895:
1379:
940:
243:
273:
1422:
38:
924:
993:
258:
1696:
1996:
1332:
1318:
1681:
910:
971:
1304:
956:
7336:
1346:
1398:
1365:
2105:"As the eighteenth century unfolded, military garrisons and soldiers superseded the missions as the lynchpins of Spain's efforts to stabilize the frontier. With the new approach came new forms of coercion. The word “presidio” captures the dual purpose of garrison and prison." Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (p. 205). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
1893:
1019:
1527:
2096:"Spanish policymakers also decided to set up a line of presidios stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This presidial line was very close to today's international border between Mexico and the United States." Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (p. 198). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.
133:
would be established a short distance outside a presidio. This was a tract of land assigned to the presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison. Mexico called this facility "rancho nacional". Presidios were only accessible to
Spanish military and soldiers.
291:
Few presidios were established in the present-day desert frontier regions in northern Mexico to control and confine the existing rebellious indigenous tribes. Captured indigenous warriors were confined and enslaved at the presidio. Presidios was used to protect the colonial silver ship from
2072:"Ranchos of California: Extracts from: Grants of land in California made by Spanish or Mexican authorities, by Cris Perez Boundary Determination Office State Lands Commission Boundary Investigation Unit August 23, 1982. Berkeley Library website"
465:
441:
1985:
1590:
2015:
475:
489:
784:
1940:
506:
517:
102:
Later in western North
America, with independence, the Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions such as the
430:
554:
451:
2805:
939:
1905:
1896:
6730:
930:
688:
543:
915:
358:
894:
615:
720:
419:
5279:
401:
607:
923:
2271:
1378:
4409:
347:
2025:
3418:
4429:
3344:
2815:
1416:
992:
5347:
2899:
1822:, abandoned when Spanish regained Pensacola Bay area from French in 1722, Spanish relocated to Presidio Isla Santa Rosa Punta de Siguenza (see below)
242:
901:
977:
667:
4894:
4389:
2597:
2390:
1097:
are listed here in geographical sequence, from West to East, and including neither Spain's
Atlantic settlements in the Moroccan far South (e.g.
375:
834:
816:
5352:
4439:
2904:
2698:
1680:
1013:
184:
2714:
4044:
3402:
2728:
2643:
2784:
7366:
2721:
2707:
2264:
2735:
2653:
5391:
712:
2071:
5443:
5259:
4363:
3041:
2810:
272:
4343:
2820:
6546:
2257:
3481:
5117:
3228:
3003:
2693:
2129:
4079:
3948:
3575:
3571:
5212:
5207:
4575:
3981:
3624:
3077:
2145:
1811:
The
Presidio San Marcos de Apalachee, founded in 1718 at the existing port of San Marcos, which developed into the town of
1695:
1636:
408:
7140:
6835:
5274:
4394:
2841:
2764:
1761:
3263:
1309:
1135:
5041:
4358:
4294:
4016:
3996:
3471:
3203:
3166:
1975:
774:
96:
5406:
4510:
6955:
6740:
5107:
5016:
4414:
3958:
3511:
3141:
257:
5307:
3991:
3475:
3253:
3008:
2887:
2769:
2633:
1603:
1559:
1549:
1530:
1050:
in 1415. The establishment of
Spanish military outposts on the North African coast echoed earlier endeavors by the
4683:
4618:
2485:
1955:
7165:
5244:
5036:
4823:
4623:
4172:
4107:
3693:
3595:
2779:
2748:
2673:
2658:
2613:
2525:
1074:
between 1580 and 1640, the
Spanish Crown gained Ceuta and the Portuguese outposts on the Atlantic Coast, such as
532:
5162:
4678:
4122:
4006:
1098:
725:
7361:
5264:
5202:
5001:
4419:
4132:
4112:
4084:
4001:
3976:
3836:
3644:
3551:
3491:
3458:
2957:
2683:
2663:
2628:
2415:
5227:
5056:
4813:
1345:
5379:
5357:
5312:
5254:
5232:
5046:
4818:
4500:
4289:
4274:
3359:
3223:
3176:
2836:
2743:
2648:
2618:
2470:
2335:
2280:
1926:
1922:
1790:
1539:
293:
192:
4608:
2993:
970:
60:
between the 16th and 18th centuries in areas under their control or influence. The term is derived from the
6388:
5926:
5436:
5249:
5217:
4748:
4613:
4049:
3429:
3238:
3034:
2998:
2925:
2678:
2668:
2430:
2146:"San Felipe de Gracia Real de Terrenate – Tumacácori National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
510:
5237:
4570:
6725:
5806:
5222:
5122:
4753:
4205:
4137:
3106:
2623:
2545:
1798:
909:
351:
4673:
4580:
1801:; captured by French in 1719, Spanish relocated to Presidio Bahía San José de Nueva Asturias (see below)
6321:
5157:
4520:
4167:
4054:
3966:
3938:
3565:
3535:
3340:
3171:
2688:
2638:
1836:, ceded to Great Britain in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821
1826:
1815:, ceded to Great Britain in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821
1611:
1579:
1331:
1039:
4540:
4495:
848:
6770:
5076:
5026:
4884:
4783:
4279:
4152:
4117:
4069:
3971:
3583:
3467:
3156:
3126:
3121:
2962:
2581:
2515:
1829:, destroyed by a hurricane in 1755, Spanish relocated to Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola (see below)
1651:
1647:
1632:
31:
17:
6395:
3701:
2495:
2249:
1421:
7267:
6345:
5021:
4904:
4864:
4803:
4798:
4738:
4157:
4147:
3933:
3636:
3547:
3248:
2967:
1725:
1451:
802:
412:
87:, the presidios were outposts of the Christian defense against Islamic raids. In the Americas, the
5401:
4480:
3713:
3233:
469:
7314:
7089:
6795:
6790:
6710:
6507:
6454:
6424:
6181:
6111:
6055:
5632:
5429:
5071:
4929:
4773:
4713:
4663:
4565:
4162:
4127:
4074:
3709:
3579:
3543:
3273:
3146:
3131:
3027:
2505:
2395:
1496:
1317:
1087:
1059:
4264:
2857:
1397:
1303:
7339:
7155:
6745:
6642:
6527:
5711:
5362:
4934:
4869:
4373:
4259:
4142:
4102:
3746:
3539:
3198:
3188:
2480:
2465:
1909:
1721:
1687:
558:
37:
4505:
1625:
955:
7292:
7130:
6912:
6665:
6402:
6225:
5554:
4808:
4218:
4039:
3928:
3867:
3795:
3705:
3406:
3086:
2952:
2500:
1736:
1701:
1621:
1569:
1403:
1189:
866:
692:
572:
111:
5342:
4743:
4530:
4490:
4449:
3423:
2774:
445:
7277:
6805:
6431:
6230:
6196:
5596:
5478:
5317:
4986:
4949:
4939:
4879:
4778:
4758:
4653:
4465:
4284:
3161:
3151:
2510:
2420:
2305:
2020:
1948:
1819:
1615:
1022:
170:
4843:
4633:
4555:
1999:
1965:
883:
The
Presidio de Sacramento y Real de Minas de Ojocaliente de Bastidas, founded in 1620 in
525:
362:
8:
7094:
6830:
6186:
5564:
5386:
5142:
5127:
5011:
4991:
4944:
4924:
4728:
4723:
4668:
4638:
4404:
4029:
3986:
3943:
3872:
3841:
3612:
3591:
3557:
3463:
3433:
3364:
3208:
3181:
3081:
2945:
2475:
2445:
2325:
2075:
1881:
1859:
1747:
1573:
1293:
1289:
1043:
536:
426:. Replaced by flying squadron operating from the Post of Valle de San Bartolomé (1710–?).
383:
208:
5132:
4833:
2122:
Landscapes of Fraud: Mission Tumacácori, the Baca Float, and the
Betrayal of the O'odham
1832:
The
Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola, founded in 1755, which developed into the city of
706:
619:
600:
579:
7216:
6825:
6800:
6785:
6780:
6630:
6610:
6407:
5968:
5835:
5579:
5147:
5137:
5112:
5066:
5031:
4889:
4598:
4475:
4348:
3846:
3826:
3486:
3374:
3101:
2940:
2360:
2295:
2200:
2192:
1833:
1812:
1666:
1662:
1563:
1102:
982:
962:
946:
672:
483:
180:
155:
107:
103:
4470:
4399:
2385:
547:
493:
41:
7272:
7231:
7206:
7079:
6760:
6600:
6447:
6033:
5911:
5589:
5532:
5327:
5269:
5102:
4874:
4848:
4838:
4828:
4763:
4718:
4648:
4628:
4603:
4550:
4525:
3790:
3317:
3258:
3213:
3072:
2977:
2894:
2867:
2365:
2340:
2300:
2204:
2125:
1863:
1655:
1485:
1255:
1141:
1063:
1051:
796:
586:
423:
176:
3348:
1364:
7246:
7221:
7150:
7074:
6675:
6670:
6605:
6156:
5960:
5539:
4959:
4954:
4919:
4899:
4658:
4535:
4434:
4338:
3800:
3640:
2560:
2520:
2184:
2175:
Childers, Ronald Wayne (2004). "The
Presidio System in Spanish Florida 1565–1763".
