47:
971:
916:
1257:
96:
959:
270:
944:
71:
1375:
932:
818: in) in diameter, black with a purple-blue waxy bloom, ripening in autumn and traditionally harvested – at least in the UK – in October or November, after the first frosts. Sloes are thin-fleshed, with a very strongly
2199:
In former times people waited to pick the sloes until the first frost which makes the skins more permeable ... which makes one of the best sloe gins, recommends freezing the fruit first.
1599:
that burns slowly with a good heat and little smoke. The wood takes a fine polish and is used for tool handles and canes. Straight blackthorn stems have traditionally been made into
1153:
2045:
2497:
3157:
3345:
970:
3242:
1409:
for eating, unless it is picked after the first few days of autumn frost. This effect can be reproduced by freezing harvested sloes.
3033:
1587:
along the
Austrian-Italian border in 1991: a sloe was found near the remains; evidently the man intended to eat it before he died.
1386:
The shrub, with its long, sharp thorns, is traditionally used in
Britain and other parts of northern Europe to make a cattle-proof
3095:
3046:
915:
825:
Blackthorn usually grows as a bush but can grow to become a tree to a height of 6 m. Its branches usually grow forming a tangle.
3180:
2537:
1330:
2590:
2476:
2398:
2371:
2344:
2012:
1575:
have been found in Swiss lake dwellings. Early human use of sloes as food is evidenced in the case of a 5,300-year-old human
1014:" is due to the thorny nature of the shrub, and possibly its very dark bark: it has a much darker bark than the white-thorn (
3385:
3100:
782: in) in diameter, with five creamy-white petals; they are produced shortly before the leaves in early spring, and are
2994:
3375:
2785:
2762:
2739:
2682:
2619:
2276:
It appears that the cheaper kinds of so-called port consumed in this country are largely adulterated with sloe-juice.
1984:
1867:
2911:
46:
3309:
3162:
1908:
3082:
687:
95:
3304:
3185:
2222:
3260:
1228:
3144:
3350:
3025:
3012:
1089:
943:
3268:
2934:
2929:
2893:
1616:
20:
3255:
3051:
1164:
2145:
3370:
3172:
2642:
2508:
2444:
2123:
1807:
958:
869:, more than twice as long as broad; and in autumn by the colour of the fruit skin purplish black in
861:. They can be distinguished in winter by the shrubbier habit with stiffer, wider-angled branches of
3365:
3360:
2874:
1353:
1241:
1240:
The species is native to Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa. It is also locally
931:
837:(cherry plum), particularly in early spring when the latter starts flowering somewhat earlier than
652:
651:. The species is native to Europe, western Asia, and regionally in northwest Africa. It is locally
3136:
1194:
3020:
2960:
2777:
2674:
2647:
2580:
2265:
2128:
2079:. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. pp. 103–112, esp. 105 – via Google Books.
2068:
1620:
3247:
1713:
The flowering of the blackthorn may have been associated with the ancient Celtic celebration of
3007:
2836:
2607:
2292:
2250:
2098:
1521:
1347:
2388:
2072:
1565:. The juice of the fruits dyes linen a reddish colour that washes out to a durable pale blue.
2655:
2504:
1177:
981:
720:
growing to 5 metres (16 feet) tall, with blackish bark and dense, stiff, spiny branches. The
244:
3211:
3113:
3074:
2804:
2334:
1924:
1221:
922:
3380:
2968:
1278:
1212:
2216:
8:
2809:
2731:
2526:
1159:
217:
201:
60:
1406:
1010:
3317:
2211:
1976:
1703:
1334:
1326:
1298:
1147:
282:
90:
2698:
1784:
1698:
1615:). In the British Army, blackthorn sticks are carried by commissioned officers of the
1056:
1048:
3206:
2942:
2781:
2758:
2735:
2678:
2636:
2615:
2586:
2419:
2394:
2367:
2340:
2008:
1980:
1904:
1863:
1612:
1362:
1208:
1073:
833:
695:
664:
2244:
1946:
3322:
3234:
2947:
2040:
1829:
1802:
1721:
1717:, traditionally celebrated on February 1 in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man.
