2839:
2689:
2517:
2200:
2090:
1788:
1524:, minister or head of a ministry-level department to the National Assembly. With National Assembly approval, the prime minister can also appoint, reassign or remove a deputy minister, deputy head of the ministry-level department, the head or deputy head of a bureau, assistant minister, assistant head of a ministry-level department, head of a department or head of a department-level organisation. At the provincial and local levels, the prime minister can propose the appointment or dismissal of provincial governors, deputy governors, mayors, deputy mayors or district governors to the provincial People's Assembly and its standing committee. In the
4420:
3041:
1840:
1684:
70:
2257:
1980:
3005:
3123:
2791:
3082:
4777:
2307:
2033:
2928:
1762:
1632:
261:
40:
4529:
955:
54:
2632:
1923:
1292:, the Chairman of the SPA Standing Committee, was elected Chairman of the SPA Constitutional Drafting Commission. Between 1975 and 1984, however, none of its work was made public. In 1984, the SPA announced the creation of two subcommittees of the Constitutional Drafting Commission. The lack of an institutionalised structure led the party to bypass state structures in decision-making; the
2407:
2964:
1281:
ministries and governmental committees. Decrees, decisions and significant issues decided by the
Council of Government (or its standing committee) had to be signed by the chairman to become effective; resolutions, decisions and instructions issued on less-critical matters could be signed by the chairman or first vice-chairman. One section of the law was devoted to the
1258:. The First Government's deputy prime ministers had wide-ranging responsibilities; they led their respective ministries and oversaw other ministries on behalf of the Prime Minister. With the Prime Minister, The First Government and prime minister reported their activities to the SPA (consisting mainly of LPRP members), which rarely held the government accountable.
1273:, a communist leadership principle which seeks to minimise arbitrary decision-making; "representatives of trade unions, youth and women may be invited" to the meetings of the Council of Government "for consultation on problems involving the masses of all strata to which each organisation is responsible". Ministers could also attend council meetings.
1314:'s was increased; the Prime Minister had appointed provincial governors, but the president did under the new constitution. The President now had the right to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister and ministers in accordance with the National Assembly. According to scholar Stephen T. Johnson, the new presidency was comparable to the
1554:
They can issue decrees, orders and decisions on the implementation of policies, laws, regulations and state plans, and on the establishment and operation of ministries, ministry-level organisations, local administration and other government-level organisations. The head of government can temporarily
1420:
The constitution establishes the government's duties and responsibilities. The Law on
Government clarifies the constitution, extending the government's rights. Both documents state that the government is responsible for implementing the constitution. The government ensures the implementation of laws
1407:
is identical to that of the
National Assembly: a maximum of five years. No government official can hold an office for more than two consecutive terms, and an individual can serve as prime minister for ten years. The sitting government leaves office when the successor government has received National
1325:
The constitution was amended in 2013 and 2015. Amendments in 2013 were needed to "reflect the political and economic reality of contemporary Laos", and in 2015 it was amended to "respond to the Party's renovation policies and the country's development vision until 2030". The 2015 amendments gave the
1182:
said in 1977, "Party committees at all levels must lead the revolutionary task in all domains, but the essential is to direct the power of the state. They must make secure and powerful, capable of applying the line and policies of the Party." According to scholar Chou
Norindr, the political system
1103:
The prime minister is nominated by the president and elected for a five-year term by the
National Assembly. The nominee must receive a majority vote to be elected, and the officeholder can serve a maximum of two terms. The prime minister is responsible for controlling the government's apparatus and
1347:
based on the
Constitution and laws, having the Lao People's Revolutionary Party as the axle and having the Lao Front for National Construction, the mass organisations and the social organisations as the power uses educational, economic, and administrative methods to manage the State and to manage
1476:
ministries, ministerial bodies, provinces and cities. It can recommend changes to the boundaries of cities and provinces to the
National Assembly. The government can recommend establishing, merging, separating or abolishing a sub-ministry, department or department-level body. At the proposal of a
1300:
took two. Laos, influenced by reforms in
Vietnam and the rest of the socialist world by the mid-1980s, called for SPA elections in 1988. At the assembly's first plenary session, party leaders reported that the draft constitution was nearly finished. On 14 August 1991, the SPA adopted the first
1512:
As the head of government, the prime minister calls government meetings and presides over them. The Law on
Government gives the prime minister the right to direct and control the government's activities and delegate work to ministries, ministry-level organisations, other organisations under
1280:
met weekly. It was composed of the chairman, the first deputy chairman, deputy chairs, ministers and the head of the Office of
Council of Government. The first deputy chairman acted for the chairman in his absence. The deputy chairmen, as before, supervised and coordinated the activities of
415:
411:
1285:, which was responsible for preparing the council's work, organising its meetings and implementing its decisions. The head of the Office of the Council of Government reported to the chairman and first deputy chairman, working on behalf of the council with the SPA and other organisations.
1087:
do not stipulate any qualifications needed to be elected prime minister except for a minimum age of twenty, the law implies that the prime minister must be a member of the LPRP. Every prime minister since the communist seizure of power on 2 December 1975 has been a member of the
1492:
organisations, local administrative bodies, and defence and security forces to safeguard the constitution, laws and regulations. The government is responsible for the equal protection of its citizens, and has the right to make, enter into, interpret and implement international
1309:
The new constitution changed the chairman of the Council of Government back to prime minister. It affirmed the LPRP's role, defining it as the "leading nucleus" of the state. The government's executive branch was strengthened. The Prime Minister's power was reduced, and the
1355:
served concurrently as prime minister. No LPRP General Secretary has concurrently served as prime minister since 1998 (except during leadership transitions), opting instead to hold the presidency. However, every prime minister since 1975 has been a member of the
1296:, for example, bypassed the SPA. It reshuffled the First Government in January 1982, in violation of the law. No explanation has been given for why it took so long to write a constitution; Vietnam approved a constitution four years after reunification, and the
1190:
The governmental structure established on 2 December 1975 was named the Council of Government, like its Vietnamese counterpart. The council was responsible for the political, economic, cultural and social affairs of the state, and its security, defence and
1104:
composition. They have the right to propose the appointment, reassignment, and removal of minister-level officials and provincial governors to the National Assembly, and is empowered to control and monitor central, provincial and municipal state bodies.
1269:", in November 1982. The law changed the Prime Minister's title to Chairman of the Council of Government, and the deputy prime ministers' to Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Government. It intended to strengthen the body's collegiality by emphasising
1477:
provincial governor or provincial-capital mayor, the government can establish or abolish districts, municipalities, and district and municipal boundaries with the approval of the relevant provincial People's Assembly. It can also establish or abolish
761:
754:
1340:
379:
1178:". The NCPR also gave the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) a monopoly on state power. The Prime Minister, the government and the SPA (the new legislature) would implement party decisions. Lao People's Revolutionary Party General Secretary
698:
355:
475:
155:
1334:
The constitution stipulates in Article 23 that all "Lao citizens aged eighteen years and above have the right to vote and those aged twenty years and above have the right to be elected, except insane persons, persons with
703:
471:
1440:
The government has the right to issue decrees and resolutions on economic and social management, the administrative structure of the state, and the management of science and technology. The same rights apply to national
1430:
1266:
640:
1158:
1061:
318:
1277:
1173:
to "propel, assist and control all the activities of the government, to prepare a draft Constitution as well as propose laws which are indispensable and to strengthen the base of the new code of the law of the
724:
1130:
611:
587:
2838:
5544:
1231:
1547:
With National Assembly approval, the prime minister can approve, annul, and withdraw from international treaties. The prime minister can propose to the National Assembly's Standing Committee the
1265:, which stated that the Council of Government has the "full power to settle all matters of state management which do not fall under the duties and rights of the Supreme People's Assembly and the
731:
654:
96:
4148:
1282:
383:
1484:
The government is responsible for promoting, disseminating and implementing the constitution, instilling respect for it, and implementing approved laws and regulations. It is empowered to
1433:. The government is empowered to submit draft laws to the assembly, suggest draft presidential edicts to the assembly's standing committee and the president, and submit draft presidential
658:
3930:
1262:
1073:
327:
310:
605:
634:
1500:
It is the government's duty to protect the rights of citizens, including those living abroad. It is constitutionally empowered to bestow and revoke citizenship. It can grant a
1206:
since its inception. Kaysone Phomvihane, the first prime minister of the Lao PDR, also served as LPRP General Secretary and a member of the Politburo and Secretariat. His four
5691:
581:
1555:
prevent, terminate and annul decisions of a ministry, local administration and organisations under government supervision if they contradict laws and regulations, except for
1251:
5462:
4888:
1357:
1352:
1097:
1089:
664:
601:
333:
323:
306:
135:
349:
211:
2887:
2573:
2460:
2333:
2147:
1866:
1710:
1556:
577:
4197:
4156:
373:
6166:
736:
669:
558:
3248:
6331:
5746:
1563:
decisions on legal proceedings. The Prime Minister may summarise and report on the government's operation annually to the president and the National Assembly.