1944:
1640:
1583:
1489:
434:
394:
390:
5337:
3369:
1995:
1929:, destroyed by Native Americans in 1576, re-established in 1577, abandoned in 1587
1337:
1165:
7135:
6987:
6960:
6900:
6870:
6755:
6720:
6700:
6685:
6240:
6235:
6203:
5964:
5906:
5894:
5876:
5743:
5724:
5650:
5627:
5402:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
5152:
5092:
5006:
4914:
4788:
4768:
4733:
4515:
4485:
4424:
4034:
4024:
3920:
3805:
3697:
3654:
3414:
3322:
3193:
2935:
2550:
2345:
2320:
1989:
1607:
1553:
1281:
1109:
737:
660:
143:
5061:
2440:
7304:
7299:
6965:
6950:
6885:
6875:
6750:
6735:
6635:
6625:
6590:
6464:
6257:
5954:
5921:
5885:
5701:
5559:
5523:
4996:
4909:
4793:
4545:
4368:
4353:
4254:
4228:
4213:
4094:
3689:
3683:
3587:
3354:
3268:
3218:
3096:
3050:
2930:
2565:
2535:
2016:
Lists of Spanish colonial missions of the Roman Catholic Church in the Americas
1805:
1794:
1754:
1543:
1506:
1492:, the current structure is the oldest in the country laid down around 1628–1630
1472:
1067:
829:
The Presidio de Espíritu Santo de Guadalajara (1532–1533) near the present-day
731:
379:
159:
57:
3501:
1728:
in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821
1046:, as the Portuguese had done several generations earlier with the conquest of
7355:
7309:
7262:
7170:
7160:
7114:
7084:
7069:
7038:
7019:
6880:
6820:
6775:
6690:
6649:
6459:
6092:
6087:
5820:
5783:
5768:
5719:
5664:
5643:
5452:
4560:
3410:
3327:
3136:
2862:
2460:
2455:
2003:
1979:
1969:
1732:
1720:
The Presidio San Augustin, founded in 1565, which developed into the city of
1670:
1440:
1389:
1071:
877:
778:
750:
233:
88:
80:
830:
7287:
7145:
7109:
7064:
7048:
6976:
6929:
6905:
6895:
6890:
6705:
6522:
6383:
6350:
6215:
6151:
6126:
6038:
6012:
5980:
5974:
5916:
5855:
5825:
5673:
5332:
5322:
5051:
4590:
4444:
4269:
3785:
3561:
3243:
3091:
2490:
279:
264:
249:
203:
4643:
7186:
7043:
7012:
6994:
6982:
6924:
6919:
6860:
6855:
6815:
6715:
6680:
6576:
6479:
6250:
6220:
6210:
6116:
6005:
5622:
5569:
4233:
4059:
3628:
3506:
2435:
2375:
2046:"presidio — Diccionario de la lengua española, Edición del Tricentenario"
1959:
1500:
1455:
1370:
1356:
1225:
1195:
1034:
1029:
884:
855:
84:
5813:
4223:
2196:
652:
The Presidio Ojuelos, founded in 1570, which developed into the city of
179:
were acquired by Spain following the latter's demise, by treaty between
7211:
7031:
7003:
6934:
6810:
6765:
6695:
6615:
6512:
6417:
6357:
6316:
6294:
6245:
6191:
6141:
6136:
6121:
6080:
6028:
5986:
5931:
5773:
5689:
5097:
3831:
3111:
2410:
2370:
2350:
2188:
1743:
1468:
1444:
1083:
763:
301:
7191:
5736:
2450:
2223:
Spanish Presidios of the Late Eighteenth Century in Northern New Spain
749:
The Presidio de Santiago de Los Valles de Oxitipa, founded in 1533 in
633:
195:, when they came under Austrian ownership, and were administered from
6620:
6551:
6378:
6373:
6306:
5947:
5860:
5790:
5748:
5574:
5544:
5505:
5471:
4064:
3821:
3721:
3496:
3398:
3332:
2330:
2279:
1877:
1786:, founded in 1567 on the site of what is now Miami, abandoned in 1568
1776:
1510:
1079:
999:
841:
823:
592:
The Presidio de la Purisíma Concepción de Zalaya, founded in 1570 in
521:
297:
228:
223:
213:
2315:
7104:
7099:
7024:
6865:
6583:
6558:
6541:
6412:
6340:
6333:
6176:
6064:
5938:
5758:
5753:
5729:
5657:
5637:
5617:
5584:
4238:
3116:
2882:
2872:
2310:
1825:
The Presidio Isla Santa Rosa Punta de Siguenza, founded in 1722 on
1783:
1772:
1624:, founded in 1769 in San Diego, its rancho del rey was what became
1425:
Map of the Presidios built in the Philippines during the 1600s, in
329:
318:
218:
1818:
The Presidio Bahía San José de Nueva Asturias, founded in 1719 on
7236:
7201:
7196:
6534:
6517:
6502:
6486:
6438:
6366:
6311:
6301:
6269:
6171:
6146:
6131:
5901:
5845:
5763:
5610:
5603:
5549:
5421:
5396:
5367:
3877:
3862:
3019:
2877:
2540:
2425:
2405:
1892:
1323:
1215:
1181:
1159:
1153:
1123:
1075:
792:
653:
115:
2045:
7241:
6595:
6161:
6099:
6043:
6021:
5998:
5991:
5867:
5850:
5682:
5514:
5496:
5466:
4333:
3887:
3882:
3659:
2972:
2400:
2380:
1765:
1385:
1271:
1261:
1245:
1205:
1147:
1055:
876:
The Presidio de San Pedro de Chalchihuites, founded in 1591 in
788:
593:
196:
92:
1804:
The Presidio Bahía San José de Valladares, founded in 1701 on
1018:
762:
The Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista, founded in 1726 in
705:
The Presidio de San Juan Bautista del Río, founded in 1531 in
7282:
7226:
6970:
6495:
6326:
6166:
5487:
5374:
3648:
3312:
2909:
2555:
2530:
2355:
2242:
Williams, J. S. "Appendix: Presidios of Northern New Spain".