1643:
1557:
1412:
Since the plant is hardy, and grows in a wide range of conditions, it is used as a
1342:
1338:
1256:
1216:
1204:
1200:
903:
3390:
2898:
2885:
1528:
and other central
European countries. It is also sometimes used in the brewing of
1186:
1138:
1119:
3355:
3273:
3193:
3123:
2576:
2361:
2317:
2190:
1545:
1449:
1314:
1282:
1181:
1133:
1067:
1062:
1043:
1015:
644:
133:
3296:
3149:
2425:
2269:
1033:
999:
3229:
1686:
1432:
to impart roughness to genuine port, into the 20th century. In rural
Britain a
1358:
1310:
1290:
1262:
1111:
783:
120:
1584:
1487:
is made from the young shoots in spring rather than from fruits in autumn. In
3339:
3108:
2999:
2859:
2818:
2754:
1793:
1760:
1702:" for a person with dark eyes comes from the fruit, and is first attested in
1663:
1657:
1604:
1600:
1491:, the infusion of spirit with the fruits and sugar produces a liqueur called
1294:
1286:
1127:
691:
672:
260:
80:
75:
3221:
1402:
1023:
3286:
1670:
1647:
1095:
1084:
2472:
1100:
3131:
3059:
2921:
2868:
2390:
Gather Cook Feast: Recipes from land and water by the co-founder of Toast
2007:(4th ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C. & M. Floristics.
2000:
1322:
1302:
1274:
1028:
668:
656:
3198:
1467:
3038:
1568:
The leaves resemble tea leaves, and were used as an adulterant of tea.
1503:
1493:
1429:
1318:
1106:
1005:
950:
884:
819:
269:
2197:. Vol. 166. pp. 140–142, esp. 142 – via Google Books.
1374:
3064:
2981:
2772:
Weinberger, J.H. (1975). "Plums". In Janick, J.; Moore, J.N. (eds.).
2575:
1857:
1635:
1596:
1517:
1425:
1416:
for many other species of plum, as well as some other fruit species.
1413:
1306:
710:
2830:
3281:
2853:
2418:
1572:
1561:
1453:
1437:
1245:
977:
899:
683:
679:
660:
648:
179:
146:
27:
3087:
2986:
2955:
2215:
1608:
1553:
1549:
1533:
1525:
1460:
1433:
1357:. Dead blackthorn wood provides food for the caterpillars of the
1039:
169:
2243:
1580:
2973:
2906:
2562:
1714:
1639:
1529:
1509:
1394:
850:
787:
769:
721:
189:
159:
2671:
The Book of the Year: A brief history of our seasonal holidays
2424:
2363:
Glossaire des dialectes marchois et haut limousin de la Creuse
2021:
1631:
1576:
1488:
1445:
1387:
1270:
795:
791:
713:
107:
841:. They can be distinguished by flower colour, pure white in
2445:"Mummy melodrama: Top 9 secrets about Ötzi the Iceman"
2097:
Whitney, William Dwight; Smith, Benjamin Eli, eds. (1906).
1776:
1398:
1379:
717:
2172:
2170:
1508:
is distilled from fermented sloes in regions such as the
1441:
2336:
Bon appétit, commissaire
Maigret, ou Maigret et la table
2319:
Alsace: produits du terroir et recettes traditionnelles
2167:
1077:
2531:
or the rediscovery of a living Irish martial tradition
1619:; this is a tradition also in Irish regiments in some
16:
Species of flowering plant in the rose family
Rosaceae
1693:
has been used to denote something of trifling value.
1260:
Pocket plum gall on blackthorn, caused by the fungus
1004:
is a Latin term indicating the pointed and thornlike
1782:
2634:
2258:
1837:
The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant
Species
2635:
2041:"Schlehen entkernen – ein Ding der Unmöglichkeit?"
1858:Clapham, A.C.; Tutin, T.G.; Warburg, E.F. (1968).
1662:) was used as an ingredient in the making of some
1146:The names related to 'sloe' come from the common
1008:characteristic of this species. The common name "
865:; in summer by the relatively narrower leaves of
19:"Blackthorn" redirects here. For other uses, see
3337:
902:, the pit of the sloe contains trace amounts of
26:"Prunelle" redirects here. For the liqueur, see
2210:
2120:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2043:[Pitting sloes: An impossible thing?].
1971:Vedel, H.; Lange, J. (1960). "Prunus spinosa".
1964:
1808:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T172194A19400568.en
1473:is made with sloes. In France a liqueur called
1162:, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Ukrainian and Russian
2614:. University of Michigan Press. p. 1063.
2322:. Albin Michel. 1998 – via Google Books.
2286:
2284:
1898:
1448:can also be infused with sloes. Similarly, in
1862:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1552:, and used in fruit pies. Sloes preserved in
1516:is an infusion of early shoots of blackthorn
1452:, they make a blackthorn liqueur by infusing
1424:The juice is used in the manufacture of fake
768: in) broad, with a serrated margin. The
2096:
2083:
1725:
1655:
1474:
1465:
2281:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1235:
2771:
2442:
2214:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
2027:
1970:
1939:
268:
69:
45:
2748:
2524:
2518:
1887:
1806:
1876:
1373:
1255:
831:is frequently confused with the related
2599:
2461:(to locate, click ahead to part 7)
2412:
2410:
2310:
2274:. p. 52 – via Google Books.
