671:
656:
31:
80:
209:
55:
644:
400:
The prothonotary warbler is 13 cm (5.1 in) long, weighs 12.5 g (0.44 oz), and has a wingspan of 22 cm (8.75 in). It has an olive-coloured back with blue-grey wings and tail, yellow underparts, a relatively long pointed bill, and black legs. The adult male has a bright
670:
611:
On August 3, 1948, in a hearing before the committee, Chambers accused Hiss of being a communist spy who sought to infiltrate the U.S. government. Two days later, Hiss testified before the committee and claimed, among other things, that
Chambers' allegations were false and that he did not know
632:. When Hiss appeared before the committee again, he haphazardly confirmed spotting a prothonotary warbler on the Potomac, causing many members of the committee to become convinced of the pair's acquaintance. Ultimately, the Hiss-Chambers hearing led, in part, to Nixon's political rise.
582:", "as proof that dead trees are transmuted into living animals, and vice versa. When you doubt the wisdom of this arrangement, take a look at the prothonotary." Second, Kurt Vonnegut described the warbler as "the only birds that are housebroken in captivity" in his novel,
1381:
805:
Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques
623:
at the hearing. To verify this suspicion, the committee had
Chambers appear before it again on August 7, 1948, to testify about his relationship with Hiss. At that hearing, Chambers testified that Hiss enjoyed
850:
Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practical and economical route for a railroad from the
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean made under the direction of the secretary of war in
401:
orange-yellow head. Females and immature birds are duller and have a yellow head. In flight from below, the short, wide tail has a distinctive two-toned pattern, white at the base and dark at the tip.
968:
Lovette, I.J.; Pérez-Emán, J.L.; Sullivan, J.P.; Banks, R.C.; Fiorentino, I.; Córdoba-Córdoba, S.; Echeverry-Galvis, M.; Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Bermingham, E. (2010).
5164:
1314:
3895:
3538:
5236:
4452:
3850:
3915:
3783:
1647:
1284:
4225:
4191:
1292:
1369:
5068:
4526:
4506:
4314:
3729:
3558:
4479:
3823:
1537:
5120:
4334:
4087:
1778:
1723:
1503:
313:
to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist
5226:
4623:
4273:
3942:
3749:
3569:
3306:
2548:
3803:
2199:
4053:
920:
5241:
5019:
1176:
5081:
765:
743:
605:
284:
1415:
1233:
928:
5086:
5159:
914:
655:
596:
The prothonotary warbler became known to a wider audience in the 1940s as the bird that established a connection between
5042:
461:
The prothonotary warbler is the only eastern warbler that nests in natural or artificial cavities, sometimes using old
1267:
1091:
829:
5246:
5185:
5125:
5047:
1387:
1324:
5006:
1354:
970:"A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)"
952:
4923:
4885:
476:
habitat is dense, woody streams, where the prothonotary warbler forages actively in low foliage, mainly for
427:
The habitat of the warblers during migration is not well known. However, they are particularly prominent in
4894:
1341:
5138:
769:
302:
5251:
4957:
1310:
1296:
79:
4962:
883:
777:
721:
424:. However, it may nest near other bodies of water such as creeks, streams, ponds, and swimming pools.
255:
family. It is named for its plumage which resembles the yellow robes once worn by papal clerks (named
5190:
4936:
1408:
568:
The warbler has also been mentioned several times in literature. First, the warbler is mentioned in
5133:
1346:
1007:
5112:
1375:
1056:
845:
619:, who was then a freshman congressman on the committee, became convinced that Hiss had committed
336:
158:
5034:
5073:
4944:
4847:
540:
377:
5099:
2152:
2119:
570:
385:
181:
5177:
1136:
507:
Prothonotary warblers are declining in numbers due to loss of habitat. They also experience
4949:
4905:
1401:
1393:
773:
561:
512:
310:
380:
study of the family
Parulidae published in 2010 found that the prothonotary warbler was a
8:
44:
1360:
698:
5231:
1107:
662:
597:
556:
361:", a notary attached to the Byzantine court who wore golden-yellow robes. The specific
289:
74:
5203:
5172:
4980:
4910:
1263:
1087:
1033:
989:
948:
924:
825:
643:
453:
It is a rare vagrant to parts of the western United States, most notably
California.
252:
141:
969:
4985:
4103:
3904:
3421:
3387:
1573:
1064:
981:
716:
584:
462:
370:
5011:
543:, which is currently home to more than 2,000 pairs, the densest known population.
