368:, the second phase of the privatisation programme began in 1993 under the "disciplined macroeconomics policy" of Prime minister Benazir Bhutto. Her programme aimed to capitalise on the rising business oligarch class but the programme suffered with great difficulties and problems even inside the peoples party. The second phase involves the privatisation of financial institutions, several telecommunications corporations, thermal power plants, oil and gas sectors. Benazir's government did not privatize all state corporations, especially those who were collecting large revenues abroad; only certain industries were privatised which were at the brink of
620:'s intellectuals remains skeptical about the privatisation programme and targeted the controversial implementation on numerous occasions. The peoples party maintained that "an elitist or top-notch educational system" which exceedingly comprises private sector’s foreign affiliated schools and universities, has built the "sole source" of producing some proficient minds. While on the other hand, the privatised Madrassah system of education has been patronise different sects of religion, patronise different sects of religion, and further exploited as source of religious extremism and associated with terrorist outfits and their offshoot. The
248:
22:
539:
gearing up the negative sentiments among the population, including the continued injection of public money in many privatised entities and less than expected improvement in the services. Although, the programme produced a relatively faster and efficient way of promoting competition and enhancing growth, on the other hand, the programme experienced the exponential increase in unemployment, reducing the access of workers' class to the basic needs of life and contributed in declining the social status of workers' class in to
464:
5015:
4162:
276:. The first phase of the privatisation programme covered the half of the public sector industries in terms of total employment, and the programme was in a direct response to Pakistan Peoples Party and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and for instance Sharif's privatisation programme was swift as nationalisation programme. During the course of first phase, Sharif presided the denationalisation of banking sector and industries to private sector, starting first with
4172:
956:
168:
1954:
1935:
1918:
732:
414:
437:
restructured them before setting them to privatization market. Numbers of controversial sales tex were enforced by
Shaukat Aziz, mostly on import duties; and based on these reforms, patronage-based industries remained under serious threat and privatisation discussion began to take place on usual based. Aziz consistently worked on to restructured the industries and provided a vital leadership and
705:
387:" of this government. Please never mention the railways to me again." The economic growth declined when the US embargo began to bite the government of Benazir Bhutto. By the end of 1996, ~20 industrial units, one financial institution, one electric power plant and 12% shares of Pakistan Telecommunications Ltd. were privatised by Benazir Bhutto.
472:
collapse.". Aziz's privatisation programme subsequently improved the country’s growth rate by 6.4%—8.6% a year. Inflation rate dropped to 3.5% in last 3 years as against 11–12% in 1990. However, in the end of 2007, Aziz's privatisation programme suffered a major set back which initially halted the privatisation programme in the country. The
635:(NUST), set forward his argumentative thesis that there are two reasons behind why the privatisation has not been successful as was originally perceived are economic reasons and socio-psychological and political reasons. In the 1990s, the privatised enterprises have laid off employees by introducing schemes like golden hand shake.
447:
Aziz forcefully and aggressively pushed 100% privatisation of state-owned corporations while virtually planned to privatised 85% of banking sector. Starting from 2003 until 2007, Aziz successfully privatized 80% of the banking industry into private-ownership enterprises, while privatizing the numbers
612:
were proposed by the finance ministry to privatise the power distribution companies. Major worker's strike were initiated by the central labour unions, and after receiving much criticism, his government halted the privatisation programme of energy sector, and nationalised the remaining power sector
538:
The privatisation programme still marks the question of "big" controversies. In public circles, it has generated much more heated debates where it is perceived to have more negative impact on civil society. The general perception remains highly contentious and polarising issue in the civil society,
238:
Nawaz Sharif who presided the liquidation of many industrial units put under provisional government to private sector. All industries based on Punjab government ownership were returned to its rightful owners on a mutual understanding; the prices on units returned to industrialists are still kept as
142:
who under intensified their nationalisation programme had effectively the government-ownership management in the private industries of
Pakistan; it had built a strong public-sector with priority on cement, steel and fertilizers. After the end of government of peoples party, a white paper was issued
587:
Despite its success, the public sector organisations, labour and workers unions remained extremely hostile towards the privatisation programmes. In 2005, major demonstrations and worker's revolt took place in
Islamabad by the PTCL Workers Unions Action Committee, in an attempt to privatized the
436:
to take the control of declining economy of
Pakistan. The GDP rate had declined from 10.0% in the 1980s to 3.6% in 1999, with foreign debt increased to 44% up as compared to 1986. Major economic reforms were introduced by Shaukat Aziz who first consolidated the industries under one platform and
310:
The privatisation programme came with great surrounding controversies with lacked competition as the programme was largely controlled by favoured insider. The recklessness and favouritism shown in privatisation of the industrial and banking units by Prime minister Nawaz Sharif was to become the
222:
In May 1990, the government offered 10 percent of PIA's shares for Rs. 27.4 million, with a promise of a 12.5 percent minimum cash dividend for the following three years. Despite these efforts, other enterprises targeted for privatization remained unsold due to limited interest from the private
471:
Intensified privatisation policies had major impact on public sector organisation which diminished with the privatization of the state-owned corporations. Prime minister Aziz defended his privatisation programme as he maintained that "these institutions viable while they were on the verge of
1642:
It seems that the damage done to the railways system by our lack of leadership and management has not crippled the institution just yet – the prime minister has just announced a business class service to be offered from
February 3, 2012. This is not a novel idea, but a good one
190:
By August 1989, a committee was established under the supervision of the
Minister of State for Finance to oversee this initiative. With consultation from Rothschild's, the committee reviewed several state-owned enterprises for potential privatization, including
488:, while issued standing orders to keep the Steel Mills under the nationalization programme. The proceedings and Supreme Court's decision initially halted Aziz's intensified and aggressive privatisation programme at the end days of his tenure.
1578:
Pakistan has sold a total of 166 state-owned enterprises for Rs476.5 billion since 1990 to finance budget deficit, cut losses and improve efficiencies of the mismanaged entities through privatisation aimed at spurring economic growth and job
112:
increased dramatically in the 1990s that halted the programme by
Benazir Bhutto. Revisions were made in 1999, and finally launched the much more intensified privatisation programme under the watchful presiding leadership of Prime minister
595:
In 2012, an unsuccessful attempt was carried out by current government of
Pakistan Peoples Party when the government sought to privatise the mega-state corporations, particularly the power sector; major nationalised industries such as
578:
argued that the national railways' condition has gone from bad to worse under government ownership, and only privatisation programme can save the railways with the creation of sense of competition that would drive improvement.
