477:
181:
1457:
234:
1512:, the U.S. housing market saw a significant rise in home prices, driven by a severe supply-demand imbalance. The pandemic disrupted supply chains and slowed housing construction, leading to a shortage of available homes. This shortage, coupled with increased borrowing costs due to the Federal Reserve's interest rate hikes, contributed to the soaring prices. Experts note that the current price increases are based on market fundamentals rather than speculative behavior, highlighting the ongoing issue of housing affordability.
1168:
744:
466:
1394:
4351:
624:
1493:
Stricter underwriting standards have limited the pool of potential homebuyers to those who are most qualified and most likely to be able to pay loans back. The demand this time is based more closely on market fundamentals. And the price growth we’ve experienced recently is 'real.' Or 'more real.'" Other recent research indicates that mid-level managers in securitized finance did not exhibit awareness of problems in overall housing markets.
369:
79:
4377:
38:
4364:
700:, a comparison of median home prices to median household income suggests that U.S. housing in 2005 was overvalued by 10%. "However, this estimate is based on an average mortgage rate of about 6%, and we expect rates to rise", the firm's economics team wrote in a recent report. According to Goldman's figures, a one-percentage-point rise in mortgage rates would reduce the fair value of home prices by 8%.
2117:
569:, namely it does not affect the consumption behavior of households not looking to sell. The house price becoming compensation for the higher implicit rent costs for owning. Increasing house prices can have a negative effect on consumption through increased rent inflation and a higher propensity to save given expected rent increase.
653:
expensive houses are relative to what most people can afford, and the debt component measures how indebted households become in buying them for home or profit (and also how much exposure the banks accumulate by lending for them). A basic summary of the progress of housing indicators for U.S. cities is provided by
1301:
By 2006, most areas of the world were thought to be in a bubble state, although this hypothesis, based upon the observation of similar patterns in real estate markets of a wide variety of countries, was subject to controversy. Such patterns include those of overvaluation and, by extension, excessive
827:
Bubbles can be determined when an increase in housing prices is higher than the rise in rents. In the US, rent between 1984 and 2013 has risen steadily at about 3% per year, whereas between 1997 and 2002 housing prices rose 6% per year. Between 2011 and the third quarter of 2013, housing prices rose
1504:
investors and private equity firms purchase single-family homes in hopes of renting them out while waiting for a housing rebound. Due to the policies of QE3, mortgage interest rates have been hovering at an all-time low, causing real estate values to rise. Home prices have risen unnaturally as much
1285:
In France, the economist
Jacques Friggit publishes each year a study called "Evolution of the price, value and number of property sales in France since the 19th century", showing a high price increase since 2001. Yet, the existence of a real estate bubble in France is discussed by economists. Real
781:
is the ratio of mortgage payments to disposable income. When the ratio gets too high, households become increasingly dependent on rising property values to service their debt. A variant of this indicator measures total home ownership costs, including mortgage payments, utilities and property taxes,
2471:"Headlines in the financial press ranged from “Property slowdown fuels China fears” to “China property correction would be painful, but salutary” (Financial Times, 2014e, p. 3). Housing demand has been increasing due to higher incomes, rapid urbanization and China’s rural urban migration strategy"
533:
activities rather than other investments. A land value tax removes financial incentives to hold unused land solely for price appreciation, making more land available for productive uses. At sufficiently high levels, land value tax would cause real estate prices to fall by removing land rents that
728:
measures the ratio of the actual monthly cost of the mortgage to take-home income. It is used more in the United
Kingdom where nearly all mortgages are variable and pegged to bank lending rates. It offers a much more realistic measure of the ability of households to afford housing than the crude
652:
led to or at least accompanied crashes), one can make an educated guess as to whether a given real estate market is experiencing a bubble. Indicators describe two interwoven aspects of housing bubble: a valuation component and a debt (or leverage) component. The valuation component measures how
492:
bubbles are persistent, systematic and increasing deviations of actual prices from their fundamental values. Real estate bubbles can be difficult to identify even as they are occurring, due to the difficulty of discerning the intrinsic value of real estate. As with other medium and long range
1492:
writer Lisa
Sturtevant thinks that her audience will buy articles telling them that the housing market of 2013 was not indicative of a housing bubble. "A critical difference between the current market and the overheated market of the middle of last decade is the nature of the mortgage market.
1045:
fundamentals; one rarely sees an unsustainable "rent bubble" (or "income bubble" for that matter). Therefore a rapid increase of home prices combined with a flat renting market can signal the onset of a bubble. The U.S. price-rent ratio was 18% higher than its long-run average as of
October
738:
measures the ratio of the median house price to the median annual household income. This measure has historically hovered around a value of 3.0 or less, but in recent years has risen dramatically, especially in markets with severe public policy constraints on land and
603:, for instance; or (ii) speculate by buying property with borrowed money in the expectation that it will rise in value. When the bubble bursts, the value of the property decreases but not the level of debt. The burden of repaying or defaulting on the loan depresses
1119:
1027:
316:
such as housing until they reach unsustainable levels and then declines. This period, during the run-up to the crash, is also known as froth. The questions of whether real estate bubbles can be identified and prevented, and whether they have broader
592:. These are then argued to cause financial and hence economic crises. This is first argued empirically – numerous real estate bubbles have been followed by economic slumps, and it is argued that there is a cause-effect relationship between these.
949:
729:
price to income ratio. However it is more difficult to calculate, and hence the price-to-income ratio is still more commonly used by pundits. In recent years, lending practices have relaxed, allowing greater multiples of income to be borrowed.
1132:
Because rents are received throughout the year rather than at its end, both the gross and net rental yields calculated by the above are somewhat less than the true rental yields obtained when taking into account the monthly nature of rental
636:, 2d ed. Shiller shows that inflation adjusted U.S. home prices increased 0.4% per year from 1890–2004, and 0.7% per year from 1940–2004, whereas U.S. census data from 1940–2004 shows that the self-assessed value increased 2% per year.
1041:; in other terms it measures how much the buyer is paying for each dollar of received rent income (or dollar saved from rent spending). Rents, just like corporate and personal incomes, are generally tied very closely to
851:(which must eventually rise again as the economy heats up) or that home loans are awarded more liberally, to borrowers with poor credit. Therefore, a high ownership ratio combined with an increased rate of
2544:
2877:
616:
522:
can be used to identify real estate bubbles. Some argue further that governments and central banks can and should take action to prevent bubbles from forming, or to deflate existing bubbles.
