29:
505:, representing commercial interests related to PASPA. The Court ruled in May 2018 in a 7–2 decision that parts of PASPA were unconstitutional as they commandeered power from the states, and in a 6–3 decision, determined that the whole of PASPA was unconstitutional. In the aftermath of the Court's ruling, numerous states, including New Jersey, proceeded to establish legalized sports betting.
406:. While the primarily legal challenge to the law came from New Jersey, other efforts to overturn it had been set in motion before the Supreme Court's decision in May 2018; this included a sports-betting bill being introduced in Kentucky, as well as the other states who were in the process of creating and or passing some form of
434:
could bring the suit. At the time, Governor
Christie believed it would be difficult to challenge the law. A 2010 referendum showed overwhelming support by state voters to legalize sports gambling, and by 2012, the state passed a law that would allow for sports gambling at licensed locations. This law
470:
Based on the Appeal Court's comment, New Jersey, now with
Governor Christie's blessing, passed a new law in 2014 that repealed a former state law that banned sports gambling. The four leagues and the NCAA filed suit against this new law, again arguing that it violated PASPA. The leagues and the NCAA
385:
became a leader, both in legislation and in the legal process, in support of the legalization of sports betting in the state, despite its original failure to take advantage of the 1-year carve out in the PASPA. The law is also known as the "Bradley Act", named for New Jersey
Senator and former NBA
429:
claiming, among other things, that the PASPA unconstitutionally discriminated among the states by allowing four states to offer sports betting while disallowing the other forty-six states from enjoying the privilege; however the case was dismissed as the court argued that only then-Governor
310:. In addition, Congress provided a one-year window of opportunity from the effective date of PASPA (January 1, 1993) for states which operated licensed casino gaming for the previous ten-year period to pass laws permitting sports wagering. The latter exception was clearly crafted with
467:, in a decision by Judge Julio M. Fuentes, found for the sports leagues, again ruling that the state law violated PASPA and enjoined the state from enacting the law. However, the Appeals Court also ruled that PASPA did not prevent New Jersey from repealing any existing laws it had.
361:
On June 26, 1991, the Senate
Judiciary Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks held public hearings on sports gambling. It found "(s)ports gambling is a national problem. The harms it inflicts are felt beyond the borders of those States that sanction it."
390:. New Jersey voters in 2011 approved a state constitutional amendment that would permit sports gambling. The next year, the state legislature enacted the Sports Wagering Act ("2012 Act"), allowing sports wagering at casinos and racetracks in the state.
756:
489:
The
Supreme Court accepted the case in June 2017 and heard oral arguments in December 2017. During this time, Governor Christie's term as governor expired and the term of his successor, Governor
370:, testified that "The interstate ramifications of sports betting are a compelling reason for federal legislation." In light of these findings, Congress exercised its authority under the
481:
to hear the case. New Jersey appealed this case to the United States
Supreme Court, requesting examination of PASPA under the anti-commandeering provisions of the Tenth Amendment.
455:
in August 2012, arguing the state's new law violated PASPA. The state argued that they knew the new law likely violated PASPA, but argued that PASPA itself violated the
460:
426:
459:'s protection against anti-commandeering federal laws that stripped the power of the state to repeal their own sports gambling ban. This case, heard in the
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1021:
189:
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463:, found for the sports leagues, dismissing the state's claims regarding PASPA. The state appealed the decision. On September 17, 2013, the
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757:"Constitutionality Of Sports Betting Prohibition At Issue In NCAA And Professional Leagues' Lawsuit Against New Jersey"
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of the U.S. Constitution reserves to the states all rights not explicitly granted to the federal government—such as
501:
175:
728:
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367:
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in mind. However, New Jersey failed to take advantage of this opportunity. Excluded from the reach of PASPA were
107:
99:
700:
673:
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had taken in over $ 300 billion from sports betting while paying local and state governments over $ 2 billion.
