39:
427:
234:
298:
555:
469:. In 1681, King Charles II had granted Penn a substantial but rather vague proprietorship to the north of Maryland. Penn, however, began building his capital city south of the 40th Parallel, in Maryland territory. Penn and Calvert met twice to negotiate a settlement, but were unable to reach agreement.
627:
The
Protestant Revolution ended Maryland's experiment with religious toleration. Religious laws were backed up with harsh sanctions. In the early 18th century Marylanders who "should utter any profane words concerning the Holy Trinity" would find themselves "bored through the tongue and fined twenty
527:
Sensibly, Calvert moved quickly to support the new regime, sending a messenger to
Maryland to proclaim the new King and Queen. Unfortunately for Lord Baltimore, the messenger died during the journey, and a second envoy – if one was ever sent, as Calvert would later claim that it was – never arrived.
321:
From 1669–1689, of 27 men who sat on the
Governor's Council, just eight were Protestant. Most councillors were Catholics, and many were related by blood or marriage to the Calverts, enjoying political patronage and often lucrative offices such as commands in the militia or sinecures in the Land
348:
Much conflict between
Calvert and his subjects turned on the question of how far English law should be applied in Maryland and to what degree the proprietary government might exercise its own prerogative outside of the law. Delegates to the assembly wished to establish the "full force and power" of
531:
While the other colonies in quick succession proclaimed the new sovereigns, Maryland hesitated. The delay was fatal to
Baltimore's charter, and in 1691 Maryland became a royal province. Baltimore, however, was still permitted to receive the revenues in the form of quitrents and excises from his
448:
By this time, the political fabric of the province was starting to tear. The governor of
Virginia reported that "Maryland is now in torment ... and in great danger of falling in pieces". Relations between the governing council and the assembly grew increasingly strained. Underlying much of the
282:
In 1666, neighbouring
Virginia proposed a "stint" on tobacco growing – a one-year moratorium that would lower supply and so drive up prices. Calvert initially agreed to this plan, but came to realize that the burden of the stint would fall chiefly upon his poorest subjects, who comprised "the
372:
In 1675, the elder Lord
Baltimore died, and Charles Calvert, now 38 years old, returned to London in order to be elevated to his barony. His political enemies took the opportunity of his absence to launch a scathing attack on the proprietorial government, publishing a pamphlet in 1676 titled
249:, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, a law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians. Passed on September 21, 1649, by the assembly of the Maryland colony, it was the first law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies.
278:
Charles
Calvert's rule as governor was aggravated by growing economic problems. From the 1660s onwards, the price of tobacco, the staple crop of Maryland and its chief source of export income, began a long slide, causing economic hardship especially among the poor.
484:
Calvert left the province in the care of his nephew George Talbot, whom he made acting governor, placing him at the head of the
Governor's Council. Unfortunately Talbot proved to be a poor choice, stabbing to death a Royal customs official on board his ship in the
395:
Calvert's response to these challenges was defiant. He hanged two of the would-be rebels and moved to re-assert Maryland's religious diversity. His written response illustrates the difficulties facing his administration; Calvert wrote that Maryland settlers were
220:
The Protestant Revolution also saw the effective end of Maryland's early experiments with religious toleration, as Catholicism was outlawed and Catholics forbidden from holding public office. Religious toleration would not be restored in Maryland until after the
412:, those of the Church of England as well as the Romish being the fewest ...It would be a most difficult task to draw such persons to consent unto a Law which shall compel them to maintaine ministers of a contrary perswasion to themselves".
317:
British colony. Political power, however, tended to remain concentrated in the hands of the largely Roman Catholic elite. In spite of this demographic shift away from Catholicism, Calvert attempted to preserve Maryland's Catholic identity.
363:
In 1676, he directed the voters to return half as many delegates to the assembly, two instead of four. Measures like these might make the assembly easier to manage, but they tended to strain relations between Calvert and his subjects.
349:
the law, but Calvert, ever protective of his prerogative, insisted that only he and his councillors might decide where and when English law should apply. Such uncertainty could and did permit the charge of arbitrary government.
283:
generality of the province". Eventually, he vetoed the bill, much to the disgust of the Virginians, though in the end Nature provided a stint of her own in the form of a hurricane which devastated the 1667 tobacco crop.
