450:
124:
1432:
522:
104:
579:
and
Onychodontiform fishes. He also noted that the presence of a rotational tooth whorl combined with the other characteristics in the skull, and possibly in the shoulder girdle, show that
419:. These fin spines are found only in primitive jawed fishes and are apparently absent from the most primitive sharks, but present in abundance in more derived forms.
425:
had teeth at the very front of the snout with large fangs on the tooth plate. Outstanding feature are the 'parasymphysical tooth whorls' which place the fish in the
541:
was described for the first time in 1998, it was placed in the group of sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fishes) because the skull and jaws resemble those of primitive
400:. Because the cosmine layer obscures the suture lines of the skull, it is difficult to study the exact bone structure. The snout was strangely humped and the
872:
1219:
994:
1507:
1290:
1240:
1230:
1494:
915:
1603:
888:
556:
There are some characteristics that bony fish do not have, such as the median spine located behind the head, which is known in
369:. The head was made of several thick dermal plates and covered with deep pock-marks and large pores. Another trait is a large
1548:
674:
Zhu, Min; Yu, Xiaobo; Janvier, Philippe (February 1999). "A primitive fossil fish sheds light on the origin of bony fishes".
1608:
589:
as the most basal member of the group of
Onychodontiforms. Moreover, Long, referring to new fossils collected from
575:
The same year Long re-examined the phylogenetic position of the fish and pointed out several similarities between
1262:
761:
1588:
1583:
1063:
1558:
1578:
1553:
553:
because they did not know if it was the most primitive lobed-finned fish or the most primitive bony fish.
513:
but the description of the fish was based on the materials from China because they were better preserved.
1573:
1568:
908:
846:
123:
449:
1598:
1389:
1593:
1525:
1447:
901:
1512:
663:
Major Events in Early
Vertebrate Evolution: Palaeontology, phylogeny, genetics and development
411:
The most spectacular findings were the fin spines. Two are known: one extending back from the
1563:
1520:
453:
Location of Qujing
Prefecture (yellow) within Yunnan province of China, where the fossils of
212:
715:, gen. et sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China".
1485:
1360:
724:
683:
633:
370:
189:
1431:
8:
1322:
1021:
470:
728:
687:
637:
624:
Ahlberg, Per Erik (February 1999). "Palaeontology: Something fishy in the family tree".
564:, and the pectoral spine extending back from the shoulder girdle which is found in some
501:
were collected in 1981 and 1984 by paleontologist Min Zhu and colleagues and dated from
365:
had a pair of 'parasymphysical tooth whorls', teeth which extend up at the front of the
833:
765:
699:
649:
466:
118:
568:
and acanthodians. Later, in 2001, Zhu and
Schultze gave more basis to the theory that
594:
533:
as basal lobe-finned and the green arrow locates the fish as the basalmost bony fish.
297:
769:
757:
736:
732:
703:
691:
653:
641:
335:
246:
1378:
1038:
880:
485:. With this discovery other prehistoric lobe-finned fishes came to light such as
474:
426:
412:
374:
351:
339:
331:
1251:
1052:
605:
are both basal bony fish and are more primitive than other lobe-finned groups.
590:
502:
320:
1542:
1470:
1274:
1138:
1127:
963:
924:
482:
430:
301:
61:
661:
Ahlberg, Per Erik, ed. (2001). "Interrelationships of basal osteichthyans".
1300:
1080:
561:
343:
308:
165:
509:
periods. Other fossils, also dated from Late
Silurian, have been found in
1479:
1349:
1340:
1159:
1107:
487:
381:
located in front of a median fin behind the head, which gives the fish a
36:
1499:
1328:
1311:
1179:
1169:
1148:
984:
948:
565:
493:
434:
416:
378:
305:
81:
46:
1199:
1189:
1117:
1009:
889:
Early
Evolution of Osteichthyans and Phylogenetic Origin of Tetrapods
666:
585:
550:
405:
393:
366:
323:
293:
185:
135:
86:
1441:
1464:
1395:
1366:
1097:
942:
542:
521:
506:
401:
155:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
695:
645:
510:
438:
397:
91:
66:
893:
103:
936:
557:
478:
441:
had large inner teeth and irregular array of tiny outer teeth.
145:
673:
477:, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the city of
382:
373:, just in front of the pectoral fin, extending back from the
316:
289:
762:
10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0815:OTROPA]2.0.CO;2
261:
330:
belongs, but paleontologists agree that it probably is a
273:
267:
252:
744:
Long, John A. (December 2001). "On the relationships of
711:
Yu, Xiaobo (June 1998). "A new porolepiform-like fish,
404:
were located above the eyes, which were just above the
334:
genus and seems to be close to the common ancestor of
288:, from Greek ψαρός 'speckled' and λεπίς 'scale') is a
276:
249:
1296:
1286:
1236:
1226:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1155:
1144:
1134:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1005:
990:
980:
270:
264:
258:
255:
326:in 1998. It is not known certainly in which group
525:Fish relationships and the ambiguous position of
1540:
828:Ahlberg, Per Erik, ed. (2001). pp. 289–314.
