471:
229:
128:
111:
319:. After five to seven months, the group concluded that the financial risks caused by very high project costs, and the availability of more cost-effective options outweighed the potential benefits from technology transfer from the US to the
506:
as possible and upgrade their electronic systems. In March 1990 it was reported that after being rejected by the PAF, Sabre II had been superseded by the Super 7 and China was considering continuing its development. The
446:, as its nuclear bomb program impacted the Super-7 project. The US government tolerated Pakistan's nuclear program during the 1980s due to a desire for the country's cooperation in defeating the USSR in the
342:
in combat service. A picture showed that the F-7's nose inlet had been replaced with a solid nose radome and a new pair of air inlets were mounted on the sides of the fuselage under the cockpit.
1390:
1231:
1203:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
395:
turbojet producing 16,000 pounds-force (71 kN) of thrust, was also proposed as the Sabre II's engine. Its afterburner was designed in China. Fitting the APG-66 radar was also planned.
1208:
1188:
1183:
292:
1383:
1499:
1554:
1407:
1198:
1549:
1534:
1524:
187:
After studying the Sabre II concept with
Grumman, the PAF terminated the program as unfeasible on economic grounds. Grumman withdrew from the project after
972:
Sheikh, PAF, Air
Marshal Rashid (2001). The story of the Pakistan Air Force, 1988-1998 : a battle against odds. Pakistan: Shaheen Foundation. p. 432.
450:. Once the Soviet forces retreated, Pakistani cooperation was no longer required and military and economic sanctions were imposed on Pakistan under the
526:
were reached between both countries towards developing new aircraft to fill the role of the Super 7. This led to the successful development of the
1290:
1504:
1529:
1089:
211:
further hampered the Sabre II development effort in the 1990s. In 1995, Pakistan and China began a collaboration which led to the successful
795:
1313:
1308:
606:
1544:
1084:
458:
aircraft already paid for by the PAF during the Afghan war from being delivered. Efforts by the PAF to find a replacement failed (see
1438:
547:
114:
1446:
404:
1539:
1494:
1127:
1008:
315:
to conduct studies and assess the feasibility of the Sabre II design concept with
Pakistani aerial specialists and the Chinese
886:
684:
338:
suite, radar system and engine, and a redesigned forward fuselage. The PAF stated that the Sabre II would replace around 150
316:
272:
181:
161:
941:
905:
861:
846:
768:
583:
564:
977:
271:
fighters, as they approached the end of their service lives in the late 1980s. After showing interest in the F-7M, the
1514:
893:
420:
200:
459:
1428:
694:
498:
from the United States, 40 of which had been delivered during the 1980s. The PAF launched a secretive project,
494:, an upgraded version of the F-7M Airguard. The F-7P fleet was to be supported by a fleet of over 100 advanced
1017:
519:
416:
320:
196:
173:
55:
45:
718:
377:, to improve performance. The resulting aircraft, designated F-7M Sabre-II, would have looked much like the
256:
fighters were equipped with western electronic systems. The PAF began developing an improved version of the
131:
1451:
511:
had forced the PAF to come up with innovative solutions to keep all its combat infrastructure operational.
388:
642:
1519:
1120:
523:
919:
667:
392:
1001:
1509:
1489:
280:
150:
438:
on economic and military exports to
Pakistan when Congressional leaders became aware of Pakistan's
358:
522:. In 1995, the Pakistan Air Force decided to resume the program and quickly reached out to China.
1465:
1395:
1356:
1349:
1226:
1139:
431:
of
American technology to China. Grumman Aerospace withdrew from the project shortly thereafter.
177:
165:
415:'s warning that it was financially risky and less feasible than other options. Worsening of the
1470:
1113:
805:
614:
1236:
1193:
1032:
994:
527:
495:
447:
443:
212:
8:
1375:
1068:
1063:
986:
503:
428:
267:
The
Pakistan Air Force started looking for a new fighter to replace their large fleet of
832:
800:
610:
508:
483:
451:
435:
408:
304:
276:
249:
204:
143:
118:
81:
1433:
973:
882:
690:
412:
349:
project, the F-7 airframe was redesigned with angled air intakes on the sides of the
312:
32:
945:
470:
252:
began looking for new technology to replace its aging fighters. By 1984, the PAF's
237:
491:
346:
1105:
424:
188:
1094:
840:
241:
830:
Warnes, Alan (July 2004), "Pakistan's Vision: Bridging The
Capabilities Gap",
168:. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) initiated Project Sabre II in 1987, hiring the
1483:
1423:
475:
308:
208:
192:
169:
1272:
743:
499:
487:
378:
339:
268:
261:
245:
1400:
1361:
1267:
1058:
1053:
825:
823:
439:
381:
331:
296:
257:
253:
157:
153:
93:
228:
879:
Military capacity and the risk of war: China, India, Pakistan, and Iran
820:
518:
Group as consultants, and design studies for the project began at the
763:
761:
578:
576:
574:
147:
366:
362:
350:
335:
758:
571:
1136:
672:
magazine, published 26 November 1988, Retrieved: 15 February 2010
515:
486:
decided on a much less expensive solution for replacement of the
370:
661:
374:
354:
291:
719:"JF-17 Thunder – the First Squadron Enters Pakistan Air Force"
327:
474:
The Sabre-II evolved into the successful development of the
548:"Flight International magazine, 19 September 1987, page 11"
455:
1016:
248:
to modernize its fighter aircraft fleet. As a result, the
121:
markings, and the
Chengdu F-7 published in September 1987.
