lower unconscious
123:Roberto Assagioli
48:Roberto Assagioli
1686:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1368:Stephen Potter,
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152:peak experiences
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1348:Psychosynthesis
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1298:Stewart, p. 393
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1279:
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1271:Stewart, p. 392
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1098:Psychosynthesis
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969:Sigmund Freud,
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960:Stewart, p. 386
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1572:External links
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1120:Unfolding Self
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1048:Parfitt, p. 58
1041:
1035:Will Parfitt,
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127:psychoanalysis
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63:self-awareness
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1381:Potter, p. 52
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32:Sigmund Freud
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1532:Bibliography
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995:John Rowan,
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328:, or Jung's
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1562:Whitmore, D
1178:2066/196792
514:'Dialogue,
258:Unconscious
98:The New Age
90:A. R. Orage
71:unconscious
42:Development
1653:Categories
1388:References
544:Relational
528:Analytical
86:C. G. Jung
24:psychology
1634:Re-Vision
1589:Re-Vision
1234:0031-2789
1195:148279821
1187:0022-1678
783:J. Kerr,
554:Criticism
540:Grounding
389:archetype
256:1: Lower
117:wrote to
115:C.G. Jung
113:In 1909,
1252:28725087
768:Archived
566:Sam Keen
370:superego
169:and the
1243:5493721
982:Freud,
578:cultism
532:Mastery
516:Gestalt
509:Methods
322:earlier
245:
109:Origins
52:Bleuler
1504:
1491:
1478:
1468:
1455:
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1350:p. 67.
1250:
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986:p. 377
869:
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626:
479:Stages
330:shadow
1191:S2CID
603:Notes
1502:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1248:PMID
1230:ISSN
1183:ISSN
867:ISBN
677:ISBN
649:ISBN
624:ISBN
457:Self
220:21)
192:Aims
161:and
88:and
1396:by
1238:PMC
1222:doi
1173:hdl
1165:doi
399:"I"
391:...
352:'.
318:bad
280:7:
196:In
34:'s
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1260:^
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691:^
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