452:
Nothing is sacred... We are packaging up our companies. (....).... These state-owned corporations (SOEs) have been well-run for the past few years.... and now we are offering them to investors from all over the
1612:
y
Pakistan's economy is in dire need of privatisation which must also include large and inefficient public sector organisations that are depriving the national exchequer of huge sums of money year after
1105:
Benazir and the PPP, criticized Nawaz Sharif's efforts at privatization, calling them the "loot and plunder" of
Pakistan and saying his plan favored large investors and ran roughshod over labor
1402:
Pakistan's only steel company, created more than 20 years ago with Soviet technical expertise and financial help, has come full circle after being sold last month to a Russian-led consortium.
303:
were set off to private sector. From 1990 to 1993, around 115 industrial units were hastily privatised, including the privatisation two major banks, 68 industrial units and 10% Shares of
556:, it argues that the privatisation programme has been a key "constituent of structural reform" programmes in both, the developed and developing economies, in order to achieve greater
405:. All stock exchange, stock markets and the second phase of the privatisation programme were immediately halted by Prime minister Nawaz Sharif until his government was ended in 1999.
219:. The objective was to integrate the savings of numerous private investors into the stock market, enhancing its stability and standards, a necessity identified since the early 1980s.
1444:
311:
hallmark and the rise of strong business oligarch who have concentrated enormous assets, further increasing the wealth gap in Pakistan and contributing to the political instability.
564:. Overall, the GDP rate grows smoothly with privatisation programme remains in effect as opposed to nationalisation programme that it had dropped the GDP growth rate of Pakistan,
865:
Pakistan has had the most broad-based structural reform of any country in Asia. Last year, we were the second fastest growing economy in the world after China. We grew at 8.4%
291:
with the goal to transform the enterprises into profit-seeking businesses, not depended to the government subsidies for their survival. The mega-energy corporations such as
108:
in the country. But, as a result a good deal of the national wealth fell into the hands of a relatively small group of so-called business oligarchs (tycoons), and the
632:
1365:
Better economic relations between India and Pakistan depend on both countries joining forces to build a gas pipeline to Iran, Pakistan's prime minister has said.
4992:
390:
The second phase remained continued until 1998 when it was abruptly ended by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif after imposing economic emergency after ordering to
144:
2105:
4873:
82:
In the period of the 1970s, all major private industries and utilities were put under the government ownership in an intensified programme, called the
2903:
1535:
4331:
4248:
3519:
86:
that led the economic disaster in Pakistan. Since then, the demand for denationalisation gained currency towards the ending of the government of
4748:
4483:
269:. The privatisation programme was inspired and influenced in its nature after witnessing the success of the privatisation in Great-Britain by
4208:
3653:
4423:
4406:
3023:
1452:
1759:
117:
in 2004. Finally, the programme was ended effectively at the end of 2007 when ~80%–90% of the industries were put under the management of
2801:
1861:
1478:
3300:
890:
379:
but the proposal met with great hostility by the workers union and opposition. Proposals were also made to put the private-ownership to
71:
in 1989–90. The programme was envisaged and visioned to improve the GDP growth of the national economy of Pakistan, and reversal of the
3032:
2948:
398:
3580:
789:
592:(PTCL). Despite the demonstrations the state-corporation was privatised by Shaukat Aziz which resulted in workers’ losing their jobs.
2958:
2029:
1978:
995:
4129:
4104:
2852:
2746:
2606:
4488:
3379:
3187:
2670:
467:
The intensified privatisation programme led the economic boom of Pakistan's economy which was at the range of 8.96%–9.0% in 2004.
444:
In 2004, Aziz became Prime minister and initiated an intensified privatisation programme in order to grow the GDP rate annually.
438:
90:
in 1977, although a commission was set up by General Zia-ul-Haq government but no denationalisation programme began until 1990.
4987:
3374:
3295:
2451:
624:
education system negative effects of private sector education and it hashas created a disparity between the rich and the poor.
589:
300:
200:
5057:
5037:
4119:
4069:
3352:
3110:
2910:
2813:
2706:
1415:
1251:
597:
292:
187:, promising to denationalised and replace with the industrialisation programme by means other than the state intervention.
5042:
4471:
3050:
2898:
429:
1182:
1152:
1125:
5052:
5047:
4977:
4936:
4709:
4379:
4319:
3456:
3165:
2953:
2576:
2425:
320:
1787:
1785:
4758:
4721:
4389:
4273:
3575:
3008:
2736:
1321:
304:
231:
1241:
4810:
4785:
4384:
4201:
4094:
3983:
2741:
1991:
1782:
1211:
1008:
900:
601:
1845:
Under Nationalization programme, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto gave hope and honour to Pakistan's poor and downtrodden people.
568:
maintained. Major proposals were made to privatise the major and most-profitable industries of Pakistan, namely the
4868:
4743:
4038:
3192:
3153:
2835:
2830:
2786:
2721:
2494:
1824:
1793:
1626:
365:
266:
176:
134:
The momentum and demands for denationalisation gained currency towards the end of the government of Prime minister
93:
The privatisation programme was launched on 22 January 1991 by Prime minister Nawaz Sharif in a vision to promote
46:
2506:
1800:. The Directorate for Press and Public Relations of the Pakistan Peoples Party (Akhtar). p. 1. Archived from
425:
4997:
4805:
4699:
4013:
3529:
3466:
3414:
2818:
2680:
2665:
2466:
609:
512:
296:
204:
64:
25:
The poverty expenditure rate statistically dropped to 34.5%—17.2% in 2008 as part of the privatisation programme.
5002:
4731:
4650:
4285:
4074:
3963:
3506:
3357:
3337:
3327:
3290:
3197:
2711:
2601:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1162:
1135:
605:
485:
4888:
4694:
4682:
4478:
4461:
4416:
4374:
4326:
4225:
4099:
4048:
3968:
3832:
3680:
3501:
3399:
3100:
3015:
2685:
2022:
332:
171:
The privatisation programme launched in Punjab which had the higher GDP growth than any province of Pakistan.
1370:
5018:
4768:
4763:
4704:
4564:
4515:
4446:
4441:
4369:
4349:
4341:
4290:
4194:
4079:
3943:
3938:
3628:
3615:
3545:
3461:
3429:
3409:
3222:
2965:
2808:
2791:
2675:
2561:
2415:
2389:
2362:
1029:
1027:
481:
376:
339:
42:
3524:
2581:
441:
also played an important role in strengthening the patronage-based industries financially and physically.