866:, published 19 September 1987, Retrieved: 18 October 2009
775:. Reed Business Information. 13 February 1988. p. 17
588:, published 14–20 March 1990, retrieved: 18 October 2009"
330:
created the Sabre II concept by radically upgrading the
851:, published 19 August 1989, Retrieved: 18 October 2009
787:
176:, to provide crucial expertise to refine the baseline
968:
966:
964:
962:
323:, increasing its experience and technical knowledge.
279:
initiated
Project Sabre–II to the develop a low-cost
796:"Pakistan's Vision: Bridging The Capabilities Gap""
1135:
959:
636:
634:
632:
559:
557:
398:
182:Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF)
676:
601:
599:
597:
1500:Cancelled military aircraft projects of Pakistan
1481:
804:. No. July 2004. p. 33. Archived from
326:Grumman, the Pakistan Air Force and the Chinese
629:
554:
357:nose could house radar and other avionics from
1555:Programs of the Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)
594:
407:, American interest in Pakistan lessened. The
1550:Cancelled military aircraft projects of China
1525:History of science and technology in Pakistan
1121:
1002:
738:
736:
460:Pakistan Air Force 1990–2001, the lost decade
434:At the same time, the US Congress imposed an
906:""Pratt & Whitney's PW1216 turbojet...""
180:along with specialists from the PAF and the
1128:
1114:
1009:
995:
733:
710:
328:People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF)
1535:Pakistan–United States military relations
862:"Grumman Reveals Sabre II for Pakistan",
686:Indo-Pak Relations: Viewpoints, 1989–1996
942:"1991 | 2171 | Flight Archive"
920:"1987 | 1859 | Flight Archive"
689:. New Delhi, India: Lancers Publishers.
584:""Pakistan Considers new Fighter Plan",
469:
405:withdrawing from neighboring Afghanistan
365:engine was to be replaced with a modern
290:
227:
793:
465:
345:Under Project Sabre II and the Chinese
1505:Pakistan Aeronautical Complex aircraft
1482:
876:
829:
411:terminated the Sabre II project after
205:An embargo on military aid to Pakistan
1109:
990:
922:. Flightglobal.com. 26 September 1987
716:
682:
286:
146:'s program to develop a feasible and
668:"Grumman to upgrade Chinese F-7Ms",
391:, an afterburning derivative of the
359:Northrop's F-20 "Tigershark" fighter
607:"F-7P Sabre II "Super 7" (Chao Qi)"
419:after Beijing's suppression of the
334:. Changes included upgrades to its
232:A Pakistan Air Force Chengdu F-7PG.
218:
199:after Beijing's suppression of the
13:
769:"Grumman Pursues Pakistan Fighter"
299:, of which its design was studied.
14:
1566:
1530:China–Pakistan military relations
717:Hamid, Jalal (23 February 2010).
502:, to procure as many second-hand
421:Tiananmen Square student protests
201:Tiananmen Square student protests
132:The F-7 Sabre II and the Super 7.
640:
156:based on an existing design—the
126:
109:
934:
912:
898:
870:
855:
565:""Indian MiG upgrade proposed""
423:also hurt the project, as U.S.
399:U.S. objections and termination
1540:1980s Chinese fighter aircraft
1495:International fighter aircraft
540:
260:to replace its large fleet of
1:
1545:China–United States relations
1018:Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
864:Flight International magazine
849:Flight International magazine
586:Flight International magazine
533:
520:Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
321:Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
56:Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
46:Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
1464:Not to be confused with the
317:Chengdu Aircraft corporation
7:
881:, Oxford University Press,
442:. A panic ensued among the
10:
1571:
524:Memoranda of Understanding
379:Guizhou JL-9 (or FTC-2000)
283:on the model of the F-7M.