1064:
511:
of the Case–Shiller Home Price Index of home prices in 20 metro cities across the United States indicated on May 31, 2011 that a "Home Price Double Dip
Confirmed" and British magazine
715:; if the down payment becomes too high then those buyers may find themselves "priced out" of the market. For example, as of 2004 this ratio was equal to one year of income in the UK.
981:
1129:
deducts the landlord's expenses (and sometimes estimated rental voids) from the gross rent before doing the above calculation; this is the reciprocal of the house P/E ratio.
1158:
brought about by speculative construction and purchase. In this context, supply-and-demand numbers can be misleading: sales demand exceeds supply, but rent demand does not.
899:
721:
calls the "housing affordability index" in its publications. (The soundness of the NAR's methodology was questioned by some analysts as it does not account for inflation.).
1146:) is the number of occupied housing units divided by the total number of units in a given region (in commercial real estate, usually expressed in terms of area (i.e. in
648:
that can be used to evaluate whether homes in a given area are fairly valued. By comparing current levels to previous levels that have proven unsustainable in the past (
599:
takes a demand-side view, arguing that property owners not only feel richer but borrow to (i) consume against the increased value of their property – by taking out a
1665:
1298:. As a result, banks have become less willing to hold large amounts of property-backed debt, likely a key issue affecting the worldwide recovery in the short term.
1290:) that can result in many owners holding mortgages that exceed the value of their homes. 11.1 million residential properties, or 23.1% of all U.S. homes, were in
1500:
believes that a second housing bubble was started in 2012 and still inflating as of
February 2013. Housing inventory began to dwindle starting in early 2012 as
959:
provides a direct comparison with P/E ratios utilised to analyze other uses of the money tied up in a home. Compare this ratio to the simpler but less accurate
1276:
said in mid-2005 that "at a minimum, there's a little 'froth' (in the U.S. housing market) … it's hard not to see that there are a lot of local bubbles." The
1306:
of 2007–2010, alongside its impacts and effects on economies in various nations, has implied that these trends might have some common characteristics.
2357:
2079:
4335:
2620:
696:. This ratio, applied to individuals, is a basic component of mortgage lending decisions. According to a back-of-the-envelope calculation by
2379:
1244:
As of 2007, real estate bubbles had existed in the recent past or were widely believed to still exist in many parts of the world. including
3662:
2836:
2719:
2914:
4290:
2741:
972:
is the average cost of ownership divided by the received rent income (if buying to let) or the estimated rent (if buying to reside):
3396:
1846:
1588:
1372:
711:
for a typical mortgage , expressed in months or years of income. It is especially important for first-time buyers without existing
200:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
3796:
3559:
3041:
3030:
1957:
433:
143:
2576:
1282:
magazine, writing at the same time, went further, saying "the worldwide rise in house prices is the biggest bubble in history".
1055:, a measure used in the United Kingdom, is the total yearly gross rent divided by the house price and expressed as a percentage:
4305:
405:
115:
2428:
1911:
1208:. As measured by the Case–Shiller index, the US experienced a housing bubble peaking in the second quarter of 2006 (2006 Q2).
3695:
2152:
2131:
1986:
1328:
4295:
847:. If a rise in ownership is not supported by a rise in incomes, it can mean either that buyers are taking advantage of low
2481:
1673:
412:
340:. Housing price busts are less frequent, but last nearly twice as long and lead to output losses that are twice as large (
122:
386:
96:
51:
1650:
Ikromov, Nuridding and
Abdullah Yavas, 2012a, "Asset Characteristics and Boom and Bust Periods: An Experimental Study".
4320:
3535:
488:, disagreement exists over whether or not a real estate bubble can be identified or predicted, then perhaps prevented.
2044:
1880:
344:
World
Economic Outlook, 2003). A recent laboratory experimental study also shows that, compared to financial markets,
4118:
3801:
2886:
2866:
2848:
2830:
2812:
2794:
2777:
2501:
2402:
542:
to sell or relinquish titles to locations they are not using, thus preventing speculators from hoarding unused land.
452:
352:
269:
215:
162:
65:
2314:
2167:
1114:{\displaystyle {\mbox{Gross Rental Yield}}={\frac {{\mbox{Monthly rent}}\times 12}{\mbox{House price}}}\times 100\%}
419:
129:
3135:
718:
348:
involve more extended boom and bust periods. Prices decline slower because the real estate market is less liquid.
3529:
2907:
2193:
2092:
1334:
17:
2718:
Battistini, Niccolò; Falagiarda, Matteo; Gareis, Johannes; Hackmann, Angelina; Roma, Moreno (November 9, 2021).
2673:
4275:
4255:
3720:
3350:
3233:
401:
390:
111:
100:
2595:
2222:
4381:
1154:, et cetera) for different grades of buildings). A low occupancy rate means that the market is in a state of
1022:{\displaystyle {\mbox{House Price-Rent ratio}}={\frac {\mbox{House price}}{{\mbox{Monthly Rent}}\times 12}}}
4408:
4403:
4285:
4229:
3834:
3573:
3511:
3194:
2647:
2244:
1828:
1746:; Ward, Charles (2013). "Intrinsic and rational speculative bubbles in the U.S. housing market 1960-2011".
1613:
1377:
1313:
632:
4234:
4224:
3791:
3499:
3487:
3456:
2148:
1543:
1440:
1405:
1346:
1249:
1226:
341:
336:
price busts occur on average every 13 years, last for 2.5 years, and result in about a 4 percent loss in
322:
2518:
1700:"Trading rules from forecasting the collapse of speculative bubbles for the S&P 500 composite index"
355:
was caused by the bursting of real estate bubbles that had begun in various countries during the 2000s.