4893:
4878:
4778:
4689:
4552:
4537:
4359:
4354:
4114:
4109:
4053:
4028:
3973:
3933:
3565:
3367:
3182:
3177:
3138:
3077:
2731:
2596:
2566:
2556:
2551:
2420:
1539:
877:
644:
83:
72:
1816:
1024:
258:
A large-scale privatisation programme was launched on 22 January 1991 as the primary economic policy by
4280:
3988:
3827:
3709:
3148:
3115:
2970:
2941:
2845:
2716:
2690:
2586:
2461:
2347:
2322:
654:
649:
345:
enthusiastically projected the privatisation as a "success phase", Benazir Bhutto had, with a touch of
259:
235:
56:
49:
383:
but it was rebuffed by Prime minister Benazir Bhutto who quoted: "Railways privatisation will be the "
4982:
4602:
4532:
4394:
4364:
4084:
4033:
4003:
3772:
3494:
3305:
3060:
3055:
2571:
2489:
2471:
2367:
2085:
1831:. Directorate for the Press and Public Relations of Pakistan Peoples Party. p. 1. Archived from
546:
But on the other hand, a significant support for the privatisation programme has been raised in the
4847:
4842:
4825:
4820:
4134:
4023:
3820:
3759:
3744:
3729:
3687:
3439:
3160:
3133:
2770:
2481:
2306:
2157:
2110:
2015:
1713:
402:
448:
of shares of Pakistan International Airlines and other mega-corporations into the public circles.
4863:
4716:
4619:
4547:
4520:
4411:
3928:
3777:
3692:
3404:
3322:
3310:
3170:
3072:
2357:
2327:
704:
Khan, Mubbsher Munawar; Mohammad Zafar Yaqub; Farida Faisal; Muhammad Asim Khan (4 April 2011).
4815:
4672:
4660:
4525:
4268:
3810:
3704:
3675:
3446:
3315:
2988:
2936:
2926:
2875:
2591:
2430:
2337:
2291:
2218:
2122:
1767:
617:
473:
350:
324:
277:
270:
192:
139:
87:
4089:
1744:
4941:
4908:
4898:
4738:
4635:
4609:
4557:
4456:
4433:
3923:
3913:
3782:
3660:
3648:
3362:
3214:
3202:
3105:
3095:
3067:
3042:
2893:
2840:
2533:
2301:
2271:
2203:
2147:
2070:
224:
4124:
1313:
4883:
4837:
4753:
4726:
4677:
4574:
4498:
4314:
4302:
3993:
3866:
3861:
3842:
3734:
3699:
3665:
3424:
3391:
3087:
2753:
2726:
2410:
2405:
2296:
1661:
1176:
1174:
797:
628:
501:
477:
156:
4451:
247:
8:
4832:
4773:
4597:
4569:
4217:
4155:
3978:
3918:
3871:
3643:
3638:
3603:
3550:
3489:
3473:
3419:
3347:
3332:
3272:
3143:
2931:
2796:
2657:
2632:
2456:
2052:
1687:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
659:
574:
516:
135:
105:
94:
2823:
1340:
1171:
1088:
331:, vehemently criticised the whole policy measure programme at the public circles. While
4919:
4645:
4579:
4307:
4043:
3887:
3837:
3815:
3767:
3723:
3451:
3434:
3249:
3244:
3000:
2384:
2132:
1732:
1595:
1562:
703:
394:
369:
335:
216:
196:
978:
284:
by encouraging greater private saving and investment to accelerate economic growth.".
4903:
4665:
4655:
4640:
4542:
4466:
4171:
4165:
3955:
3908:
3856:
3794:
3749:
3670:
3633:
2763:
2758:
2377:
2372:
2352:
2198:
2100:
1987:
1317:
1247:
1158:
1131:
1004:
896:
569:
547:
380:
273:
118:
101:
4915:
3739:
3560:
3237:
2637:
2342:
1303:
1271:
1267:
552:
212:
208:
184:
76:
21:
1385:
1348:
1036:"The Economic Policies of the first Nawaz Sharif Government 1990–93:Privatization"
849:
4951:
4297:
4175:
4018:
3511:
3125:
2228:
2117:
1829:
Abdul Nishapuri, Directorate Press for Public Relations of Pakistan Peoples Party
540:
496:
The government will likely fetch Rs100 billion in fiscal year (FY21) through the
346:
143:
by General Zia-ul-Haq's government, followed by setting up the commission under
3893:
3714:
2276:
2243:
2233:
2223:
2213:
2142:
1040:
Dr. Abdus Samad, Author of "Governance, Economic Policy and Reform in Pakistan"
621:
561:
358:
328:
180:
60:
823:
766:
227:, resulting in new elections and the establishment of a coalition government.
151:. However, only three industries were returned to its rightful owners, namely
5031:
4961:
4399:
4243:
3342:
3232:
3227:
2266:
2152:
2127:
2090:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
557:
497:
223:
sector. The process was interrupted when the government was dissolved by the
152:
1798:
The Directorate for Press and Public Relations of the Pakistan Peoples Party
1390:
BBC Pakistan Asia Business Report editor, BBC World, Port Mohammad Bin Qasim
4238:
4233:
3555:
2647:
2435:
2238:
2173:
2095:
463:
433:
417:
354:
262:
251:
114:
68:
52:
747:
265:
who came to national power after securing a flight-winning victory in the
3623:
2622:
2476:
2332:
2286:
2193:
2188:
2183:
1065:
342:
288:
281:
1832:
1801:
1035:
280:. Sharif termed his privatization programme as "turning Pakistan into a
3998:
3719:
2642:
2627:
2501:
2208:
933:
508:
507:
Initial work for the privatisation of power distribution companies and
384:
148:
109:
97:
4186:
1794:"Bhutto's nationalization policy: A response to PM Gilani's statement"
4946:
1618:
2007:
1504:
781:
3848:
2178:
2137:
2080:
2038:
1890:
1445:"Steel Mills corruption case: SC transfers inquiry from FIA to NAB"
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1205:
1203:
895:. United States: Greewood publishing Group, Inc. pp. 182–250.
678:
391:
1955:"Why Privatization is necessary for economical growth in Pakistan"
1862:"If Rs300b spending on PSEs stops Govt can control budget deficit"
1589:
1587:
1080:
167:
4008:
2075:
1554:
948:
934:"HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LIBERALIZATION SINCE 1947 IN PAKISTAN"
931:
843:
841:
527:
1986:. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
1285:
1200:
1042:. Author of "Governance, Economic Policy and Reform in Pakistan"
1003:. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
519:
in Kasur, two RLNG-based power plants, was in the final phases.
