298:
457:, who reigned from 943 to 954, "crossed into Moray and slew Cellach". The identity of this Cellach is not known: while it is possible that he was a ruler of Moray, the name was a common one during this period. The entry does however imply that Moray at this time did not lie within Malcolm I's home territory.
649:(Donnchad ua Mail Choluim) in battle. Later sources suggest that MacBeth had a claim to the Scottish throne through his mother, but his Gaelic pedigree, on record only two generations after his death, traces his descent through his father Findlaech, and grandfather Ruaidri, from the house of Loarn, Kings of
913:
Elginshire was seen as the core of the old Moray territory, and so in 1919 Elginshire County
Council changed its name to Moray County Council. The county's statutory name was subsequently changed from Elgin to Moray in 1947. The county of Moray ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975,
864:
Thomas's son John
Randolph was killed in 1346, leaving no heir and the other noble families including the Comyns, Strathbogies and Morays had all disappeared from or left the province by between 1300 and 1350. With the absence of noble leaders, power fell to lesser figures who functioned in kin-based
1303:
The following names and dates are based on people named in sources. All are
Moravians named in sources either as King of Scotland or just Mormaer. The beginning and end dates are virtually always based on known death date, and assuming the next named successor actually did succeed, and succeeded
893:
Across
Scotland, the shires which had been created after the 12th century were gradually given more administrative functions. By contrast, the older provinces under the authority of mormaers, earls or other nobles declined in significance, albeit were never explicitly abolished. The shires which
844:
Moray's importance as part of the kingdom of
Scotland was demonstrated during the years of major warfare between 1296 and 1340. The province was relatively untouched by direct fighting and Royal-led English armies penetrated Moray on only three occasions in 1296, 1303 and 1335, and significant
656:
The pedigree of
Macbeth from the Loarn kings of Dál Riata offers a clue to the origins of his dynasty in Moray. Moray may have been a separate kingdom for a time, independent of the dynasty of Kenneth mac Alpin. However it seems likely that rulers of Moray were subject loosely to the
827:
and the MacWilliam family were able to raise allies from the Gaelic uplands of Moray which led to warfare in the region from the 1140s to the 1220s. The kings normally left the defeat of these enemies to their aristocratic vassals. The interior of the province from the
644:
Gilla
Comgain's successor and probably also his killer, was his cousin Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findlaig). Macbeth married Gilla Comgain's widow Gruoch, a princess of the mac Alpin dynasty, and became king of Scots in 1040, after defeating and killing
678:, died in 1085 as 'king of Moray'. Later, an earl named Aed or 'Heth' who witnesses royal charters early in the next century may also have been based in Moray. The last ruling member of the dynasty, styled 'king' or 'earl' of Moray, was
266:, respectively the "Coastland of Fortriu" and "Headland of Fortriu". While there is no direct evidence of the provinces having these names, it is possible that the phrase "ros (headland) of Fortriu" may underlie the place-name
776:
until the line passed via the female line to the Gordon family. Another branch of the same family who took the name Murray were the
Murrays of Bothwell, and yet another line who may be related to this branch, became chiefs of
725:. Despite the expulsion of its line of rulers, Moray continued to be referred to in the early 13th century as a land separate to Scotia. Even when the realm of Scotland was recognised as stretching as far north as
736:
The actions of the crown's royal government during the century after 1130 seemed to create differences between the upland regions of the province and the coastal districts of the Laich of Moray, between the
811:
While the changes that took place in the centuries following the 1130 defeat of the kings of Moray secured the Laich of Moray under the authority of the crown, the interior of the province from
460:
There is no direct mention of Moray in any other contemporary record from the 10th century, but circumstantial evidence suggests that Moray was probably the home territory for some of the
914:
when a new Moray district was created covering most of the pre-1975 county of Moray plus western parts of
Banffshire. The district of Moray was redesignated as a council area in 1996.