1326:
National Assembly the power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister and the government, removing from the president the power to appoint the prime minister.
1293:
592:
345:
766:
616:
402:
392:
1361:
1351:
Since the office was established, the prime minister has been a leading party official. From 1975 to 1991, when it was the most powerful state office, the
1243:
1227:
1093:
369:
140:
4766:
1230:, the highest decision-making body between Central Committee meetings. Below them were members of the LPRP Central Committee and other party members. The
5472:
1084:
3235:
6156:
5961:
5521:
5248:
4746:
4393:
4337:
4706:
4364:
4187:
4007:
3955:
3171:
933:
3237:
1457:, submitting them to the National Assembly for consideration. The government has the right to examine and question determinations, amendments and
6402:
3246:
2505:
2383:
5731:
3231:
2688:
2516:
2199:
2089:
4701:
3228:
6463:
5467:
1551:
of treaties, and can assign a minister and head of a ministry-level organisation to execute international treaties on behalf of the state.
3751:
3733:
1465:; it can make recommendations to the National Assembly and its standing committee, and propose fees and service charges to the committee.
5741:
4120:
3230:
3229:
3227:
1157:
The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and the office of prime minister were established on 2 December 1975 by a decision of the
1141:
by royal decree on 11 May 1947. Under the new constitution, Laos was defined as "a unitary, indivisible and democratic kingdom"; Prince
4925:
992:
458:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3225:
5576:
5501:
749:
6101:
3240:
6281:
6146:
4827:
4304:
4242:
1513:
government supervision, and local administration. The prime minister directs and monitors the implementation of resolutions, the
1348:
the society and economy"; the prime minister and the government are selected on the premise that they implement party decisions.
1322:. The prime minister was responsible for guiding the work of government ministries, committees, provincial governors and mayors.
6301:
871:
3241:
965:
6271:
5996:
5621:
5418:
5320:
5241:
4617:
4386:
4097:
4074:
3239:
3234:
1343:
is silent on qualifications to be elected prime minister. According to Article 3, "The government operates on a principle of
1057:
1520:
They have the right to change the composition of the government, proposing the appointment, reassignment, or dismissal of a
1276:
The Council of Government organised quarterly meetings of all ministers; between sessions of the Council of Government, the
6483:
6473:
6306:
5776:
4842:
1195:. It was also responsible for increasing the state's economic performance, developing collective power and establishing a
5821:
5806:
5524:
5433:
5373:
3209:
1175:
1134:
1053:
1038:
858:
854:
299:
6106:
5981:
5751:
5443:
5408:
5276:
4910:
4756:
941:
838:
693:
1161:(NCPR). All institutions of the Kingdom of Laos were replaced with institutions strongly influenced by those in other
6412:
6206:
6086:
6071:
5866:
5771:
5527:
4932:
4741:
4214:
4051:
4038:
Norindr, Chou (1982). "Political Institutions of the Lao People's Democratic Republic". In Stuart-Fox, Martin (ed.).
4028:
3991:
3934:
2245:
2188:
2135:
1590:
1297:
1064:
established the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The congress established the office of prime minister, forming the
630:
4336:
Brown, MacAlister; Zasloff, Joseph J. (1995). "Chapter 4: Government and Politics". In Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.).
3245:
6478:
5234:
4868:
4379:
1560:
900:
1399:
The prime minister leads the government's executive branch. The government is composed of the prime minister, the
6216:
5871:
5388:
5290:
3243:
6432:
6422:
6397:
6191:
6171:
5701:
4278:
4043:
985:
1149:. Seven prime ministers served the Kingdom of Laos between 15 March 1947 and its 2 December 1975 dissolution.
6362:
6276:
6151:
6076:
5946:
5646:
5606:
5569:
5345:
5310:
5062:
1521:
1400:
1207:
553:
450:
239:
6417:
6311:
6251:
6051:
6041:
6021:
6001:
5936:
5796:
5726:
5656:
5641:
5414:
5379:
5316:
4915:
4419:
3236:
1525:
1196:
801:
5766:
6377:
6236:
6226:
6186:
6026:
5991:
5856:
5681:
5636:
5516:
5506:
5424:
5201:
4696:
4630:
1394:
535:
3244:
6468:
6442:
6261:
6256:
6201:
6196:
6121:
6096:
6036:
6006:
5816:
5791:
5786:
5716:
5711:
5696:
5661:
5601:
5429:
5399:
5369:
5084:
5006:
4807:
2620:
817:
286:
3242:
1787:
1412:. The National Assembly confirms the prime minister's resignation if he is unable perform his duties.
6407:
6321:
6316:
6296:
6211:
6176:
6131:
6061:
6056:
6046:
6031:
5976:
5921:
5891:
5886:
5861:
5846:
5831:
5811:
5781:
5756:
5706:
5671:
5666:
5651:
5626:
5616:
5611:
5439:
5404:
5271:
5150:
5140:
5077:
4883:
4676:
4610:
4346:
1122:
1049:
978:
443:
6437:
6427:
6392:
6367:
6357:
6347:
6291:
6286:
6241:
6181:
6141:
6136:
6116:
6091:
5971:
5956:
5951:
5931:
5911:
5876:
5851:
5836:
5721:
5686:
5676:
5562:
5532:
5511:
5496:
5364:
5081:
5035:
4920:
4797:
4494:
4089:
3983:
3712:
2465:
2021:
1595:
1170:
1069:
1065:
1034:
187:
6387:
6372:
6352:
6326:
6266:
6246:
6231:
6221:
6161:
6126:
6066:
6016:
5986:
5926:
5916:
5896:
5881:
5841:
5801:
5631:
5281:
5170:
5107:
5001:
4751:
4428:
4129:
1771:
1637:
1517:, the state budget, and regulations approved by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly.
1118:
568:
221:
106:
1129: – the first unified, modern Laotian state – on 27 August 1946. A
6382:
6111:
6081:
6011:
5941:
5901:
5826:
5761:
5736:
5384:
5326:
5286:
4978:
4942:
4832:
4822:
4776:
4483:
2677:
2448:
2388:
2338:
2078:
1968:
1911:
1833:
1677:
1026:
708:
531:
508:
484:
464:
4040:
Contemporary Laos: Studies in the Politics and Society of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
1080:
was approved on 14 August 1991, and the Prime Minister was made subordinate to the President.
5335:
4802:
4546:
4240:
Huxley. Andrew (1991). "The Draft Constitution of the Laotian People's Democratic Republic".
4181:
2892:
2562:
2298:
1478:
1344:
1319:
1270:
1239:
645:
1100:; since 1998, however, the general secretary normally serves concurrently as the president.
