43:
328:... maintain ... or provide in legislation that the producer shall be liable even if he proves that the state of scientific and technical knowledge at the time when he put the product into circulation was not such as to enable the existence of a defect to be discovered.
178:
264:
Articles 1 to 12 create a scheme of strict product liability for damage arising from defective products. This liability is in addition to any existing rights that consumers enjoy under domestic law (article 13).
799:"Third report on the application of Council Directive on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products"
251:... liability without fault on the part of the producer is the sole means of adequately solving the problem, peculiar to our age of increasing technicality, of a fair apportionment of the
379:
Loi du 25/02/1991 relative à la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux - Wet van 25/02/1991 betreffende de aansprakelijkheid voor produkten met gebreken.
216:, issue directives for the approximation of such laws, regulations or administrative provisions of the members states as directly affect the establishment of the
53:
Directive on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products
1079:
979:
987:
Shears, P.; et al. (2001). "Food for thought - What mad cows have wrought with respect to food safety regulation in the EU and UK".
1089:
643:
498:
1074:
232:
of the producer for damage caused by the defectiveness of his products is necessary because the existing divergences may distort
193:
noted that this work had started, and refrained from making their own recommendations. A second EU programme followed in 1981.
74:
147:
1044:
824:"Targeted consultation: Impact Assessment study on the possible revision of the Product Liability Directive 85/374/EEC"
694:(17 March 1978). "Pearson Report: Plan for 'no fault' compensation for road accident victims financed by petrol tax".
1023:
915:
879:
856:
520:
aan de richtlijn van de Raad van de
Europese Gemeenschappen inzake de aansprakelijkheid voor produkten met gebreken
1084:
297:
798:
774:
1039:
139:
80:
741:
237:
536:
1064:
775:"Report from the Commission on the Application of Directive 85/374 on Liability for Defective Products"
143:
25:
890:
478:
381:
277:
233:
823:
403:
2. Zákon, kterým se měnà zákon č. 59/1998 Sb., o odpovědnosti za škodu způsobenou vadou výrobku
171:
155:
33:
200:
to the directive cites Art. 100 (subsequently renumbered to Art. 94, then to Art. 115) of the
973:
670:
1069:
289:
8:
213:
167:
557:
Article 21 demanded that the
Commission report to the council on the application of the
154:
for defective products applicable in all member states of the
European Union, the other
1009:
964:
947:
517:
186:
622:
In 2021, the
European Commission conducted an Impact Assessment study on the possible
1019:
911:
875:
852:
352:, they only come into force on persons in member states when implemented in national
175:
996:
959:
934:
874:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. Ch.28 Completion of the Single Market.
273:
151:
671:"European Convention on Products Liability in regard to Personal Injury and Death"
1059:
459:
229:
1011:
Cases, Materials and Texts on
National, Supranational and International Tort Law
691:
201:
1000:
1053:
349:
217:
205:
938:
240:
within the common market and entail a differing degree of protection of the
419:
Lov nr. 371 af 07/06/1989 om produktansvar. Justitsmin.L.A. 1988-46002-11.
868:
596:
353:
285:
166:
The
Council adopted a resolution in 1975 for a preliminary programme on
948:"The evolution of the single market - harmonisation or liberalisation?"
421:
337:
325:
179:
Convention on
Products Liability in regard to Personal Injury and Death
696:
158:
members (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) and the United
Kingdom.
241:
197:
174:. Moves towards a strict liability regime in Europe began with the
228:... approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the
333:
605:
but recommendations on further data gathering and expert review
245:
945:
925:
Hodges, C. (1998). "Development risks: Unanswered questions".
212:
The
Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the
252:
401:
1. Zákon o odpovědnosti za škodu způsobenou vadou výrobku
897:
190:
902:(2nd ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell. pp.
516:
Wet van 13 September 1990 houdende aanpassing van het
865:
356:. Article 19 demanded implementation within 3 years.
742:"Council Directive 85/374/EEC - national provisions"
244:
against damage caused by a defective product to his
150:(now the European Union) which created a regime of
867:
1051:
425:A haefte 58 udgivet den 09/06/1989 s.1260. JLOV
312:gives member states the option of adopting the
292:(article 2) but this exception was repealed by
1007:
891:Green Paper - Liability for defective products
255:inherent in modern technological production;
978:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
846:
332:As of 2004, all EU member states other than
303:
690:
111:See table detailing implementation by state
986:
924:
644:Official Journal of the European Community
457:Act 98-389, Arts 1386–1 to 1386-18 of the
343:
340:had taken advantage of it to some extent.