3891:
3781:
3616:
3385:
3287:
3251:
3245:
3153:
3075:
2900:
1425:
1034:
600:
194:
1294:
at
December 31, 2010. Commercial property values remained around 35% below their mid-2007 peak in the
944:{\displaystyle {\mbox{House P/E ratio}}={\frac {\mbox{House price}}{{\mbox{Rent}}-{\mbox{Expenses}}}}}
3839:
3736:
3688:
3652:
3087:
2482:"The ups and downs of the real estate market and its relations with the rest of the economy in China"
2339:
554:, by contrast, real estate bubbles are considered of critical importance and a fundamental cause of
3751:
3553:
3541:
3171:
3105:
1435:
1363:
1323:
1303:
577:
565:
The pre-dominating economic perspective is that increases in housing prices result in little or no
529:(LVT) can be introduced to prevent speculation on land. Real estate bubbles direct savings towards
189:
2288:
4367:
4033:
3922:
3771:
3604:
3565:
3493:
3275:
3263:
3099:
2266:
1782:
1743:
1707:
1695:
1430:
1368:
1352:
1318:
1261:
1257:
860:
379:
89:
57:
2450:
426:
136:
4133:
4093:
3859:
3598:
3578:
3547:
3523:
3439:
3209:
3093:
1553:
1357:
1265:
1193:
470:
337:
2704:
4194:
4174:
4148:
4138:
4098:
3966:
3927:
3829:
3786:
3776:
3761:
3741:
3622:
3610:
3517:
3299:
3221:
3123:
3117:
3008:
2997:
2969:
2944:
1932:
1568:
1563:
1340:
1253:
680:
is the basic affordability measure for housing in a given area. It is generally the ratio of
660:
588:), because property owners generally use borrowed money to purchase property, in the form of
2733:
1629:
1505:
as 25% within one year in metropolitan areas like the San
Francisco Bay Area and Las Vegas.
4355:
4108:
4038:
3901:
3844:
3766:
3756:
3746:
3681:
3293:
3227:
3159:
3111:
3069:
1583:
890:
of the house minus expenses, which include maintenance and property taxes. This formula is:
794:
783:
688:, expressed as a percentage or as years of income. It is sometimes compiled separately for
640:
In attempting to identify bubbles before they burst, economists have developed a number of
476:
2734:"Dostupnost bydlenĂ se opÄ›t zhoršila. Na novĂ˝ byt v Praze je potĹ™eba uĹľ 17,3 roÄŤnĂch mezd"
1033:
The latter is often measured using the "owner's equivalent rent" numbers published by the
8:
4265:
4088:
4083:
3917:
3822:
3817:
3412:
3374:
3356:
3329:
3311:
3081:
3046:
2985:
2959:
2561:
1573:
1488:
839:. It tends to rise steadily with incomes. Also, governments often enact measures such as
801:, is the ratio of the mortgage debt to the value of the underlying property; it measures
551:
329:
1470:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
813:
using the accumulated equity as collateral. A ratio greater than 1 implies that owner's
504:) or based on a regression of actual prices on a set of demand and/or supply variables.
247:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4315:
4189:
4143:
4123:
3956:
3937:
3879:
3854:
3380:
3368:
3323:
3281:
3177:
3165:
3024:
879:
802:
664:
645:
585:
573:
345:
180:
2023:
1965:
607:, it is argued, and constitutes the proximate cause of the subsequent economic slump.
308:
markets, and it typically follows a land boom. A land boom is a rapid increase in the
4219:
4028:
4011:
3971:
3896:
3886:
3864:
3849:
3628:
3257:
3204:
3183:
3147:
3129:
3035:
2991:
2882:
2862:
2854:
2844:
2826:
2808:
2790:
2773:
2692:
2497:
2127:
1854:
1809:
1763:
1724:
1633:
1525:
1509:
1201:
1186:
1176:
1042:
685:
4239:
4214:
4113:
4055:
4016:
3976:
3472:
3467:
3444:
3239:
2949:
2872:
2489:
1801:
1759:
1755:
1716:
1625:
1230:
852:
814:
810:
689:
604:
555:
500:
yields (where real estate is then considered in a similar vein to stocks and other
333:
297:
1805:
1286:
estate bubbles are invariably followed by severe price decreases (also known as a
4103:
4050:
3588:
3450:
3418:
3340:
3215:
3141:
2923:
2800:
2310:
1786:
1699:
1291:
806:
782:
as a percentage of a typical household's monthly pre-tax income; for example see
734:
641:
559:
501:
485:
301:
4330:
4310:
4270:
4209:
3991:
3961:
3657:
3505:
3482:
3406:
3362:
3317:
3305:
2782:
2765:
2486:
Real Estate, Construction and Economic Development in Emerging Market Economies
1497:
1295:
1273:
844:
630:'s plot of U.S. home prices, population, building costs, and bond yields, from
627:
615:
596:
526:
508:
480:
Ratio of Melbourne median house prices to Australian annual wages, 1965 to 2010
292:
743:
4397:
4128:
4060:
4045:
3874:
3642:
3063:
2818:
2493:
1912:"House prices and monetary polic in the Euro area: a structural VAR analysis"
1858:
1813:
1767:
1728:
1637:
1548:
1278:
1167:
1147:
848:
798:
756:
752:
697:
655:
589:
581:
566:
513:
493:
economic trends, accurate prediction of future bubbles has proven difficult.
318:
313:
2380:"Bulle immobilière : de quoi parle-t-on et que faut-il craindre ?"
465:
4300:
4199:
4184:
4158:
3981:
3947:
3647:
3269:
2939:
2934:
1888:
530:
309:
2057:"10th Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2014"
1171:
The Case–Shiller index 1890–2016, showing a housing bubble peaking in 2006
4325:
4179:
4001:
3996:
3869:
3704:
3429:
3018:
2979:
2878:
The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke
2119:
Us Residential Real Estate Investment & Business Guide for Foreigners
1578:
1205:
712:
708:
535:
489:
305:
1393:
4280:
4153:
1501:
1155:
883:
2024:"Affordable Housing Real Estate Resource: Housing Affordability Index"
874:. To compute the P/E ratio for the case of a rented house, divide the
623:
2056:
1245:
1197:
956:
866:
760:
2892:
368:
78:
4260:
4204:
4006:
3932:
3715:
2859:
The Random Walk Guide to Investing: Ten Rules for Financial Success
2123:
1720:
1521:
1234:
1218:
1038:
871:
539:
2717:
1787:"House price dynamics and their reaction to macroeconomic changes"
835:
is the proportion of households who own their homes as opposed to
1534:, a person would need 17.3 years of salary to buy a 70 sqm flat.
1269:
1185:
are also used in identifying housing bubbles; these are known as
887:
840:
836:
497:
2360:. Conseil Général de l'Environnement et du Développement Durable
2223:"From the subprime to the terrigenous: Recession begins at home"
4065:
1558:
1531:
1216:
681:
3673:
870:
is the common metric used to assess the relative valuation of
4021:
2545:"Is the Washington, D.C.-area housing market bubbling again?"