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2072:
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1677:
1319:
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4758:
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1801:
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536:
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30:
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2646:
2531:
2486:
2081:
2027:
1836:
1608:
707:
629:
628:, and once bragged to Chambers about seeing a prothonotary warbler along the
616:
447:
421:
318:
64:
59:
4807:
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2223:
2189:
2164:
2101:
1822:
1684:
1594:
993:
625:
575:
381:
358:
275:
and the only eastern warbler that nests in natural or artificial cavities.
256:
1068:
469:
in his territory; the female builds the real nest and lays 3–7 eggs.
208:
5151:
5107:
5055:
4879:
4730:
4716:
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4653:
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3655:
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3641:
3592:
3578:
3470:
3441:
3376:
3289:
3226:
3108:
3094:
3066:
3052:
3038:
3004:
2970:
2901:
2848:
2834:
2806:
2743:
2687:
2579:
2503:
2441:
2427:
2351:
2330:
2173:
2052:
2013:
2006:
1943:
1850:
1808:
1739:
1712:
1705:
1587:
1564:
1526:
1494:
1482:
1467:
1425:
439:
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4180:
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3951:
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3792:
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3718:
3662:
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3247:
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3045:
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2984:
2941:
2876:
2841:
2813:
2568:
2510:
2417:
2323:
2254:
2247:
2237:
2041:
1992:
1971:
1964:
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1950:
1923:
1874:
1865:
1843:
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1767:
1753:
1691:
1656:
1636:
1622:
1580:
601:
528:
520:
351:
344:
1370:
Prothonotary
Warbler "The Swamp Songster" by Lisa Petit (January 1997)
1008:"Prothonotary Warbler | State of Tennessee, Wildlife Resources Agency"
5060:
4612:
4556:
4549:
4461:
4392:
4357:
4159:
4152:
4062:
4021:
3993:
3979:
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3143:
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3101:
3087:
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3059:
3015:
2921:
2862:
2752:
2660:
2615:
2558:
2538:
2410:
2379:
2344:
2292:
2230:
2216:
1978:
1934:
1670:
1615:
1553:
1461:
853:. Vol. 9 Birds. Washington: Printed by Beverly Tucker. pp.
764:
754:(in French). Vol. 9. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 465.
466:
340:
301:. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by
294:
131:
91:
4841:
4998:
4864:
4814:
4793:
4737:
4681:
4577:
4488:
4399:
4166:
4138:
3986:
3690:
3683:
3634:
3585:
3348:
3282:
3268:
3115:
2910:
2653:
2595:
2479:
2448:
2365:
2299:
2278:
2092:
1999:
1916:
1881:
1829:
1815:
1794:
1746:
1601:
1546:
1519:
1443:
473:
410:
248:
111:
4931:
4765:
4702:
4639:
4296:
4173:
4076:
3972:
3832:
3758:
3620:
3606:
3313:
3198:
3129:
2950:
2883:
2524:
2393:
2358:
2316:
2209:
2182:
2020:
1732:
1698:
1512:
1455:
620:
579:
417:
328:. The prothonotary warbler is now the only species placed in the
4918:
4069:
4042:
3327:
2639:
2386:
2034:
1985:
1909:
1437:
788:. Vol. 8. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 704 Fig. 2.
532:
477:
428:
101:
967:
283:
The prothonotary warbler was described by the French polymath
4993:
4695:
4570:
3254:
2890:
2372:
2108:
1760:
1449:
481:
413:
329:
267:
1423:
1195:"Audubon's Birds of America at the University of Pittsburgh"
559:'s painting of a prothonotary warbler is the third plate in
690:
121:
1177:"158. Francis Beidler Forest, Harleyville, South Carolina"
1057:"Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea), version 1.0"
535:. The species persists in protected environments such as
465:
holes. The male often builds several incomplete, unused
335:
that was introduced in 1858 by the
American naturalist
696:
3554:
3544:
3534:
3302:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2492:
2468:
2423:
2399:
2305:
2274:
2243:
2205:
2195:
809:(in French). Utrecht. p. 38, Number 704 Fig. 2.
1162:
National
Geographic Complete Birds of North America
266:The prothonotary warbler is the only member of the
1262:. Random House. pp. 362, 564, 572, 573, 580.
1032:
373:". It was once known as the golden swamp warbler.
1390:at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
820:Curson, Jon; Quinn, David; Beadle, David (1994).
819:
722:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22721765A94730179.en
487:The song of this bird is a simple, loud, ringing
5218:
1293:University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law
1234:"Chambers accuses Hiss of being a communist spy"
1222:. The Random House Publishing Group. p. 82.