5341:
5331:
5306:
5097:
5052:
5016:
4893:
4873:
4686:
4681:
4603:
4561:
3926:
3719:
3010:
2734:
1485:
1373:
1247:
1077:
922:
719:
281:
274:
207:
3924:
3040:
1199:. The Council of Government was the supreme power in administration and economic affairs.
8:
4973:
4898:
4566:
4556:
4551:
4350:
3111:
3070:
3046:
2969:
2933:
1548:
1446:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1315:
927:
876:
844:
807:
501:
424:
338:
162:
5488:
5356:
5226:
5160:
4761:
4576:
4571:
4536:
4468:
4358:
4302:
Stuart-Fox, Martin (1991). "The Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic".
4290:
4228:
4220:
4169:
4001:
3128:
3087:
2993:
2875:
2868:
2844:
2796:
2153:
1234:, the highest governmental body, was composed of the Prime Minister, his deputies, and
1211:
1179:
1042:
1014:
563:
546:
527:
518:
360:
150:
122:
77:
1339:
and persons whose rights to vote and to be elected have been revoked by a court." The
5296:
5057:
5021:
4937:
4878:
4785:
4736:
4726:
4541:
4458:
4232:
4210:
4173:
4093:
4070:
4047:
4024:
3987:
3949:
2916:
2827:
2768:
2316:
2038:
1839:
1683:
1514:
1469:
1311:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1192:
1184:
1030:
912:
907:
894:
625:
496:
177:
4149:"Regime Renewal in Laos: The Tenth Congress of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party"
5301:
5102:
5072:
4856:
4837:
4646:
4489:
4478:
4453:
4317:
4313:
4282:
4255:
4251:
4202:
4161:
4133:
2263:
1986:
1422:
1235:
1022:
866:
251:
91:
1183:
made the government and legislature subordinate to the party. This contrasts with
69:
5194:
5122:
5011:
4996:
4961:
4716:
4638:
4509:
4499:
4473:
4463:
4410:
4066:
2694:
2579:
2522:
2205:
2095:
1541:
1450:
1408:
Assembly approval. The prime minister can leave office during his or her term by
1364:. A Politburo member does not require a fixed rank to be elected prime minister;
1336:
1162:
1146:
1126:
1187:, in which several parties compete for power and all are subject to state laws.
5585:
5454:
5145:
5067:
4991:
4721:
3925:
David, Aristotle; Leon-David, Novah; Kitcharoen, Tuchakorn (JulyâAugust 2019).
3122:
2393:
2256:
1979:
1404:
194:
44:
4267:
Johnson, Stephen T. (January 1992). "Laos in 1991: Year of the Constitution".
4206:
4165:
1254:. Members of the presidency controlled the state's legislative, executive and
6457:
5483:
5263:
5210:
5175:
5165:
5130:
5112:
5047:
4433:
2820:
1849:
1716:
1693:
1289:
1011:
chairman of the Council of Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
513:
4528:
4321:
4259:
3004:
1504:
the status of an honorary person, and can propose amnesty to the president.
5155:
5092:
4443:
4269:
1871:
1489:
1454:
1052:
was the first Laotian state to establish the office of prime minister. The
58:
4371:
4138:
4115:
2790:
2742:
5215:
5135:
4905:
4691:
4661:
1536:. They can propose to the president the appointment or recall of Laotian
1501:
1473:
1409:
1142:
1138:
959:
4224:
3081:
4731:
4711:
4656:
4651:
4294:
3205:
3175:
2306:
2032:
1755:
1537:
112:
1096:. Of the seven prime ministers since 1975, two served concurrently as
5906:
4438:
4020:
3980:
Apprentice Revolutionaries: The Communist Movement in Laos, 1930â1985
3785:
3773:
2927:
2413:
1793:
1458:
1255:
1203:
167:
4286:
1761:
1631:
1076:, regulating the government's decision-making process, in 1982. The
4817:
4671:
4666:
4504:
4448:
4195:
Creak, Simon (2011). "Laos: Celebrations and Development Debates".
3192:
2637:
1928:
1442:
5554:
1137:
was enacted on 28 April 1947 by the Constituent Assembly, and was
4983:
3188:
1533:
1529:
1461:
passed by the National Assembly, and the assembly's decisions on
1166:
260:
39:
4595:
2631:
1922:
4812:
1494:
1468:
With National Assembly approval, the government can establish,
1434:
1425:
enacted by the National Assembly, and decrees and presidential
53:
3927:"UPDATE: Legal System of the Lao People's Democratic Republic"
3543:
3541:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3224:
3752:
Law on the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
3734:
Law on the Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
3526:
3349:
3347:
1426:
1288:
The absence of a constitution influenced Laos' institutions.
3809:
3275:
2406:
4626:
4519:
3797:
3666:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3538:
3499:
3319:
3317:
2963:
2886:
2572:
2459:
2332:
2146:
1865:
1709:
1018:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3344:
3292:
3290:
1532:
and propose to the president the promotion or demotion of
1125:
on 15 August 1941. A FrenchâLao agreement established the
3302:
1571:
1462:
1453:. The government can establish socioeconomic plans and a
1403:, ministers and chairmen of ministries. The government's
1060:. The kingdom was abolished on 2 December 1975, when the
5256:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3574:
3553:
3448:
3446:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3314:
3263:
3487:
3458:
3383:
3334:
3332:
3287:
2743:
Prime ministers of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
1304:
3821:
1301:
constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
1152:
1007:
Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
24:
Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
3683:
3681:
3647:
3630:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3591:
3589:
3475:
3443:
3426:
3407:
3395:
4017:
Revolution, Reform and Regionalism in Southeast Asia
3371:
3359:
3329:
3618:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3761:
3693:
3678:
3601:
3586:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
6455:
3174:after 8 April 1945. Proclaimed Head of State by
2506:Committee for the Defence of National Interests
2384:Committee for the Defence of National Interests
1329:
1278:Standing Committee of the Council of Government
3978:Brown, MacAlister; Zasloff, Joseph J. (1986).
3833:
5570:
5242:
4611:
4387:
4146:
3815:
1159:National Congress of People's Representatives
1062:National Congress of People's Representatives
986:
4363:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4335:
4186:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4006:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3977:
3954:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3672:
3547:
3532:
3520:
3353:
1133:was formed to enact a new constitution. The
1056:, ratified in 1947, established the post of
156:Building of the Office of the Prime Minister
4401:
4121:International Journal of Constitutional Law
1528:, the prime minister can promote or demote
1431:Standing Committee of the National Assembly
1029:. The prime minister is accountable to the
5577:
5563:
5249:
5235:
4618:
4604:
4394:
4380:
4301:
4083:
4060:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3580:
3568:
3323:
3308:
3296:
3281:
3269:
1566:
1121:, who was appointed Prime Minister of the
993:
979:
68:
4137:
3132:
3091:
3050:
3014:
2973:
2937:
2896:
2848:
2800:
2704:
2647:
2584:
2532:
2475:
2418:
2348:
2268:
2215:
2158:
2105:
2048:
1991:
1938:
1881:
1803:
1721:
1647:
29:
1037:and the country's only legal party: the
4266:
4037:
3660:
3641:
3493:
3481:
3469:
3452:
3437:
3420:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3338:
1232:Presidency of the Council of Government
6456:
4239:
4086:Laos: Politics, Economics, and Society
1572:Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Laos
1041:(LPRP). The current prime minister is
412:Defence and Public Security Commission
5558:
5230:
4599:
4375:
4194:
4147:Creak, S. & Sayalath, S. (2017).