1122:
1066:
410:
and the formation of the pro-repeal
American Sports Betting Coalition, a lobby alliance which included the
374:
to enact the
Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) in 1992, codified at 28 U.S.C. § 3701.
69:
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788:
411:
620:
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Proponents of repeal typically asserted that the law as written was inherently unconstitutional, as the
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92:
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PASPA was formally challenged in the state of New Jersey. In March 2009, New Jersey State
Senator
1117:
143:
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167:
1083:
452:
152:
28:
8:
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1026:
283:, was a law, judicially-overturned in 2018, that was meant to define the legal status of
815:
729:"Gov. Christie signs bill allowing gamblers to place bets on pro, college sports teams"
319:
133:
349:
In less than six years since the repeal of PASPA (as of
January 2024), regulated
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224:
272:
477:
decisions from the Third Circuit by August 2016, leading the state to petition the
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705:
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674:"Casino, horse racing leaders push for legalization of sports betting in N.J."
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An Act to prohibit sports gambling under State law, and for other purposes.
838:"Appeals Court Upholds Constitutionality Of New Jersey Sports Betting Ban"
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363:
111:
291:
effectively outlawed sports betting nationwide, excluding a few states.
403:
382:
350:
311:
647:"Tribal, Commercial Casino Alliance On Sports Betting Gains Momentum"
1022:"Analysis | What the Supreme Court's sports gambling decision means"
969:"The NJ Sports Betting Case Gets Its Day In SCOTUS: What We Learned"
621:"New Kentucky Bill Would Legalize Sports Betting In Bluegrass State"
524:"Supreme Gamble: The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act"
315:
299:
868:"The odds of legalized sports betting: New Jersey vs. the leagues"
473:
303:
179:
44:
761:
307:
295:
543:"US Sports Betting Handle Surpassed $ 300 Billion Post-PAPSA"
944:"U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear N.J. sports betting case"
896:"N.J. loses again in quest to bring sports betting to state"
999:
872:
811:"Cash-Hungry States Eye Sports Betting, to Leagues' Dismay"
461:
United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
427:
United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
211:
on October 6, 1992 (agreed voice vote) with amendment
493:, began; the case before the Court was therefore styled
1097:
Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992
921:"Christie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association"
785:"Christie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association"
377:
260:
Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992
22:
Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992
306:
were exempt, as well as the licensed sports pools in
595:"Christie signs law allowing sports betting in N.J."
894:Johnson, Brent; Salant, Jonathan (August 9, 2016).
942:Johnson, Brent; Salant, Jonathan (June 28, 2017).
496:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
335:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
264:
249:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
499:. The case was combined with a separate petition
1104:
866:Purdum, David; Rodenberg, Ryan (March 3, 2018).
1057:"America's Gambling Addiction is Metastasizing"
996:"Supreme Court strikes down sports betting law"
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861:
859:
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893:
782:
1086:Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn.
856:
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217:on October 7, 1992 (agreed voice vote)
127:28 U.S.C.: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
1113:United States federal gambling legislation
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437:National Collegiate Athletic Association
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16:U.S. law mostly banning sports gambling
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993:
783:Schamis, Axel; Van Bramer, Katherine.
701:"Sports betting backed by N.J. voters"
540:
1019:
808:
698:
672:Spoto, MaryAnn (September 25, 2011).
671:
471:prevailed both in District Court and
541:Kelley, Zachary (January 17, 2024).
342:ruled that PASPA conflicts with the
1065:. November 26, 2021. Archived from
842:United States Department of Justice
727:Friedman, Matt (January 17, 2012).
699:Spoto, MaryAnn (November 8, 2011).
593:Johnson, Brent (October 17, 2014).
393:
378:Legislative efforts against the act
287:throughout the United States. This
13:
755:Heitner, Darren (August 7, 2012).
567:Rodefer, Jeffrey (March 5, 2007).