45:
of Pakistan. It was first conceived and implemented by the then-
4956:
3900:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1584:
523:
413:
1505:"Privatisation Commission auctions Lahore hotel for Rs1.951bn"
1301:
Cohen, Stephen P. (2004). "General Musharraf, the Economist".
838:
59:, in an attempt to enable the nationalised industries towards
4614:
1157:(1st ed.). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 208.
882:
1648:
3787:
2281:
706:"Privatization in Emerging Markets: Pakistan's perspective"
432:
from Prime minister Nawaz Sharif, Pervez Musharraf invited
1529:
1527:
1525:
1825:"Was nationalisation policy measure programme a mistake?"
1479:"Privatisation likely to fetch Rs100bn this year: Soomro"
1312:. Brookings Institution Press (September 2004). pp.
1964:. Dr. Ishrat Hussain, State Bank of Pakistan. p. 10
1855:
1853:
1659:
1353:
BBC Pakistan Business Editor, BBC News website, in Davos
1187:
DawnWireService (April13th 1995; from the United States)
1751:
1522:
796:. The Electronic Government of Pakistan. Archived from
1850:
1662:"Pakistani workers revolt against PTCL privatization"
1602:. Islamabad, Pakistan. Dawn Group of Media. p. 1
1059:
1057:
966:. National Seminar on Privatization. pp. 5–8, 10
957:"History and Evaluation of Privatization in Pakistan"
710:
Punjab University Department of Business and Commerce
145:
Pakistan Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation
1895:
Ministry of Informationa and mass-media broadcasting
1538:. The Pakistani Spectator. p. 1. Archived from
1180:
683:
Ministry of Informationa and mass-media broadcasting
500:
of state-owned entities said Privatisation Minister
1407:
1144:
955:Bokhari, Syed Anwar-ul-Hassan (18 September 1998).
522:On 26 August 2021, Services International Hotel in
159:whilst others remains under government controlled.
1302:
1054:
1711:
1536:"Globalization Pushing Towards Diseased Pakistan"
1438:
1436:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
847:
5029:
4332:Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan
1087:US Govt, United States Government (April 1994).
817:
815:
41:) is a continuous policy measure program in the
1660:Vilani Peiris & Keith Jones (4 June 2005).
787:
121:of enterprises by Prime minister Shaukat Aziz.
1859:
1433:
1110:
633:National University of Sciences and Technology
230:The partial privatisation was kick started by
4202:
2023:
1685:
1442:
1066:"Big Cover up in Corruption in Privatization"
812:
4407:Pakistan and the International Monetary Fund
932:SAJID, MUSHTAQ A.; CHAUDHARY, A. R. (1996).
511:has been started while the privatisation of
375:The first attempt was made to privatise the
239:"top secret" by the provisional government.
1260:
104:and the mainstream goal to attract foreign
4209:
4195:
2030:
2016:
1627:"Privatisation can save Pakistan Railways"
1209:
1822:
1383:
1235:
1233:
1130:. New Delhi: APH Pub. Corp. p. 250.
1063:
888:
769:. Nawaz Sharif's privatization.and Report
764:
4424:Pakistani economic crisis (2022–present)
462:
412:
246:
166:
20:
4216:
3602:
1952:
1897:. The Electronic Government of Pakistan
1714:"Wapda workers' protest enters 6th day"
1416:"Privatisation of Pakistan Steel Mills"
1127:Inside Pakistan : 52 years outlook
1086:
1033:
954:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
685:. The Electronic Government of Pakistan
582:
530:at the highest bid of Rs1.951 billion.
5030:
1933:
1791:
1624:
1534:Zafar, Shaukat Masood (6 March 2012).
1386:"Pakistan steels itself for sell-offs"
1239:
1230:
1181:Muhammad Ali Siddiqi (13 April 1995).
850:"Pakistan steels itself for sell-offs"
590:Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd
301:Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation
201:Pakistan National Shipping Corporation
4190:
3601:
3270:
2873:
2531:
2050:
2037:
2011:
1757:
1560:
1533:
1502:
1472:
1470:
1413:
1346:
1300:
1150:
293:Water and Power Development Authority
3520:Securities & Exchange Commission
1976:
1823:Nishapuri, Abdul (1 November 2010).
1631:The Express Tribune, 12 January 2012
1593:
1476:
1123:
1095:. US Department of State :Case Study
993:
916:
794:Privatization Commission of Pakistan
533:
480:after transferring the inquiry from
297:Karachi Electric Supply Corporations
287:The second phase was promulgated by
1888:
1792:Akhtar, Suleman (2 November 2010).
1596:"Privatisation needs to happen now"
1349:"Pakistan pushes India on pipeline"
1218:. UBL Dawn Wire Services Management
964:Pakistan Federation of Trade Unions
938:Pakistan Economic and Social Review
613:industries due to public pressure.
13:
4274:Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
3188:Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)
1962:Governor of State Bank of Pakistan
1953:Hussain, Ishrat (17 August 2005).
1594:Khan, Nasr Ullah (16 March 2011).
1467:
1384:Borthwick, Malcolm (1 June 2006).
491:
305:Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited
183:and the peoples party returned to
14:
5069:
4385:Medium Term Development Framework
1916:
1882:
1686:Staff Reports (24 January 2012).
1625:Ansari, Adeel (12 January 2012).
848:Malcolm Borthwick (1 June 2006).
821:
730:
31:privatisation process in Pakistan
5014:
5013:
4170:
4161:
4160:
3193:Pakistani Intelligence community
1712:Our Correspondent (6 May 2012).
1561:Kiani, Khaleeq (12 March 2012).
1089:"The Government of Nawaz Sharif"
79:of the privatisation programme.
3581:Redundant Islamic economisation
1860:Staff reporter (2 March 2012).
1705:
1679:
1496:
1414:Ahmed, Naveed (27 March 2007).
1335:shaukat aziz and privatization.
944:(2): 179–192 – via JSTOR.
854:BBC Pakistan, Malcolm Borthwick
824:"Business Oligarch of Pakistan"
655:Right-wing politics in Pakistan
627:Dr. Professor Athar Maqsood of
513:Haveli Bahadur Shah Power Plant
408:
314:
242:
205:Pakistan International Airlines
162:
129:
4786:Mobile phone network operators
2874:
1600:Dawn Newspapers, 16 March 2011
1567:Dawn Newspapers, 12 March 2012
1503:Ahmed, Amin (27 August 2021).
1347:Weber, Tim (29 January 2005).