3827:
1589:
1507:
1058:Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos
5502:Dutch East Indies (Governor-General)
5257:Leaders of Southeast Asian countries
4014:
3624:
3612:
3595:
1383:
1305:Constitutional system (1991âpresent)
1145:was the first prime minister of the
6464:Lists of prime ministers by country
5584:
4113:
3767:
3699:
3687:
1283:Office of the Council of Government
1153:Pre-constitutional period (1975â91)
1135:Constitution of the Kingdom of Laos
1117:Laos' first head of government was
1054:Constitution of the Kingdom of Laos
13:
4527:
4418:
4116:"Constitutional amendment in Laos"
3187:Until 25 October 1949 in exile in
1083:Although the Constitution and the
14:
6495:
4625:
3935:New York University School of Law
3750:"Chapter 1: General Provisions".
3204:From 9 December 1960 in exile in
6157:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4775:
4520:Lao People's Democratic Republic
3931:Hauser Global Law School Program
3121:
3080:
3039:
3003:
2962:
2926:
2885:
2837:
2789:
2687:
2630:
2571:
2515:
2458:
2405:
2331:
2305:
2255:
2198:
2145:
2088:
2031:
1978:
1921:
1864:
1838:
1786:
1760:
1708:
1682:
1630:
1263:Law on the Council of Government
1074:Law on the Council of Government
1039:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
953:
259:
52:
38:
4015:John, Ronald Bruce St. (2006).
3966:
3743:
3726:
3705:
3198:
3181:
3164:
4279:University of California Press
4044:University of Queensland Press
2750:
1579:
1388:
1298:People's Republic of Kampuchea
1021:. The highest position in the
934:Committee for Independence and
694:Front for National Development
199:Maximum of two five-year terms
1:
4063:Historical Dictionary of Laos
3251:
2817:15 years, 250 days
2729:13 years, 162 days
1481:and specific economic zones.
1415:
1226:) served concurrently in the
1112:
3067:4 years, 336 days
3031:5 years, 119 days
2990:4 years, 198 days
2865:6 years, 193 days
2240:2 years, 149 days
2130:2 years, 338 days
1330:Qualifications and selection
1197:socialist mode of production
1185:liberal democratic societies
300:People's Revolutionary Party
97:Office of the Prime Minister
31:āšāšēāšāšŧāšāšĨāšąāšāšāš°āšĄāšŧāšāšāšĩ āŧāšŦāŧāš āšŠāšāš āšĨāšēāš§
7:
6484:1975 establishments in Laos
6474:Laos politics-related lists
5747:Congo (Democratic Republic)
4084:Stuart-Fox, Martin (1986).
4061:Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008).
3794:, pp. 398 & 405â6.
3782:, pp. 397 & 405â6.
3256:
3219:
3151:1 year, 265 days
3108:1 year, 283 days
2954:5 years, 73 days
2913:3 years, 31 days
2672:1 year, 192 days
2293:1 year, 136 days
2183:1 year, 148 days
2016:1 year, 233 days
1963:1 year, 305 days
1672:4 years, 50 days
1395:List of governments of Laos
1252:Thongsavat Khaykhamphitoune
1045:, who was elected in 2022.
942:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
839:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
82:since 30 December 2022
10:
6500:
5517:Myanmar (State Counsellor)
5507:Indonesia (Prime Minister)
2621:Peace and Neutrality Party
2246:National Progressive Party
2189:National Progressive Party
2136:National Progressive Party
1906:1 year, 10 days
1392:
1176:People's Democratic regime
1107:
1027:country's executive branch
655:Supreme People's Procuracy
602:State Inspection Authority
287:Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
16:Head of government of Laos
6340:
5592:
5541:
5481:
5453:
5355:
5262:
5188:
5121:
5043:
5034:
4969:
4960:
4864:
4855:
4793:
4784:
4773:
4637:
4584:
4518:
4409:
4347:Federal Research Division
4207:10.1355/9789814345040-010
4166:10.1355/9789814762878-014
3816:Creak & Sayalath 2017
3133:
3110:
3092:
3051:
3015:
2992:
2974:
2938:
2915:
2897:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2849:
2843:
2836:
2833:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2801:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2767:
2764:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2705:
2648:
2585:
2533:
2477:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšŠāšŧāšĄāšŠāš°āšāšīāš āš§āšŧāšāšāšŧāšāšĢāšąāšāšāš°
2476:
2419:
2349:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2216:
2159:
2106:
2049:
1992:
1939:
1882:
1837:
1804:
1722:
1649:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāŧāšāšąāšāšāš°āšĢāšēāš āšĢāšąāšāšāš°āš§āšŧāšāšŠāšē
1648:
1594:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1380:second in its hierarchy.
1171:Supreme People's Assembly
1123:Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
1070:Supreme People's Assembly
1050:Kingdom of Luang Phrabang
802:Lao People's Armed Forces
235:
227:
217:
203:
193:
183:
173:
161:
149:
128:
118:
105:
87:
65:
51:
37:
30:
28:
23:
6282:Turks and Caicos Islands
5732:Central African Republic
4869:Administrative divisions
4495:Somsanith Vongkotrattana
4090:Lynne Rienner Publishers
3984:Hoover Institution Press
3673:Brown & Zasloff 1995
3548:Brown & Zasloff 1986
3533:Brown & Zasloff 1986
3521:Brown & Zasloff 1986
3354:Brown & Zasloff 1986
3157:
2471:Somsanith Vongkotrattana
1449:, defence, security and
1261:The assembly passed the
901:Administrative divisions
578:State Audit Organisation
6479:Prime ministers of Laos
5533:South Vietnam (leaders)
5317:Philippines (President)
4429:Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
4403:Prime ministers of Laos
4322:10.1163/187529891X00244
4305:Review of Socialist Law
4260:10.1163/187529891X00037
4243:Review of Socialist Law
4198:Southeast Asian Affairs
4157:Southeast Asian Affairs
4130:Oxford University Press
3172:a Japanese puppet state
1772:Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
1643:Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
1567:List of prime ministers
1119:Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
569:Kikeo Khaykhamphithoune
222:Phetsarath Ratanavongsa
204:Constituting instrument
5692:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5282:East Timor (President)
4533:
4484:Sounthone Pathammavong
4424:
4114:Bui, Ngoc Son (2019).
2344:Sounthone Pathammavong
1561:People's Supreme Court
1401:deputy prime ministers
1358:LPRP Central Committee
1353:LPRP General Secretary
1267:SPA Standing Committee
1208:deputy prime ministers
1169:. The NCP ordered the
1098:LPRP General Secretary
1090:LPRP Central Committee
855:Diplomatic missions of
709:Saysomphone Phomvihane
631:People's Supreme Court
485:Saysomphone Phomvihane
465:Saysomphone Phomvihane
136:LPRP Central Committee
6167:SÃĢo TomÃĐ and Principe
6147:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5327:Singapore (President)
5287:Indonesia (President)
4707:Japanese puppet state
4547:Sisavath Keobounphanh
4531:
4422:
4339:Laos: a Country Study
2893:Sisavath Keobounphanh
2050:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšŠāšĩāšŠāš°āšŦāš§āŧāšēāšāš§āšąāšāšāš°āšāšē
1522:deputy prime minister
1393:Further information:
1345:democratic centralism
1341:Law on the Government
1271:collective leadership
1240:Sisavath Keobounphanh
1202:The government had a
737:Inlavanh Keobounphanh
670:Xaysana Khotphouthone
646:Viengthong Siphandone
559:Chansamone Chanyalath
554:Deputy Prime Minister
380:Inspection Commission
240:Deputy Prime Minister
6302:United Arab Emirates
4843:World Heritage Sites
4562:Thongsing Thammavong
3720:Constitution of Laos
3011:Thongsing Thammavong
2735:Lao Neutralist Party
1374:Thongsing Thammavong
1248:Maychantane Sengmany
1131:Constituent Assembly
814:Ministry of Defense
593:Malaythong Kommasith
208:Constitution of Laos
6272:Trinidad and Tobago
5622:Antigua and Barbuda
5357:Heads of government
5342:Vietnam (President)
5307:Myanmar (President)
4742:Vietnamese invasion
4697:French protectorate
4567:Thongloun Sisoulith
4557:Bouasone Bouphavanh
4552:Bounnhang Vorachith
4351:Library of Congress
4139:10.1093/icon/moz067
3178:on 12 October 1945.