479:Supreme Court of the United States
416:National Indian Gaming Association
340:Supreme Court of the United States
294:The sports lotteries conducted in
269:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
14:
1139:
1099:, Chuck Humphrey, Gambling Law US
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244:Struck down by U.S. Supreme Court
502:NJ Thoroughbred Horsemen v. NCAA
366:, the then-commissioner for the
215:Senate agreed to House amendment
27:
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987:
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522:Lambert, Troy (July 18, 2017).
441:National Basketball Association
368:National Basketball Association
994:Purdum, David (May 14, 2018).
720:
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665:
639:
613:
534:
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465:Third Circuit Court of Appeals
1:
809:Drape, Joe (March 27, 2013).
508:
1020:Maese, Rick (May 14, 2018).
70:102nd United States Congress
7:
789:Legal Information Institute
412:American Gaming Association
236:United States Supreme Court
201:on June 2, 1992 (88–5
10:
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408:sports betting legislation
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332:In a May 2018 decision in
485:US Supreme Court decision
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64:
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35:
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445:National Football League
569:"Sports Protection Act"
425:filed a lawsuit in the
186:Committee consideration
547:LegalSportsBetting.com
449:National Hockey League
435:was challenged by the
182:) on February 22, 1991
1069:on February 11, 2023.
453:Major League Baseball
1123:1992 in American law
844:. September 17, 2013
653:. September 25, 2017
627:. September 20, 2017
1027:The Washington Post
973:Legal Sports Report
651:Legal Sports Report
625:Legal Sports Report
573:gambling-law-us.com
404:gambling regulation
227:on October 28, 1992
153:Legislative history
23:
975:. December 4, 2017
816:The New York Times
203:Roll call vote 111
21:
275:), also known as
256:
255:
225:George H. W. Bush
205:, via Senate.gov)
199:Passed the Senate
166:in the Senate as
101:Statutes at Large
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1092:SupremeCourt.gov
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423:Raymond Lesniak
400:Tenth Amendment
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372:Commerce Clause
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344:Tenth Amendment
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252:on May 14, 2018
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221:Signed into law
194:House Judiciary
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65:Enacted by
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1084:Opinion for
1067:the original
1062:The Atlantic
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1039:. Retrieved
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989:
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923:. SCOTUSblog
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903:. Retrieved
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820:. Retrieved
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118:Codification
48:(colloquial)
18:
979:December 5,
657:October 24,
631:October 24,
552:January 18,
491:Phil Murphy
364:David Stern
351:sportsbooks
281:Bradley Act
168:S. 474
60:Bradley Act
1128:Sports law
1107:Categories
509:References
383:New Jersey
327:dog racing
320:parimutuel
312:New Jersey
164:Introduced
89:Public law
36:Long title
1036:0190-8286
879:March 16,
794:March 18,
740:March 16,
712:March 16,
684:March 16,
140:28 U.S.C.
106:106
84:Citations
76:Effective
57:Nicknames
1088:(16-476)
953:July 22,
927:July 26,
905:July 23,
848:July 24,
822:July 24,
768:July 24,
605:July 24,
578:July 24,
414:and the
316:jai alai
300:Delaware
45:Acronyms
1041:May 14,
1005:May 14,
474:en banc
357:History
304:Montana
279:or the
273:102–559
265:Pub. L.
144:ch. 178
93:102-559
1034:
762:Forbes
451:, and
447:, the
443:, the
439:, the
338:, the
308:Nevada
302:, and
296:Oregon
271:
134:U.S.C.
110:
1090:from
386:star
323:horse
277:PASPA
238:cases
142:
108:Stat.
52:PASPA
1043:2018
1032:ISSN
1007:2018
1000:ESPN
981:2017
955:2017
929:2017
907:2017
881:2018
873:ESPN
850:2017
824:2017
796:2018
770:2017
742:2018
714:2018
686:2018
659:2017
633:2017
607:2017
580:2017
554:2024
325:and
258:The
112:4227
68:the
289:act
246:in
188:by
170:by
1109::
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1024:.
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858:^
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