1246:. PublicAffairs. p. 244.
870:
767:"Nawaz Sharif's privatization"
724:
697:
671:
1:
4327:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
2532:
1443:Mudasser Aziz (16 May 2012).
665:
550:. In an editorial written in
5058:Government of Benazir Bhutto
5038:Economic history of Pakistan
4291:Finance Minister of Pakistan
1688:"Wapda staff goes on strike"
1666:World Socialist Organization
1212:"Concern over UBL sale move"
892:Public Enterprise management
476:halted the privatisation of
153:Eittefaq Group of Industries
7:
5043:Nawaz Sharif administration
3380:Water supply and sanitation
3271:
2051:
1936:"Privatization in Pakistan"
1919:"Privatization in Pakistan"
878:Nationalisation in Pakistan
733:"Privatization in Pakistan"
645:Nationalisation in Pakistan
638:
35:denationalisation programme
33:, sometimes referred to as
10:
5074:
5053:Pakistan Muslim League (N)
5048:Government of Shaukat Aziz
4978:Central business districts
4937:Central business districts
4930:Central business districts
1910:
1891:"Privatization Commission"
1692:Dawn News, 24 January 2012
1563:"Privatisation questioned"
1477:TLTP (28 September 2020).
1392:. BBC Pakistan Directorate
679:"Privatization Commission"
650:Pakistan Muslim League (N)
458:Shaukat Aziz, 2006, source
439:economic relief after 2001
124:
5011:
4970:
4929:
4856:
4798:
4628:
4588:
4506:
4497:
4432:
4395:National debt of Pakistan
4340:
4257:
4224:
4151:
4062:
3954:
3880:
3803:
3758:
3614:
3610:
3597:
3576:Public-private partnering
3538:
3482:
3390:
3283:
3279:
3266:
3213:
3124:
3086:
3041:
2981:
2919:
2899:National Security Council
2886:
2882:
2869:
2779:
2699:
2656:
2615:
2544:
2540:
2527:
2444:
2398:
2315:
2259:
2252:
2166:
2063:
2059:
2046:
1980:Privatisation in Pakistan
997:Privatisation in Pakistan
712:. Punjab University Press
560:efficiency as opposed to
403:Indian nuclear aggression
353:, maintained that "while
84:nationalisation programme
73:nationalisation programme
39:privatisation in Pakistan
4320:Federal Board of Revenue
1483:Profit by Pakistan Today
1243:Pakistan: A Hard Country
1183:"MOU worth $ 6bn signed"
1093:United States Government
321:Leader of the Opposition
63:, immediately after the
4998:Pakistanis by net worth
4749:Cottage and small scale
4641:Entertainment and Media
4620:Pakistan Stock Exchange
4412:Foreign aid to Pakistan
4380:Economic Liberalization
4249:State-owned enterprises
2328:Second Anglo-Afghan War
1764:Jang News Group (Urdyu)
1240:Lieven, Anatol (2011).
889:Farazmand, Ali (1996).
4759:Information technology
4722:Science and technology
4673:Healthcare in Pakistan
4390:Periods of stagflation
4269:State Bank of Pakistan
3561:Military economisation
3166:Enforced disappearance
2949:Provincial governments
2490:Balochistan insurgency
2348:Hindi–Urdu controversy
2338:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2292:First Anglo-Afghan War
618:Pakistan Peoples Party
468:
461:
421:
366:1993 general elections
271:British Prime minister
267:1990 general elections
255:
193:Muslim Commercial Bank
177:1988 general elections
172:
140:Pakistan Peoples Party
88:Pakistan Peoples Party
57:Pakistan Muslim League
26:
4988:International ranking
4942:I. I. Chundrigar Road
4375:Islamic economization
3671:Gender discrimination
3068:Federal Shariat Court
3033:Provincial assemblies
2302:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2204:Muhammad ibn al-Qasim
1977:Aziz, Sartaj (1990).
1934:Kemal, PhD, Dr. A.R.
1866:The Nation (Pakistan)
1760:"WAPDA strikes ended"
1758:Press (13 May 2012).
1124:Dutt, Sanjay (2000).
994:Aziz, Sartaj (1990).
788:E-Govt. of Pakistan.
466:
450:
416:
250:
225:president of Pakistan
170:
24:
4744:Books and publishing
4130:World Heritage Sites
4105:Mausolea and shrines
3551:Directive investment
2853:World Heritage Sites
2787:Archaeological sites
2722:Environmental issues
2411:Monarchy of Pakistan
2406:Dominion of Pakistan
2297:First Anglo-Sikh War
1718:Dawn News 6 May 2012
1305:The Idea of Pakistan
1151:Akbar, M.K. (1998).
1068:. Tripod Publishings
583:Adversary opposition
478:Pakistan Steel Mills
157:Mian Mohammed Sharif
95:free-market economic
4218:Economy of Pakistan
3604:Society and Culture
3530:Trading Corporation
3338:Planning Commission
2927:National government
1835:on 6 September 2012
1420:Political deception
660:Economy of Pakistan
575:The Express Tribune
502:Muhammadmian Soomro
377:United Bank Limited
175:As an aftermath of
136:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
5003:Standard of living
4889:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4857:Domestic economies
4732:Telecommunications
3358:Telecommunications
3250:Civil Armed Forces
3198:Capital punishment
3016:National Assembly
2431:Liaquat–Nehru Pact
2368:Jinnah's 14 Points
2272:East India Company
1743:has generic name (
800:on 23 October 2012
629:School of Business
517:Baloki Power Plant
469:
422:
399:nuclear deterrence
370:financial collapse
256:
217:Pakistan State Oil
197:Habib Bank Limited
173:
27:
16:Economic programme
5025:
5024:
4799:People and labour
4794:
4793:
4462:National highways
4184:
4183:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4070:Botanical gardens
4019:Marathon (Lahore)
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3556:Industrialisation
3539:Policy programmes
3353:Tallest buildings
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3111:Political parties
3101:Foreign relations
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2814:Natural disasters
2707:Botanical gardens
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2378:Direct Action Day
2373:Lahore Resolution
2363:Two nation theory
2353:Pakistan Movement
2106:Hellenic Pakistan
1253:978-1-61039-021-7
570:Pakistan Railways
534:Public perception
381:Pakistan Railways
333:Commerce minister
274:Margaret Thatcher
147:(PICIC) chairman
119:private ownership
102:private-ownership
65:economic collapse
5065:
5017:
5016:
4993:Provinces by GDP
4879:Gilgit-Baltistan
4516:Renewable energy
4504:
4503:
4472:Railway stations
4350:Numbering system
4286:Finance ministry
4211:
4204:
4197:
4188:
4187:
4174:
4164:
4163:
3629:British heritage
3612:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3515:
3507:Investment board
3375:Water management
3281:
3280:
3268:
3267:
3019:
3004:
2996:
2966:Local government
2884:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2638:Pothohar Plateau
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2416:Governor-General
2343:Aligarh Movement
2282:Sikh Confederacy
2257:
2256:
2174:Indo-Hephthalite
2114:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1766:. Archived from
1755:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1542:on 13 April 2014
1531:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1451:. Archived from
1440:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1311:
1308:
1298:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1216:October 11, 1995
1210:Staff Reporter.