1045:Text of the amending Directive 1999/34/EC
963:
499:Liability for Defective Products Act 1991
1080:1985 in the European Economic Community
946:McGee, A. & Weatherill, S. (1990).
898:Giliker, P. & Beckwith, S. (2004).
1052:
16:European Union Directive (EU) 1985/374
866:Craig, P. & De BĂşrca, G. (2003).
1014:. Oxford: Hart Publishing. pp.
1008:van Gerven, W.; et al. (2000).
626:of the Product Liability Directive.
148:Council of the European Communities
13:
965:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1990.tb01826.x
599:was carried out before the review.
348:Because EU directives do not have
276:, these being covered by existing
14:
1101:
1090:Food safety in the European Union
1033:
870:EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials
41:
1075:1985 in international relations
851:. London: Sweet & Maxwell.
815:
791:
767:
595:Consultation of the basis of a
1040:Text of the original Directive
758:
734:
728:Giliker & Beckwith (2004)
722:
713:
704:
684:
663:
650:
636:
1:
840:
161:
61:Council of the European Union
537:Consumer Protection Act 1987
7:
888:European Commission (1999)
280:(article 14). The original
224:The preamble then goes on:
137:Product Liability Directive
81:L210, 07/08/1985, pp. 29-33
10:
1106:
764:European Commission (1999)
573:Principal recommendations
259:
1001:10.1108/00070700110383217
673:. Council of Europe. 1977
572:
569:
566:
552:
370:
367:
364:
361:
320:1. Each Member State may:
314:development risks defence
304:Development risks defence
278:international conventions
204:and the aim to achieve a
128:
120:
115:
107:
99:
91:
86:
73:
65:
57:
49:
40:
31:
24:
629:
385:du 22/03/1991 Page 5884
365:Means of implementation
308:Article 15(1)(b) of the
296:following concerns over
26:European Union directive
1085:Consumer protection law
939:10.1111/1468-2230.00163
368:Date of implementation
344:Implementation by state
330:
257:
222:
172:information technology
847:Clark, A. M. (1989).
480:Produkthaftungsgesetz
318:
226:
210:
183:Strasbourg Convention
129:Substantially amended
989:British Food Journal
894:, COM(1999)396 final
613:COM/2006/0496 final
592:COM/2000/0893 final
294:directive 1999/34/EC
290:agricultural produce
20:Directive 85/374/EEC
700:. p. 4, col D.
272:does not extend to
168:consumer protection
108:Implementation date
21:
656:van Gerven (2000)
610:14 September 2006
561:every five years.
518:Burgerlijk Wetboek
284:did not extend to
187:Pearson Commission
19:
1065:Product liability
952:Modern Law Review
927:Modern Law Review
849:Product Liability
620:
619:
581:COM/95/617 final
578:12 December 1995
550:
549:
485:15 December 1989
388:25 February 1991
274:nuclear accidents
238:movement of goods
176:Council of Europe
133:
132:
116:Other legislation
1097:
1029:
1004:
983:
977:
969:
967:
942:
921:
885:
873:
862:
834:
833:
831:
830:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
795:
789:
788:
786:
785:
771:
765:
762:
756:
755:
753:
752:
738:
732:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
702:
701:
688:
682:
681:
679:
678:
667:
661:
654:
648:
640:
589:9 February 2000
564:
563:
523:1 November 1990
503:4 December 1991
441:Võlaõigusseadus
359:
358:
152:strict liability
100:Entry into force
45:
44:
22:
18:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1050:
1049:
1036:
1026:
971:
970:
918:
882:
859:
843:
838:
837:
828:
826:
822:
820:
816:
807:
805:
797:
796:
792:
783:
781:
773:
772:
768:
763:
759:
750:
748:
740:
739:
735:
727:
723:
718:
714:
709:
705:
689:
685:
676:
674:
669:
668:
664:
655:
651:
641:
637:
632:
600:
555:
546:
533:United Kingdom
528:
508:
490:
470:
449:
433:
411:
402:
398:Czech Republic
393:
346:
323:
321:
306:
262:
250:
249:
236:and affect the
185:) in 1977. The
164:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1103:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1034:External links
1032:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1005:
984:
958:(5): 578–596.
943:
933:(4): 560–570.