764:
The extension of royal government was accompanied by the settlement of immigrants in the Laich of Moray. Lands were given to the crown's supporters, the most important of whom was
845:
English occupation occurred only in 1296–97. This security meant that it was a vital refuge and recruitment ground for the
Scottish guardians between 1297 and 1303, and provided
721:
David I of Scotland's suppression of the Kingdom of Moray in 1130 did not mark the end of the province's significance or of the problems its management caused to the kings of
633:, son of Ruaidri, 'mormaer of Moray', in 1020 by the sons of his brother, Mael Brigte. Both Findlaech and Mael Coluim are styled 'king of Alba' rather than 'of Moray' in one
410:"returned from Moray to Scotland, and progressed from Scotland into Lothian". Placename evidence also suggests that the people of Moray did not consider themselves "Scots".
819:
remained a source of difficulty and threat. Attempts to revive the old earldom of Moray and challenge the king of Scotland found support in these areas. Leaders such as
520:. Although some sources record other locations for the deaths of these kings, no kings from Clann Chausantin are recorded in any source as being killed south of the
661:. Moray acted as a buffer against further Scandinavian penetration from the north, and its rulers were remembered with respect in Scandinavian sources such as
796:
with an established centre at Elgin Cathedral with a parochial structure was achieved only during the 13th century. Reformed religious houses were founded at
532:
at the hands of the Vikings. It therefore seems likely that Moray was the power base for Clann Aeda, while Clann Chausantin were probably based south of the
853:
in 1303 and Robert I of Scotland therefore clearly recognised the significance of Moray for the security of his realm. In 1312 Robert I re-established the
477:
641:. The death of Mael Coluim, son of Mael Brigte, is recorded in 1029 and, in 1032 that of his brother Gilla Comgain, killed along with 50 of his men.
447:
in 918, and from which both Moray and Ross probably emerged as successor polities in the 10th century. Moray is first recorded in a reference in the
369:, so probably reflects an earlier perambulation of the borders, most likely dating from the period when Moray was taken into crown hands after 1130.
2140:
The King in the North: The Pictish realms of Fortriu and Ce. Collected essays written as part of the University of Aberdeen's Northern Picts project
675:
674:, son of Gilla Comgain, and presumably also of Gruoch, claimed the Scottish throne briefly before being himself killed in 1058. Lulach's son,
768:, who was of Flemish – Norman descent. Freskin founded the 'de Moravia' or 'Moray family'. The senior line of de Moravias would later become
524:. In contrast no kings from Clann Aeda seem to have faced opposition in the north. and the one recorded being killed north of the Mounth was
469:
849:
with a base and allies during his northern campaign against the Comyns and their allies in 1307–08. The province was forced to submit to
745:. The crown's existing estates were concentrated in these coastal regions and between 1130 and 1230 the kings established sheriffdoms or
582:(Máel Coluim) of "Scotland". Both date from the period 976 to 995. However no king named Máel Coluim reigned in Scotland in this period.
326:
542:
appears to have been the major political centre of Moray during this period, a status it probably inherited after the destruction of
301:
Map of Scottish provinces of 1689 showing the larger Moray stretching from the coast west of Loch Ness eastwards to the River Spey
1963:
554:
that survives on the outskirts of the modern town. The rulers of Moray appear to have controlled the more easterly provinces of
2030:
1999:
464:
during the period. From 889 until 997 the Kingship of Alba alternated between two distinct families descended from two sons of
1913:
1557:
357:
on the west coast – an area described as "Argyll of Moray" – from where the northern boundary of the province followed the
158:
and his successors established institutions to bring Moray more directly under Scottish control, suppressing the office of
858:
314:
2411:
2342:
2232:
2213:
2187:
2147:
2138:
Evans, Nicholas (2019). "A historical introduction to the northern Picts". In Noble, Gordon; Evans, Nicholas (eds.).
2128:
701:
became the last Mormaer of Moray cannot be substantiated and his claim for the Scottish throne proved unsuccessful.