223:
33:Multi-role combat aircraft
1462:
1416:
1374:
1340:
1322:
1299:
1281:
1258:
1249:
1217:
1154:
1147:
1077:
1046:
1025:
125:
108:
103:
23:
16:Pakistani fighter project
1515:Secret military programs
877:Arnett, Eric H. (1997),
454:in 1990. This prevented
403:As the Soviet Union was
250:Pakistan Air Force (PAF)
82:Pakistan Air Force (PAF)
744:"JF-17 Thunder Program"
514:The PAF hired Russia's
1069:MFI-395 Super Mushshak
847:"China: J-7 (MiG-21),
530:, introduced in 2003.
479:
387:Pratt & Whitney's
300:
295:A schematics of PAF's
238:Indian Air Force (IAF)
233:
115:Models of the Sabre II
683:Afsir, Karim (1998).
509:American arms embargo
473:
382:jet trainer / fighter
303:In January 1987, the
294:
281:multirole fighter jet
231:
1376:NATO reporting names
773:FLIGHT INTERNATIONAL
670:Flight International
647:fighter-aircraft.com
466:Evolution into JF-17
417:US–Chinese relations
191:were imposed by the
440:atomic bomb program
369:engine, either the
361:. The Chinese WP-7
158:Chengdu F-7 Skybolt
1520:Pakistan Air Force
833:Air Forces Monthly
801:Air Forces Monthly
649:. Fighter Aircraft
611:GlobalSecurity.org
484:Pakistan Air Force
480:
452:Pressler amendment
444:Pakistani military
305:Pakistan Air Force
301:
287:Design feasibility
277:Pakistan Air Force
254:F-7P (Chengdu F-7)
234:
144:Pakistan Air Force
78:Primary user
1477:
1476:
1434:Operation Diamond
1370:
1369:
1343:
1325:
1302:
1284:
1261:
1245:
1244:
1220:
1157:
1103:
1102:
888:978-0-19-829281-4
448:Soviet–Afghan War
313:Grumman Aerospace
137:
136:
99:
98:
1562:
1510:Chengdu aircraft
1490:1987 in Pakistan
1466:MiG-23 "Flogger"
1341:
1323:
1300:
1282:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1218:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1137:Mikoyan-Gurevich
1130:
1123:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1011:
1004:
997:
988:
987:
981:
970:
957:
956:
954:
952:
946:Flightglobal.com
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
916:
910:
909:
902:
896:
891:
874:
868:
859:
853:
844:
838:
837:
827:
818:
817:
815:
813:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
765:
756:
755:
753:
751:
740:
731:
730:
728:
726:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
680:
674:
665:
659:
658:
656:
654:
638:
627:
626:
624:
622:
617:on 3 August 2015
613:. Archived from
603:
592:
591:
580:
569:
568:
561:
552:
551:
544:
504:Dassault Mirages
219:Program overview
140:Project Sabre II
130:
129:
113:
112:
101:
100:
90:
36:Type of aircraft
21:
20:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1458:
1412:
1366:
1336:
1318:
1295:
1277:
1251:
1241:
1213:
1143:
1134:
1104:
1099:
1073:
1064:MFI-17 Mushshak
1042:
1021:
1015:
985:
984:
971:
960:
950:
948:
940:
939:
935:
925:
923:
918:
917:
913:
904:
903:
899:
889:
875:
871:
860:
856:
845:
841:
828:
821:
811:
809:
792:
788:
778:
776:
767:
766:
759:
749:
747:
742:
741:
734:
724:
722:
715:
711:
701:
699:
697:
681:
677:
666:
662:
652:
650:
643:"JF-17 Thunder"
639:
630:
620:
618:
605:
604:
595:
582:
581:
572:
563:
562:
555:
546:
545:
541:
536:
468:
401:
289:
226:
221:
207:imposed by the
178:aircraft design
172:aerospace firm
164:variant of the
127:
110:
104:External images
88:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1475:
1474:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1283:Czechoslovakia
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1006:
999:
991:
983:
982:
978:978-9698553005
958:
933:
911:
897:
887:
869:
854:
839:
819:
808:on 6 July 2009
786:
757:
732:
709:
695:
675:
660:
628:
593:
570:
553:
538:
537:
535:
532:
467:
464:
400:
397:
288:
285:
242:MiG-29 Fulcrum
225:
222:
220:
217:
135:
134:
123:
122:
106:
105:
97:
96:
91:
89:Developed from
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
35:
30:
26:
25:
24:F-7S Sabre II
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1567:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1472:
1471:MiG-15 family
1467:
1461:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:Have Doughnut
1422:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1342:United States
1339:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1273:JL-9/FTC-2000
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:MFI-15 Safari
1057:
1055:
1054:K-8 Karakorum
1052:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:JF-17 Thunder
1031:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
989:
979:
975:
969:
967:
965:
963:
947:
943:
937:
921:
915:
907:
901:
895:
890:
884:
880:
873:
867:
865:
858:
852:
850:
843:
835:
834:
826:
824:
807:
803:
802:
797:
794:Alan Warnes.