782:"Figuier Ă ventre et tĂŞte jaunes de la Loisiane"
491:. The call is a loud, dry chip, like that of a
1366:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
824:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 159–161.
1409:
519:), and are outcompeted for nest sites by the
1217:
1137:"Protonotaria citrea (prothonotary warbler)"
1081:
1035:Pete Dunne's Essential Field Guide Companion
916:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
591:
309:which was produced under the supervision of
888:"New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers"
882:
404:
2151:
1416:
1402:
409:The prothonotary warbler mostly breeds in
207:
53:
29:
5237:Native birds of the Eastern United States
720:
307:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle,
5048:prothonotary-warbler-protonotaria-citrea
1285:"The Trials of Alger Hiss: A Commentary"
1257:
1159:
1082:Stiles, Gary; Skutch, Alexander (1989).
798:
786:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
912:
456:
5219:
1309:
1282:
742:
606:House Un-American Activities Committee
285:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
4846:
4845:
3881:
3512:
2729:
2150:
1480:
1397:
1174:
1130:
1128:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1030:
974:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
919:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
894:. International Ornithologists' Union
878:
876:
844:
551:
1388:Prothonotary warbler species account
1378:at Florida Museum of Natural History
1355:Prothonotary warbler Species Account
5227:IUCN Red List least concern species
1372:– Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center
708:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1382:Prothonotary warbler photo gallery
1134:
1125:
1084:A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica
1043:
873:
578:as the "ewel of my disease-ridden
14:
5263:
1334:
1315:"The Unsung Hero of the Cold War"
945:Bird: The Definitive Visual guide
2730:
766:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
744:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
669:
654:
642:
615:However, future U.S. president,
450:, primarily in Mangrove Swamps.
297:. Buffon coined the French name
78:
5242:Birds of the Dominican Republic
1481:
1303:
1276:
1251:
1226:
1211:
1187:
1168:
1153:
1100:
1075:
1024:
1000:
961:
892:IOC World Bird List Version 9.2
886:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
697:BirdLife International (2016).
3882:
1426:finches, sparrows and tanagers
1376:Prothonotary warbler recording
1175:Burns, Jim (October 2, 2018).
1164:. National Geographic Society.
937:
906:
838:
813:
792:
758:
752:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
736:
527:). The warblers are listed as
395:
290:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1:
3513:
684:
546:
489:sweet-sweet-sweet-sweet-sweet
293:from a specimen collected in
1384:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1357:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1342:"Prothonotary warbler media"
1258:Chambers, Whittaker (1952).
1086:. Cornell University Press.
495:. Its flight call is a loud
7:
1160:Alderfer, Jonathan (2006).
986:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018
778:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
278:
10:
5268:
913:Jobling, James A. (2010).
770:Martinet, François-Nicolas
635:
4854:
4622:
4525:
4505:
4478:
4451:
4333:
4313:
4272:
4224:
4190:
4086:
4052:
3941:
3914:
3894:
3890:
3877:
3849:
3822:
3802:
3782:
3748:
3728:
3568:
3525:
3521:
3508:
3480:
3460:
3440:
3420:
3386:
3153:
3014:
2994:
2960:
2940:
2920:
2900:
2796:
2776:
2742:
2738:
2725:
2697:
2677:
2629:
2605:
2578:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2146:
2118:
2091:
2071:
2051:
1933:
1864:
1777:
1722:
1646:
1563:
1536:
1502:
1493:
1489:
1476:
1432:
748:"Le figuier protonotaire"
592:The Hiss-Chambers Hearing
502:
431:during spring migration.
303:François-Nicolas Martinet
215:
206:
187:
180:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1347:Internet Bird Collection
1199:audubon.library.pitt.edu
715:: e.T22721765A94730179.
416:in extreme southeastern
405:Distribution and habitat
324:in his catalogue of the
5247:Birds described in 1783
1361:Prothonotary warbler -
1055:Petit, Lisa J. (2020).
947:. DK Publishing. 2007.
390:Limnothlypis swainsonii
350:The genus name is from
299:Le figuier protonotaire
2153:Nine-primaried oscines
2120:Nine-primaried oscines
1108:"Prothonotary Warbler"
541:Francis Beidler Forest
378:molecular phylogenetic
1283:Linder, Doug (2003).
1220:A Sand County Almanac
1218:Aldo Leopold (1996).