873:
which centred on Badenoch. This drew in lords and men from outside of the province, from further south such as the
881:
was divided between them with John Dunbar receiving the coastal districts and Alexander Stewart, favourite son of
2525:
2257:
516:
being killed in Forres "by the Scots themselves" in 967, with his body being hidden under the bridge at nearby
449:
733:
dating from the mid 12th century offer a glimpse of the holding of land and the ordering of society in Moray.
637:
but this may be an error or exaggeration. Mael Coluim's brother and successor, Gillie Coemgáin is recorded as
443:
2156:
Grant, Alexander, "The Province of Ross and the Kingdom of Alba" in E.J. Cowan and R.Andrew McDonald (eds.)
2267:
Woolf, Alex (2000). "The 'Moray Question' and the Kingship of Alba in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries".
353:, all of which also included land on the east bank of the river. North of Lochaber the province included
120:
2385:
Ruardri King of Moray Notes by Jacqueli Finley http://www.leesofvirginia.org/Ruardri_King_of_Moray.html
1201:
481:
1336:
2530:
1552:
Oxford Companion to Scottish History. pp. 428–430. Edited by Michael Lynch. Oxford University Press.
832:
to Strathbogie was divided between six or more families, the greatest of which, at this time was the
484:. Surviving records show the kings of Clann Chausantin constantly in conflict with the men of Moray:
63:
1253:
297:
342:
147:
continued to rule Moray and challenge the kings to the south until Óengus' defeat and death at the
1260:
502:
in 900; Malcolm I is recorded in the same sources being "killed by the Moravians by treachery" at
559:
132:
31:
1326:
2389:
2109:
The Civilisation of Moray: Burghs in the Landscape and the Landscape of Burghs, C.1150 - C.1250
1232:
1180:
1173:
2243:
2404:
1194:
1187:
882:
870:
729:, Moray was still recognised as one of the chief northern provinces. The Gaelic notes in the
507:
454:
47:
23:
1313:
630:
2447:
2384:
846:
646:
490:
473:
175:
148:
839:
8:
1418:
1407:
1347:
850:
698:
687:
607:
571:
186:
155:
2379:
2050:
2502:
2497:
2364:
2321:
2284:
2025:
1994:
1363:
788:
The final area of change in the province of Moray after 1130 was religion. There was a
769:
746:
709:
may have been related to the old rulers of Moray, as may also have been the mysterious
574:, mentions Mormaers and Kings in northern Scotland from the later 10th century, namely
533:
385:
366:
250:
Historians have suggested that the topographical nature of the placenames of Moray and
202:
39:
2369:
2359:
694:
in Angus, in 1130 and thus the Kingdom of Moray was destroyed by David I of Scotland.
144:
2535:
2477:
2338:
2325:
2313:
2288:
2253:
2228:
2209:
2183:
2143:
2124:
1553:
861:. The new earldom included all of the old province and the crown lands of the Laich.
805:
517:
495:
354:
240:
87:
2296:
Woolf, Alex (October 2006). "Dén Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts".
2482:
2397:
2305:
2276:
1208:
866:
816:
793:
551:
512:
465:
437:
407:
306:
225:
198:
136:
1378:
670:
Macbeth himself was in turn killed and defeated in 1057. After which, his stepson
140:
2452:
2247:
2118:
2107:
1937:
1393:
931:
907:
789:
773:
683:
679:
663:
658:
603:
373:
287:
236:
59:
2540:
2467:
2457:
2442:
2437:
2073:
1059:
782:
566:
562:
until the 12th century, but the extent of their power to the north is unclear.