449:
rancour was the continued slide in the price of tobacco, which by the 1680s had fallen 50% in 30 years. In 1681 Baltimore also faced personal tragedy; his eldest son and heir, Cecil, died leaving his second son
445:, who would later lead the successful rebellion of 1689. Fendall was tried, convicted, fined forty thousand pounds of tobacco and exiled, but his co-conspirator Coode successfully escaped retribution.
256:, who had founded Maryland partly as a refuge for English Catholics, sought enactment of the law to protect Catholic settlers and those of other religions that did not conform to the dominant
593:. Darnall, heavily outnumbered, later wrote: "Wee being in this condition and no hope left of quieting the people thus enraged, to prevent effusion of blood, capitulated and surrendered."
388:, complaining that Maryland was "in a deplorable condition" and had become "a sodom of uncleanliness and a pesthouse of iniquity". This was taken sufficiently seriously in London that the
1058:
437:
In 1679, Charles and Jane celebrated a second son, Benedict. But two years later, in 1681, Lord Baltimore once again faced rebellion, led by a former governor of the province
1930:
508:
In England, events now began to move decisively against the Calverts and their political interests. In 1688, the country underwent what would later become known as the
1051:
38:
496:, who would also prove controversial. In November 1688, Joseph set about offending local opinion by lecturing his Maryland subjects on morality, adultery and the
1074:
573:
Protestants, angry at the apparent lack of official support for the new King and Queen, and resentful of the preferment of Catholics like deputy governor and
1976:
481:, both to defend himself in the dispute with Penn as well as to answer charges that he favoured Catholics in the colony. He would never return to Maryland.
570:. Governor Joseph did not improve the situation by refusing to convene the assembly and, ominously, recalling weapons from storage, ostensibly for repair.
1044:
581:
to official positions of power, began to arm themselves. In the summer of 1689, an army of seven hundred Puritan citizen soldiers, led by Colonel
566:, by now a substantial majority in the colony, feeding on rumors from England and fearing Popish plots, began to organize rebellion against the
1961:
1594:
1322:
1088:
596:
After this "Glorious Protestant Revolution" in Maryland, the victorious Coode and his Puritan allies set up a new government that outlawed
356:
to men who owned 50 acres (200,000 m) or more or held property worth more than 40 pounds. He also restricted election to Maryland's
1935:
604:. In 1704, an Act was passed "to prevent the growth of Popery in this Province", preventing Catholics from holding political office.
245:
Maryland had long practiced an uneasy form of religious tolerance among different groups of Christians. In 1649, Maryland passed the
94:
1734:
1400:
524:
were installed on the throne. This triumph of the Protestant faction would cause Calvert considerable political difficulties.
1897:
1083:
917:
890:
830:
800:
773:
731:
697:
450:
430:
125:
1617:
644:
198:
179:
1036:
1981:
1027:
1004:
981:
958:
582:
574:
545:
442:
292:
163:
109:
1487:
461:
Adding to his difficulties, Lord Baltimore found himself embroiled in a serious conflict over land boundaries with
273:
611:, was appointed on July 27, 1691. Charles Calvert himself would never return to Maryland, and worse, his family's
1986:
532:
sometime colony. Maryland remained a royal colony till 1715, when it passed back into the hands of the Calverts.
384:
happy with Maryland's experiment in religious tolerance. The Anglican minister John Yeo wrote scathingly to the
1966:
1162:
640:
1991:
1715:
1505:
1257:
1019:
352:
Calvert acted in various ways to restrain the influence of the Protestant majority. In 1670, he restricted
600:; Catholics would thereafter be forced to maintain secret chapels in their home in order to celebrate the
1534:
1529:
1510:
1481:
1239:
1167:
357:
309:
By the time Charles Calvert became governor, the population of the province had gradually shifted due to
1971:
1758:
1709:
1556:
1233:
648:
426:
1956:
1827:
1810:
1792:
1561:
493:
1851:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
590:
385:
377:, listing numerous grievances and in particular complaining of the lack of an established church.
1846:
1196:
246:
238:
233:
1763:
1370:
1364:
1156:
517:
489:, and thereby ensuring that his uncle suffered immediate difficulties on his return to London.