1069:10.2173/bow.prowar.01
774:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
571:A Sand County Almanac
261:Roman Catholic Church
230: Wintering range
24:Prothonotary warbler
5165:prothonotary-warbler
5035:prothonotary-warbler
1141:Animal Diversity Web
1031:Dunne, Pete (2006).
562:The Birds of America
513:brown-headed cowbird
457:Behavior and ecology
369:meaning the colour "
311:Edme-Louis Daubenton
239:prothonotary warbler
224: Breeding range
5204:Protonotaria-citrea
4924:protonotaria-citrea
4886:Protonotaria citrea
4856:Protonotaria citrea
1363:Protonotaria citrea
1327:on 10 October 2012.
1039:. Houghton Mifflin.
701:Protonotaria citrea
326:Planches Enluminées
244:Protonotaria citrea
191:Protonotaria citrea
45:Conservation status
5252:New World warblers
3896:Catamblyrhynchinae
1061:Birds of the World
822:New World Warblers
663:John James Audubon
598:Whittaker Chambers
557:John James Audubon
552:Art and literature
386:Swainson's warbler
5214:
5213:
5173:Open Tree of Life
4848:Taxon identifiers
4839:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2625:
2624:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
1860:
1859:
1313:(30 April 2007).
930:978-1-4081-2501-4
846:Baird, Spencer F.
525:Troglodytes aedon
339:. The species is
253:New World warbler
235:
234:
162:
68:
5259:
5207:
5206:
5194:
5193:
5181:
5180:
5168:
5167:
5155:
5154:
5142:
5141:
5129:
5128:
5116:
5115:
5103:
5102:
5090:
5089:
5077:
5076:
5064:
5063:
5051:
5050:
5038:
5037:
5028:
5027:
5015:
5014:
5002:
5001:
4989:
4988:
4976:
4975:
4966:
4965:
4953:
4952:
4940:
4939:
4937:4D08EE7E80D2E275
4927:
4926:
4914:
4913:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4843:
4842:
4453:Porphyrospizinae
3905:Catamblyrhynchus
3892:
3891:
3879:
3878:
3851:Xanthocephalinae
3556:
3546:
3536:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3422:Rhodinocichlidae
3388:Phaenicophilidae
3304:
2740:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2494:
2470:
2425:
2401:
2307:
2276:
2245:
2207:
2197:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2148:
2147:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1478:
1477:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1351:
1329:
1328:
1323:. Archived from
1307:
1301:
1300:
1295:. Archived from
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1052:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1004:
998:
997:
965:
959:
958:
941:
935:
934:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
880:
871:
870:
842:
836:
835:
817:
811:
810:
800:Boddaert, Pieter
796:
790:
789:
762:
756:
755:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
724:
694:
673:
658:
649:In a cavity nest
646:
604:in front of the
463:downy woodpecker
420:and the eastern
347:are recognised.
322:Motacilla citrea
229:
223:
211:
193:
157:
83:
82:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5202:
5197:
5189:
5184:
5176:
5171:
5163:
5158:
5150:
5147:Observation.org
5145:
5137:
5132:
5124:
5119:
5111:
5106:
5098:
5093:
5085:
5080:
5072:
5067:
5059:
5054:
5046:
5041:
5033:
5031:
5023:
5018:
5010:
5005:
4997:
4992:
4984:
4979:
4971:
4969:
4961:
4956:
4948:
4943:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4917:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4850:
4840:
4827:
4822:Wetmorethraupis
4752:Poecilostreptus
4618:
4521:
4501:
4474:
4447:
4329:
4309:
4268:
4220:
4186:
4082:
4048:
3937:
3932:Parkerthraustes
3916:Charitospizinae
3910:
3886:
3865:
3845:
3818:
3798:
3784:Dolichonychinae
3778:
3744:
3724:
3564:
3517:
3496:
3476:
3456:
3436:
3416:
3382:
3149:
3010:
2990:
2956:
2936:
2916:
2896:
2792:
2778:Calyptophilidae
2772:
2734:
2713:
2693:
2673:
2621:
2601:
2574:
2518:Rhynchostruthus
2310:Dysmorodrepanis
2155:
2134:
2114:
2087:
2073:Urocynchramidae
2067:
2047:
1929:
1856:
1773:
1718:
1648:Lagonostictinae
1642:
1559:
1532:
1485:
1472:
1428:
1422:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1320:National Review
1311:Miller, John J.
1308:
1304:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1240:. July 30, 2020
1232:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1173:
1169:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1135:Atwell, Leigh.