503:
424:
393:
377:
271:
251:
178:
to loyal followers. However Moray continued to be a base for rebellions by the
116:
2280:
922:
This table is a comparison of the genealogies apparently used by the Kings of
2519:
2487:
2432:
2317:
2120:
Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain From the Picts to Alexander III
1438:
1246:
1239:
878:
854:
824:
543:
529:
402:
317:
in 1312. The eastern boundary of the province was described as following the
310:
102:
2374:
2020:
1989:
2492:
2462:
1918:. London / Glasgow: Hamilton, Adams and Co. / Thomas D. Morison. p. 47
833:
758:
730:
706:
550:
in the 9th century, and which may be commemorated by the monumental carved
461:
358:
218:
179:
112:
75:
54:, that may at times up to the 12th century have operated as an independent
2309:
877:
and Stewarts who staked claims to rule the province of Moray. In 1372 the
650:
2472:
874:
778:
591:
362:
171:
163:
1225:
2086:, (London, 1908), republished, Marjorie Anderson (ed.) (Stamford, 1991)
939:
903:
899:
895:
840:
1296 to 1346: Wars of Independence and creation of the earldom of Moray
829:
801:
738:
691:
397:
346:
318:
71:
812:
742:
726:
485:
322:
305:
The boundaries of Moray were explicitly documented in the charter of
119:, attained the throne of Alba between 1040 and 1058 in the person of
1938:"County of Elgin or Moray? Mr Munro and the proposed change of name"
722:
702:
634:
350:
338:
267:
83:
79:
51:
610:, who ruled from 1040 to 1057. These rulers were sometimes styled
254:, coupled with their origins as local divisions of the kingdom of
2420:
1433:
765:
587:
547:
432:
255:
214:
124:
107:
98:
93:
Moray emerged in the 10th century as a successor to the dominant
2419:
917:
372:
Before the early 13th century Moray was not considered part of "
820:
797:
754:
710:
671:
597:
555:
539:
525:
521:
499:
334:
330:
283:
128:
2167:(The Osborn Bergin * Memorial Lecture 1970), (Cambridge (1972)
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
761:, providing a framework for royal authority in the province.
750:
428:
291:
282:
In the century or two before 1130 the name Moray described a
167:
94:
67:
55:
2380:
Genelaig Albanensium in the Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1769:
1757:
321:
south from its mouth, though including all of the lands of
243:'s earlier derivation of Moray from the unattested Gaelic *
2225:
Land Assessment and Lordship in Medieval Northern Scotland
586:
was not written as a historical guide for details outside
1847:
1813:
1811:
1786:
1784:
1517:
1686:
247:
meaning "sea-settlement" is now considered less likely.
1735:
1733:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1703:
1701:
606:-speaking dynasty, the most notable perhaps being King
174:
within the province, and granting large areas of it as
1859:
1835:
1808:
1781:
1745:
1483:
1481:
713:. Later MacHeth claimants to Moray were unsuccessful.
239:, all of which mean "low lying land near to the sea".
115:. The ruling kin-group of Moray, sometimes called the
2252:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 428–430.
2084:
Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286
1823:
1505:
1456:
1454:
62:. It covered a much larger territory than the modern
2180:
Máel Coluim III, 'Canmore': An Eleventh-Century King
1796:
1730:
1713:
1698:
1662:
1590:
1580:
1578:
888:
16:
Former lordship of the medieval Kingdom of Scotland.
2075:
Early sources of Scottish history, A.D. 500 to 1286
1964:"Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947, Section 127"
1638:
1478:
1466:
716:
705:, who rebelled against David I, but was later made
1674:
1650:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1493:
1451:
258:, may mean that they were originally qualified as
105:was ambiguous: being described in some sources as
58:or as a power base for competing claimants to the
2198:Lost Kingdoms: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages
1575:
1563:
189:, until the last of the line was killed in 1230.
2517:
111:, in others as Kings of Moray, and in others as
392:) which was thought to extend only between the
1915:The History of the Province of Moray: Volume 1
2405:
918:Comparative Moravian and Scottish genealogies
365:. Unusually, this document does not name any
598:1014 to 1130: Dynasty of Findláich to Óengus
435:, which was last recorded in entries in the
418:
2241:
2021:"Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994"
894:broadly covered the province of Moray were
885:being made lord of Badenoch in the uplands
131:. After Lulach was killed and succeeded by
2412:
2398:
690:in battle, but was defeated and killed at
205:origin, but its earliest attested form as
197:The placename "Moray" could have either a
2337:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
2242:Sellar, W. D. H.; Brown, Michael (2001).