401:
190:
907:
1856:
1679:
1178:
1172:
880:
820:
790:
763:
746:
721:
687:
497:
615:
to the colony was withdrawn in 1689. Henceforth, Maryland would be administered directly by
1909:
1822:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1475:
1269:
1263:
567:
343:
175:
167:
64:
1066:
8:
1673:
1573:
1499:
1202:
1137:
973:
636:
541:
513:
509:
222:
202:
186:
30:
1703:
1611:
1406:
1214:
1208:
1105:
608:
549:
521:
261:
210:
194:
114:
1891:
1885:
1816:
1739:
1469:
1375:
1110:
1023:
1000:
977:
954:
913:
886:
826:
796:
769:
727:
693:
629:
381:
847:
1802:
1417:
1386:
1148:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1567:
1292:
1131:
339:
302:
206:
1873:
1539:
1307:
1188:
1071:
601:
486:
438:
433:, second son of Charles Calvert, who would later become the 4th Baron Baltimore
421:
322:
Office. In response, Maryland Protestants quickly organized into anti-Catholic
253:
1950:
1903:
1879:
1786:
1781:
1411:
1356:
1298:
1097:
612:
578:
397:
389:
130:
375:
A Complaint from Heaven with a Hue and Crye ... out of Maryland and Virginia
1667:
1521:
1493:
1461:
1345:
1225:
1122:
1116:
466:
462:
213:, and for the next 25 years, Maryland would be ruled directly by the
1394:
651:
would guarantee freedom of worship for all Americans for the first time.
632:
as its official church in 1702 and barred Catholics from voting in 1718.
597:
586:
405:
327:
257:
1603:
314:
635:
Full religious toleration would not be restored in Maryland until the
228:
1579:
1339:
996:
950:
616:
535:
503:
297:
214:
174:, by then a substantial majority in the colony, revolted against the
1773:
1750:
1628:
1249:
993:
Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782
792:
Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500-1782
563:
353:
323:
171:
89:
558:
Henry Darnall, Deputy Governor of Maryland, was overthrown in 1689
554:
478:
409:
310:
392:
directed Calvert to respond to the complaints made against him.
1653:
607:
John Coode would remain in power until the new royal governor,
360:
to those who owned at least 1,000 acres (400 ha) of land.
241:
of 1649 allowed Catholics freedom of worship for 40 years
1726:
492:
Calvert's replacement for Talbot was another Roman Catholic,
465:, engaging in a dispute over the border between Maryland and
1931:
List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America
1838:
1428:
1331:
1067:
643:, arguably the wealthiest Catholic in Maryland, signed the
472:
500:, lambasting the colony as "a land full of adulterers".
189:" in England of 1688, which saw the Protestant monarchs
628:
pounds" for a first offence. Maryland established the
589:", defeated a proprietarial army, led by the Catholic
456:
453:
as the heir presumptive to the Calvert inheritance.
229:
Events leading to the Protestant Revolution of 1689
536:1689 Protestant Revolution in Province of Maryland
504:The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights
313:immigration, becoming, in time, an overwhelmingly
166:, took place in the summer of 1689 in the English
970:The Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties: A–F
301:Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, painted by
1948:
909:Unholy Writ: An Infidel'S Critique of the Bible
814:
812:
757:
755:
715:
713:
711:
709:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
1052:
1977:History of Christianity in the United States
809:
752:
740:
706:
660:
1059:
1045:
885:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 78.
415:
1936:Mass racial violence in the United States
967:
947:Maryland, a Middle Temperament: 1634–1980
822:Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634-1980
765:Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634-1980
723:Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634-1980
689:Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 1634-1980
874:
872:
870:
868:
819:Brugger, Robert J. (25 September 1996).
762:Brugger, Robert J. (25 September 1996).
720:Brugger, Robert J. (25 September 1996).
686:Brugger, Robert J. (25 September 1996).
553:
516:was deposed and the Protestant monarchs
425:
296:
232:
1016:Loyal Protestants and Dangerous Papists
990:
944:
905:
818:
788:
761:
719:
685:
1949:
906:Drolsum, T. Joyner (7 November 2011).
473:Lord Baltimore's departure for England
367:
1962:Anti-Catholicism in the United States
1040:
1013:
878:
865:
16:Rebellion in the Province of Maryland
645:American Declaration of Independence
286:
267:
180:Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore
1075:in the history of the United States
789:Hoffman, Ronald (1 February 2002).