1133:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1114:. November 2017
1106:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1080:
1076:
1053:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1001:
966:
962:
955:
943:
942:
938:
931:
911:
907:
897:
895:
881:
874:
843:
839:
832:
818:
814:
797:
793:
763:
759:
741:
737:
727:
725:
695:
691:
687:
680:
674:
665:
659:
650:
647:
638:
594:
554:
549:
505:
459:
444:Central America
407:
398:
315:Pieter Boddaert
287:in 1779 in his
281:
231:
227:
225:
221:
202:
195:
189:
176:
156:
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
5265:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5195:
5182:
5169:
5156:
5143:
5130:
5117:
5104:
5091:
5078:
5065:
5052:
5039:
5029:
5016:
5003:
4990:
4977:
4967:
4954:
4941:
4928:
4915:
4902:
4891:
4876:
4860:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4787:Stephanophorus
4783:
4776:
4773:Schistochlamys
4769:
4762:
4759:Pseudosaltator
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4661:Chalcothraupis
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4609:
4606:Trichothraupis
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4543:Coryphospingus
4539:
4531:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4372:Kleinothraupis
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4283:Compsothraupis
4278:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4230:
4228:
4226:Hemithraupinae
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4196:
4194:
4192:Emberizoidinae
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4058:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3898:
3888:
3887:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3860:Xanthocephalus
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3542:
3531:
3529:
3527:incertae sedis
3519:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3404:Phaenicophilus
3400:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3213:Artemisiospiza
3209:
3202:
3195:
3192:Amphispizopsis
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2964:
2962:Mitrospingidae
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2828:Chlorothraupis
2824:
2821:Caryothraustes
2817:
2810:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2748:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2584:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2286:Coccothraustes
2282:
2272:
2269:Chrysocorythus
2265:
2262:Chlorodrepanis
2258:
2251:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1903:Onychostruthus
1899:
1896:Montifringilla
1892:
1889:Hypocryptadius
1885:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1664:Euschistospiza
1660:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1336:
1335:External links
1333:
1331:
1330:
1302:
1299:on 2006-08-30.
1275:
1268:
1250:
1225:
1210:
1186:
1167:
1152:
1124:
1099:
1092:
1074:
1042:
1023:
999:
980:(2): 753–770.
960:
953:
936:
929:
905:
872:
837:
830:
812:
791:
757:
735:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
678:Robert Ridgway
675:
668:
666:
660:
653:
651:
648:
641:
637:
634:
593:
590:
553:
550:
548:
545:
537:South Carolina
517:Molothrus ater
504:
501:
493:hooded warbler
472:The preferred
458:
455:
406:
403:
397:
394:
382:sister species
365:is from Latin
280:
277:
257:prothonotaries
233:
232:
226:
220:
213:
212:
204:
203:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
173:P. citrea
170:
168:
164:
163:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5264:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5026:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4844:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:Sporathraupis
4777:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4689:Cnemathraupis
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4564:Heliothraupis
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4527:Tachyphoninae
4524:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4507:Sporophilinae
4504:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4414:Pseudospingus
4411:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4344:Castanozoster
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4315:Orchesticinae
4312:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4256:Heterospingus
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4235:Chrysothlypis
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3730:Amblycercinae
3727:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3698:Pseudoleistes
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3670:Macroagelaius
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3559:Pyelorhamphus
3553:
3551:
3550:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3462:Teretistridae
3459:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3431:Rhodinocichla
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3241:Chlorospingus
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3155:Passerellidae
3152:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2996:Nesospingidae
2993:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:Periporphyrus
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2787:Calyptophilus
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2767:Rhynchophanes
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:Plectrophenax
2757:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2679:Peucedramidae
2676:
2670:
2669:
2668:Tmetothylacus
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:Dendronanthus
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2487:Pyrrhoplectes
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2082:Urocynchramus
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2028:Pseudonigrita
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1837:Stagonopleura
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1609:Glaucestrilda
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:Superfamily:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:Famous Trials
1286:
1279:
1271:
1269:0-89526-571-0
1265:
1261:
1254:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1214:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1156:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1095:
1093:0-8014-9600-4
1089:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1013:
1009:
1003:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
956:
950:
946:
940:
932:
926:
922:
918:
917:
909:
893:
889:
885:
879:
877:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
841:
833:
831:0-7136-3932-6
827:
823:
816:
808:
807:
801:
795:
787:
783:
780:(1765–1783).