3112:Thongloun Sisoulith
3071:Bounnhang Vorachith
3047:Thongloun Sisoulith
2970:Bouasone Bouphavanh
2934:Bounnhang Vorachith
2898:āšŠāšĩāšŠāš°āšŦāš§āšēāš āŧāšāŧāš§āšāšļāšāšāšąāš
1378:Thongloun Sisoulith
1370:Bounnhang Vorachith
1368:was ranked eighth,
1366:Sisavat Keobounphan
1316:President of France
1072:(SPA) approved the
845:Saleumxay Kommasith
808:Thongloun Sisoulith
767:Alounxay Sounnalath
617:Khamphan Phommathat
502:Thongloun Sisoulith
425:Thongloun Sisoulith
403:Vilayvanh Boudakham
393:Khamphan Phommathat
339:Thongloun Sisoulith
5525:(Governor-General)
5332:Thailand (Monarch)
5302:Malaysia (Monarch)
5277:Cambodia (Monarch)
5007:Telecommunications
4757:History since 1945
4752:History until 1945
4577:Sonexay Siphandone
4572:Phankham Viphavanh
4537:Kaysone Phomvihane
4534:
4469:Katay Don Sasorith
4425:
4353:. pp. 203â52.
3284:, p. xxxviii.
3129:Sonexay Siphandone
3088:Phankham Viphavanh
2994:Choummaly Sayasone
2876:Nouhak Phoumsavanh
2869:Kaysone Phomvihane
2845:Khamtai Siphandone
2797:Kaysone Phomvihane
2649:āšāšļāšāšāšļāŧāšĄ āšāš° āšāšģāšāšēāšŠāšąāš
2563:Lao People's Rally
2299:Lao People's Rally
2154:Katay Don Sasorith
1940:āšāšļāšāšāšļāŧāšĄ āšāš° āšāšģāšāšēāšŠāšąāš
1508:Role and authority
1244:Chanmy Douangboudy
1212:Nouhak Phoumsavanh
1180:Kaysone Phomvihane
1043:Sonexay Siphandone
1025:, they direct the
1015:head of government
699:Standing Committee
688:Mass organisations
665:Supreme Prosecutor
564:Sonexay Siphandone
547:Phankham Viphavanh
519:Bounthong Chitmany
472:Standing Committee
361:Bounthong Chitmany
123:Head of government
78:Sonexay Siphandone
6469:Laotian ministers
6451:
6450:
5807:Equatorial Guinea
5552:
5551:
5224:
5223:
5184:
5183:
5030:
5029:
4956:
4955:
4933:Political parties
4921:National Assembly
4889:General Secretary
4884:Foreign relations
4851:
4850:
4767:2007 coup attempt
4737:Laotian Civil War
4727:Ho Chi Minh trail
4702:Japanese invasion
4593:
4592:
4542:Khamtai Siphandon
4459:Sisavang Vatthana
4108:Journal articles:
4099:978-1-55587-004-1
4076:978-0-81086-411-5
3830:, pp. 122â3.
3806:, pp. 405â6.
3155:
3154:
3143:30 December 2022
3134:āšŠāšāšâāŧāš āšŠāšĩâāšāšąāšâāšāšāš
3105:30 December 2022
3025:23 December 2010
2987:23 December 2010
2917:Khamtai Siphandon
2907:16 February 1998
2862:16 February 1998
2828:Phoumi Vongvichit
2740:
2739:
2317:Sisavang Vatthana
2160:āšāš°āšāŧāšēāš āŧāšāšāšŠāš°āŧāšŠāšĨāšīāš
2044:Sisavang Vatthana
2022:Independent Party
1557:public prosecutor
1542:plenipotentiaries
1384:Duties and rights
1224:Phoune Sipraseuth
1220:Khamtai Siphandon
1216:Phoumi Vongvichit
1193:foreign relations
1085:Law on Government
1068:on that day. The
1035:National Assembly
1003:
1002:
872:Visa requirements
762:General Secretary
755:Central Committee
725:Central Committee
493:Presidency (9th)
444:National Assembly
334:General Secretary
324:Central Committee
307:National Congress
245:
244:
212:Law on Government
188:National Assembly
6491:
6403:Nagorno-Karabakh
6107:Papua New Guinea
5742:Congo (Republic)
5579:
5572:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5528:(Prime Minister)
5297:Laos (President)
5272:Brunei (Monarch)
5251:
5244:
5237:
5228:
5227:
5204:
5197:
5041:
5040:
4987:
4967:
4966:
4862:
4861:
4791:
4790:
4779:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4588:
4490:Kouprasith Abhay
4479:Phoui Sananikone
4454:Phoui Sananikone
4396:
4389:
4382:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4354:
4344:
4325:
4314:Brill Publishers
4298:
4263:
4252:Brill Publishers
4236:
4191:
4185:
4177:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4103:
4080:
4057:
4034:
4011:
4005:
3997:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3922:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3717:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3645:
3639:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3599:
3593:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3551:
3545:
3536:
3535:, p. 168â9.
3530:
3524:
3518:
3497:
3496:, pp. 55â6.
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3472:, pp. 52â3.
3467:
3456:
3450:
3441:
3435:
3424:
3418:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3392:, pp. 47â8.
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3327:
3321:
3312:
3311:, pp. 67â8.