13:
1898:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
14:
2003:
1886:Washington D.C. Know-Nothing Riot
845:
546:John Coode (Governor of Maryland)
512:, during which the Catholic King
457:Border conflict with Pennsylvania
333:
293:William Stone (Maryland governor)
1618:San Francisco Vigilance Movement
1488:Destruction of Pennsylvania Hall
1401:New York anti-abolitionist riots
1287:Protestant Revolution (Maryland)
879:Roark, Elisabeth Louise (2003).
639:, when Darnall's great-grandson
477:In 1684, Baltimore travelled to
274:Tobacco in the American Colonies
37:
1735:Bath anti-Catholic riot of 1854
938:
926:
795:. UNC Press Books. p. 87.
899:
839:
782:
1:
1892:New Orleans Know-Nothing Riot
1163:New York Slave Revolt of 1712
654:
641:Charles Carroll of Carrollton
1530:1824 Hard Scrabble race riot
1506:Muncy Abolition riot of 1842
1258:Gloucester County Conspiracy
1020:University of Virginia Press
912:. AuthorHouse. p. 356.
185:The rebellion followed the "
7:
1511:Philadelphia nativist riots
1240:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
1168:New York Conspiracy of 1741
882:Artists of Colonial America
10:
2008:
1759:Know-Nothing Riots of 1856
1710:Marais des Cygnes massacre
1704:Battles of Franklin's Fort
1557:1811 German Coast uprising
1234:Philadelphia Election riot
649:United States Constitution
539:
419:
337:
290:
271:
162:after one of its leaders,
1982:Protestantism in Maryland
1923:
1866:
1837:
1828:New York City draft riots
1811:New York City Police riot
1801:
1793:Detroit race riot of 1863
1772:
1749:
1725:
1652:
1627:
1602:
1593:
1549:
1520:
1460:
1427:
1385:
1355:
1330:
1321:
1279:
1248:
1224:
1187:
1147:
1096:
1082:
825:. JHU Press. p. 39.
768:. JHU Press. p. 37.
726:. JHU Press. p. 38.
692:. JHU Press. p. 35.
622:
139:
100:
83:
47:
36:
28:
23:
1852:Cincinnati riots of 1855
1535:1831 Snow Town race riot
1452:Cincinnati riots of 1841
1447:Cincinnati riots of 1836
1442:Cincinnati riots of 1829
386:Archbishop of Canterbury
1847:Cincinnati riot of 1853
945:Brugger, R. J. (1996).
416:Protestant conspiracies
247:Maryland Toleration Act
239:Maryland Toleration Act
1987:Puritanism in Maryland
1764:Baltimore riot of 1861
1562:Nat Turner's Rebellion
1482:Philadelphia race riot
1371:Abolition Riot of 1836
1365:Ursuline Convent riots
968:Finkelman, P. (2006).
587:Protestant Associators
568:proprietary government
559:
434:
306:
242:
209:lost control of their
176:proprietary government
101:Commanders and leaders
43:A 1685 map of Maryland
1857:Battle of Fort Fizzle
1787:Detroit brothel riots
1680:Pottawatomie massacre
1209:War of the Regulation
1173:Battle of Golden Hill
557:
498:divine right of kings
429:
300:
236:
156:Protestant Revolution
24:Protestant Revolution
1967:Province of Maryland
1910:Southern bread riots
1823:Buffalo riot of 1862
1698:Battle of Osawatomie
1692:Battle of Fort Titus
1686:Battle of Black Jack
1437:1792 Cincinnati riot
1270:Chesapeake rebellion
1197:Culpeper's Rebellion
991:Hoffman, R. (2002).
974:Taylor & Francis
562:Meanwhile, Maryland
344:Battle of the Severn
178:led by the Catholic
168:Province of Maryland
65:Province of Maryland
1992:Glorious Revolution
1716:Battle of the Spurs
1674:Sacking of Lawrence
1574:Baltimore bank riot
1500:Lombard Street riot
1157:Leisler's Rebellion
1018:. Charlottesville:
852:www.usahistory.info
848:"Colonial Maryland"
637:American Revolution
542:Glorious Revolution
514:James II of England
510:Glorious Revolution
368:Religious conflicts
223:American Revolution
187:Glorious Revolution
31:Glorious Revolution
1407:Flour riot of 1837
1215:Battle of Alamance
1179:1788 doctors' riot
1106:1689 Boston revolt
1014:Sutto, A. (2015).