1852:
1235:
1129:
1047:
949:
town hall, that was the Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista
716:
659:
The Presidio de Santa María de los Lagos, founded in 1563 in
646:
61:
6264:
6106:
6073:
6048:
5840:
5830:
5799:
5778:
3717:
3632:
1526:
1175:
585:
The Presidio de Santa Fe de Guanaxuato, founded in 1576 in
3610:
847:
The Presidio de Jerez de la Frontera, founded in 1570 in
571:
The Presidio de San Miguel el Grande, founded in 1542 in
466:
Presidio del Santísimo Sacramento del Valle de Santa Rosa
1731:
The Presidio San Mateo, founded in 1565 on the ruins of
442:
Presidio de Nuestra Señora de las Caldas de Guajoquilla
1760:
The Presidio San Antonio de Padua, founded in 1566 at
1606:, founded in 1770. Its rancho del rey was what became
854:
The Presidio Palmillas (1570–?), near the present-day
3365:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
1639:
in San Francisco. Its rancho del rey was what became
378:(1683–1773), at Ciudad Juárez, across the river from
2026:
Spanish colonial pueblos and villas in North America
328:The Presidio de Ciénega Grande, founded in 1570 in
1943:, founded in 1734 and re-established in 1771 near
1417:Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines
632:The Presidio de San Francisco, founded in 1522 in
2215:
187:on 3 July 1557, to form what became known as the
7353:
2237:The Presidio: Bastion of the Spanish Borderlands
1988:, founded in 1760 just southwest of present-day
1986:Presidio de la Junta de los Ríos Norte y Conchos
1739:, recaptured and destroyed by the French in 1568
1469:Presidio de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza
5693:
3909:
1978:San Saba, founded in 1772 near the present-day
1855:, founded in 1566, abandoned three months later
1753:The Presidio Santa Lucia, founded in 1565 near
1591:Presidio San Felipe de Gracia Real de Terrenate
6255:
6201:
6019:
5865:
1878:Presidio Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes
1779:, destroyed by the Tocobagas within ten months
1086:; but of these, it only retained Ceuta by the
861:The Presidio Malpaso, founded reconverting an
840:The Presidio de Fresnillo, founded in 1554 in
6910:
6640:
6469:
6445:
6062:
6053:
6010:
5734:
5530:
5521:
5437:
3554:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
3035:
2265:
2239:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1975.
1242:), 1573–1574 (protectorate from 1535 to 1569)
1014:European enclaves in North Africa before 1830
1002:city hall, that was the Presidio de Fresnillo
815:The Presidio Tlaltenango, founded in 1530 in
7029:
7010:
7001:
6992:
6581:
6556:
6532:
6493:
6484:
6436:
6422:
6393:
6364:
6355:
6331:
6292:
6097:
6078:
5996:
5945:
5936:
5892:
5883:
5874:
5811:
5797:
5788:
5671:
5648:
3229:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
2225:. Santa Fe, NM: Museum of New Mexico Press.
1686:Interior of the reconstructed chapel of the
822:The Presidio Xuchipilan, founded in 1530 in
376:Presidio de El Paso del Río Grande del Norte
5680:
5662:
5608:
5594:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5476:
2124:. University of Arizona Press. p. 29.
1968:, founded in 1721, near Lavaca Bay, now in
1101:) nor outposts gained after 1830 (e.g. the
5444:
5430:
3042:
3028:
2272:
2258:
2232:. Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1997.