3306:
3300:
3294:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3213:
3202:
3196:
3185:
3179:
3168:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3007:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2811:8 December 1975
2808:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2762:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2706:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšŠāšļāš§āšąāšāšāš°āšāšđāšĄāšē
2697:
2691:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2596:(not recognized)
2592:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2534:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšŠāšļāš§āšąāšāšāš°āšāšđāšĄāšē
2525:
2519:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2462:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2397:
2372:
2363:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2350:āšŠāšđāšāšāšāš āšāš°āšāšģāšĄāš°āš§āšŧāš
2341:
2335:
2323:
2313:
2309:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2264:Phoui Sananikone
2259:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2217:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšŠāšļāš§āšąāšāšāš°āšāšđāšĄāšē
2208:
2202:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2107:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšŠāšļāš§āšąāšāšāš°āšāšđāšĄāšē
2098:
2092:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2055:(1907â1978/1984)
2052:
2051:
2041:
2035:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1987:Phoui Sananikone
1982:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1925:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1856:
1846:
1842:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1790:
1778:
1768:
1764:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1712:
1700:
1690:
1686:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1634:
1613:
1601:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1429:approved by the
1337:mental disorders
1294:LPRP Secretariat
1236:Saly Vongkhamsao
1163:socialist states
1092:and the party's
1066:First Government
995:
988:
981:
958:
957:
956:
936:Democracy (CIDL)
461:
282:MarxismâLeninism
263:
252:Politics of Laos
247:
246:
218:Inaugural holder
92:Executive branch
72:
56:
42:
33:
32:
21:
20:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6336:
6207:Solomon Islands
6087:North Macedonia
5772:Northern Cyprus
5594:
5593:Prime ministers
5588:
5586:Prime ministers
5583:
5553:
5548:
5537:
5497:Burma (Monarch)
5486:
5477:
5455:Supreme leaders
5449:
5351:
5258:
5255:
5225:
5220:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5180:
5171:Public holidays
5117:
5108:Sex trafficking
5026:
4985:
4952:
4911:Law enforcement
4847:
4828:Protected areas
4780:
4771:
4717:Kingdom of Laos
4633:
4624:
4594:
4589:
4586:
4580:
4522:
4514:
4510:Souvanna Phouma
4500:Souvanna Phouma
4474:Souvanna Phouma
4464:Souvanna Phouma
4423:Kingdom of Laos
4413:
4411:Kingdom of Laos
4405:
4400:
4356:
4355:
4342:
4287:10.2307/2645202
4217:
4179:
4178:
4151:
4100:
4077:
4067:Scarecrow Press
4054:
4031:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3923:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3804:Stuart-Fox 2008
3802:
3798:
3792:Stuart-Fox 2008
3790:
3786:
3780:Stuart-Fox 2008
3778:
3774:
3766:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3648:
3640:
3631:
3623:
3619:
3611:
3602:
3594:
3587:
3581:Stuart-Fox 1986
3579:
3575:
3569:Stuart-Fox 1986
3567:
3554:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3459:
3451:
3444:
3436:
3427:
3419:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3330:
3324:Stuart-Fox 2008
3322:
3315:
3309:Stuart-Fox 2008
3307:
3303:
3297:Stuart-Fox 2008
3295:
3288:
3282:Stuart-Fox 2008
3280:
3276:
3270:Stuart-Fox 2008
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3203:
3199:
3186:
3182:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3020:
3019:
3013:
2979:
2978:
2975:āšāšŧāš§āšŠāšāš āšāšļāšāšāšēāš§āšąāš
2972:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2859:15 August 1991
2854:
2853:
2847:
2814:15 August 1991
2806:
2805:
2799:
2781:Time in office
2765:Term of office
2760:
2759:
2745:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2700:Souvanna Phouma
2698:
2695:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2580:Quinim Pholsena
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2528:Souvanna Phouma
2526:
2523:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2474:
2469:
2466:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2391:
2387:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2211:Souvanna Phouma
2209:
2206:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2101:Souvanna Phouma
2099:
2096:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2039:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1883:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšŠāšļāš§āšąāšāšāš°āšĢāšēāš
1880:
1875:
1872:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1805:āŧāšāšŧāŧāšēāšāšīāšāšāšēāš§āšŧāšāšŠāŧ
1802:
1797:
1794:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1622:Time in office
1611:
1610:
1599:
1598:
1591:Political party
1587:Term of office
1584:Prime Minister
1574:
1569:
1510:
1472:, separate and
1451:foreign affairs
1418:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1332:
1307:
1256:judicial powers
1155:
1147:Kingdom of Laos
1127:Kingdom of Laos
1115:
1110:
1009:, formerly the
999:
970:
966:Other countries
960:Laos portal
954:
952:
947:
946:
938:
935:
919:
918:
890:
882:
881:
863:
851:
834:
826:
825:
820:: C. Chanyalath
797:
796:
780:
779:
689:
681:
680:
457:
446:
436:
435:
356:Standing Member
302:
292:
291:
277:
254:
210:
145:
101:
83:
81:
80:
76:
73:
61:
47:
45:National emblem
17:
12:
11:
5:
6497:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6344:
6342:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6332:Western Sahara
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6307:United Kingdom
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5777:Czech Republic
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5582:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5559:
5550:
5549:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5519:
5514:
5512:Laos (Monarch)
5509:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5484:heads of state
5479:
5478:
5476:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5437:
5427:
5422:
5412:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5382:
5377:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5339:
5329:
5324:
5314:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5264:Heads of state
5260:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5231:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5206:
5205:
5198:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5087:hybrid variant
5075:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5002:Stock exchange
4999:
4994:
4989:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4948:Prime Minister
4945:
4943:Vice President
4940:
4935:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4722:Indochina Wars
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4677:Luang Phrabang
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4623:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4526:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4417:
4415:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4327:
4326:
4299:
4264:
4237:
4215:
4192:
4144:
4105:
4104:
4098:
4081:
4075:
4058:
4052:
4035:
4029:
4012:
3992:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3832:
3820:
3818:, p. 183.
3808:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3770:, p. 766.
3760:
3742:
3725:
3704:
3702:, p. 767.
3692:
3690:, p. 761.
3677:
3675:, p. 169.
3665:
3646:
3629:
3627:, p. 117.
3617:
3600:
3585:
3573:
3552:
3550:, p. 169.
3537:
3525:
3523:, p. 168.
3498:
3486:
3474:
3457:
3442:
3425:
3406:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3356:, p. 162.
3343:
3328:
3326:, p. 397.
3313:
3301:
3286:
3274:
3272:, p. 253.
3261:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3197:
3180:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3141:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3102:22 March 2021
3100:
3085:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3064:22 March 2021
3062:
3061:20 April 2016
3059:
3052:āšāšāšāšĨāšļāš āšŠāšĩāšŠāšļāšĨāšīāš
3044:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:20 April 2016
3026:
3023:
3016:āšāšāšāšŠāšīāš āšāšģāšĄāš°āš§āšŧāš
3008:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2967:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2948:27 March 2001
2946:
2939:āšāšļāšāšāšąāš āš§āŧāšĨāš°āšāšīāš
2931:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2910:27 March 2001
2908:
2905:
2890:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2802:āŧāšāšŠāšāš āšāšŧāšĄāš§āšīāšŦāšēāš
2794:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2586:āšāš§āšĩāšāšīāšĄ āšāšŧāšĨāŧāšŠāšāšē
2576:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2557:105 days
2555:
2548:
2541:
2520:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2463:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2443:148 days
2441:
2434:
2427:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2336:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2260:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2203:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2093:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2036:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1983:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1828:326 days
1826:
1819:
1812:
1791:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1750:193 days
1748:
1739:
1730:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1635:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1515:five-year plan
1509:
1506:
1417:
1414:
1405:term of office
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1331:
1328:
1320:Fifth Republic
1306:
1303:
1228:LPRP Politburo
1154:
1151:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
990:
983:
975:
972:
971:
969:
968:
962:
949:
948:
945:
944:
939:
932:
930:
925:
920:
917:
916:
910:
903:
899:
897:
891:
889:Related topics
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
874:
869:
862:
861:
850:
849:
848:
847:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
822:
821:
812:
811:
810:
798:
795:
794:
791:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
776:
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
770:
769:
747:
746:
745:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:
739:
717:
716:
715:
714:
713:
712:
711:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
677:
676:
675:
674:
673:
672:
652:
651:
650:
649:
648:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
599:
598:
597:
596:
595:
575:
574:
573:
572:
571:
566:
561:
551:
550:
549:
542:Prime Minister
525:
524:
523:
522:
521:
516:
509:Vice President
506:
505:
504:
491:
490:
489:
488:
487:
469:
468:
467:
454:
453:
447:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
427:
409:
408:
407:
406:
405:
399:Vice Chairman
397:
396:
395:
377:
367:
366:
365:
364:
363:
343:
342:
341:
321:
315:
314:
303:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
278:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
256:
255:
250:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
231:21 August 1941
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
205:
201:
200:
197:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
144:
143:
141:LPRP Politburo
138:
132:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
109:
103:
102:
100:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
74:
67:
66:
63:
62:
57:
49:
48:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6496:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:Defunct title
6339:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6217:South Ossetia
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5872:Guinea-Bissau
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5822:Faroe Islands
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5591:
5587:
5580:
5575:
5573:
5568:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5547:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5252:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5141:Dramatic arts
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5063:Ethnic groups
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4803:Deforestation
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4583:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4434:Phaya Khammao
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4216:9789814345040
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4101:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4053:0-7022-1840-5
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4030:0-203-09947-8
4026:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4003:
3995:
3993:0-8179-8122-5
3989:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3957:
3951:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3829:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3805:
3800:
3793:
3788:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3764:
3753:
3746:
3735:
3729:
3721:
3714:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3663:, p. 82.
3662:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3644:, p. 84.
3643:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3615:, p. 90.
3614:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3598:, p. 89.
3597:
3592:
3590:
3583:, p. 81.
3582:
3577:
3571:, p. 70.
3570:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3549:
3544:
3542:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3495:
3490:
3484:, p. 55.
