344:
287:
52:
Tunnelling is an effective tactic against developments as the time and cost of removing protestors from them can be prohibitive; it is comparatively easy for
175:
60:
built by protestors. Construction machinery cannot drive on ground that has been tunnelled without a risk to the protestors within.
33:
Protest tunnelling has been utilised by protestors since the 1990s in the United
Kingdom. Protests against the construction of the
359:
243:
213:
109:
369:
49:
was the last to emerge from the tunnel built to protest the A30, having been underground for seven days.
260:
315:
46:
364:
30:. It is typically used against the development of new road and transport infrastructure projects.
123:
115:
8:
102:
96:
64:
239:
209:
72:
235:
The
Policing of Protest, Disorder and International Terrorism in the UK since 1945
233:
203:
42:
89:
34:
353:
292:
265:
180:
138:
127:
201:
76:
57:
134:
119:
68:
176:"On Swampy ground: a brief history of protest tunnelling in the UK"
38:
16:
Form of protest involving the construction of subterranean tunnels
101:
March 1999 — To protest a planned leisure complex development in
53:
23:
27:
316:"Swynnerton HS2 protesters emerge after 47 days underground"
63:
The construction of tunnels to protest was inspired by the
202:
Benjamin Seel; Matthew
Paterson; Brian Doherty (2000).
288:"HS2 protesters dig 100ft tunnel under London park"
118:by HS2 Rebellion to protest the construction of a
351:
195:
280:
258:
173:
114:2021 — A 100 ft tunnel was built under
231:
227:
225:
26:involving the construction of subterranean
169:
167:
165:
163:
161:
159:
157:
155:
82:
252:
205:Direct Action in British Environmentalism
108:2013 — A tunnel was built to protest the
222:
133:2022 — A 40m long tunnel was built near
20:Protest tunnelling in the United Kingdom
152:
352:
308:
13:
122:that would serve the expansion of
95:1997 — Against a second runway at
14:
381:
338:
208:. Psychology Press. p. 151.
56:to remove ground encampments and
261:"Eco-warriors join middle class"
174:Diane Taylor (27 January 2021).
232:Peter Joyce (6 February 2017).
360:Protests in the United Kingdom
259:Helen Carter (11 March 1999).
1:
345:Disco Dave's tunnelling guide
145:
110:Bexhill-to-Hastings Link Road
137:as part of protests against
7:
45:used tunnels. The activist
10:
386:
238:. Springer. p. 110.
37:and the extension of the
83:Notable protest tunnels
124:Euston railway station
116:Euston Square Gardens
370:Tunnel construction
103:Crystal Palace Park
97:Manchester Airport
296:. 27 January 2021
245:978-1-137-29059-5
215:978-0-415-24246-2
377:
332:
331:
329:
327:
312:
306:
305:
303:
301:
284:
278:
277:
275:
273:
256:
250:
249:
229:
220:
219:
199:
193:
192:
190:
188:
171:
385:
384:
380:
379:
378:
376:
375:
374:
365:Protest tactics
350:
349:
341:
336:
335:
325:
323:
314:
313:
309:
299:
297:
286:
285:
281:
271:
269:
257:
253:
246:
230:
223:
216:
200:
196:
186:
184:
172:
153:
148:
85:
43:Fairmile, Devon
17:
12:
11:
5:
383:
373:
372:
367:
362:
348:
347:
340:
339:External links
337:
334:
333:
322:. 25 June 2022
307:
279:
251:
244:
221:
214:
194:
150:
149:
147:
144:
143:
142:
131:
112:
106:
99:
93:
90:Newbury bypass
84:
81:
65:Củ Chi tunnels
35:Newbury bypass
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
382:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
355:
346:
343:
342:
321:
317:
311:
295:
294:
289:
283:
268:
267:
262:
255:
247:
241:
237:
236:
228:
226:
217:
211:
207:
206:
198:
183:
182:
177:
170:
168:
166:
164:
162:
160:
158:
156:
151:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
111:
107:
104:
100:
98:
94:
91:
87:
86:
80:
78:
74:
73:Tết Offensive
70:
67:built by the
66:
61:
59:
55:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
29:
25:
22:is a form of
21:
324:. Retrieved
319:
310:
298:. Retrieved
293:The Guardian
291:
282:
270:. Retrieved
266:The Guardian
264:
254:
234:
204:
197:
185:. Retrieved
181:The Guardian
179:
139:High Speed 2
128:High Speed 2
92:in Berkshire
62:
51:
32:
19:
18:
77:Vietnam War
71:'s for the
58:tree houses
354:Categories
300:28 January
272:28 January
187:28 January
146:References
135:Swynnerton
120:taxi rank
79:in 1968.
69:Viet Cong
320:BBC News
105:, London
54:bailiffs
39:A30 road
326:28 June
88:1996 —
75:of the
28:tunnels
24:protest
242:
212:
47:Swampy
328:2022
302:2021
274:2021
240:ISBN
210:ISBN
189:2021
126:for
41:in
356::
318:.
290:.
263:.
224:^
178:.
154:^
330:.
304:.
276:.
248:.
218:.
191:.
141:.
130:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.