1207:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1002:
991:
976:
975:
973:
971:
961:
952:
946:
945:
929:
914:
913:
911:
909:
886:
880:
874:
868:
867:
862:
860:
845:
836:
835:
833:
831:
826:. Tripod nuclues
819:
810:
809:
807:
805:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
762:
745:
744:
742:
740:
728:
722:
721:
719:
717:
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
675:
459:
351:state parliament
340:Finance minister
213:Sui Northern Gas
209:Sui Southern Gas
5073:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5007:
4966:
4952:Gulberg, Lahore
4925:
4852:
4790:
4779:Medical tourism
4710:Pharmaceuticals
4624:
4590:
4584:
4553:Rice production
4538:Fuel extraction
4508:
4493:
4428:
4360:Nationalization
4355:Five-Year Plans
4336:
4298:Pakistani rupee
4261:
4259:
4253:
4220:
4215:
4185:
4180:
4139:
4058:
3950:
3934:Public holidays
3876:
3799:
3754:
3606:
3585:
3566:Nationalisation
3546:Corporatisation
3534:
3513:
3478:
3457:Pharmaceuticals
3386:
3328:Fuel extraction
3275:
3254:
3209:
3178:Law enforcement
3120:
3082:
3078:District Courts
3051:Supreme Council
3037:
3017:
3002:
2993:Majlis-e-Shoora
2990:
2977:
2959:Chief Ministers
2915:
2878:
2857:
2802:weather records
2775:
2732:Protected areas
2695:
2652:
2611:
2536:
2511:
2440:
2421:Princely states
2394:
2311:
2248:
2162:
2118:Seleucid Empire
2108:
2055:
2042:
2036:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1900:
1898:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1858:
1851:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1658:
1649:
1635:
1633:
1623:
1619:
1605:
1603:
1592:
1585:
1571:
1569:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1532:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1475:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1441:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1412:
1408:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1371:
1358:
1356:
1345:
1341:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1309:
1299:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1268:"DAWN Profiles"
1266:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1238:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1122:
1111:
1098:
1096:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1064:Press unknown.
1062:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1032:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1000:
992:
979:
969:
967:
959:
953:
949:
930:
917:
907:
905:
903:
887:
883:
875:
871:
858:
856:
846:
839:
829:
827:
820:
813:
803:
801:
786:
782:
772:
770:
765:Press Release.
763:
748:
738:
736:
729:
725:
715:
713:
702:
698:
688:
686:
677:
676:
672:
668:
641:
585:
541:poor get poorer
536:
494:
492:2021 to present
460:
457:
411:
401:in response to
317:
245:
236:Punjab Province
165:
132:
127:
43:economic period
17:
12:
11:
5:
5071:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5023:
5022:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4818:
4813:
4811:Businesspeople
4808:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4512:
4510:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4489:Vehicle plates
4486:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4434:Transportation
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4265:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4168:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3894:Shalwar kameez
3884:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3608:
3607:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3363:Transportation
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3287:
3285:
3284:Infrastructure
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3013:
3012:
3011:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2971:Union councils
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2942:Prime Minister
2939:
2934:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2737:national parks
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:Climate change
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2507:Liberalization
2504:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2495:KPK insurgency
2492:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:Indo-Scythians
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:Greco-Bactrian
2120:
2115:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1992:
1984:(google books)
1974:
1950:
1931:
1917:Akbar, Bilal.
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1884:
1883:External links
1881:
1879:
1878:
1849:
1815:
1804:on 30 May 2012
1781:
1770:on 13 May 2012
1750:
1704:
1678:
1647:
1617:
1583:
1553:
1521:
1495:
1466:
1455:on 21 May 2012
1449:The News Tribe
1432:
1406:
1369:
1339:
1323:978-0815715023
1322:
1284:
1259:
1252:
1229:
1199:
1170:
1163:
1154:Pakistan today
1143:
1136:
1109:
1079:
1053:
1023:
1009:
1001:(google books)
977:
947:
915:
901:
881:
869:
837:
811:
780:
746:
731:Akbar, Bilal.
723:
696:
669:
667:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
640:
637:
622:private sector
584:
581:
562:macroeconomics
535:
532:
493:
490:
455:
426:taking control
410:
407:
329:Benazir Bhutto
316:
313:
260:Prime Minister
244:
241:
232:Chief Minister
181:Benazir Bhutto
164:
161:
131:
128:
126:
123:
61:market economy
50:Prime Minister
47:people-elected
37:or simply the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5070:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5020:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:Foreign trade
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4962:Serai Quarter
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4843:Trades unions
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4690:Manufacturing
4688:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4603:List of banks
4601:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4533:Nuclear power
4531:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4400:circular debt
4398:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Privatization
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:KSE 100 Index
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Hindu temples
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:Privatisation
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Stock markets
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3061:Chief Justice
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:Supreme Court
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3018:(lower house)
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:(upper house)
2999:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:game reserves
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:Insurgencies
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:1971 Movement
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:Muslim League
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2158:Indo-Sassanid
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Indo-Parthian
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
1995:
1993:92-64-15310-1
1989:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1939:(google docs)
1937:
1932:
1921:. Bilal Akbar
1920:
1915:
1914:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1734:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1644:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1310:(googlebooks)
1307:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1041:
1037:
1034:Abdus Samad.
1030:
1028:
1012:
1010:92-64-15310-1
1006:
999:
998:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
965:
960:(google docs)
958:
951:
943:
939:
935:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
904:
902:0-313-28025-8
898:
894:
893:
885:
879:
873:
866:
855:
851:
844:
842:
825:
818:
816:
799:
795:
791:
784:
768:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
735:. Bilal Akbar
734:
727:
711:
707:
700:
684:
680:
674:
670:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
636:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
591:
580:
577:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:microeconomic
555:
554:
549:
544:
542:
531:
529:
525:
520:
518:
515:in Jhang and
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
498:privatisation
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:Supreme Court
465:
454:
449:
445:
442:
440:
435:
431:
427:
419:
415:
406:
404:
400:
396:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
362:
361:was buying."