1051:
909:
516:
961:
465:were discovered at the same locality of the
545:. In 1999 Zhu et al. were unable to locate
916:
902:
881:Searching for the Ancestor of Bony Fishes
102:
805:
803:
415:and another which is associated with the
392:was made of plates containing a layer of
354:fishes and refer to their relationships.
789:
787:
520:
448:
827:
660:
623:
1541:
812:
800:
614:
583:is better placed as a sister taxon to
1446:
1445:
897:
784:
743:
13:
750:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
717:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
710:
14:
1620:
923:
866:
748:and the onychodontiform fishes".
1430:
572:was probably a basal bony fish.
315:have been found mainly in South
245:
122:
34:
853:
821:
737:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011055
357:
296:which lived around 397 to 418
1:
1604:Fossil taxa described in 1998
608:
1549:Prehistoric bony fish genera
444:
7:
10:
1625:
517:History and classification
342:. In 2001, paleontologist
1454:
1428:
1377:
1348:
1339:
1310:
1282:
1273:
1250:
1089:
1078:
1047:
1036:
1004:
976:
972:
957:
931:
218:
211:
119:Scientific classification
117:
110:
101:
23:
795:Vertebrate Palaeontology
777:
617:Vertebrate Palaeontology
388:The pock-marked head of
1609:Taxa named by Xiaobo Yu
809:Zhu; Yu; Janvier, 1999.
619:. Blackwell Publishing.
461:Most of the fossils of
16:Extinct genus of fishes
793:Benton, M. J. (2005):
615:Benton, M. J. (2005).
534:
529:. The red arrow shows
458:
1589:Silurian fish of Asia
1584:Devonian fish of Asia
1521:Paleobiology Database
524:
452:
1559:Transitional fossils
1579:Early Devonian fish
1554:Enigmatic fish taxa
729:1998JVPal..18..261Y
688:1999Natur.397..607Z
638:1999Natur.397..564A
1574:Devonian bony fish
1569:Silurian bony fish
535:
459:
32:Pridoli–Lochkovian
1536:
1535:
1448:Taxon identifiers
1439:
1438:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1074:
1073:
1032:
1031:
841:Missing or empty
713:Psarolepis romeri
682:(6720): 607–610.
632:(6720): 564–565.
595:Western Australia
497:. The remains of
340:ray-finned fishes
319:and described by
298:million years ago
236:
235:
225:Psarolepis romeri
192:
112:Psarolepis romeri
1616:
1599:Fossils of China
1529:
1528:
1516:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1346:
1345:
1298:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1238:
1228:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1146:
1136:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1007:
992:
982:
974:
973:
970:
969:
959:
958:
918:
911:
904:
895:
894:
884:
860:
857:
851:
850:
844:
839:
837:
829:
825:
819:
816:
810:
807:
798:
791:
773:
740:
707:
670:
657:
620:
475:Xitun Formations
457:were discovered.
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
227:
223:
184:
177:
127:
126:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1511:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1402:
1390:Tetrapodomorpha
1379:Tetrapodomorpha
1373:
1335:
1306:
1269:
1246:
1083:
1070:
1041:
1039:Eugnathostomata
1028:
1000:
966:
953:
927:
922:
882:
869:
864:
863:
858:
854:
842:
840:
831:
830:
826:
822:
817:
813:
808:
801:
792:
785:
780:
611:
519:
447:
413:shoulder girdle
375:shoulder girdle
360:
352:onychodontiform
248:
244:
232:
229:
221:
220:
207:
183:
175:
121:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1622:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:Silurian China
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1517:
1504:
1491:
1476:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1263:Actinopterygii
1256:
1254:
1252:Actinopterygii
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1224:
1220:Ramirosuarezia
1213:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1142:
1132:
1121:
1111:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1064:Chondrichthyes
1057:
1055:
1053:Chondrichthyes
1042:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
995:Ramirosuarezia
988:
977:
967:
962:
955:
954:
952:
951:
945:
939:
932:
929:
928:
921:
920:
913:
906:
898:
892:
891:
886:
878:
868:
867:External links
865:
862:
861:
852:
820:
818:Ahlberg, 1999.
811:
799:
782:
781:
779:
776:
775:
774:
756:(4): 815–820.
741:
723:(2): 261–274.