2158:Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Medieval Era
2123:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
2177:
2071:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1817:
1790:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1511:
594:and the text is notoriously unreliable.
296:
2105:
1829:
682:(Angus) son of the daughter of Lulach.
2518:
2142:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. pp. 10–38.
1990:"Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973"
934:. All three, incidentally, are called
2393:
2332:
2295:
2266:
2137:
2116:
1802:
1739:
1724:
1707:
1692:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1487:
1472:
1460:
2249:Oxford Companion to Scottish History
2222:
2203:
2165:The Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer
2100:Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland
2091:
1911:
1680:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1569:
1499:
506:, just south of Forres, in 954; and
427:were the heartlands of the powerful
209:makes a Pictish origin more likely.
1298:
950:, dating to the early 11th century
906:, and most of the mainland part of
629:Irish annals record the killing of
70:, extending approximately from the
13:
2064:
859:Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray
14:
2552:
2353:
946:Comparative Genealogies from the
889:Relationship to later territories
2423:or Earldoms attested before 1286
2375:Gaelic Notes on the Book of Deer
2206:The Kings Of Alba: c.1000-c.1130
2112:. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University.
2051:Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502
836:lords of Badenoch and Lochaber.
717:After 1130: Suppression of Moray
2059:
2044:
2013:
1982:
1956:
1930:
1905:
1884:
1871:
78:in the north, and encompassing
2335:From Pictland to Alba 789–1070
1337:Gille Coemgáin mac Máil Brigti
930:. Both trace their descent to
450:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
337:, and all of the lordships of
182:, the descendants of the last
50:within the area of modern-day
1:
2078:. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
1444:
444:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
1944:. 5 November 1919. p. 4
277:
7:
2246:. In Lynch, Michael (ed.).
2072:Anderson, Alan Orr (1922).
1427:
1327:Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti
961:Genealogy of Máel Colum II
955:Genealogy of Máel Snechtai
309:that granted the recreated
154:Over the following decades
10:
2557:
2298:Scottish Historical Review
2269:Scottish Historical Review
2208:. Edinburgh: John Donald.
2182:. Edinburgh: John Donald.
413:
286:far larger than the later
2428:
2281:10.3366/shr.2000.79.2.145
2106:Barrett, John R. (2019).
1890:Death of Gille Coemgáin,
1379:Máel Snechtai mac Lulaich
1364:Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin
578:(Máel Snechtai) and King
419:Origins and early history
133:Máel Coluim mac Donnchada
2172:Kings of Celtic Scotland
1348:Mac Bethad mac Findláich
1308:Kings/Mormaers of Moray
121:Mac Bethad mac Findláich
2223:Ross, Alasdair (2015).
2204:Ross, Alasdair (2011).
2178:McGuigan, Neil (2021).
2163:Jackson, Kenneth (ed),
2098:Anderson, Marjorie O.,
1970:. The National Archives
958:Genealogy of Macbethad
792:before 1130, however a
423:Moray and neighbouring
389:
192:
90:in the south and west.
43:
27:
2117:Broun, Dauvit (2007).
1942:Aberdeen Daily Journal
1912:Shaw, Lachlan (1882).
749:centred on Inverness,
572:Saga of the Icelanders
400:. As late as 1214 the
381:
302:
270:, referring to nearby
35:
2526:Provinces of Scotland
2310:10.3366/shr.2007.0029
2227:. Turnhout: Brepols.
2170:Hudson, Benjamin T.,
2031:The National Archives
2000:The National Archives
1314:Findláech mac Ruaidrí
883:Robert II of Scotland
871:Chattan Confederation
602:Moray was ruled by a
480:, the descendants of
472:, the descendants of
455:Malcolm I of Scotland
300:
2333:Woolf, Alex (2007).
2082:Anderson, Alan Orr,
948:Genelaig Albanensium
847:Robert I of Scotland
647:Duncan I of Scotland
491:Chronicle of Melrose
231:, which survives as
176:provincial lordships
149:Battle of Stracathro
2360:Annals of Tigernach
2200:, (Edinburgh, 1997)
2160:, (Edinburgh, 2000)
2102:, (Edinburgh, 1973)
1778:, pp. 353–454.