1515:
1238:
875:
748:
619:
UK house prices between 1975 and 2006, adjusted for inflation
1037:. It can be viewed as the real estate equivalent of stocks'
3986:
2720:"The euro area housing market during the COVID-19 pandemic"
1151:
2358:"The French housing market and its environment since 1800"
1998:
1125:
This is the reciprocal of the house price-rent ratio. The
1958:"Interactive Table: How Bubbly Is Your Housing Market?"
751:(1980–2005) compared to home price appreciation in the
2289:"Real estate prices in Adriatic Coast up, Zagreb down"
1095:
1082:
1069:
1004:
997:
986:
932:
922:
915:
904:
855:
may signal higher debt levels associated with bubbles.
821:
1446:
1192:
A noted series of HPIs for the United States are the
1067:
984:
902:
2517:
Bajaj, Vikas; Leonhardt, David (December 18, 2008).
843:
or subsidized financing to encourage and facilitate
538:' into the price of real estate. It also encourages
469:
US house price trend (1998–2008) as measured by the
1384:
496:In real estate, fundamentals can be estimated from
393:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2674:"Home prices are soaring. Is this another bubble?"
2429:"Underwater mortgages back above 11 million in 4Q"
1113:
1021:
943:
805:. This ratio increases when the homeowner takes a
328:Bubbles in housing markets are more critical than
670:
4395:
2519:"Tax Break May Have Helped Cause Housing Bubble"
580:, real estate bubbles are seen as an example of
572:In some schools of heterodox economics, notably
358:
2593:
2147:Krainer, John; Wei, Chishen (October 1, 2004).
1780:
1741:
2516:
1933:"Speculative Bubble: What it is, How it Works"
1694:
1211:
519:
4336:List of housing markets by real estate prices
3689:
2908:
2648:"How Did COVID-19 Affect The Housing Market?"
1302:borrowing based on those overvaluations. The
545:
2577:"This is Housing Bubble 2.0: David Stockman"
2403:"What happens when real estate bubbles pop?"
786:Economics' reports for the Canadian markets.
717:Another variant is what the United States's
610:
304:that occurs periodically in local or global
2861:, New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.
2825:(updated ed.), Harcourt Brace and Company.
1229:from 1990 on has been very damaging to the
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4376:
3696:
3682:
2915:
2901:
2823:The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need
2542:
2400:
2247:. Global Property Guide. February 28, 2008
2146:
1999:"Home - SecurityNational Mortgage Company"
1516:Eurozone real estate bubble COVID Pandemic
321:significance, are answered differently by
2309:
453:Learn how and when to remove this message
270:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
2621:"Comeback for California Housing Prices"
2291:. Global Property Guide. August 19, 2008
2269:. Global Property Guide. August 25, 2008
2090:
1826:
1166:
1162:
767:
742:
622:
614:
475:
464:
2843:, 4th ed., Foster City, CA: IDG Books.
2426:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2165:
1847:"Housing markets face a brutal squeeze"
1630:10.1146/annurev.economics.012809.103822
793:(not to be confused with the corporate
14:
4396:
2805:The Coming Crash in the Housing Market
2565:, Princeton University, September 2013
2543:Sturtevant, Lisa A. (March 26, 2013).
2267:"The end of Poland's house price boom"
1919:European Central Bank - Working Papers
1909:
1878:
3677:
2922:
2896:
2789:, 2d ed. Princeton University Press.
2744:from the original on October 12, 2022
2646:Beck, Rae Hartley (August 23, 2023).
2166:Fackler, Martin (December 25, 2005).
2153:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
2091:Wallison, Peter J (January 5, 2014),
1829:"Home prices: 'Double-dip' confirmed"
1666:"Bill Clinton and the Housing Bubble"
1663:
1612:Mayer, Christopher (September 2011).
1611:
1272:. Then U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman
4363:
2645:
2596:"Why Blackstone Bought 16,000 Homes"
2594:StreetAuthority (January 15, 2013).
2211:
2149:"House Prices and Fundamental Value"
1607:
1605:
1603:
1589:2008–2014 Spanish real estate crisis
1450:
1388:
391:adding citations to reliable sources
362:
227:
174:
101:adding citations to reliable sources
72:
31:
2191:
1879:Wetzel, Dave (September 20, 2004).
822:Housing ownership and rent measures
24:
4321:Undergraduate real estate programs
2759:
2563:Wall Street and the Housing Bubble
2221:Putland, Gavin R. (June 1, 2009).
2168:"Take It From Japan: Bubbles Hurt"
2026:. National Association of Realtors
1524:increased dramatically during the
1447:US real estate bubble 2012–present
1108:
747:Inflation-adjusted home prices in
25:
4420:
4119:Investment rating for real estate
1600:
1196:, devised by American economists
47:This article has multiple issues.
4375:
4362:
4350:
4349:
3042:1830s Chicago real estate bubble
3031:1810s Alabama real estate bubble
2875:and Amelia Warren Tyagi (2003).
2671:
2427:Philyaw, Jason (March 8, 2011).
2401:Kellington, Tom (May 25, 2021).
1964:. April 11, 2005. Archived from
1455:
1392:
1385:From 2008 Great Recession to now
719:National Association of Realtors
684:house prices to median familial
367:
232:
179:
77:
36:
3703:
2770:Bubbles and how to survive them
2726:
2711:
2665:
2639:
2613:
2587:
2569:
2555:
2536:
2510:
2474:
2465:
2443:
2420:
2394:
2372:
2350:
2332:
2303:
2281:
2259:
2245:"The good times are here again"
2237:
2185:
2159:
2140:
2110:
2084:
2073:
2049:
2038:
2016:
1991:
1980:
1950:
1925:
1903:
1748:Journal of Real Estate Research
1309:For individual countries, see:
378:needs additional citations for
88:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
4276:Graduate real estate education
3721:Tertiary sector of the economy
3234:Western Australian gold rushes
2807:, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
1872:
1839:
1827:Christie, Les (May 31, 2011).
1820:
1774:
1760:10.1080/10835547.2013.12091360
1735:
1698:; Katsaris, Apostolos (2005).
1688:
1657:
1644:
878:of the house by its potential
671:Housing affordability measures
13:
1:
1806:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.007
1785:; Ward, Charles W.R. (2013).