2170:
2168:
2166:
2115:
2113:
2111:
391:Presidio de San Felipe y Santiago de Janos
185:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
56:) was a fortified base established by the
5348:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
2900:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
902:Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó
666:El Fuerte de la Isla, founded in 1817 in
599:The Presidio de León, founded in 1576 in
578:The Presidio de León, founded in 1576 in
490:Presidio San Antonio Bucareli de la Babia
476:Presidio San Juan Bautista del Río Grande
5353:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2905:Colonial universities in the Philippines
2281:Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture
2174:
2119:
1994:
1941:Presidio Fuerte de Santa Cruz del Cibolo
1891:
1525:
1420:
1017:
736:The Presidio Jalpan, founded in 1751 in
507:Presidio de Santa Catalina de Tepehuanes
175:Several fortresses formerly held by the
36:
4344:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
2163:
2108:
1880:, founded in 1721 near the present-day
1669:. Its rancho nacional was what became
1604:Presidio Real de San Carlos de Monterey
1582:, founded in 1776 near the present-day
1572:, founded in 1837 near the present-day
1562:, founded in 1775 near the present-day
719:with Spanish Royal Writ to protect the
404:(1686), was relocated to Janos in 1691.
91:were built to protect against raids by
14:
7354:
5297:
1654:. Its rancho del rey was what became
1635:, founded in 1776 and now part of the
785:Presidio de Santa Rosa de Corodéguachi
340:
5425:
5296:
5192:
5191:
4315:
4193:
3908:
3767:
3735:
3672:
3609:
3524:
3447:
3387:
3301:
3290:
3062:
3061:
3023:
2253:
1497:Presidio (Fort) de San Pedro (Iloilo)
431:Presidio de San Carlos de Cerro Gordo
422:(?–1710), located 20 km east of
44:, both Arab and Spanish fortification
3625:Captaincy General of the Philippines
3117:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
1637:Golden Gate National Recreation Area
555:Presidio de San Miguel de Cerrogordo
452:Presidio de San Fernando de Carrizal
409:Presidio de San Francisco de Conchos
382:. Later relocated south in 1773 to
313:The Presidio de las Bocas and later
248:Forte Filippo (Philip II Fortress),
191:. They were held by Spain until the
6836:Weapons Storage and Security System
5328:Indochristian painting in New Spain
3448:
2765:Baroque Churches of the Philippines
2120:Sheridan, Thomas E. (26 May 2016).
1951:, (between San Antonio and Goliad).
323:hacienda de Santa María de Gallardo
24:
7367:Spanish forts in the United States
5451:
4295:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
3768:
3049:
2994:California Churrigueresque Revival
1976:Presidio San Luis de las Amarillas
1054:in the 12th century (and again in
1032:and the completion of the Spanish
775:Presidio Santa Gertrudis del Altar
743:
25:
7378:
3525:
3388:
3269:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
1966:Presidio Nuestra Señora de Loreto
1915:
1288:), 1510–1530 then granted to the
931:Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo
768:former Hermosillo Townhall museum
689:Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo
518:Concepción del Pasaje de Cuencamé
315:Presidio de las Bocas de Gallardo
307:
292:rebellious raids from Indians in
7335:
7334:
5380:Criollos in the colonial society
5308:Spanish missions in the Americas
4430:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
2888:Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca
1906:Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada
1897:Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada
1694:
1679:
1560:Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate
1550:Presidio San Augustin del Tucson
1531:Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate
1516:
1454:, founded in 1609 in San Roque,
1396:
1377:
1363:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1302:
1132:, acquired from Portugal in 1668
991:
969:
954:
938:
922:
908:
893:
271:
256:
241:
5407:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
3291:
2780:Mendicant monasteries in Mexico
1665:, founded by Mexico in 1836 in
1452:Presidio de San Felipe (Cavite)
1429:by Rene Javellana, S. J. (1997)
1070:of 1270). During the period of
1007:
533:Presidio de San Pedro del Gallo
3736:
3459:Captaincy General of Guatemala
3167:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
2216:References and further reading
2138:
2099:
2090:
2064:
2038:
1648:Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara
1633:Presidio Real de San Francisco
1610:. It is currently housing the
1410:
933:reconverted into the town hall
544:Presidio de Santiago de Mapimí
13:
1:
6731:British "hedgehog" road block
5358:General Archive of the Indies
4619:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
4290:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
4275:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
3224:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
3177:War of the Spanish Succession
3142:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
2837:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
1956:Presidio San Antonio de Béxar
1887:
1791:Presidio Santa Maria de Galve
1757:, abandoned four months later
1596:
1540:Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac
681:
565:
332:. Today reconverted into the
321:. Today reconverted into the
294:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
193:War of the Spanish Succession
95:, rival colonial powers, and
4316:
3430:Captaincy General of Yucatan
3360:Union with Holy Roman Empire
3339:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
3254:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
1870:
1808:, captured by French in 1718
1507:Presidio de San Pedro (Cebu)
1099:Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña
1042:took their fight across the
809:
787:, founded in 1692, near the
699:
511:Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes
368:
304:, starting new settlements.