779:
775:
771:
767:
761:
753:
749:
745:
739:
723:
718:
714:
710:
709:
704:
702:
693:
689:
679:
672:
667:
664:
657:
652:
645:
640:
639:
633:
631:
630:Potomac River
627:
626:bird-watching
622:
618:
617:Richard Nixon
613:
609:
607:
603:
599:
589:
588:
586:
581:
577:
573:
572:
566:
564:
563:
558:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
500:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
454:
451:
449:
448:South America
446:and northern
445:
441:
437:
434:The warblers
432:
430:
425:
423:
422:United States
419:
415:
412:
402:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:protonotarius
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
337:Spencer Baird
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
319:binomial name
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:
286:
276:
274:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
247:) is a small
246:
245:
240:
219:
214:
210:
205:
200:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
160:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:Passeriformes
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
61:
60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4911:Protonotaria
4855:
4820:
4813:
4808:Tephrophilus
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4724:Lophospingus
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4668:Chlorochrysa
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4633:Anisognathus
4631:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4592:Rhodospingus
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4536:Conothraupis
4534:
4514:
4496:Saltatricula
4494:
4487:
4480:Saltatorinae
4467:
4460:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4407:Poospizopsis
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4379:Microspingus
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4322:
4304:Sericossypha
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4261:
4254:
4249:Hemithraupis
4247:
4242:Chlorophanes
4240:
4233:
4213:
4208:Emberizoides
4206:
4201:Coryphaspiza
4199:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4125:Geospizopsis
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4041:
4034:
4029:Pinaroloxias
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3959:Camarhynchus
3957:
3950:
3930:
3925:Charitospiza
3923:
3903:
3858:
3838:
3831:
3824:Sturnellinae
3811:
3791:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3737:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3600:Amblyramphus
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3557:
3547:
3537:
3526:
3469:
3449:
3429:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3356:Spizelloides
3354:
3347:
3342:Rhynchospiza
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3276:Oreothraupis
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3123:Protonotaria
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3074:Limnothlypis
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3025:Basileuterus
3023:
3003:
2983:
2978:Mitrospingus
2976:
2969:
2949:
2909:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:Cardinalidae
2785:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2732:Emberizoidea
2699:Emberizoidea
2686:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:Motacillidae
2614:
2607:Fringillinae
2594:
2589:Chlorophonia
2587:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2497:Rhodacanthis
2495:
2485:
2478:
2473:Psittirostra
2471:
2463:Pseudonestor
2461:
2456:Procarduelis
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2416:
2409:
2404:Melamprosops
2402:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2338:Hesperiphona
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2236:
2229:
2224:Callacanthis
2222:
2215:
2208:
2198:
2190:Agraphospiza
2188:
2181:
2165:Fringillidae
2107:
2102:Anomalospiza
2100:
2080:
2060:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1823:Oreostruthus