708:
671:
658:
621:
610:
607:
591:Gogo Formation
518:
515:
503:Early Devonian
446:
443:
371:pectoral spine
359:
356:
321:paleontologist
311:). Fossils of
234:
233:
230:
216:
215:
209:
208:
204:P. romeri
200:
198:
194:
193:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1621:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1433:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:Sarcopterygii
1272:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:Entelognathus
1122:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1003:
997:
996:
989:
987:
986:
979:
978:
975:
971:
968:
965:
964:Gnathostomata
960:
956:
950:
946:
944:
940:
938:
934:
933:
930:
926:
925:Gnathostomata
919:
914:
912:
907:
905:
900:
899:
896:
890:
887:
885:
879:
877:
875:
871:
870:
856:
848:
835:
824:
815:
806:
804:
796:
790:
788:
783:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:10.1038/17594
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:10.1038/17484
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
612:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
528:
523:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:
490:
489:
484:
483:Yunnan, China
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
456:
451:
442:
440:
436:
432:
431:Onychodontida
428:
424:
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
281:
242:
241:
228:
226:
217:
214:
213:Binomial name
210:
206:
205:
199:
196:
195:
191:
187:
182:
181:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1564:Pridoli life
1455:
1301:Styloichthys
1299:
1289:
1239:
1229:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1147:
1137:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1081:Osteichthyes
993:
983:
883:(in Chinese)
873:
855:
843:|title=
823:
814:
794:
753:
749:
745:
720:
716:
712:
679:
675:
662:
629:
625:
616:
602:
598:
597:, said that
584:
580:
576:
574:
569:
562:acanthodians
555:
546:
538:
536:
530:
526:
498:
492:
486:
462:
460:
454:
422:
421:
410:
389:
387:
385:-like form.
379:dorsal spine
362:
361:
347:
344:John A. Long
327:
312:
285:
239:
238:
237:
224:
219:
203:
202:
179:
178:
166:Osteichthyes
162:Superclass:
111:
24:
18:
1480:Wikispecies
1361:Dipnomorpha
1350:Dipnomorpha
1341:Rhipidistia
1329:coelacanths
1291:Ptyctolepis
1241:Terenolepis
1160:Ligulalepis
1108:Andreolepis
947:Subphylum:
859:Long, 2001.
488:Youngolepis
358:Description
336:lobe-finned
292:of extinct
1543:Categories
1486:Psarolepis
1456:Psarolepis
1323:Actinistia
1312:Actinistia
1231:Sparalepis
1210:Psarolepis
1180:Megamastax
1170:Lophosteus
1149:Janusiscus
1022:Placodermi
1010:Placodermi
985:Janusiscus
949:Vertebrata
876:at Palaeos
874:Psarolepis
797:, page 65.
746:Psarolepis
609:References
599:Psarolepis
581:Psarolepis
577:Psarolepis
570:Psarolepis
566:placoderms
547:Psarolepis
543:lungfishes
539:Psarolepis
531:Psarolepis
527:Psarolepis
499:Psarolepis
494:Diabolepis
463:Psarolepis
455:Psarolepis
435:premaxilla
423:Psarolepis
417:dorsal fin
390:Psarolepis
363:Psarolepis
348:Psarolepis
328:Psarolepis
313:Psarolepis
306:Lochkovian
286:psārolepis
240:Psarolepis
180:Psarolepis
25:Psarolepis
1396:tetrapods
1394:includes
1365:includes
1327:includes
1200:Orvikuina
1190:Naxilepis
1118:Dialipina
935:Kingdom:
834:cite book
667:CRC Press
603:Onychodus
586:Onychodus
551:cladogram
505:and Late
471:Xishancun
445:Discovery
406:upper jaw
394:porcelain
367:lower jaw
346:compared
324:Xiaobo Yu
294:bony fish
197:Species:
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
1465:Wikidata
1367:lungfish
1098:Achoania
943:Chordata
941:Phylum:
937:Animalia
770:86232770
507:Silurian
467:Yulongsi
437:and the
402:nostrils
377:, and a
231:Yu, 1998
156:Chordata
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
1513:1373450
1500:4839471
1471:Q291624
725:Bibcode
704:4429109
684:Bibcode
654:4312306
634:Bibcode
549:in the
511:Vietnam
439:dentary
398:cosmine
302:Pridoli
222:†
201:†
172:Genus:
1526:218781
768:
702:
676:Nature
652:
626:Nature
558:sharks
479:Qujing
433:. The
396:-like
309:stages
1508:IRMNG
1139:Guiyu
778:Notes
766:S2CID
700:S2CID
650:S2CID
537:When
427:order
383:shark
350:with
332:basal
317:China
290:genus
1495:GBIF
1388:see
1359:see
1321:see
1261:see
1062:see
1020:see
847:help
601:and
560:and
491:and
473:and
338:and
190:1998
37:PreꞒ
758:doi
733:doi
692:doi
680:397
642:doi
630:397
429:of
304:to
1545::
1523::
1510::
1497::
1482::
1467::
838::
836:}}
832:{{
802:^
786:^
764:.
754:21
752:.
731:.
721:18
719:.
698:.
690:.
678:.
665:.
648:.
640:.
628:.
593:,
481:,
469:,
408:.
284:;
188:,
186:Yu
87:Pg
1297:†
1287:†
1237:†
1227:†
1223:?
1216:†
1206:†
1196:†
1186:†
1176:†
1166:†
1156:†
1152:?
1145:†
1135:†
1131:?
1124:†
1114:†
1104:†
1094:†
1012:"
1008:"
1006:†
991:†
981:†
917:e
910:t
903:v
849:)
845:(
772:.
760::
739:.
735::
727::
706:.
694::
686::
669:.
656:.
644::
636::
300:(
280:/
277:s
274:ɪ
271:p
268:ɪ
265:l
262:ɒ
259:r
256:ˈ
253:æ
250:s
247:/
243:(
176:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