2237:
2235:
2233:
2140:
2138:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2105:. Vol. 7 – via Google Books.
1673:is mentioned in the 15th-century work,
1021:The word commonly used for the fruit, "
3338:
2386:
2380:
1331:lesser broad-bordered yellow underwing
1269:The foliage is sometimes eaten by the
1191:; plum of any species, including sloe
1072:. Other cognate forms are Frisian and
2835:
2834:
2725:
2668:
2605:
2582:The Treatyse of Fishing with an Angle
2577:Berners, Dame Juliana (attributed to)
2416:
2359:
2353:
2332:
2326:
2290:
2271:Good English Food, Local and Regional
2264:
2241:
2226:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
2188:
2182:
2176:
2103:The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
2067:
2061:
1999:
1973:Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow
1675:The Treatyse of Fishing with an Angle
1401:, suitable for preserves, but rather
3310:0cc5b350-e6de-457f-8e4d-3b4e6d1321d3
3173:3e955a8a-77ae-463f-8260-5cccfa0b7b35
2656:participating institution membership
2407:
2230:
2135:
2109:
1993:
1860:Excursion Flora of the British Isles
1720:The name of the dark-coloured cloth
3346:IUCN Red List least concern species
2726:Coats, Alice M. (1992) . "Prunus".
2543:from the original on 1 January 2012
1794:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1746:Historically spoken in Lower Saxony
1520:with sugar in wine. Wine made from
13:
2477:Museo Archeologico dell'Alto Adige
2436:
1463:, Spain, a popular liqueur called
14:
3402:
2796:
2728:Garden Shrubs and Their Histories
2242:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
1724:was derived from the French word
1524:sloes is made in Britain, and in
1456:with the fruit and adding sugar.
3261:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730297-1
2711:– via merriam-webster.com.
2432:. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
2427:The New Student's Reference Work
2417:Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914).
1901:Larousse Easy Way Guide to Trees
1393:The fruit is similar to a small
969:
957:
942:
930:
914:
748:inches) long and 1.2–2 cm (
94:
2718:
2691:
2662:
2628:
2569:
2555:
2490:
2465:
2204:
2033:
1783:Rhodes, L.; Maxted, N. (2016).
1759:is often partaken by Detective
1749:
1740:
1152:
937:Plant in flower in early spring
2606:Lewis, Robert E., ed. (1988).
2498:The Burning Properties of Wood
2443:Ghose, Tia (8 November 2012).
2223:New International Encyclopedia
2005:New Flora of the British Isles
1917:
1892:
1851:
1822:
1595:Blackthorn makes an excellent
1018:), to which it is contrasted.
701:
569:(Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus
557:(Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus
533:(Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus
521:(Clavaud) Rouy & E.G.Camus
1:
2049:(in German). 12 November 2018
1770:
724:are oval, 2–4.5 centimetres (
497:(Clavaud) Browicz & Ziel.
2155:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1669:A "sloe-thorn worm" used as
1544:Sloes can also be made into
991:
898:Like many other fruits with
678:The fruits are used to make
7:
3386:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2751:Trees of Britain and Europe
2393:. Penguin UK. p. 123.
2293:"Sloe gin and sloe chutney"
2077:The Forest Trees of Britain
1654:(which he refers to as the
1351:) and the case-bearer moth
1329:, lesser yellow underwing,
1248:and eastern North America.
690:. The wood is used to make
21:Blackthorn (disambiguation)
10:
3407:
2774:Advances in Fruit Breeding
2669:Aveni, Anthony F. (2004).
2525:Chouinard, Maxime (2007).
2189:Brown, Lynda (July 1994).
2153:Plants of the World Online
1680:
1646:, writes that the sap (or
1251:
25:
18:
2843:
2643:Oxford English Dictionary
2624:– via Google Books.
2612:Middle English Dictionary
2403:– via Google Books.
2376:– via Google Books.
2366:. G. Pasty. p. 155.
2349:– via Google Books.
2124:Oxford English Dictionary
1664:inks used for manuscripts
1419:
1227:
1163:
895:=32) set of chromosomes.
288:
281:
276:
267:
250:
243:
91:Scientific classification
89:
67:
58:
53:
44:
37:
3376:Plants described in 1753
2387:Seaton, Jessica (2017).