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1685:Lagonosticta
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1595:Delacourella
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1552:
1545:
1538:Erythrurinae
1525:
1518:
1511:
1460:Infraorder:
1362:
1345:
1325:the original
1318:
1305:
1297:the original
1288:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1242:. Retrieved
1237:
1228:
1219:
1213:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1181:BirdWatching
1180:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1116:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1083:
1077:
1060:
1034:
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:
1002:
977:
973:
963:
944:
939:
915:
908:
896:. Retrieved
891:
849:
840:
821:
815:
804:
794:
785:
760:
751:
738:
726:. Retrieved
712:
706:
700:
692:
676:Painting by
661:Painting by
614:
610:
595:
583:
576:Aldo Leopold
569:
567:
560:
555:
524:
516:
506:
496:
488:
486:
471:
460:
452:
433:
426:
408:
399:
389:
375:
366:
362:
359:prothonotary
354:
349:
333:Protonotaria
332:
325:
321:
306:
298:
288:
282:
272:Protonotaria
271:
270:
265:
243:
242:
238:
236:
217:
190:
188:
172:
171:
153:Protonotaria
152:
151:
18:
5134:Neotropical
5108:NatureServe
5056:iNaturalist
4880:Wikispecies
4731:Neothraupis
4717:Ixothraupis
4710:Iridosornis
4654:Calochaetes
4599:Tachyphonus
4585:Ramphocelus
4442:Xenospingus
4435:Urothraupis
4386:Nephelornis
4365:Donacospiza
4351:Cnemoscopus
4335:Poospizinae
4324:Orchesticus
4290:Cyanicterus
4263:Iridophanes
4111:Conirostrum
4097:Acanthidops
4088:Diglossinae
4008:Melanospiza
3773:Psarocolius
3739:Amblycercus
3656:Hypopyrrhus
3649:Gymnomystax
3642:Gnorimopsar
3593:Agelasticus
3579:Agelaioides
3491:See below ↓
3471:Teretistris
3442:Spindalidae
3377:Zonotrichia
3290:Passerculus
3227:Calamospiza
3109:Oreothlypis
3095:Myiothlypis
3067:Leiothlypis
3053:Helmitheros
3039:Catharopeza
3005:Nesospingus
2971:Lamprospiza
2931:See below ↓
2902:Emberizidae
2849:Granatellus
2835:Cyanocompsa
2807:Amaurospiza
2744:Calcariidae
2708:See below ↓
2688:Peucedramus
2580:Euphoniinae
2504:Rhodopechys
2442:Paroreomyza
2428:Orthiospiza
2352:Leucosticte
2331:Hemignathus
2174:Carduelinae
2129:See below ↓
2053:Prunellidae
2014:Plocepasser
2007:Philetairus
1944:Amblyospiza
1851:Taeniopygia
1809:Heteromunia
1779:Poephilinae
1740:Lepidopygia
1724:Lonchurinae
1713:Uraeginthus
1706:Spermophaga
1588:Cryptospiza
1565:Estrildinae
1527:Ortygospiza
1504:Amandavinae
1495:Estrildidae
1483:Passeroidea
1468:Passeroidea
898:9 September
884:Gill, Frank
728:11 November
440:West Indies
396:Description
357:, meaning "
317:coined the
5221:Categories
5199:Xeno-canto
4745:Pipraeidea
4675:Chlorornis
4647:Buthraupis
4624:Thraupinae
4516:Sporophila
4469:Rhopospina
4428:Thlypopsis
4421:Sphenopsis
4274:Nemosiinae
4215:Embernagra
4181:Xenodacnis
4146:Melanodera
4132:Haplospiza
4036:Platyspiza
4015:Melopyrrha
4001:Loxipasser
3952:Asemospiza
3943:Coerebinae
3884:Thraupidae
3793:Dolichonyx
3766:Cassiculus
3750:Cassicinae
3719:Xanthopsar
3663:Lampropsar
3570:Agelaiinae
3549:Pandanaris
3482:Thraupidae
3397:Microligea
3363:Torreornis
3307:Pedinorhis
3297:Passerella
3248:Chondestes
3206:Arremonops
3185:Amphispiza
3171:Ammodramus
3046:Geothlypis
3032:Cardellina
2985:Orthogonys
2942:Icteriidae
2877:Pheucticus
2842:Cyanoloxia
2814:Cardinalis
2569:Xestospiza
2549:Vangulifer
2511:Rhodospiza
2418:Oreomystis
2324:Haemorhous
2248:Chloridops
2238:Carpodacus
2042:Sporopipes
1993:Histurgops
1972:Dinemellia
1965:Bubalornis
1958:Brachycope
1951:Anaplectes
1924:Pyrgilauda
1875:Carpospiza
1866:Passeridae
1844:Stizoptera
1788:Aidemosyne
1768:Spermestes
1754:Mayrimunia
1692:Pyrenestes
1657:Clytospiza
1637:Parmoptila
1623:Nesocharis
1581:Coccopygia
1454:Suborder:
1424:Genera of
1244:2022-12-26
1204:2022-12-26
1146:2022-12-26
1118:2022-12-26
1017:2020-09-30
1012:www.tn.gov
954:0756655749
685:References
612:Chambers.