360:
357:was selling,
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:In 1992, the
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
282:(South) Korea
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
261:
253:
249:
240:
237:
233:
228:
226:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
188:
186:
182:
178:
169:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
137:
122:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
91:
89:
85:
80:
78:
75:in 1970s— an
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
23:
19:
4864:Azad Kashmir
4848:Unemployment
4826:Child labour
4821:Labour force
4806:Billionaires
4507:Resource and
4239:KSE 30 Index
4234:KMI 30 Index
4156:Basic topics
3989:Field hockey
3899:
3892:
3847:
3811:Architecture
3760:Demographics
3745:Urbanisation
3730:Prostitution
3688:Human rights
3654:Institutions
3570:
3161:Human rights
3134:Constitution
2992:
2831:Subdivisions
2780:Other topics
2648:Sistan Basin
2482:Islamisation
2457:Indus Treaty
2452:1947–present
2436:Baghdad Pact
2390:Independence
2260:Pre-colonial
2091:Indo-Iranics
2086:Indus Valley
1997:. Retrieved
1979:
1966:. Retrieved
1961:
1958:(googledocs)
1942:. Retrieved
1923:. Retrieved
1899:. Retrieved
1894:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1844:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:the original
1828:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:the original
1797:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:the original
1763:
1753:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1641:
1634:. Retrieved
1630:
1620:
1611:
1604:. Retrieved
1599:
1577:
1570:. Retrieved
1566:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1540:the original
1512:. Retrieved
1508:
1498:
1488:30 September
1486:. Retrieved
1482:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:the original
1448:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:
1409:
1401:
1394:. Retrieved
1389:
1364:
1357:. Retrieved
1352:
1342:
1334:
1327:. Retrieved
1304:
1275:. Retrieved
1262:
1242:
1220:. Retrieved
1215:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:
1153:
1146:
1126:
1104:
1097:. Retrieved
1092:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1044:. Retrieved
1039:
1014:. Retrieved
996:
968:. Retrieved
963:
950:
941:
937:
906:. Retrieved
891:
884:
872:
864:
857:. Retrieved
853:
828:. Retrieved
802:. Retrieved
798:the original
793:
783:
771:. Retrieved
737:. Retrieved
726:
714:. Retrieved
709:
699:
687:. Retrieved
682:
673:
626:
615:
594:
586:
573:
565:
551:
545:
537:
521:
506:
495:
470:
451:
446:
443:
434:Shaukat Aziz
423:
418:Shaukat Aziz
409:1999 to 2008
389:
374:
363:
336:Faisal Hyatt
318:
315:1993 to 1999
309:
295:(WAPDA) and
286:
263:Nawaz Sharif
257:
252:Nawaz Sharif
243:1991 to 1993
229:
221:
189:
174:
163:1989 to 1990
149:N.M. Ukailie
133:
130:1978 to 1988
115:Shaukat Aziz
92:
81:
69:Soviet Union
53:Nawaz Sharif
38:
34:
30:
28:
18:
4869:Balochistan
4717:Real estate
4548:Agriculture
4521:Solar power
4370:Corporation
4260:governance,
4029:Paralympics
3924:Nationalism
3919:Gun culture
3778:Immigration
3624:Aurat March
3405:Agriculture
3323:Foreign aid
3291:Electricity
3116:Martial law
3073:High Courts
2989:Parliament
2982:Legislative
2819:earthquakes
2747:sanctuaries
2700:Environment
2666:Coal fields
2633:Indus Plain
2623:Arabian Sea
2477:Project-706
2333:Durand Line
2323:British Raj
2287:Sikh Empire
2184:Rai dynasty
2109: [
1741:|last=
1643:nonetheless
1222:20 November
1192:20 November
572:(PR) where
355:one brother
343:Sartaj Aziz
289:Sartaj Aziz
278:MCB limited
5032:Categories
4909:Rawalpindi
4899:Faisalabad
4816:Demography
4700:Automotive
4661:Television
4651:Newspapers
4526:Wind power
4509:production
4262:regulation
4075:Cemeteries
4014:Motorsport
3999:Gillidanda
3862:Philosophy
3843:Literature
3720:Pakistanis
3676:Healthcare
3514:(currency)
3415:Automotive
2937:Ministries
2920:Government
2876:Governance
2712:Ecoregions
2681:Oil fields
2671:Gas fields
2643:Salt Range
2628:Gwadar Bay
2602:Waterfalls
2592:Topography
2502:Kargil War
2133:Indo-Greek
2101:Achaemenid
2096:Indo-Aryan
1277:19 October
1164:8170997003
1137:8176481572
666:References
509:State Life
453:world....!
430:government
395:capability
385:black-hole
325:Parliament
299:, and the
110:wealth gap
106:investment
98:principles
4947:Blue Area
4884:Islamabad
4739:Transport
4695:Aerospace
4683:Hospitals
4636:Education
4610:Insurance
4589:Financial
4565:Livestock
4479:Dry ports
4457:Motorways
4303:Banknotes
4258:Currency,
4226:Companies
4100:Libraries
4090:Gurdwaras
3964:Athletics
3914:Etiquette
3881:Lifestyle
3833:Festivals
3783:Languages
3773:Ethnicity
3681:Hospitals
3661:Feudalism
3649:Education
3502:Companies
3430:Husbandry
3400:Aerospace
3245:Air force
3203:Terrorism
3106:Feudalism
3096:Elections
2954:Governors
2894:President
2841:districts
2836:provinces
2686:Volcanoes
2577:Mountains
2534:Geography
2385:Partition
2307:Rebellion
2209:Ghaznavid
2071:Stone age
1733:cite news
1579:creation.
1514:27 August
790:"History"
528:auctioned
5019:Category
4971:See also
4838:Pensions
4754:Forestry
4727:Internet
4591:services
4575:Forestry
4484:Seaports
4467:Railways
4447:Airports
4442:Airlines
4417:U.S. aid
4315:Taxation
4166:Category
4125:Stadiums
4080:Churches
4049:Swimming
4024:Olympics
3994:Football
3969:Baseball
3888:Clothing
3867:Textiles
3849:Mushaira
3838:Folklore
3768:Diaspora
3735:Religion
3700:Marriage
3666:Feminism
3483:Commerce
3462:Textiles
3425:Forestry
3392:Industry
3215:Military
3088:Politics
3043:Judicial
3009:Chairman
2754:Wildlife
2676:Minerals
2607:Wetlands
2562:Glaciers
2545:Features
2472:1971 War
2462:1965 War
2445:Republic
2426:1947 War
2399:Dominion
2316:Colonial
2179:Kambojas
2167:Medieval
2138:Gandhara
2081:Mehrgarh
2041:articles
2039:Pakistan
1889:E-Govt.