2069:Johns, Charles Alexander
1839:(ver. 1.1 ed.)
1733:
1556:are similar in taste to
1354:Coleophora anatipennella
1289:, white-pinion spotted,
1236:Distribution and habitat
949:Blackthorn shrub in the
794:, called a "sloe", is a
2778:Purdue University Press
2675:Oxford University Press
2648:Oxford University Press
2527:The stick is king: The
2360:Pasty, Gilbert (1999).
2333:Sacré, Jacques (2004).
2129:Oxford University Press
1899:Kilbracken, J. (1995).
1626:
1590:
1539:
1382:and sloe output in 2005
1369:
1199:—root present in other
1126:
1118:
1110:
1088:
1078:
1055:
1047:
1032:
772:are about 1.5 cm (
325:Prunus acacia-germanica
2776:. West Lafayette, IN:
2749:Rushforth, K. (1999).
2565:, Tractate Shabbat 23a
2507:. 1999. Archived from
2251:Encyclopedia Americana
1801:: e.T172194A19400568.
1757:eau de vie de prunelle
1726:
1697:
1656:
1475:
1466:
1444:with sloes and sugar.
1440:, is made by infusing
1383:
1348:Scythropia crataegella
1266:
1220:
1193:
1185:
1137:
1099:
1066:
1022:
1009:
998:
853:are bent backwards in
2585:. Waking Lion Press.
2505:The Scout Association
2291:Kerri (10 Oct 2010).
1583:), discovered in the
1377:
1259:
982:Husband and wife tree
873:and yellow or red in
356:(L.) Hook. & Arn.
333:Prunus amygdaliformis
2780:. pp. 336–347.
2732:Simon & Schuster
2339:. Céfal. p. 9.
1947:"Blackthorn flowers"
1617:Royal Irish Regiment
822:flavour when fresh.
594:Prunus subcylindrica
401:Prunus foecundissima
3351:Prunus sect. Prunus
2810:Plants for a Future
2646:(Online ed.).
2030:, pp. 336–347.
1933:PFAF Plant Database
1929:– Sloe, Blackthorn"
1642:commentator of the
964:Close-up of flowers
849:. In addition, the
798:10–12 millimetres (
647:in the rose family
545:Ficalho & Cout.
389:Prunus erythrocalyx
381:Prunus erythrocalyx
61:Conservation status
2579:(3 August 2006) .
2475:. The Copper Age.
2195:House & Garden
1384:
1335:double square-spot
1327:short-cloaked moth
1299:pale November moth
1267:
996:The specific name
923:Otto Wilhelm Thomé
875:P. cerasifera
855:P. cerasifera
847:P. cerasifera
845:, creamy white in
834:P. cerasifera
643:, is a species of
341:Prunus approximata
3333:
3332:
3207:Open Tree of Life
2837:Taxon identifiers
2654:(Subscription or
2592:978-1-60096-446-6
2473:"Ötzi the Iceman"
2400:978-0-241-29885-5
2373:978-2-9513615-0-8
2346:978-2-87130-148-6
2014:978-1-5272-2630-2
1428:, and used as an
1363:Esperia oliviella
1345:, hawthorn moth (
1090:slee, slie, sleeu
1074:Middle Low German
790:-pollinated. The
673:the United States
665:Pacific Northwest
628:
627:
618:
606:
602:Prunus subvillosa
598:
590:
582:
570:
558:
546:
534:
522:
510:
498:
486:
478:
465:
457:
449:
441:
433:
425:
413:
405:
397:
385:
377:
373:Prunus ericiflora
369:
357:
345:
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
277:Distribution map
84:
3398:
3371:Medicinal plants
3326:
3325:
3313:
3312:
3300:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3188:
3176:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3153:
3152:
3150:NBNSYS0000003412
3140:
3139:
3127:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3090:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3041:
3029:
3028:
3016:
3015:
3003:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2950:
2938:
2937:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2814:
2805:"Prunus spinosa"
2791:
2768:
2745:
2730:. New York, NY:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2573:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2535:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2127:(1st ed.).
2118:
2107:
2106:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2073:"The Blackthorn"
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2018:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1780:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1730:, meaning sloe.