121:In western North America, a
7:
7141:Cities with defensive walls
6726:Defensive fighting position
6641:
6446:
6256:
6202:
6063:
6054:
6020:
6011:
5866:
4194:
3910:Administrative subdivisions
3107:War of the League of Cognac
2009:
1799:Naval Air Station Pensacola
1750:, abandoned after one month
1461:
1136:Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera
458:
352:Loreto, Baja California Sur
10:
7383:
4624:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
4609:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
4511:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
3673:
3409:), Western United States (
3302:
3172:Portuguese Restoration War
1840:
1709:
1622:Presidio Real de San Diego
1612:Defense Language Institute
1580:Presidio de San Bernardino
1521:
1478:
1414:
1278:), 1521–1523 and 1551–1560
1172:), 1505–1708 and 1732–1792
1138:, 1508–1522 and since 1564
1093:The Spanish North African
1011:
916:Presidio San José del Cabo
871:former hacienda de Malpaso
795:border and later moved to
639:
626:
616:Diego Fernández de Córdoba
499:
359:Presidio San José del Cabo
168:
153:
29:
7325:
7255:
7179:
7123:
7057:
6943:
6848:
6771:Hardened aircraft shelter
6746:Entry control point (ECP)
6658:
6569:
6285:
6278:
5710:
5459:
5392:Slavery in Spanish Empire
5303:
5292:
5198:
5187:
5085:
4979:
4972:
4857:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4679:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
4589:
4458:
4420:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
4382:
4326:
4322:
4311:
4280:Barcelona Trading Company
4247:
4204:
4200:
4189:
4093:
4045:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
4015:
3957:
3919:
3915:
3904:
3855:
3814:
3778:
3774:
3763:
3742:
3679:
3620:
3552:Venezuela, part of Guyana
3531:
3454:
3405:, Central United States (
3394:
3308:
3297:
3286:
3137:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
3122:Expulsion of the Moriscos
3068:
3057:
2986:
2918:
2850:
2829:
2806:Caribbean coast of Panama
2793:
2757:
2606:
2590:
2574:
2288:
1746:, founded in 1565 on the
1178:, 1509–1708 and 1732–1792
756:
715:, founded in 1566 by the
478:, founded around 1703 in
420:Presidio de San Bartolomé
402:Presidio de Casas Grandes
286:
137:
32:Presidio (disambiguation)
7268:Continuity of government
5333:Quito painting tradition
5323:Cusco painting tradition
4684:García López de Cárdenas
4674:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
4581:Felipe González de Ahedo
4501:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
3078:Conquest of the Americas
3004:Spanish Colonial Revival
2758:Churches and monasteries
2582:List of Spanish missions
2289:Notable historic centers
2031:
1933:
1793:, founded in 1696, near
1433:
803:San Miguel de Horcasitas
413:San Francisco de Conchos
164:
149:
7090:Motte-and-bailey castle
6796:Missile launch facility
6791:Main line of resistance
5486:
5118:Comuneros (New Granada)
4895:Balearic Islands (1558)
4614:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
4541:Ruy López de Villalobos
4496:Miguel López de Legazpi
4410:García de Toledo Osorio
3274:Western Sahara conflict
3264:Independence of Morocco
3204:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
3147:Piracy in the Caribbean
3132:French Wars of Religion
2506:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
2228:Javellana, Rene, S. J.
2221:Gerald, Rex E. (1968).