1766:, pp. 396–397.
1695:, pp. 177–178.
1419:Kingdom of Scotland
1408:William fitz Duncan
1309:
951:
865:groups such as the
851:Edward I of England
770:Earls of Sutherland
699:William fitz Duncan
688:David I of Scotland
686:(Angus) challenged
608:Macbeth of Scotland
510:is recorded in the
488:is recorded in the
441:in 904, and in the
187:William fitz Duncan
156:David I of Scotland
74:in the east to the
2370:Chronicon Scotorum
2196:Roberts, John L.,
2174:, (Westport, 1994)
2026:legislation.gov.uk
1995:legislation.gov.uk
1968:legislation.gov.uk
1307:
1076:Echdach Muinremuir
945:
926:and of (southern)
869:of Atholl and the
534:Grampian Mountains
496:Pictish King lists
303:
294:of the same name.
127:) and his stepson
2511:
2510:
2092:Secondary sources
1856:, pp. 19–20.
1599:, pp. 76–77.
1558:978-0-19-923482-0
1425:
1424:
1383:? 1058-1078/1085
1294:
1293:
1287:Echach Muinremuir
823:, the son of the
2548:
2531:History of Moray
2414:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2365:Annals of Ulster
2348:
2329:
2292:
2263:
2238:
2219:
2193:
2153:
2134:
2113:
2079:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2007:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1909:
1903:
1902:, Vol. I, p. 571
1898:1032; Anderson,
1892:Annals of Ulster
1888:
1882:
1881:, Vol. I, p. 452
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1711:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1573:
1567:
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1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
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1476:
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1464:
1458:
1310:
1306:
1299:List of Mormaers
952:
944:
879:earldom of Moray
867:Clan Donnachaidh
857:for his nephew,
855:earldom of Moray
794:Diocese of Moray
639:Mormaer of Moray
513:Annals of Ulster
478:Clann Chausantin
466:Kenneth MacAlpin
438:Annals of Ulster
408:William the Lion
307:Robert the Bruce
137:House of Dunkeld
101:. The status of
2556:
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2094:
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2065:Primary sources
2062:
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2019:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1987:
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1301:
932:Erc of Dalriada
920:
908:Inverness-shire
891:
842:
790:Bishop of Moray
783:Earls of Atholl
774:Clan Sutherland
719:
703:Malcolm MacHeth
664:Orkneyinga Saga
600:
453:describing how
421:
416:
315:Thomas Randolph
280:
237:Cornish English
195:
139:, Lulach's son
123:(Shakespeare's
60:Kingdom of Alba
17:
12:
11:
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2354:External links
2352:
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2304:(2): 182–201.
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2012:
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1807:
1805:, p. 203.
1795:
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1742:, p. 224.
1729:
1727:, p. 157.
1712:
1710:, p. 151.
1697:
1685:
1673:
1671:, p. 130.
1661:
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1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1574:
1562:
1516:
1504:
1502:, p. 100.
1492:
1490:, p. 201.
1477:
1475:, p. 178.
1465:
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528:, who died at
420:
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394:Firth of Forth
279:
276:
272:Chanonry Point
260:Mureb Fortrenn
241:William Watson
194:
191:
117:House of Moray
32:Medieval Latin
15:
9:
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2189:9781910900192
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2149:9781780275512
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1917:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1900:Early Sources
1897:
1893:
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1880:
1879:Early Sources
1874:
1868:, p. 58.
1867:
1866:McGuigan 2021
1862:
1855:
1854:McGuigan 2021
1850:
1844:, p. 60.
1843:
1842:McGuigan 2021
1838:
1832:, p. 94.
1831:
1826:
1820:, p. 52.
1819:
1818:McGuigan 2021
1814:
1812:
1804:
1799:
1793:, p. 20.
1792:
1791:McGuigan 2021
1787:
1785:
1777:
1776:Anderson 1922
1772:
1765:
1764:Anderson 1922
1760:
1754:, p. 51.