1729:
1696:The expression "
1661:
1644:High Middle Ages
1478:
1471:
1343:brown hairstreak
1339:black hairstreak
1279:small eggar moth
1277:, including the
1231:
1201:Slavic languages
1167:
1081:
973:
961:
946:
934:
921:Illustration by
918:
904:hydrogen cyanide
817:
816:
812:
807:
806:
802:
781:
780:
776:
767:
766:
762:
757:
756:
752:
747:
746:
742:
739:
733:
732:
728:
696:Irish shillelagh
694:, including the
616:
610:Prunus vulgatior
604:
596:
588:
580:
568:
556:
544:
532:
520:
508:
496:
484:
476:
463:
461:Prunus oxypyrena
455:
453:Prunus moldavica
447:
439:
432:Fenzl ex Fritsch
431:
423:
417:Prunus insititia
411:
409:Prunus glomerata
403:
395:
383:
375:
367:
361:Prunus domestica
355:
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
301:Druparia spinosa
272:
256:
222:
206:
99:
98:
78:
73:
72:
49:
35:
34:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3366:Flora of Norway
3361:Flora of Europe
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3205:
3197:
3194:Observation.org
3192:
3184:
3179:
3171:
3169:
3161:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3121:MichiganFlora:
3120:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3094:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3037:
3032:
3024:
3019:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2993:
2985:
2980:
2972:
2967:
2959:
2954:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2928:
2920:
2918:
2910:
2905:
2897:
2892:
2884:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2839:
2829:
2817:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2765:
2742:
2721:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2703:Merriam-Webster
2697:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2529:Shillelagh Bata
2523:
2519:
2511:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2451:
2441:
2437:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2331:
2327:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2289:
2282:
2266:White, Florence
2263:
2259:
2240:
2231:
2209:
2205:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2119:
2110:
2095:
2084:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2028:Weinberger 1975
2026:
2022:
2015:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1870:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1683:
1629:
1593:
1542:
1450:Northern Greece
1422:
1372:
1315:feathered thorn
1254:
1238:
1044:Old High German
994:
989:
988:
987:
984:
974:
965:
962:
953:
947:
938:
935:
926:
919:
871:P. spinosa
867:P. spinosa
863:P. spinosa
859:P. spinosa
843:P. spinosa
839:P. spinosa
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
799:
778:
774:
773:
764:
760:
759:
754:
750:
749:
744:
740:
737:
735:
730:
726:
725:
704:
682:in Britain and
645:flowering plant
624:
621:
586:Prunus stepposa
469:Prunus podolica
349:Prunus communis
320:Crantz ex Poir.
294:
293:
263:
258:
252:
239:
236:P. spinosa
220:
204:
93:
85:
74:
70:
63:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:wfo-0001007437
3314:
3301:
3291:
3278:
3265:
3252:
3239:
3226:
3222:Prunus_spinosa
3216:
3203:
3190:
3177:
3167:
3154:
3141:
3128:
3118:
3105:
3092:
3079:
3069:
3056:
3043:
3030:
3017:
3004:
2991:
2978:
2965:
2952:
2939:
2926:
2916:
2912:prunus-spinosa
2903:
2890:
2880:
2875:Prunus spinosa
2865:
2849:
2847:
2845:Prunus spinosa
2841:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2819:"Sloe recipes"
2815:
2800:
2798:
2797:External links
2795:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2769:
2763:
2746:
2740:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2690:
2683:
2677:. p. 38.
2661:
2627:
2620:
2598:
2591:
2568:
2554:
2517:
2514:on 2012-12-23.
2489:
2464:
2435:
2406:
2399:
2379:
2372:
2352:
2345:
2325:
2309:
2280:
2257:
2229:
2203:
2181:
2166:
2148:Prunus spinosa
2134:
2108:
2082:
2060:
2046:Garten Journal
2032:
2020:
2013:
1992:
1985:
1975:. London, UK:
1963:
1938:
1927:Prunus spinosa
1916:
1909:
1891:
1888:Rushforth 1999
1875:
1868:
1850:
1832:Prunus spinosa
1821:
1787:Prunus spinosa
1774:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1706:'s 1867 novel
1687:Middle English
1682:
1679:
1628:
1625:
1601:walking sticks
1592:
1589:
1541:
1538:
1501:). In France,
1497:(or sometimes
1485:troussepinette
1421:
1418:
1371:
1368:
1359:concealer moth
1311:brimstone moth
1291:common emerald
1263:Taphrina pruni
1253:
1250:
1237:
1234:
1027:", comes from
993:
990:
986:
985:
975:
968:
966:
963:
956:
954:
948:
941:
939:
936:
929:
927:
920:
913:
910:
909:
908:
881:Prunus spinosa
829:Prunus spinosa
784:hermaphroditic
707:Prunus spinosa
703:
700:
692:walking sticks
688:Basque Country
632:Prunus spinosa
626:
625:
623:
622:
620:
619:
607:
599:
591:
583:
574:Prunus spinosa
571:
562:Prunus spinosa
559:
550:Prunus spinosa
547:
538:Prunus spinosa
535:
526:Prunus spinosa
523:
514:Prunus spinosa
511:
502:Prunus spinosa
499:
490:Prunus spinosa
487:
482:Prunus rubella
479:
474:Prunus praecox
471:
466:
458:
450:
442:
434:
429:Prunus kurdica
426:
414:
406:
398:
386:
378:
370:
358:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
297:
291:
290:
289:
286:
285:
279:
278:
274:
273:
265:
264:
259:
254:Prunus spinosa
248:
247:
241:
240:
233:
231:
227:
226:
215:
211:
210:
199:
195:
194:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
150:
149:
144:
137:
136:
131:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
87:
86:
68:
65:
64:
59:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
39:Prunus spinosa
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3403:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2789:
2787:0-911198-36-9
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2764:0-00-220013-9
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2741:0-671-74733-9
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2686:
2684:0-19-517154-3
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2621:0-472-01198-7
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2539:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2213:
2212:Gilman, D. C.