1860:San Pedro de Tacatacuru
1088:Treaty of Lisbon (1668)
1060:Frederick III of Sicily
849:Jerez de García Salinas
348:Real Presidio de Loreto
334:hacienda Ciénega Grande
189:Estado de los Presidios
7166:Military installations
7030:
7011:
7002:
6993:
6911:
6582:
6557:
6533:
6523:Scarp and Counterscarp
6494:
6485:
6470:
6437:
6423:
6394:
6365:
6356:
6332:
6293:
6098:
6079:
5997:
5946:
5937:
5893:
5884:
5875:
5812:
5798:
5789:
5735:
5694:
5681:
5672:
5663:
5649:
5609:
5595:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5477:
5363:Colonial Spanish Horse
5037:Colonia del Sacramento
4260:Spanish treasure fleet
3837:Royal Decree of Graces
2244:Historical Archaeology
2177:Historical Archaeology
2006:
1900:
1688:Santa Barbara Presidio
1534:
1430:
1118:San Miguel de Ultramar
1025:
618:, now the present-day
608:Hacienda San Cristóbal
482:, now the present-day
45:
7362:Architecture in Spain
6935:Floating water castle
6666:Admiralty scaffolding
5959:Fortified buildings (
4521:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
4481:Juan Sebastián Elcano
3796:Council of the Indies
3157:Spanish–Moro conflict
3127:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
3087:Treaty of Tordesillas
2987:Modern Revival styles
2501:San Miguel de Allende
1998:
1958:, founded in 1718 in
1925:, founded in 1566 on
1895:
1862:, founded in 1569 on
1775:, founded in 1567 on
1702:Presidio of San Diego
1650:, founded in 1782 in
1570:Presidio de Calabasas
1552:, founded in 1775 in
1542:, founded in 1752 in
1529:
1509:, founded in 1630 in
1499:, founded in 1616 in
1471:, founded in 1635 in
1443:, founded in 1593 in
1424:
1404:Red Castle of Tripoli
1066:in the 13th century (
1021:
777:, founded in 1755 in
691:, founded in 1626 in
610:, founded in 1614 in
573:San Miguel de Allende
492:, founded in 1774 in
470:Santa Rosa de Múzquiz
468:, founded in 1780 in
444:, founded in 1752 in
433:, founded in 1772 in
411:, founded in 1685 in
361:, founded in 1735 in
350:, founded in 1697 in
317:, founded in 1570 in
154:Further information:
112:Presidio de Calabasas
40:
7278:Subterranean warfare
6231:Viking ring fortress
5318:Mesoamerican Codices
5042:Comuneros (Paraguay)
4880:Siege of Castelnuovo
4466:Christopher Columbus
4285:Consulate of the Sea
4265:Casa de Contratación
3856:Titles and positions
3249:Spanish–American War
3239:Liberal constitution
3082:Asia and the Pacific
2851:Other building types
1949:Karnes County, Texas
1441:Presidio de Santiago
1023:Royal Walls of Ceuta
171:State of the Presidi
30:For other uses, see
7095:Quadrangular castle
6831:Weapon storage area
6187:Quadrangular castle
5047:Cartagena de Indias
4669:Diego de Mazariegos
4639:Pere Fages i Beleta
4506:Sebastián de Ocampo
3987:Provincias Internas
3959:Captaincies General
3873:Municipal president
3842:School of Salamanca
3613:Spanish East Indies
3592:Misiones Orientales
3464:Spanish West Indies
3428:, Central America (
3375:Pyrénées-Orientales
3328:Union with Portugal
3219:Napoleonic invasion
3199:War of Jenkins' Ear
3009:Territorial Revival
2326:Cartagena de Indias
2078:on February 2, 2009
1866:, abandoned in 1573
1768:, abandoned in 1569
1748:Indian River Lagoon
1626:Rancho de la Nación
1290:Knights Hospitaller
1044:Strait of Gibraltar
833:, destroyed by the
537:San Pedro del Gallo
341:Baja California Sur
209:Porto Santo Stefano
54:jail, fortification
6826:Underground hangar
6611:Fire control tower
6408:Gunpowder magazine
5836:Butter-churn tower
5343:Academia Antártica
5298:Other civil topics
4664:Pánfilo de Narváez
4566:Sebastián Vizcaíno
4531:Andrés de Urdaneta
4491:Juan Ponce de León
4476:Ferdinand Magellan
4450:Bernardo de Gálvez
4349:Indian auxiliaries
3847:Trial of residence
3827:Laws of the Indies
3611:Asia and Oceania (
3472:Dominican Republic
2919:Architecture types
2644:Dominican Republic
2591:Lists of buildings
2230:Fortress of Empire
2189:10.1007/BF03376651
2007:
1901:
1663:Presidio de Sonoma
1535:
1431:
1427:Fortress of Empire
1310:Vélez de la Gomera
1103:Chafarinas Islands
1026:
947:Hermosillo, Sonora
649:, founded in 1529.