1509:DAWN.COM
908:10 April
639:See also
456:—
55:and the
4920:Karachi
4833:Poverty
4774:Tourism
4769:Tobacco
4764:Textile
4705:Defence
4598:Banking
4570:Fishery
4499:Sectors
4452:Bridges
4342:History
4308:Coinage
4115:Museums
4110:Mosques
4009:Kabaddi
3984:Cycling
3979:Cricket
3944:Symbols
3909:Cuisine
3872:Theatre
3644:Divorce
3639:Culture
3616:Society
3490:Banking
3474:Tourism
3420:Fishery
3410:Defence
3368:Bridges
3348:Poverty
3333:Housing
3306:Nuclear
3296:Thermal
3273:Economy
3238:Marines
3223:History
3024:Speaker
3001:Senate
2932:Cabinet
2809:Borders
2797:Climate
2792:Borders
2727:Forests
2658:Geology
2597:Valleys
2567:Islands
2557:Deserts
2552:Beaches
2277:Durrani
2244:Timurid
2229:Tughlaq
2199:Solanki
2076:Soanian
2064:Ancient
2053:History
1911:Sources
822:Press.
631:of the
392:perform
349:in the
323:in the
207:(PIA),
125:History
77:inverse
67:of the
4957:Saddar
4904:Lahore
4894:Punjab
4646:Cinema
4580:Mining
4281:Budget
4176:Portal
4063:Places
4054:Tennis
4044:Squash
3974:Boxing
3956:Sports
3901:Mehndi
3816:Cinema
3715:Naming
3710:Me Too
3512:Rupee
3452:Mining
3435:Labour
3183:Police
2846:cities
2824:floods
2691:Floods
2587:Rivers
2582:Passes
2267:Mughal
2253:Modern
2234:Sayyid
2224:Khalji
2219:Mamluk
2214:Ghurid
2153:Kushan
2128:Maurya
2111:simple
1999:1 June
1990:
1968:2 June
1944:2 June
1925:2 June
1901:2 June
1871:2 June
1839:1 June
1808:1 June
1774:13 May
1723:13 May
1697:13 May
1671:1 June
1636:2 June
1606:2 June
1572:2 June
1546:2 June
1459:30 May
1425:30 May
1396:1 June
1359:1 June
1329:1 June
1320:
1316:–290.
1250:
1161:
1134:
1099:1 June
1072:1 June
1046:1 June
1016:1 June
1007:
970:1 June
899:
859:30 May
830:1 June
804:1 June
773:1 June
739:2 June
716:1 June
689:2 June
524:Lahore
424:After
364:After
215:, and
4916:Sindh
4666:Music
4656:Radio
4629:Other
4615:KIBOR
4120:Parks
4085:Forts
4039:Rugby
3939:Songs
3929:Flags
3857:Music
3828:Dance
3821:Films
3795:Youth
3750:Women
3705:Media
3634:Crime
3495:Banks
3447:Media
3440:Child
3311:Solar
3301:Hydro
2887:State
2764:fauna
2759:flora
2616:Areas
2572:Lakes
2189:Shahi
2113:]
1613:year.
1355:. BBC
610:PEPCo
606:TESCo
602:IESCo
598:WAPDA
548:media
359:other
347:drama
185:power
4874:FATA
4678:AIDS
4543:Food
4135:Zoos
4034:Polo
4004:Golf
3804:Arts
3788:Urdu
3740:Time
3724:list
3693:LGBT
3467:Silk
3343:Post
3316:Wind
3233:Navy
3228:Army
3171:LGBT
2771:Zoos
2239:Lodi
2194:Pala
2001:2012
1988:ISBN
1970:2012
1946:2012
1927:2012
1903:2012
1873:2012
1841:2012
1810:2012
1776:2012
1745:help
1725:2012
1699:2012
1673:2012
1638:2012
1608:2012
1574:2012
1548:2012
1516:2021
1490:2020
1461:2012
1427:2012
1398:2012
1361:2012
1331:2012
1318:ISBN
1279:2011
1272:Dawn
1248:ISBN
1224:2011
1194:2011
1159:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1101:2012
1074:2012
1048:2012
1018:2012
1005:ISBN
972:2012
910:2014
897:ISBN
876:See
861:2012
832:2012
806:2012
775:2012
741:2012
718:2012
691:2012
616:The
566:Dawn
553:Dawn
526:was
338:and
138:and
29:The
4558:Tea
3154:PCO
3149:WPB
3144:PPC
3139:LFO
3126:Law
2911:NCA
2904:CNS
1314:255
486:NAB
484:to
482:FIA
428:of
397:of
234:of
155:to
5034::
1960:.
1893:.
1864:.
1852:^
1843:.
1827:.
1796:.
1784:^
1762:.
1737::
1735:}}
1731:{{
1716:.
1690:.
1664:.
1650:^
1640:.
1629:.
1610:.
1598:.
1586:^
1576:.
1565:.
1524:^
1507:.
1481:.
1469:^
1447:.
1435:^
1418:.
1400:.
1388:.
1372:^
1363:.
1351:.
1333:.
1287:^
1270:.
1232:^
1214:.
1202:^
1185:.
1173:^
1112:^
1103:.
1091:.
1056:^
1038:.
1026:^
980:^
962:.
942:34
940:.
936:.
918:^
863:.
852:.
840:^
814:^
792:.
749:^
708:.
681:.
608:,
604:,
600:,
543:.
504:.
372:.
327:,
307:.
211:,
203:,
199:,
195:,
179:,
100:,
4922:)
4918:(
4210:e
4203:t
4196:v
3726:)
3722:(
2995:)
2991:(
2031:e
2024:t
2017:v
2003:.
1972:.
1948:.
1929:.
1905:.
1875:.
1812:.
1778:.
1747:)
1727:.
1701:.
1675:.
1550:.
1518:.
1492:.
1463:.
1429:.
1281:.
1256:.
1226:.
1196:.
1167:.
1140:.
1076:.
1050:.
1020:.
974:.
912:.
834:.
808:.
777:.
743:.
720:.
693:.
420:.
254:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