3483:
3478:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3455:, p. 53.
3454:
3449:
3447:
3440:, p. 54.
3439:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3423:, p. 52.
3422:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3404:, p. 48.
3403:
3398:
3391:
3386:
3380:, p. 47.
3379:
3374:
3368:, p. 46.
3367:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3341:, p. 39.
3340:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3299:, p. 67.
3298:
3293:
3291:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3163:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3093:āšāšąāšāšāšģ āš§āšīāšāšēāš§āšąāš
3089:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2850:āšāšģāŧāš āšŠāšĩāšāšąāšāšāšāš
2846:
2840:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:Souphanouvong
2819:
2798:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2761:(BirthâDeath)
2748:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2500:73 days
2499:
2492:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2368:
2366:
2359:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2300:
2270:āšāšļāš āšāš°āšāš°āšāšīāšāšāš
2266:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2073:37 days
2072:
2065:
2058:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:āšāšļāš āšāš°āšāš°āšāšīāšāšāš
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1850:Sisavang Vong
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1731:
1719:
1718:
1717:Phaya Khammao
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1695:
1694:Sisavang Vong
1685:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1645:
1644:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1577:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1549:rectification
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Souphanouvong
1286:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1186:
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730:
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728:
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723:
722:
721:
720:Women's Union
718:
710:
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514:Pany Yathotou
512:
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108:
104:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
86:
79:
71:
64:
60:
59:National flag
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
27:
22:
19:
6433:Turkmenistan
6423:South Africa
6192:Sint Maarten
6172:Saudi Arabia
5966:
5752:Cook Islands
5702:Burkina Faso
5543:
5394:
5098:Prostitution
5053:Demographics
5017:Trade unions
4979:Central bank
4947:
4894:Human rights
4874:Constitution
4444:Souvannarath
4402:
4338:
4329:
4328:
4309:
4303:
4274:
4270:Asian Survey
4268:
4247:
4241:
4196:
4182:cite journal
4155:
4125:
4119:
4107:
4106:
4085:
4062:
4039:
4016:
3979:
3971:
3970:
3967:Bibliography
3938:. Retrieved
3823:
3811:
3799:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3745:
3728:
3713:"Article 36"
3707:
3695:
3668:
3661:Johnson 1992
3642:Johnson 1992
3620:
3576:
3528:
3494:Norindr 1982
3489:
3482:Norindr 1982
3477:
3470:Norindr 1982
3453:Norindr 1982
3438:Norindr 1982
3421:Norindr 1982
3402:Norindr 1982
3397:
3390:Norindr 1982
3385:
3378:Norindr 1982
3373:
3366:Norindr 1982
3361:
3339:Norindr 1982
3304:
3277:
3265:
3200:
3183:
3166:
3146:
2984:8 June 2006
2951:8 June 2006
2778:Left office
2775:Took office
2769:President(s)
2699:
2678:Non-partisan
2642:
2615:2 days
2595:
2578:
2527:
2470:
2449:Non-partisan
2412:
2378:7 days
2369:
2360:
2343:
2315:
2262:
2210:
2152:
2100:
2079:Non-partisan
2043:
2040:Crown Prince
1985:
1969:Non-partisan
1933:
1912:Non-partisan
1877:Souvannarath
1876:
1848:
1834:Non-partisan
1798:
1770:
1741:
1732:
1715:
1692:
1678:Non-partisan
1642:
1619:Left office
1616:Took office
1553:
1546:
1526:armed forces
1519:
1511:
1499:
1483:
1467:
1455:state budget
1439:
1419:
1398:
1350:
1333:
1324:
1308:
1287:
1275:
1260:
1201:
1189:
1156:
1116:
1102:
1082:
1078:Constitution
1047:
1010:
1006:
1004:
923:Human rights
541:
275:Constitution
18:
6413:Philippines
6152:Saint Lucia
6077:New Zealand
6072:Netherlands
5947:South Korea
5942:North Korea
5607:Afghanistan
5522:Philippines
5415:Philippines
4974:Agriculture
4899:LGBT rights
4692:Muang Phuan
4662:Tai peoples
4414:(1945â1975)
4316:: 299â317.
4201:: 107â128.
4160:: 179â200.
3139:(born 1966)
3098:(born 1951)
3057:(born 1945)
3021:(born 1944)
2980:(born 1954)
2944:(born 1937)
2903:(1928â2020)
2855:(born 1924)
2807:(1920â1992)
2711:(1901â1984)
2659:13 December
2654:(1912â1980)
2609:13 December
2602:11 December
2591:(1915â1963)
2551:13 December
2539:(1901â1984)
2482:(1913â1975)
2425:(1892â1964)
2362:31 December
2355:(1911â1985)
2322:(1959â1975)
2287:31 December
2275:(1903â1983)
2222:(1901â1984)
2165:(1904â1959)
2117:21 November
2112:(1901â1984)
2067:21 November
2003:24 February
1998:(1903â1983)
1957:24 February
1945:(1912â1980)
1888:(1893â1960)
1855:(1946â1959)
1810:(1900â1951)
1777:(1945â1946)
1728:(1911â1984)
1723:āšāš°āšāšē āšāšģāšĄāŧāšēāš§
1699:(1904â1945)
1654:(1890â1959)
1538:ambassadors
1470:consolidate
1447:environment
1423:resolutions
1389:Term limits
1318:during the
1143:Souvannarat
1139:promulgated
928:LGBT rights
877:Visa policy
750:Youth Union
346:Secretariat
195:Term length
6458:Categories
6418:Seychelles
6312:Uzbekistan
6252:Tajikistan
6052:Mozambique
6042:Montenegro
6022:Mauritania
6002:Madagascar
5997:Luxembourg
5962:Kyrgyzstan
5937:Kazakhstan
5797:East Timor
5727:Cape Verde
5657:Bangladesh
5642:Azerbaijan
5595:by country
5489:government
5380:East Timor
5161:Literature
4986:(currency)
4808:Ecoregions
4762:Insurgency
4747:Neutrality
4732:Pathet Lao
4712:Lao Issara
4657:Lao people
4652:Khun Borom
4587:â military
4132:: 756â86.
3940:23 January
3828:Creak 2011
3757:(3). 2003.
3252:References
3206:Phnom Penh
3176:Lao Issara
2723:2 December
2170:25 October
2124:25 October
2060:15 October
2010:15 October
1756:Lao Issara
1734:12 October
1666:10 October
1612:(Lifespan)
1459:annulments
1416:Government
1376:third and
1113:Background
1023:government
843:Minister:
528:Government
481:President
113:Excellency
6378:Indonesia
6237:Swaziland
6227:Sri Lanka
6187:Singapore
6102:Palestine
6027:Mauritius
5992:Lithuania
5857:Greenland
5637:Australia
5425:Singapore
5385:Indonesia
5151:Festivals
5058:Education
5022:Transport
4938:President
4926:President
4879:Elections
4786:Geography
4687:Champasak
4682:Vientiane
4439:Kindavong
4359:cite book
4281:: 82â87.
4254:: 75â78.