1753:
1752:McGuigan 2021
1748:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1683:, p. 51.
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1647:, p. 10.
1646:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1623:, p. 78.
1622:
1617:
1611:, p. 77.
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1587:, p. 75.
1586:
1581:
1579:
1572:, p. 73.
1571:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1549:
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1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
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1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1514:, p. 59.
1513:
1512:McGuigan 2021
1508:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1463:, p. 32.
1462:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1440:
1439:Earl of Moray
1437:
1435:
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1304:immediately:
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1247:Eochaid Buide
1244:
1242:
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1240:Domnall Brecc
1237:
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1230:
1228:
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1223:
1221:
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979:Gille Comgáin
977:
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969:Máel Snechtai
967:
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825:Earl of Angus
822:
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748:
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734:
732:
728:
724:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:Mael Snechtai
673:
668:
666:
665:
660:
659:Kings of Alba
654:
652:
648:
642:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
624:great steward
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
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589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Jarl Melsnatr
573:
569:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
552:Sueno's Stone
549:
545:
544:Burghead Fort
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:
487:
483:
482:Constantine I
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Kings of Alba
458:
456:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
439:
434:
430:
426:
411:
409:
406:recorded how
405:
404:
403:Gesta Annalia
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
367:perambulators
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
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316:
312:
308:
299:
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293:
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275:
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265:
261:
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234:
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227:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
190:
188:
185:
181:
180:Meic Uilleims
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
150:
146:
143:and grandson
142:
141:Máel Snechtai
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:Kings of Alba
110:
109:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2513:
2334:
2301:
2297:
2272:
2268:
2248:
2224:
2205:
2197:
2179:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2139:
2119:
2108:
2099:
2083:
2074:
2060:Bibliography
2046:
2035:, retrieved
2033:, 1994 c. 39
2024:
2015:
2004:, retrieved
2002:, 1973 c. 65
1993:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1967:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1914:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1830:Barrett 2019
1825:
1798:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1688:
1676:
1664:
1659:, p. 8.
1652:
1640:
1635:, p. 7.
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1565:
1507:
1495:
1468:
1398:
1370:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1318:
1302:
1295:
1286:
1281:
1277:Fergus (Mór)
1276:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1075:
1070:
1065:Cenél Loairn
1064:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
947:
936:King of Alba
935:
927:
923:
921:
912:
892:
863:
843:
810:
787:
772:, chiefs of
763:
735:
731:Book of Deer
720:
707:Earl of Ross
697:Claims that
696:
669:
662:
655:
643:
638:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
601:
583:
579:
575:
565:
564:
538:
511:
489:
459:
448:
442:
436:
422:
401:
371:
359:River Beauly
304:
292:council area
281:
264:Ros Fortrenn
263:
259:
249:
244:
232:
228:
221:
219:Middle Welsh
210:
206:
196:
183:
159:
153:
106:
92:
76:River Beauly
64:council area
24:Middle Irish
19:
18:
2421:Mormaerdoms
1417:Annexed to
1412:1130s–1147
1188:Máel Coluim
1174:Máel Coluim
984:Máel Brigte
902:, parts of
817:Strathbogie
779:Clan Murray
592:Scandinavia
584:Njal's Saga
567:Njal's Saga
431:kingdom of
363:Moray Firth
172:sheriffdoms
164:monasteries
162:, founding
97:kingdom of
2520:Categories
2503:Sutherland
2498:Strathearn
2259:0199234825
1877:Anderson,
1803:Woolf 2007
1740:Woolf 2007
1725:Woolf 2000
1708:Woolf 2000
1693:Woolf 2007
1669:Woolf 2007
1657:Broun 2007
1645:Broun 2007
1633:Broun 2007
1488:Woolf 2006
1473:Woolf 2007
1461:Evans 2019
1445:References
1341:1029–1032
1331:1020–1029
1321:1014–1020
940:manuscript
904:Banffshire
900:Nairnshire
896:Elginshire
834:Clan Comyn
830:Great Glen
802:Pluscarden
781:and later
739:River Spey
692:Stracathro
470:Clann Aeda
398:River Spey
347:Glencarnie
343:Kincardine
319:River Spey
103:its rulers
72:River Spey
2448:Caithness
2326:161978981
2318:0036-9241
2289:162334631
1948:21 August
1922:21 August
1681:Ross 2015
1621:Ross 2011
1609:Ross 2011
1597:Ross 2011
1585:Ross 2011
1570:Ross 2011
1500:Ross 2011
1371:1057–1058
1355:1032–1057
1272:Domangard
1233:Domangard
1202:Causantín
1096:Findláech
1091:Macbethad
1054:Muiredach
1014:Ailgelach
743:Inverness
727:Caithness
651:Dál Riata
631:Findláech
498:dying at
486:Donald II
386:Old Irish
327:Rathenach
323:Fochabers
278:Geography
245:mori-treb
217:with the
151:in 1130.