2207:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2191:"Damson time"
2185:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1986:0-413-30160-5
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1952:
1951:Tree Guide UK
1948:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1869:0-521-04656-4
1865:
1861:
1854:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:November moth
1292:
1288:
1287:willow beauty
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:śliwa tarnina
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1061:, and Modern
1060:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1001:
983:
979:
972:
967:
960:
955:
952:
945:
940:
933:
928:
924:
917:
912:
911:
907:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:, but not in
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:
830:
826:
823:
821:
797:
793:
789:
785:
771:
723:
719:
715:
712:
708:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:
615:
611:
608:
603:
600:
595:
592:
587:
584:
579:
575:
572:
567:
563:
560:
555:
551:
548:
543:
539:
536:
531:
527:
524:
519:
515:
512:
507:
503:
500:
495:
491:
488:
483:
480:
475:
472:
470:
467:
462:
459:
454:
451:
446:
445:Prunus lucida
443:
438:
437:Prunus lucens
435:
430:
427:
422:
418:
415:
410:
407:
402:
399:
394:
390:
387:
382:
379:
374:
371:
366:
362:
359:
354:
350:
347:
342:
339:
334:
331:
326:
323:
318:
317:Prunus acacia
315:
310:
309:Prunus acacia
307:
302:
299:
298:
296:
295:
287:
284:
280:
275:
271:
266:
262:
257:
255:
249:
246:
245:Binomial name
242:
238:
237:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:Tracheophytes
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
97:
92:
88:
82:
77:
76:Least Concern
66:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
33:
29:
22:
2844:
2822:
2808:
2773:
2750:
2727:
2719:Bibliography
2706:. Retrieved
2702:
2693:
2670:
2664:
2641:
2630:
2611:
2601:
2581:
2571:
2563:Talmud Bavli
2561:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2528:
2520:
2509:the original
2492:
2481:. Retrieved
2467:
2452:. Retrieved
2448:
2438:
2426:
2420:"Sloe"
2389:
2382:
2362:
2355:
2335:
2328:
2318:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2297:Dinner Diary
2296:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2249:
2245:"Sloe"
2221:
2217:"Sloe"
2206:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2157:. Retrieved
2152:
2147:
2122:
2102:
2076:
2063:
2053:November 17,
2051:. Retrieved
2044:
2035:
2023:
2004:
1995:
1972:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:
1941:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1910:0-7523-0027X
1903:. Larousse.
1900:
1894:
1859:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1831:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1798:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1756:
1751:
1742:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1704:A. J. Wilson
1695:
1690:
1684:
1674:
1671:fishing bait
1668:
1651:
1630:
1621:Commonwealth
1594:
1579:(nick-named
1573:fruit stones
1570:
1567:
1560:
1543:
1513:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1464:
1458:
1423:
1411:
1392:
1385:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1283:emperor moth
1268:
1261:
1239:
1219:
1192:
1184:
1173:
1169:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1098:
1096:Modern Dutch
1087:
1085:Middle Dutch
1076:
1065:
1054:
1046:
1031:
1020:
997:
995:
976:(Presumably
897:
892:
888:
880:
879:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
846:
842:
838:
832:
828:
827:
824:
706:
705:
677:
640:
636:
631:
630:
629:
613:
609:
601:
593:
585:
577:
573:
565:
561:
553:
549:
541:
537:
529:
525:
518:erythrocalyx
517:
513:
505:
501:
494:erythrocalyx
493:
489:
481:
473:
468:
460:
452:
444:
436:
428:
420:
416:
408:
400:
392:
388:
380:
372:
364:
360:
352:
348:
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
253:
251:
235:
234:
218:
202:
190:
153:
140:
127:
114:
38:
32:
3381:Fruit trees
3132:NatureServe
3060:iNaturalist
2869:Wikispecies
2637:"sloe-eyed"
2547:17 November
2454:10 November
2449:LiveScience
2001:Stace, C.A.