1594:
1304:U.S. subprime mortgage crisis
1233:. The crash in 2005 affected
886:, which is the market annual
595:The Post-Keynesian theory of
359:Identification and prevention
353:financial crisis of 2007–2008
4230:Real estate investment trust
3835:Extraterrestrial real estate
3663:U.S. higher education bubble
3574:Chinese stock bubble of 2007
3536:United States housing bubble
3530:2000s Danish property bubble
3512:Baltic states housing bubble
3288:Second Nova Scotia Gold Rush
2841:Personal Finance for Dummies
2225:. Land Values Research Group
2192:Lee, Don (January 8, 2006).
1910:Nocera, Andrea (June 2017).
1664:Klein, Ezra (May 28, 2009).
1378:United States housing bubble
1314:Baltic states housing bubble
828:5.83% and rent increased 2%.
791:housing debt to equity ratio
775:housing debt to income ratio
7:
4235:Real property administrator
4225:Real estate investment club
3500:Japanese asset price bubble
3488:New Zealand property bubble
3457:New Zealand property bubble
3386:Third Nova Scotia Gold Rush
3154:First Nova Scotia Gold Rush
2740:(in Czech). June 14, 2022.
1614:"Housing Bubbles: A Survey"
1544:Deed in lieu of foreclosure
1537:
1441:New Zealand property bubble
1347:Japanese asset price bubble
1227:Japanese asset price bubble
1212:List of real estate bubbles
323:schools of economic thought
10:
4425:
3892:Private equity real estate
3617:Australian property bubble
3252:Tierra del Fuego gold rush
3136:Colorado River mining boom
3076:Queen Charlottes Gold Rush
2488:. 2015. pp. 108–124.
1881:"The case for taxing land"
1618:Annual Review of Economics
1426:Australian property bubble
1174:
1035:Bureau of Labor Statistics
601:home equity line of credit
546:Macroeconomic significance
4344:
4248:
4167:
4074:
3946:
3910:
3840:International real estate
3810:
3729:
3711:
3653:Social media stock bubble
3638:
3587:
3466:
3428:
3395:
3339:
3195:2nd Industrial Revolution
3193:
3088:New South Wales gold rush
3056:
3009:1st Industrial Revolution
3007:
2968:
2930:
2881:, New York: Basic Books.
2340:"The global housing boom"
2315:"2005: In a Word: Frothy"
1464:This section needs to be
611:Housing market indicators
520:housing market indicators
241:This article needs to be
3554:Canadian property bubble
3542:Romanian property bubble
3381:1930s Kakamega gold rush
3172:Vermilion Lake gold rush
2494:10.4324/9781315762289-13
2451:"House Prices Worldwide"
1436:Canadian property bubble
1364:Romanian property bubble
1353:Lebanese property bubble
1324:Canadian property bubble
707:is the minimum required
578:Post-Keynesian economics
534:would otherwise become '
4034:Real estate transaction
3923:Real estate development
3605:Lebanese housing bubble
3566:Lebanese housing bubble
3560:Chinese property bubble
3494:Spanish property bubble
3351:1920s Florida land boom
3276:Cripple Creek Gold Rush
3264:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
3205:1870s Lapland gold rush
3100:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
2453:. Global Property Guide
2099:, New York, p. A15
1708:The Journal of Business
1431:British property bubble
1369:Spanish property bubble
1329:Chinese property bubble
1319:British property bubble
1221:to 2008 Great Recession
957:price-to-earnings ratio
861:price-to-earnings ratio
705:deposit to income ratio
550:Within some schools of
188:Some of this article's
27:Type of economic bubble
4134:Real estate derivative
4094:Effective gross income
3860:Healthcare real estate
3599:2000s commodities boom
3579:Uranium bubble of 2007
3548:Polish property bubble
3524:2000s commodities boom
3440:1970s commodities boom
3210:Coromandel Gold Rushes
3094:Australian gold rushes
1554:Foreclosure consultant
1358:Polish property bubble
1335:Danish property bubble
1172:
1115:
1023:
988:House Price-Rent ratio
945:
764:
637:
620:
481:
473:
4291:Industry trade groups
4195:Exclusive buyer agent
4149:Real estate valuation
4139:Real estate economics
4099:Gross rent multiplier
3928:Real estate investing
3830:Corporate Real Estate
3623:Cryptocurrency bubble
3611:Corporate debt bubble
3518:Irish property bubble
3300:Mount Baker gold rush
3222:Black Hills gold rush
3124:Similkameen Gold Rush
3118:Pennsylvania oil rush
3106:Pike's Peak gold rush
2998:Bengal Bubble of 1769
2970:Commercial revolution
2945:Irrational exuberance
2787:Irrational Exuberance
2313:(December 25, 2005).
1652:Real Estate Economics
1569:Real estate economics
1564:Real estate appraisal
1341:Irish property bubble
1170:
1163:Housing price indices
1116:
1024:
946:
768:Housing debt measures
746:
678:price to income ratio
661:real estate economics
633:Irrational Exuberance
626:
618:
484:As with all types of
479:
468:
325:, as detailed below.
4109:Highest and best use
4075:Economics, financing
4039:Real estate contract
3933:Real estate flipping
3902:Residential property
3845:Lease administration
3797:United Arab Emirates
3294:Kobuk River Stampede
3228:Colorado Silver Boom
3160:West Coast gold rush
3112:Rock Creek Gold Rush
3070:California gold rush
2738:www.central-group.cz
2382:. Ideal-investisseur
2093:"The Bubble is Back"
1968:on November 30, 2007
1584:Real estate business
1520:House prices in the
1194:Case–Shiller indices
1065:
1039:price-earnings ratio
982:
900:
795:debt to equity ratio
402:"Real-estate bubble"
387:improve this article
330:stock market bubbles
112:"Real-estate bubble"
97:improve this article
4409:Real estate bubbles
4404:Economic inequality
4089:Capitalization rate
4084:Asset-based lending
3918:Property management
3823:Commercial building
3818:Commercial property
3430:The Great Inflation
3413:Porcupine Gold Rush
3397:Post–WWII expansion
3375:Porcupine Gold Rush
3357:Fairbanks Gold Rush
3330:Porcupine Gold Rush
3312:Fairbanks Gold Rush
3082:Victorian gold rush
3047:Chilean silver rush
2960:Stock market bubble
2583:. February 4, 2013.
2549:The Washington Post
2194:"A Home Boom Busts"
2126:. January 1, 2006.