609:Nehemiah Blakiston
560:
550:Nehemiah Blakiston
522:Mary II of England
435:
358:House of Delegates
307:
264:and her colonies.
243:
211:proprietary colony
115:Nehemiah Blakiston
1972:Conflicts in 1689
1944:
1943:
1919:
1918:
1817:Dead Rabbits riot
1782:1849 Detroit riot
1740:Portland Rum Riot
1589:
1588:
1476:Fries's Rebellion
1470:Whiskey Rebellion
1376:Broad Street Riot
1317:
1316:
1264:Bacon's Rebellion
1111:Boston bread riot
919:978-1-4567-9571-9
892:978-0-313-32023-1
832:978-0-8018-5465-1
802:978-0-8078-5347-4
775:978-0-8018-5465-1
733:978-0-8018-5465-1
699:978-0-8018-5465-1
630:Church of England
382:Church of England
287:Religion problems
268:Economic problems
160:Coode's Rebellion
152:
151:
79:
78:
1999:
1957:1689 in Maryland
1600:
1599:
1418:Astor Place Riot
1328:
1327:
1203:Cary's Rebellion
1138:Shays' Rebellion
1094:
1093:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1010:
987:
964:
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441:(1657–1660) and
431:Benedict Calvert
380:Neither was the
199:English Catholic
126:Benedict Calvert
49:
48:
41:
21:
20:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
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1996:
1947:
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1940:
1915:
1862:
1833:
1797:
1768:
1745:
1721:
1662:Bleeding Kansas
1648:
1643:Charleston riot
1637:Lager Beer Riot
1623:
1612:Squatters' riot
1585:
1568:Blackburn Riots
1545:
1516:
1456:
1423:
1381:
1351:
1313:
1293:Stono Rebellion
1275:
1244:
1220:
1183:
1143:
1132:Boston Massacre
1087:
1078:
1065:
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1007:
995:. Chapel Hill:
984:
972:. Milton Park:
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340:Plundering Time
338:Main articles:
336:
303:John Closterman
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207:Lords Baltimore
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119:
75:Puritan victory
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1874:Erie Gauge War
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1540:Dorr Rebellion
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1308:Pine Tree Riot
1305:
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1189:North Carolina
1185:
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1123:
1117:Knowles Riot
1084:Colonial era
1072:civil unrest
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29:Part of the
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1876:(1853–1854)
1789:(1855–1859)
1664:(1854–1861)
1620:(1851–1856)
1542:(1841–1842)
1478:(1799–1800)
1472:(1791–1794)
1414:(1839–1845)
1395:Eggnog riot
1211:(1765–1771)
1159:(1689–1691)
1140:(1786–1787)
1113:(1710–1713)
1077:(1607–1865)
598:Catholicism
406:Anabaptists
328:associators
258:Anglicanism
191:William III
1951:Categories
1604:California
857:13 October
655:References
583:John Coode
443:John Coode
315:Protestant
272:See also:
164:John Coode
110:John Coode
1595:1849–1865
1580:Snow Riot
1340:Honey War
1323:1789–1849
1089:1776–1789
997:UNC Press
951:JHU Press
932:Finkelman
617:the Crown
95:Catholics
55:1689–1692
1803:New York
1774:Michigan
1751:Maryland
1629:Illinois
1387:New York
1250:Virginia
1149:New York
577:Colonel
564:Puritans
451:Benedict
354:suffrage
324:militias
201:monarch
172:Puritans
140:Strength
90:Puritans
60:Location
1924:Related
1124:Liberty
591:planter
575:planter
479:England
410:Quakers
311:Puritan
262:England
195:Mary II
148:Unknown
1912:(1863)
1906:(1862)
1900:(1859)
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1882:(1855)
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1397:(1826)
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1342:(1839)
1310:(1772)
1304:(1772)
1302:affair
1300:Gaspee
1295:(1739)
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1280:Others
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548:, and
408:, and
205:. The
72:Result
1727:Maine
1068:Riots
170:when
1839:Ohio
1429:Ohio
1332:Iowa
1070:and
1024:ISBN
1001:ISBN
978:ISBN
955:ISBN
914:ISBN
887:ISBN
859:2015
827:ISBN
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728:ISBN
694:ISBN
602:Mass
520:and
342:and
252:The
237:The
193:and
154:The
52:Date
330:".
260:of
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