1814:19 November
1755:In fiction
1623:countries.
1585:Ötztal Alps
1514:vin d'épine
1506:de prunelle
1323:yellow-tail
1303:mottled pug
1275:Lepidoptera
1242:naturalized
1213:Montenegrin
1178:West Slavic
1029:Old English
1006:spur shoots
709:is a large
702:Description
671:regions of
669:New England
657:New Zealand
653:naturalized
614:stenopetala
566:stenopetala
424:(L.) Weston
368:(L.) Kuntze
134:Angiosperms
3340:Categories
3230:Plant List
2823:Cookipedia
2708:2021-05-22
2699:"prunella"
2658:required.)
2536:(Report).
2503:(Report).
2483:2019-07-19
2177:Coats 1992
1956:9 February
1843:27 January
1771:References
1658:prunellier
1652:P. spinosa
1613:shillelagh
1607:(known in
1504:eau de vie
1494:bargnolino
1430:adulterant
1407:astringent
1319:brown-tail
1160:Old Slavic
1158:. Compare
1107:Low German
1105:; Modern
1011:blackthorn
951:Vogelsberg
885:tetraploid
820:astringent
663:, and the
637:blackthorn
578:subcinerea
198:Subgenus:
3026:200011162
3013:200011162
2302:31 August
2179:, Prunus.
1699:sloe-eyed
1636:Talmudist
1597:fire wood
1522:fermented
1518:macerated
1426:port wine
1414:rootstock
1307:green pug
992:Etymology
716:or small
711:deciduous
635:, called
542:pubescens
530:oxypyrena
506:balearica
344:Giraudias
230:Species:
214:Section:
104:Kingdom:
3305:VicFlora
3294:VASCAN:
3287:27800136
3282:Tropicos
3219:PalDat:
3137:2.161267
3088:730297-1
2919:BioLib:
2854:Wikidata
2538:Archived
2268:(1952).
2159:21 March
2121:"sloe".
2071:(1882).
2003:(2019).
1727:prunelle
1722:prunella
1562:umeboshi
1558:Japanese
1532:beer in
1499:prunella
1481:épinette
1468:pacharán
1454:tsipouro
1438:sloe gin
1246:Tasmania
1209:Croatian
1148:Germanic
1016:hawthorn
684:patxaran
680:sloe gin
661:Tasmania
649:Rosaceae
283:Synonyms
180:Rosaceae
176:Family:
147:Eudicots
81:IUCN 3.1
28:Sloe gin
3039:3023221
2956:Ecocrop
2860:Q129018
2755:Collins
2131:. 1933.
1977:Methuen
1761:Maigret
1681:Culture
1609:Ireland
1554:vinegar
1550:chutney
1534:Belgium
1526:Germany
1461:Navarre
1434:liqueur
1378:Global
1252:Ecology
1217:Serbian
1205:Bosnian
1203:, e.g.
1172:, Ukr.
1154:slaihwō
1068:Schlehe
1040:cognate
1000:spinosa
978:grafted
813:⁄
803:⁄
777:⁄
770:flowers
763:⁄
753:⁄
743:⁄
729:⁄
605:Debeaux
554:rubella
477:Salisb.
421:spinosa
393:rubella
365:spinosa
353:spinosa
304:Clairv.
219:Prunus
203:Prunus
186:Genus:
170:Rosales
166:Order:
108:Plantae
79: (
3356:Prunus
3243:PLANTS
3235:rjp-43
3212:470244
3170:NZOR:
3163:114937
3114:172194
3000:179316
2974:632461
2935:254436
2907:ARKive
2899:112811
2886:152768
2883:APDB:
2784:
2761:
2738:
2681:
2618:
2589:
2479:. 2016
2429:
2397:
2370:
2343:
2099:"sloe"
2011:
1983:
1907:
1866:
1715:Imbolc
1708:Vashti
1640:Tanakh
1530:lambic
1510:Alsace
1420:Flavor
1395:damson
1271:larvae
1222:šljiva
1182:Polish
1134:Danish
1063:German
925:(1885)
883:has a
851:sepals
788:insect
786:, and
722:leaves
509:Willk.
412:A.Sav.
376:A.Sav.