2080:June 2, 2005 report
1676:on October 15, 2012
1574:Real estate pricing
1489:The Washington Post
1187:house price indices
726:affordability index
646:economic indicators
586:speculative bubbles
552:heterodox economics
507:American economist
346:real estate markets
298:residential markets
4316:Real estate trends
4220:Real estate broker
4190:Chartered Surveyor
4144:Real estate bubble
4124:Mortgage insurance
3957:Adverse possession
3880:Luxury real estate
3855:Garden real estate
3369:Cobalt silver rush
3324:Cobalt silver rush
3282:Klondike Gold Rush
3178:Kildonan Gold Rush
3166:Big Bend Gold Rush
3025:Carolina gold rush
2986:Mississippi bubble
2955:Real-estate bubble
2703:has generic name (
2627:. January 29, 2013
2407:The Business Daily
2097:The New York Times
1891:on August 14, 2007
1794:Economic Modelling
1530:As an example, in
1404:. You can help by
1181:Measures of house
1173:
1111:
1099:
1086:
1073:
1071:Gross Rental Yield
1053:gross rental yield
1019:
1008:
1001:
990:
941:
936:
926:
919:
908:
803:financial leverage
779:debt-service ratio
765:
686:disposable incomes
665:real estate trends
638:
621:
574:Austrian economics
482:
474:
471:Case–Shiller index
284:real-estate bubble
4391:
4390:
4029:Property abstract
4012:Land registration
3972:Concurrent estate
3897:Real estate owned
3887:Off-plan property
3865:Vacation property
3850:Niche real estate
3671:
3670:
3629:Everything bubble
3278:(c. 1890–c. 1910)
3258:Cayoosh Gold Rush
3248:(c. 1880–c. 1930)
3236:(c. 1880–c. 1900)
3218:(c. 1870–c. 1890)
3216:Cassiar Gold Rush
3212:(c. 1870–c. 1890)
3184:Omineca Gold Rush
3148:Cariboo Gold Rush
3130:Stikine Gold Rush
3066:(c. 1840–c. 1850)
3036:Georgia Gold Rush
3021:(c. 1790–c. 1810)
2924:Financial bubbles
2855:Burton G. Malkiel
2783:Robert J. Shiller
2625:NBCLosAngeles.com
2198:Los Angeles Times
2133:978-0-73-976778-8
1510:COVID-19 pandemic
1485:
1484:
1422:
1421:
1288:house price crash
1241:'s largest city.
1225:The crash of the
1202:Robert J. Shiller
1177:House price index
1100:
1098:
1085:
1072:
1043:supply and demand
1017:
1007:
1000:
989:
939:
935:
925:
918:
907:
690:first-time buyers
463:
462:
455:
437:
280:
279:
272:
262:
261:
226:
225:
218:
173:
172:
165:
147:
70:
16:(Redirected from
4416:
4379:
4378:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4352:
4296:Investment firms
4215:Property manager
4114:Home equity loan
4017:Leasehold estate
3977:Conditional sale
3698:
3691:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3473:Great Regression
3468:Great Moderation
3445:Mexican oil boom
3240:Indiana gas boom
2992:South Sea bubble
2950:Social contagion
2917:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2873:Elizabeth Warren
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2600:SeekingAlpha.com
2591:
2585:
2584:
2573:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2346:. June 16, 2005.
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2311:Leonhardt, David
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1887:. Archived from
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1791:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1715:(5): 2003–2036.
1704:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1672:. Archived from
1661:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1609:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1417:
1414:
1396:
1389:
1231:Japanese economy
1127:net rental yield
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1009:
1005:
998:
996:
991:
987:
970:price-rent ratio
961:price-rent ratio
950:
948:
947:
942:
940:
938:
937:
933:
927:
923:
916:
914:
909:
905:
853:subprime lending
811:home equity loan
642:financial ratios
605:aggregate demand
556:financial crises
502:financial assets
486:economic bubbles
458:
451:
447:
444:
438:
436:
395:
371:
363:
332:. Historically,
275:
268:
257:
254:
248:
236:
235:
228:
221:
214:
210:
207:
201:
183:
175:
168:
161:
157:
154:
148:
146:
105:
81:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
21:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4340:
4244:
4163:
4104:Hard money loan
4076:
4070:
4051:Rent regulation
3942:
3906:
3806:
3725:
3707:
3702:
3672:
3667:
3634:
3591:
3589:Information Age
3583:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3451:Silver Thursday
3432:
3424:
3419:Poseidon bubble
3399:
3391:
3343:
3341:Interwar period
3335:
3197:
3189:
3142:Otago gold rush
3052:
3011:
3003:
2972:
2964:
2926:
2921:
2801:John R. Talbott
2762:
2760:Further reading
2757:
2747:
2745:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2716:
2712:
2700:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2672:News, A. B. C.
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2592:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2556:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2160:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1825:
1821:
1789:
1781:Nneji, Ogonna;
1779:
1775:
1742:Nneji, Ogonna;
1740:
1736:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1670:Washington Post
1662:
1658:
1649:
1645:
1610:
1601:
1597:
1540:
1526:COVID pandemic.
1518:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1402:needs expansion
1387:
1292:negative equity
1223:
1214:
1179:
1165:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1003:
1002:
995:
985:
983:
980:
979:
931:
921:
920:
913:
906:House P/E ratio
903:
901:
898:
897:
833:ownership ratio
824:
807:second mortgage
797:), also called
770:
735:median multiple
716:
673:
613:
560:economic crises
548:
459:
448:
442:
439:
396:
394:
384:
372:
361:
302:economic bubble
300:) is a type of
288:property bubble
276:
265:
264:
263:
258:
252:
249:
246:
237:
233:
222:
211:
205:
202:
199:
184:
169:
158:
152:
149:
106:
104:
94:
82:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Property bubble
15:
12:
11:
5:
4422:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4382:List of topics
4372:
4359:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4331:Urban planning
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4311:Property cycle
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4271:Gentrification
4268:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4210:Moving company
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3992:Eminent domain
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3962:Chain of title
3959:
3953:
3951:
3950:and regulation
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3802:United Kingdom
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3658:Unicorn bubble
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3595:
3593:
3592:(2007–present)
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3520:(c. 2000–2007)
3515:
3509:
3506:Dot-com bubble
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3483:1980s oil glut
3479:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:(c. 1980–1982)
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3415:(1945–c. 1960)
3410:
3409:(1945–c. 1950)
3407:Texas oil boom
3403:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3371:(1918–c. 1930)
3366:
3363:Texas oil boom
3360:
3359:(1918–c. 1930)
3354:
3353:(c. 1920–1925)
3347:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3318:Texas oil boom
3315:
3314:(c. 1900–1918)
3309:
3306:Nome Gold Rush
3303:
3302:(1897–c. 1925)
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3242:(c. 1880–1903)
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3084:(1851–c. 1870)
3079:
3073:
3067:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3039:
3038:(1828–c. 1840)
3033:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2870:
2852:
2834:
2816:
2798:
2780:
2772:, N. Brealey.