4233:155598922
4174:157560697
4021:Routledge
4002:cite book
3625:John 2006
3613:John 2006
3596:John 2006
3147:Incumbent
2755:Portrait
2544:30 August
2494:15 August
2430:7 January
2414:Kou Abhay
2371:7 January
2280:17 August
2234:17 August
1799:Kindavong
1659:21 August
1606:Portrait
1502:foreigner
1474:liquidate
1443:resources
1410:resigning
1362:Politburo
1312:president
1204:hierarchy
1094:Politburo
1031:president
1013:, is the
913:districts
908:provinces
895:Elections
732:President
704:President
641:President
626:Judiciary
612:President
588:President
497:President
459:President
421:Chairman
389:Chairman
370:Politburo
228:Formation
184:Appointer
178:President
174:Nominator
168:Vientiane
151:Residence
129:Member of
75:Incumbent
6443:Zimbabwe
6398:Maldives
6262:Thailand
6257:Tanzania
6202:Slovenia
6197:Slovakia
6122:Portugal
6097:Pakistan
6037:Mongolia
6007:Malaysia
5817:Ethiopia
5792:Dominica
5787:Djibouti
5717:Cameroon
5712:Cambodia
5697:Bulgaria
5662:Barbados
5602:Abkhazia
5482:Defunct
5430:Thailand
5400:Malaysia
5370:Cambodia
5211:Category
5103:Religion
5093:Language
5078:COVID-19
4916:Military
4857:Politics
4838:Wildlife
4818:Phou Bia
4672:Vat Phou
4667:Lan Xang
4647:Peopling
4631:articles
4505:Boun Oum
4449:Boun Oum
4225:41418640
3950:cite web
3768:Bui 2019
3700:Bui 2019
3688:Bui 2019
3257:Specific
3220:Timeline
3210:Cambodia
3193:Thailand
2643:Boun Oum
2227:21 March
2177:21 March
1950:25 March
1934:Boun Oum
1900:25 March
1893:15 March
1822:15 March
1815:23 April
1743:23 April
1534:generals
1530:colonels
1495:treaties
1463:taxation
1372:fourth,
1360:and its
867:Passport
818:Minister
790:Military
451:9th term
6408:Nigeria
6363:Comoros
6322:Vietnam
6317:Vanuatu
6297:Ukraine
6277:Tunisia
6212:Somalia
6177:Senegal
6132:Romania
6062:Namibia
6057:Myanmar
6047:Morocco
6032:Moldova
5982:Lesotho
5977:Lebanon
5922:Jamaica
5907:Ireland
5892:Iceland
5887:Hungary
5862:Grenada
5847:Georgia
5832:Finland
5812:Estonia
5782:Denmark
5767:Curaçao
5757:Croatia
5707:Burundi
5682:Bermuda
5672:Belgium
5667:Belarus
5652:Bahrain
5647:Bahamas
5627:Armenia
5617:Algeria
5612:Albania
5473:Vietnam
5468:Myanmar
5440:Vietnam
5405:Myanmar
5195:Outline
5136:Cuisine
5123:Culture
5036:Society
5012:Tourism
4997:Fishing
4962:Economy
4798:Borders
4639:History
4523:(1975â)
4349:of the
4330:Report:
4295:2645202
3933:of the
3739:. 2003.
3722:. 2015.
3189:Bangkok
2716:23 June
2666:23 June
2420:āšāšļ āšāš°āŧāš
2340:General
1600:(Reign)
1596:Monarch
1490:monitor
1486:control
1479:special
1435:decrees
1167:Vietnam
1108:History
859:in Laos
793:Defense
6438:Zambia
6428:Turkey
6393:Malawi
6368:Gambia
6358:Brazil
6348:Angola
6292:Uganda
6287:Tuvalu
6242:Sweden
6182:Serbia
6142:Rwanda
6137:Russia
6117:Poland
6092:Norway
5972:Latvia
5957:Kuwait
5952:Kosovo
5932:Jordan
5912:Israel
5877:Guyana
5867:Guinea
5852:Greece
5837:France
5722:Canada
5687:Bhutan
5677:Belize
5365:Brunei
5216:Portal
5176:Sports
5146:Emblem
5131:Anthem
5068:Health
4992:Energy
4823:Rivers
4813:Mekong
4629:
4293:
4231:
4223:
4213:
4172:
4096:
4073:
4050:
4027:
3990:
3972:Books:
3170:Under
2696:Prince
2639:Prince
2524:Prince
2487:3 June
2467:Prince
2437:3 June
2207:Prince
2097:Prince
1930:Prince
1873:Prince
1795:Prince
1767:Prince
1639:Prince
1445:, the
1427:edicts
1033:, the
806:Head:
236:Deputy
6388:Kenya
6373:Ghana
6353:Benin
6327:Yemen
6267:Tonga
6247:Syria
6232:Sudan
6222:Spain
6162:Samoa
6127:Qatar
6067:Nepal
6017:Malta
5987:Libya
5927:Japan
5917:Italy
5897:India
5882:Haiti
5842:Gabon
5802:Egypt
5632:Aruba
5545:ASEAN
5202:Index
5166:Music
5113:Women
5082:Delta
5048:Crime
4833:Towns
4343:(PDF)
4312:(4).
4291:JSTOR
4277:(1).
4250:(1).
4229:S2CID
4221:JSTOR
4170:S2CID
4152:(PDF)
4128:(3).
3755:(PDF)
3737:(PDF)
3716:(PDF)
3158:Notes
2726:1975
2719:1962
2669:1962
2662:1960
2612:1960
2605:1960
2554:1960
2547:1960
2497:1960
2490:1960
2440:1960
2433:1960
2290:1959
2283:1958
2237:1958
2230:1956
2180:1956
2173:1954
2127:1954
2120:1951
2070:1951
2063:1951
2013:1951
2006:1950
1960:1950
1953:1948
1903:1948
1896:1947
1825:1947
1818:1946
1669:1945
1662:1941
319:Rules
111:Your
107:Style
6383:Iran
6112:Peru
6082:Niue
6012:Mali
5967:Laos
5902:Iraq
5827:Fiji
5762:Cuba
5737:Chad
5487:and
5463:Laos
5444:list
5434:list
5419:list
5409:list
5395:Laos
5389:list
5374:list
5346:list
5336:list
5321:list
5311:list
5291:list
5156:Flag
5085:cron
5080:and
4984:Kip
4627:Laos
4532:Laos
4365:link
4211:ISBN
4188:link
4094:ISBN
4071:ISBN
4048:ISBN
4025:ISBN
4008:link
3988:ISBN
3956:link
3942:2021
2758:Name
2684:(7)
2627:(4)
2512:(7)
2374:1960
2365:1959
2312:King
2252:(5)
2195:(7)
1845:King
1746:1946
1737:1945
1689:King
1609:Name
1559:and
1540:and
1488:and
1421:and
1250:and
1222:and
1048:The
1019:Laos
1005:The
833:List
536:list
416:11th
384:11th
374:11th
350:11th
328:11th
311:11th
163:Seat
119:Type
5073:HIV
4906:Law
4318:doi
4283:doi
4256:doi
4203:doi
4162:doi
4134:doi
2751:No.
2455:10
2394:ARL
2389:FAR
1580:No.
1017:of
659:9th
635:9th
606:9th
582:9th
532:9th
476:9th
6460::
4361:}}
4357:{{
4345:.
4310:17
4308:.
4289:.
4275:32
4273:.
4248:17
4246:.
4227:.
4219:.
4209:.
4184:}}
4180:{{
4168:.
4154:.
4126:17
4124:.
4118:.
4092:.
4088:.
4069:.
4065:.
4046:.
4042:.
4023:.
4019:.
4004:}}
4000:{{
3986:.
3982:.
3952:}}
3948:{{
3929:.
3835:^
3718:.
3680:^
3649:^
3632:^
3603:^
3588:^
3555:^
3540:^
3501:^
3460:^
3445:^
3428:^
3409:^
3346:^
3331:^
3316:^
3289:^
3208:,
3191:,
3118:9
3077:8
3036:7
3000:6
2959:5
2923:4
2882:3
2834:2
2786:1
2402:9
2386:/
2328:â
2142:8
2085:7
2028:6
1975:5
1918:4
1861:3
1783:2
1705:â
1627:1
1544:.
1497:.
1437:.
1246:,
1242:,
1238:,
1218:,
1214:,
857:/
661:)
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608:)
584:)
538:)
478:)
418:)
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5442:(
5436:)
5432:(
5421:)
5417:(
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5407:(
5391:)
5387:(
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5372:(
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5344:(
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5334:(
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