328:Crantz
312:Crantz
223:Prunus
207:Prunus
191:Prunus
160:Rosids
54:Fruit
3274:14041
3181:NZPCN
3101:24802
3075:14122
3072:IPA:
3065:55811
3052:30116
2995:EUNIS
2987:PRNSN
2948:4N98J
2922:39513
2652:
2608:"slō"
2541:(PDF)
2534:(PDF)
2512:(PDF)
2501:(PDF)
1734:Notes
1650:) of
1632:Rashi
1611:as a
1605:clubs
1577:mummy
1489:Italy
1476:épine
1446:Vodka
1388:hedge
1229:шљива
1187:śliwa
1174:slyva
1170:sliva
1165:слива
1150:root
1139:slåen
1057:slēwa
1049:slēha
1042:with
796:drupe
792:fruit
714:shrub
617:Clav.
612:var.
589:Kotov
581:Cout.
576:var.
564:var.
552:var.
540:var.
528:var.
516:var.
504:var.
485:Clav.
464:Clav.
456:Kotov
448:Clav.
419:var.
404:Clav.
396:Clav.
391:var.
384:Clav.
363:var.
351:var.
221:sect.
205:subg.
154:Clade
141:Clade
128:Clade
115:Clade
3391:Ötzi
3297:8877
3256:POWO
3248:PRSP
3199:7270
3186:4796
3158:NCBI
3124:2528
3109:IUCN
3096:ITIS
3083:IPNI
3047:GRIN
3034:GBIF
2982:EPPO
2961:8995
2930:BOLD
2894:APNI
2782:ISBN
2759:ISBN
2736:ISBN
2679:ISBN
2616:ISBN
2587:ISBN
2549:2022
2456:2012
2395:ISBN
2368:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2304:2017
2161:2023
2055:2021
2009:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1958:2022
1905:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1845:2014
1816:2021
1799:2016
1638:and
1634:, a
1627:Inks
1591:Wood
1581:Ötzi
1571:The
1540:Food
1512:and
1405:and
1403:tart
1399:plum
1380:plum
1370:Uses
1215:and
1112:slee
1101:slee
1034:slāh
1024:sloe
900:pits
718:tree
667:and
641:sloe
597:Sav.
440:Sav.
292:List
3318:WFO
3269:RHS
3145:NBN
3021:FoC
3008:FNA
2969:EoL
2943:CoL
2150:L."
1834:L."
1803:doi
1691:slō
1685:In
1648:gum
1603:or
1546:jam
1483:or
1479:or
1459:In
1442:gin
1397:or
1273:of
1244:in
1176:),
1128:slī
1120:slē
1079:slē
686:in
655:in
639:or
492:f.
336:Pau
3342::
3320::
3307::
3284::
3271::
3258::
3245::
3232::
3209::
3196::
3183::
3160::
3147::
3134::
3111::
3098::
3085::
3062::
3049::
3036::
3023::
3010::
2997::
2984::
2971::
2958::
2945::
2932::
2909::
2896::
2871::
2856::
2821:.
2807:.
2757:.
2753:.
2734:.
2701:.
2673:.
2640:.
2610:.
2447:.
2423:.
2409:^
2295:.
2283:^
2248:.
2232:^
2220:.
2193:.
2169:^
2137:^
2111:^
2101:.
2085:^
2075:.
1979:.
1949:.
1931:.
1878:^
1797:.
1791:.
1710:.
1689:,
1677:.
1666:.
1548:,
1536:.
1436:,
1390:.
1366:.
1341:,
1337:,
1333:,
1325:,
1321:,
1317:,
1313:,
1309:,
1305:,
1301:,
1297:,
1293:,
1285:,
1281:,
1232:.
1226:/
1211:,
1207:,
1180:/
1143:.
1132:;
1124:,
1094:;
1083:,
1053:,
1038:,
980:)
906:.
891:=4
887:(2
877:.
698:.
675:.
659:,
261:L.
156::
143::
130::
117::
2825:.
2813:.
2790:.
2767:.
2744:.
2687:.
2650:.
2595:.
2551:.
2486:.
2458:.
2306:.
2254:.
2163:.
2146:"
2057:.
2017:.
1989:.
1960:.
1935:.
1925:"
1913:.
1872:.
1847:.
1830:"
1818:.
1805::
1789:"
1785:"
1763:.
1168:(
1116:/
893:x
889:n
815:2
811:1
808:–
805:8
801:3
779:2
775:1
765:4
761:3
758:–
755:2
751:1
745:4
741:3
738:+
736:1
734:–
731:4
727:3
83:)
30:.
23:.
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