2766:John Calverley
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2725:
2710:
2664:
2638:
2612:
2586:
2568:
2554:
2535:
2523:New York Times
2509:
2502:
2473:
2464:
2442:
2419:
2393:
2371:
2349:
2331:
2319:New York Times
2302:
2280:
2258:
2236:
2210:
2184:
2172:New York Times
2158:
2139:
2132:
2109:
2083:
2072:
2048:
2037:
2015:
1990:
1979:
1949:
1924:
1902:
1871:
1838:
1819:
1773:
1754:(2): 121–151.
1734:
1721:10.1086/431450
1687:
1656:
1654:. 40, 508–535.
1643:
1624:(1): 559–577.
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1517:
1514:
1498:David Stockman
1483:
1482:
1463:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1399:
1397:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1296:United Kingdom
1274:Alan Greenspan
1222:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1175:Main article:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1140:occupancy rate
1135:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1093:
1090:
1077:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1015:
1012:
994:
974:
973:
965:
964:
953:
952:
951:
930:
912:
892:
891:
856:
849:interest rates
845:home ownership
829:
823:
820:
819:
818:
787:
769:
766:
741:
740:
730:
722:
701:
672:
669:
628:Robert Shiller
612:
609:
597:debt deflation
584:(pejoratively
582:credit bubbles
547:
544:
527:land value tax
509:Robert Shiller
461:
460:
375:
373:
366:
360:
357:
293:housing bubble
278:
277:
260:
259:
240:
238:
231:
224:
223:
190:listed sources
187:
185:
178:
171:
170:
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4421:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4384:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:Mortgage loan
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:and valuation
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Torrens title
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Real property
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3875:Golf property
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:Carbon bubble
3641:
3640:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3246:Ohio oil rush
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:Railway Mania
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2888:
2887:0-465-09082-6
2884:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:0-393-05854-9
2864:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2849:0-7645-2590-5
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2831:0-15-602963-4
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:Andrew Tobias
2817:
2814:
2813:0-07-142220-X
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2795:0-691-12335-7
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:1-85788-348-9
2775:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2694:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2582:
2581:Yahoo Finance
2578:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2505:
2503:9781315762289
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2468:
2452:
2446:
2430:
2423:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2381:
2375:
2359:
2353:
2345:
2344:The Economist
2341:
2335:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2290:
2284:
2268:
2262:
2246:
2240:
2224:
2217:
2215:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2076:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2025:
2019:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1983:
1967:
1963:
1962:Business Week
1959:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1890:
1886:
1885:New Statesman
1882:
1875:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:The Economist
1848:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1783:Brooks, Chris
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:Brooks, Chris
1738:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1696:Brooks, Chris
1691:
1680:September 22,
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Estate (land)
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1467:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1413:February 2022
1407:
1403:
1400:This section
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:– 1985–2008,
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:square metres
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1105:
1102:
1091:
1088:
1075:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1013:
1010:
992:
978:
977:
976:
975:
971:
967:
966:
962:
958:
954:
928:
910:
896:
895:
894:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
862:
857:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:loan to value
796:
792:
788:
785:
780:
776:
772:
771:
762:
758:
754:
753:United States
750:
745:
737:
736:
731:
727:
723:
720:
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:
698:Goldman Sachs
695:
694:attainability
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:
668:
666:
662:
658:
657:
656:Business Week
651:
647:
643:
635:
634:
629:
625:
617:
608:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:wealth effect
563:
561:
557:
553:
543:
541:
537:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
515:
514:The Economist
510:
505:
503:
499:
494:
491:
487:
478:
472:
467:
457:
454:
446:
435:
432:
428:
425:
421:
418:
414:
411:
407:
404: –
403:
399:
398:Find sources:
392:
388:
382:
381:
376:This article
374:
370:
365:
364:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
319:macroeconomic
315:
314:real property
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
274:
271:
256:
253:February 2022
244:
239:
230:
229:
220:
217:
209:
197:
196:
191:
186:
182:
177:
176:
167:
164:
156:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114: –
113:
109:
108:Find sources:
102:
98:
92:
91:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4380:
4368:
4354:
4301:Land banking
4200:Land banking
4185:Buyer broker
4159:Rental value
3982:Conveyancing
3792:Saudi Arabia
3648:Green bubble
3270:Encilhamento
2954:
2940:Credit cycle
2935:Market trend
2876:
2858:
2840:
2822:
2804:
2786:
2769:
2746:. Retrieved
2737:
2728:
2713:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2651:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2599:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:
2512:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2396:
2386:December 21,
2384:. Retrieved
2374:
2364:December 21,
2362:. Retrieved
2352:
2343:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2318:
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2201:. Retrieved
2197:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2171:
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2118:
2112:
2101:, retrieved
2096:
2086:
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2065:November 11,
2063:. Retrieved
2051:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2003:snmcblog.com
2002:
1993:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:the original
1961:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1937:Investopedia
1936:
1927:
1918:
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:the original
1884:
1874:
1864:February 16,
1862:. Retrieved
1850:
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1832:
1822:
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1678:. Retrieved
1674:the original
1669:
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1406:adding to it
1401:
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1243:
1224:
1217:From end of
1191:
1182:
1180:
1144:vacancy rate
1143:
1139:
1126:
1084:Monthly rent
1052:
1006:Monthly Rent
969:
960:
865:
859:
832:
817:is negative.
790:
778:
774:
739:development.