602:Alger Hiss
547:In culture
529:endangered
521:house wren
509:parasitism
352:Late Latin
345:subspecies
5232:Parulidae
4613:Volatinia
4557:Eucometis
4550:Creurgops
4462:Incaspiza
4393:Piezorina
4358:Cypsnagra
4160:Phrygilus
4153:Nesospiza
4104:Catamenia
4063:Cyanerpes
4022:Phonipara
3994:Loxigilla
3980:Euneornis
3966:Certhidea
3840:Sturnella
3804:Icterinae
3712:Quiscalus
3705:Ptiloxena
3677:Molothrus
3614:Chrysomus
3539:Cremaster
3515:Icteridae
3451:Spindalis
3411:Xenoligea
3370:Xenospiza
3335:Pooecetes
3321:Pezopetes
3262:Melospiza
3234:Centronyx
3220:Atlapetes
3178:Ammospiza
3164:Aimophila
3144:Vermivora
3137:Setophaga
3102:Oporornis
3088:Myioborus
3081:Mniotilta
3060:Leucopeza
3016:Parulidae
2922:Icteridae
2863:Passerina
2753:Calcarius
2661:Motacilla
2616:Fringilla
2559:Viridonia
2539:Telespiza
2411:Mycerobas
2380:Loxioides
2345:Himatione
2293:Crithagra
2231:Carduelis
2217:Bucanetes
2200:Aidemedia
1979:Euplectes
1935:Ploceidae
1671:Granatina
1616:Mandingoa
1574:Brunhilda
1554:Erythrura
1462:Passerida
1436:Kingdom:
851:1853-1856
806:enluminés
341:monotypic
295:Louisiana
259:) in the
218:P. citrea
216:Range of
167:Species:
142:Parulidae
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
5113:2.100372
5100:22721765
5074:11218966
4950:22721765
4945:BirdLife
4865:Wikidata
4815:Thraupis
4794:Stilpnia
4738:Paroaria
4682:Cissopis
4578:Loriotus
4489:Saltator
4400:Poospiza
4167:Rowettia
4139:Idiopsar
4118:Diglossa
4054:Dacninae
3987:Geospiza
3691:Oreopsar
3684:Nesopsar
3635:Euphagus
3586:Agelaius
3349:Spizella
3283:Oriturus
3269:Melozone
3116:Parkesia
2911:Emberiza
2654:Macronyx
2596:Euphonia
2480:Pyrrhula
2449:Pinicola
2435:Palmeria
2366:Linurgus
2300:Drepanis
2279:Ciridops
2183:Acanthis
2093:Viduidae
2062:Prunella
2000:Malimbus
1917:Petronia
1882:Gymnoris
1830:Poephila
1816:Neochmia
1795:Bathilda
1747:Lonchura
1678:Hypargos
1602:Estrilda
1547:Chloebia
1520:Amandava
1444:Chordata
1442:Phylum:
1438:Animalia
994:20696258
848:(1858).
802:(1783).
746:(1779).
585:Jailbird
474:foraging
411:hardwood
279:Taxonomy
249:songbird
199:Boddaert
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
5025:2489871
4932:Avibase
4871:Q206535
4801:Tangara
4766:Rauenia
4703:Dubusia
4640:Bangsia
4297:Nemosia
4174:Sicalis
4077:Tersina
3973:Coereba
3833:Leistes
3813:Icterus
3759:Cacicus
3621:Curaeus
3607:Anumara
3314:Peucaea
3199:Arremon
3130:Seiurus
2951:Icteria
2884:Piranga
2525:Serinus
2394:Magumma
2359:Linaria
2317:Eophona
2255:Chloris
2210:Akialoa
2021:Ploceus
1802:Emblema
1733:Euodice
1699:Pytilia
1630:Nigrita
1513:Amadina
1456:Passeri
1448:Class:
1260:Witness
1238:HISTORY
1112:BirdWeb
923:, 318.
636:Gallery
621:perjury
580:woodlot
511:by the
478:insects
438:in the
418:Ontario
371:citrine
367:citreus
305:in the
251:of the
201:, 1783)
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
38:Female
5191:422650
5178:285212
5139:prowar
5126:182944
5087:178846
5032:GNAB:
5007:EURING
4999:prowar
4973:prowar
4919:ARKive
4899:prowar
4070:Dacnis
4043:Tiaris
3328:Pipilo
2640:Anthus
2532:Spinus
2387:Loxops
2035:Quelea
1986:Foudia
1910:Passer
1266:
1090:
992:
951:
927:
828:
533:Canada
503:Status
482:snails
436:winter
429:Belize
414:swamps
363:citrea
228:
222:
161:, 1858
5186:WoRMS
5152:78559
5069:IRMNG
5061:10729
5012:17610
4994:eBird
4986:4N6GN
4970:BOW:
4963:16871
4696:Diuca
4571:Lanio
3628:Dives
3255:Junco
2891:Spiza
2856:Habia
2373:Loxia
2109:Vidua
1761:Padda
497:seeep
467:nests
343:, no
330:genus
268:genus
159:Baird
5160:ODNR
5121:NCBI
5095:IUCN
5082:ITIS
5020:GBIF
4958:BOLD
1450:Aves
1264:ISBN
1088:ISBN
990:PMID
949:ISBN
925:ISBN
900:2019
859:xxxi
826:ISBN
730:2021
713:2016
600:and
480:and
237:The
122:Aves
5043:IBC
4981:CoL
4906:ADW
4895:ABA
1065:doi
982:doi
921:109
867:239
863:235
855:xix
717:doi
574:by
539:'s
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