790:
774:
770:
764:
762:
746:. PAF Falcons
745:
739:
737:
721:. Jalal Hamid
720:
713:
698:
692:
688:
687:
679:
673:
671:
664:
648:
644:
637:
635:
633:
616:
612:
608:
602:
600:
598:
589:
587:
579:
577:
575:
566:
560:
558:
549:
543:
539:
531:
529:
528:JF-17 Thunder
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
476:JF-17 Thunder
472:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
396:
394:
390:
385:
383:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
307:commissioned
306:
298:
293:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:procured the
239:
236:In 1982, the
230:
216:
214:
213:JF-17 Thunder
210:
209:United States
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:United States
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
141:
133:
124:
120:
116:
107:
102:
95:
92:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
72:
69:
68:
64:
62:Introduction
61:
60:
57:
54:
52:Design group
51:
50:
47:
44:
42:Manufacturer
41:
40:
34:
31:
28:
27:
22:
19:
1331:
1037:
949:. Retrieved
936:
924:. Retrieved
914:
900:
878:
872:
863:
857:
848:
842:
836:, p. 33
831:
810:. Retrieved
806:the original
799:
789:
779:16 September
777:. Retrieved
772:
748:. Retrieved
723:. Retrieved
712:
700:. Retrieved
685:
678:
669:
663:
651:. Retrieved
646:
641:Xiao, Ming.
619:. Retrieved
615:the original
585:
542:
513:
492:F-7P Skybolt
481:
433:
402:
386:
344:
325:
302:
269:Shenyang F-6
266:
246:Soviet Union
235:
186:
139:
138:
94:Chengdu F-7M
18:
1237:MiG-23 (II)
750:26 November
725:26 November
702:26 November
653:26 November
621:26 November
353:so a solid
1484:Categories
1469:See also:
1429:In fiction
1232:MiG-23 (I)
1219:Production
1156:Prototypes
696:189782923X
534:References
478:, in 2003.
427:prevented
384:aircraft.
264:fighters.
154:combat jet
73:Cancelled
1443:Variants
1439:Operators
1391:Faceplate
1357:YF-110B/D
425:sanctions
393:J52-P-409
244:from the
215:program.
203:in 1989.
189:sanctions
151:multirole
1332:Sabre II
1324:Pakistan
1252:variants
1148:Aircraft
1095:ES Falco
1047:Trainers
1038:Sabre II
1026:Fighters
1020:aircraft
951:21 March
926:21 March
812:12 April
429:transfer
367:turbofan
363:turbojet
351:fuselage
336:avionics
309:New York
170:American
148:low-cost
142:was the
1401:Fishcan
1396:Fishbed
1362:YF-110C
1314:Type 88
1309:Type 77
1268:J-7/F-7
1250:Foreign
1090:Ababeel
516:Mikoyan
436:embargo
413:Grumman
371:GE F404
347:Super-7
311:-based
275:of the
224:Origins
174:Grumman
162:Chinese
70:Status
1447:MiG-21
1417:Topics
1408:Mongol
1384:Analog
1227:MiG-21
1142:family
1140:MiG-21
976:
894:p. 169
885:
693:
490:, the
389:PW1216
375:PW1120
355:radome
273:Air HQ
166:MiG–21
1350:V-601
1301:India
1291:S-106
1260:China
1209:Ye-66
1204:Ye-50
1199:Ye-33
496:F-16s
197:China
117:, in
65:1987
29:Role
1194:Ye-8
1189:Ye-7
1184:Ye-6
1179:Ye-5
1174:Ye-4
1169:Ye-2
1164:Ye-1
1085:Baaz
1078:UAVs
974:ISBN
953:2010
928:2010
883:ISBN
814:2010
781:2016
752:2014
727:2014
704:2014
691:ISBN
655:2014
623:2014
500:ROSE
482:The
456:F-16
340:F-6s
332:F-7M
297:F-7M
258:F-7M
160:, a
1452:J-7
488:F-6
462:).
409:PAF
373:or
262:F-6
195:on
119:PAF
1486::
961:^
944:.
892:,
822:^
798:.
771:.
760:^
735:^
645:.
631:^
609:.
596:^
573:^
556:^
184:.
1129:e
1122:t
1115:v
1010:e
1003:t
996:v
980:.
955:.
930:.
908:.
816:.
783:.
754:.
729:.
706:.
657:.
625:.
590:.
567:.
550:.
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