40:Old Norse
2536:Mormaers
2483:Menteith
2037:17 April
2006:17 April
1974:4 August
1428:See also
1226:Áed Find
1116:Cathamal
1024:Feradach
1004:Cathamal
813:Lochalsh
723:Scotland
635:obituary
622:meaning
614:meaning
508:King Dub
494:and the
474:King Áed
396:and the
374:Scotland
351:Lochaber
339:Badenoch
268:Fortrose
108:mormaers
84:Lochaber
80:Badenoch
52:Scotland
48:province
46:) was a
2453:Carrick
2244:"Moray"
1434:Fortriu
1264:(hence
1220:Eochaid
1195:Domnall
1111:Morggán
1106:Domnall
1063:(hence
1049:Echdach
1034:Nechtan
1019:Ferchar
999:Morggán
994:Domnall
938:in the
875:Dunbars
806:Kinloss
766:Freskin
620:mormaer
588:Iceland
580:Melkofr
548:Vikings
518:Kinloss
504:Blervie
433:Fortriu
429:Pictish
414:History
361:to the
355:Glenelg
311:earldom
256:Fortriu
233:murriph
226:Cornish
215:cognate
199:Pictish
184:mormaer
160:mormaer
135:of the
125:Macbeth
99:Fortriu
95:Pictish
88:Glenelg
56:kingdom
36:Moravia
2478:Mearns
2468:Lennox
2458:Dunbar
2443:Buchan
2438:Atholl
2341:
2324:
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2127:
1556:
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1394:Óengus
1319:before
1261:Gabrán
1209:Cináed
1181:Cináed
1101:Ruadrí
1044:Báetán
1039:Colmán
1029:Fergus
1009:Ruadrí
989:Ruadrí
974:Lulach
924:Muireb
821:Wimund
798:Beauly
755:Forres
747:shires
711:Wimund
684:Óengus
680:Óengus
672:Lulach
604:Gaelic
556:Buchan
540:Forres
530:Cullen
526:Ildulb
522:Mounth
500:Forres
476:, and
382:Scotia
335:Boharm
331:Rothes
288:county
284:polity
203:Gaelic
168:burghs
145:Óengus
129:Lulach
44:Mýræfi
2541:Gaels
2488:Moray
2433:Angus
2322:S2CID
2285:S2CID
1254:Áedan
1215:Alpín
1060:Loarn
759:Elgin
751:Nairn
378:Latin
229:morab
222:moreb
211:Moreb
207:Moreb
201:or a
68:Moray
28:Muréb
20:Moray
2493:Ross
2463:Fife
2339:ISBN
2314:ISSN
2254:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2125:ISBN
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2008:2023
1976:2024
1950:2024
1924:2024
1896:s.a.
1554:ISBN
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804:and
757:and
741:and
616:king
570:, a
558:and
425:Ross
390:Alba
349:and
333:and
262:and
252:Ross
224:and
193:Name
170:and
86:and
2473:Mar
2306:doi
2277:doi
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618:or
590:or
560:Mar
546:by
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313:to
290:or
235:in
213:is
66:of
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