733:
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704:
693:
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654:
649:
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564:
558:and ensuing
549:
531:rent seeking
524:
512:
506:
495:
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397:
385:Please help
380:verification
377:
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310:market price
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107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
4326:Urban decay
4180:Buyer agent
4002:Foreclosure
3997:Encumbrance
3870:Arable land
3782:Puerto Rico
3730:By location
3705:Real estate
3601:(2008–2014)
3568:(2005–2008)
3562:(2005–2011)
3550:(2002–2008)
3544:(2002–2007)
3538:(2002–2006)
3532:(2001–2006)
3526:(2000–2008)
3514:(2000–2006)
3508:(1995–2000)
3502:(1986–1990)
3496:(1985–2008)
3476:(1982–2007)
3447:(1977–1981)
3433:(1973–1982)
3421:(1969–1970)
3400:(1945–1973)
3388:(1932–1942)
3377:(1918–1945)
3365:(1918–1945)
3344:(1918–1939)
3332:(1909–1918)
3326:(1903–1918)
3320:(1901–1918)
3308:(1899–1909)
3296:(1897–1899)
3290:(1896–1903)
3284:(1896–1899)
3272:(1886–1890)
3254:(1883–1906)
3230:(1879–1893)
3224:(1874–1880)
3198:(1870–1914)
3174:(1865–1867)
3162:(1864–1867)
3156:(1861–1874)
3150:(1861–1867)
3144:(1861–1864)
3138:(1861–1864)
3120:(1859–1891)
3108:(1858–1861)
3096:(1851–1914)
3090:(1851–1880)
3072:(1848–1855)
3049:(1830–1850)
3027:(1802–1825)
3019:Canal Mania
3012:(1760–1840)
3000:(1757–1769)
2994:(1711–1720)
2988:(1684–1720)
2982:(1634–1637)
2980:Tulip mania
2973:(1000–1760)
2701:|last=
2431:. CoreLogic
2045:seek.estate
1987:seek.estate
1800:: 172–178.
1579:Real estate
1380:– 1997–2006
1360:– 2002–2008
1349:– 1986–1991
1343:– 1999–2006
1337:– 2001–2006
1331:– 2005–2011
1250:New Zealand
1206:Allan Weiss
1142:(opposite:
1097:House price
999:House price
917:House price
763:(1995–2005)
713:home equity
709:downpayment
692:and termed
536:capitalized
518:argue that
490:Speculative
306:real estate
193:may not be
4398:Categories
4281:Green belt
4154:Remortgage
3938:Relocation
3737:Bangladesh
2837:Eric Tyson
2748:August 19,
2631:January 6,
2605:January 6,
2008:January 6,
1595:References
1508:After the
1502:hedge fund
1496:Economist
1476:March 2020
1156:oversupply
955:The house
884:net income
540:landowners
413:newspapers
123:newspapers
52:improve it
4266:Filtering
4256:Companies
4175:Appraiser
4056:Severance
3752:Indonesia
3631:(2020–21)
3168:(c. 1865)
3057:1840–1870
2435:April 14,
2103:April 14,
1942:April 11,
1859:0013-0613
1833:CNN Money
1814:0264-9993
1768:0896-5803
1729:0740-9168
1638:1941-1383
1373:2008-2014
1279:Economist
1246:Argentina
1198:Karl Case
1133:payments.
1109:%
1103:×
1089:×
1011:×
929:−
867:P/E ratio
761:Australia
590:mortgages
443:June 2013
206:June 2013
153:June 2013
58:talk page
4356:Category
4261:Eviction
4205:Landlord
4007:Land law
3772:Pakistan
3716:Property
2857:(2003).
2839:(2003).
2821:(2005).
2803:(2003).
2785:(2005).
2768:(2004),
2742:Archived
2693:cite web
2683:July 29,
2678:ABC News
2657:July 29,
2652:Bankrate
2457:June 23,
2324:June 23,
2295:June 23,
2273:June 23,
2251:June 23,
2229:June 23,
2203:June 23,
2177:June 23,
2124:Lulu.com
2030:June 23,
1972:June 23,
1895:June 13,
1538:See also
1522:Eurozone
1235:Shanghai
1219:cold war
1189:(HPIs).
934:Expenses
880:earnings
872:equities
841:tax cuts
195:reliable
4369:Commons
4286:Indices
4168:Parties
3967:Closing
3911:Sectors
3625:(2011–)
3619:(2010–)
3613:(2008–)
3607:(2008–)
3556:(2002–)
3490:(1982–)
2412:May 26,
1921:(2073).
1466:updated
1270:Croatia
1262:Lebanon
1254:Ireland
837:renting
757:Britain
427:scholar
243:updated
137:scholar
4374:
4361:
4348:
4306:People
4240:Tenant
4066:Zoning
3787:Russia
3777:Panama
3762:Turkey
3742:Canada
3453:(1980)
3266:(1886)
3260:(1884)
3186:(1869)
3180:(1869)
3132:(1861)
3126:(1860)
3114:(1859)
3102:(1858)
3078:(1851)
2885:
2865:
2847:
2829:
2811:
2793:
2776:
2528:May 6,
2500:
2130:
1857:
1812:
1766:
1727:
1636:
1559:Jeonse
1532:Prague
1268:, and
1266:Poland
1204:, and
963:below.
815:equity
759:, and
682:median
498:rental
429:
422:
415:
408:
400:
334:equity
139:
132:
125:
118:
110:
4249:Other
4022:Lease
3811:Types
3767:Kenya
3757:Italy
3747:China
2060:(PDF)
1915:(PDF)
1790:(PDF)
1703:(PDF)
1258:Spain
1239:China
1183:price
1152:acres
1046:2004.
876:price
749:Japan
434:JSTOR
420:books
144:JSTOR
130:books
3987:Deed
2883:ISBN
2863:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2809:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2750:2023
2705:help
2685:2024
2659:2024
2633:2017
2607:2017
2530:2012
2498:ISBN
2459:2009
2437:2014
2414:2021
2388:2016
2366:2016
2326:2009
2297:2009
2275:2009
2253:2009
2231:2009
2205:2009
2179:2009
2128:ISBN
2105:2014
2067:2014
2032:2009
2010:2017
1974:2009
1944:2024
1897:2008
1866:2023
1855:ISSN
1810:ISSN
1764:ISSN
1725:ISSN
1682:2011
1634:ISSN
1138:The
1051:The
968:The
924:Rent
888:rent
858:The
831:The
789:The
773:The
732:The
724:The
703:The
676:The
663:and
650:i.e.
644:and
576:and
406:news
351:The
296:for
290:(or
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3948:Law
2490:doi
1802:doi
1756:doi
1717:doi
1626:doi
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1106:100
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784:RBC
777:or
389:by
342:IMF
338:GDP
312:of
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