922:
916:
895:
886:
880:
863:
857:
842:
839:
836:
835:
814:
790:
766:
757:
733:
721:
712:
703:
683:
662:
649:
634:
633:
631:
628:
618:
617:
614:
611:
607:
606:
601:No changes to
593:
590:
586:
585:
582:
579:
575:
574:
571:
568:
554:
551:
548:
547:
544:
542:
539:
534:
530:
529:
526:
524:
521:
514:
510:
509:
506:
504:
501:
496:
492:
491:
488:
486:
483:
476:
472:
471:
468:
466:
463:
455:
451:
450:
447:
445:
442:
439:
435:
434:
431:
429:
426:
417:
413:
412:
409:
407:
404:
399:
395:
394:
391:
389:
386:
382:Moniteur belge
377:
373:
372:
369:
366:
363:
345:
342:
324:(b) by way of
305:
302:
261:
258:
202:Treaty of Rome
163:
160:
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
84:
83:
78:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1102:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1025:1-84113-139-3
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
981:
975:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
919:
917:0-421-85980-6
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
893:
892:
887:
883:
881:0-19-924943-1
877:
872:
871:
864:
860:
858:0-421-38880-3
854:
850:
845:
844:
825:
818:
804:
800:
794:
780:
776:
770:
761:
747:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:Shears (2001)
716:
707:
699:
698:
693:
687:
672:
666:
659:
653:
646:
645:
639:
635:
627:
625:
615:
612:
609:
608:
604:
598:
594:
591:
588:
587:
583:
580:
577:
576:
565:
562:
560:
543:
541:1 March 1988
540:
538:
535:
532:
531:
525:
522:
519:
515:
512:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
494:
493:
487:
484:
482:
481:
477:
474:
473:
467:
464:
462:
461:
456:
453:
452:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
430:
427:
424:
423:
418:
415:
414:
408:
405:
400:
397:
396:
390:
387:
384:
383:
378:
375:
374:
362:Member state
360:
357:
355:
351:
350:direct effect
341:
339:
335:
329:
327:
317:
315:
311:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
256:
254:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
225:
221:
219:
218:common market
215:
209:
207:
206:single market
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:Art. 100 TEEC
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
35:
30:
27:
23:
1015:
1010:
995:(1): 63–87.
992:
988:
974:cite journal
955:
951:
930:
926:
907:
903:
899:
889:
869:
848:
827:. Retrieved
821:CSES (2021)
817:
806:. Retrieved
802:
793:
782:. Retrieved
778:
769:
760:
749:. Retrieved
745:
736:
729:
724:
715:
706:
695:
686:
675:. Retrieved
665:
657:
652:
642:
638:
623:
621:
602:
558:
556:
513:Netherlands
479:
465:19 May 1998
458:
428:9 June 1989
420:
380:
347:
331:
319:
313:
309:
307:
293:
281:
269:
267:
263:
248:or property;
227:
223:
211:
195:
182:
165:
136:
134:
103:30 July 1985
95:25 July 1985
1070:1985 in law
710:OJ C 133/1
692:Berlins, M.
597:Green Paper
354:legislation
288:or primary
234:competition
1054:Categories
841:References
829:2021-10-20
808:2008-04-16
784:2008-04-16
751:2008-04-16
677:2008-04-30
570:Reference
460:Civil Code
422:Lovtidende
338:Luxembourg
326:derogation
214:Commission
162:Background
140:85/374/EEC
124:1999/34/EC
121:Amended by
66:Made under
32:Text with
1018:643–683.
697:The Times
603:directive
559:directive
371:Comments
310:directive
282:directive
270:directive
230:liability
144:directive
92:Date made
77:reference
36:relevance
624:revision
495:Ireland
475:Germany
438:Estonia
416:Denmark
376:Belgium
242:consumer
198:preamble
803:EUR-Lex
779:EUR-Lex
746:EUR-Lex
545:—
527:—
507:—
489:—
469:—
454:France
448:—
432:—
410:—
392:—
334:Finland
260:Content
189:in the
146:of the
87:History
75:Journal
58:Made by
1060:Safety
1022:
914:
878:
855:
647:C 92/2
553:Review
246:health
908:9–038
904:9–014
730:9-029
630:Notes
616:None
584:None
567:Date
253:risks
181:(the
142:is a
50:Title
1020:ISBN
980:link
912:ISBN
900:Tort
876:ISBN
853:ISBN
336:and
286:game
268:The
196:The
170:and
135:The
997:doi
993:103
960:doi
935:doi
660:643
322:...
298:BSE
156:EEA
34:EEA
1056::
1016:pp
991:.
976:}}
972:{{
956:53
954:.
950:.
931:61
929:.
910:.
906:-
801:.
777:.
744:.
658:p.
444:?
406:?
316::
300:.
220:.
208::
191:UK
1028:.
1003:.
999::
982:)
968:.
962::
941:.
937::
920:.
884:.
861:.
832:.
811:.
787:.
754:.
680:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.