509:(1620–1690s?), in
484:Guerrero, Coahuila
278:Governors Palace,
181:Philip II of Spain
156:La Frontera, Chile
108:Sonoma, California
104:Presidio de Sonoma
46:
7349:
7348:
7273:Military urbanism
7207:Fortified gateway
7080:Concentric castle
6844:
6843:
6761:Fire support base
6601:Coastal artillery
6476:(Spanish America)
6070:
5912:Concentric castle
5419:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5288:
5287:
5193:Spanish conquests
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5170:
4968:
4967:
4649:Pedro de Alvarado
4634:Gaspar de Portolà
4629:Pedro de Valdivia
4604:Francisco Pizarro
4556:Nicolás de Ovando
4551:Alonso de Ercilla
4526:Alonso de Salazar
4359:Ships of the line
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3731:
3730:
3688:Northern Africa (
3684:Equatorial Guinea
3668:
3667:
3605:
3604:
3520:
3519:
3443:
3442:
3434:Spanish Caribbean
3407:Spanish Louisiana
3383:
3382:
3318:Crown of Castille
3282:
3281:
3259:Spanish Civil War
3234:Adams–Onís Treaty
3214:Nootka Convention
3162:Thirty Years' War
3152:Eighty Years' War
3073:Catholic Monarchs
3063:Timeline–immersed
3017:
3016:
2958:Monterey Colonial
2868:Balconies of Lima
2830:Bridges and roads
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2516:Santiago de Chile
2301:Antigua Guatemala
2235:Moorhead, Max L.
2131:978-0-8165-3441-8
2000:Presidio La Bahía
1864:Cumberland Island
1827:Santa Rosa Island
1764:, capital of the
1656:Rancho San Julian
1486:Presidio de Lawis
1162:, briefly in 1534
1142:Alhucemas Islands
1080:Mazagão/El Jadida
1064:Kingdom of France
1052:Kingdom of Sicily
1040:Catholic Monarchs
805:, founded in 1749
797:Fronteras, Sonora
480:San Juan Bautista
363:San José del Cabo
177:Republic of Siena
16:(Redirected from
7374:
7338:
7337:
7331:
7222:National redoubt
7151:Fortified estate
7075:Circular rampart
7035:
7016:
7007:
6998:
6916:
6676:Anti-tank trench
6671:Air raid shelter
6646:
6606:Disappearing gun
6587:
6562:
6538:
6499:
6490:
6475:
6451:
6442:
6428:
6399:
6370:
6361:
6337:
6298:
6283:
6282:
6261:
6241:Bailey (or ward)
6207:
6112:Motte-and-bailey
6103:
6084:
6068:
6060:
6059:
6025:
6016:
6002:
5951:
5942:
5898:
5889:
5880:
5871:
5817:
5803:
5794:
5740:
5697:
5686:
5677:
5668:
5654:
5614:
5600:
5540:Circular rampart
5536:
5527:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5423:
5422:
5294:
5293:
5260:Chibchan Nations
5189:
5188:
5158:Santiago de Cuba
5017:Guadalupe Island
4977:
4976:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4659:Diego de Almagro
4536:Antonio de Ulloa
4440:Ambrosio Spinola
4435:Pedro de Zubiaur
4405:Alfonso d'Avalos
4395:Antonio de Leyva
4339:Army of Flanders
4324:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4202:
4201:
4191:
4190:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3776:
3775:
3765:
3764:
3733:
3732:
3706:Peñón of Algiers
3670:
3669:
3607:
3606:
3522:
3521:
3445:
3444:
3427:
3385:
3384:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3209:Seven Years' War
3182:Queen Anne's War
3059:
3058:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3021:
3020:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2575:Spanish missions
2521:Santiago de Cuba
2274:
2267:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2209:
2208:
2172:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2117:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2074:. Archived from
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2042:
1945:Cestohowa, Texas
1820:St. Joseph Point
1698:
1683:
1641:Rancho Buri Buri
1490:Madridejos, Cebu
1400:
1384:Spanish fort of
1381:
1367:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1306:
995:
986:
973:
958:
942:
926:
912:
897:
729:
721:Ruta de la Plata
707:San Juan del Río
676:
620:León, Guanajuato
435:Manuel Benavides
275:
260:
245:
130:
97:Native Americans
21:
7382:
7381:
7377:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7329:
7321:
7251:
7175:
7119:
7053:
6988:Imperial castle
6961:Coercion castle
6956:Coastal defence
6939:
6901:Promontory fort
6871:Hillside castle
6840:
6756:Fallout shelter
6721:Concertina wire
6701:Border security
6654:
6565:
6274:
5907:Coercion castle
5895:Cheval de frise
5877:Chemin de ronde
5725:Albarrana tower
5706:
5651:Schwedenschanze
5628:Promontory fort
5455:
5450:
5420:
5411:
5387:Old inquisition
5299:
5284:
5194:
5167:
5123:Trinidad (1797)
5093:La Noche Triste
5081:
5077:San Juan (1797)
5027:San Juan (1595)
4964:
4853:
4693:Notable battles
4688:
4654:Martín de Ursúa
4585:
4516:Alonso de Ojeda
4486:Juan de la Cosa
4471:Pinzón brothers
4454:
4425:John of Austria
4400:Martín de Goiti
4378:
4318:
4299:
4243:
4196:
4177:
4089:
4085:Terra Australis
4080:Río de la Plata
4025:Castilla de Oro
4011:
3953:
3949:Río de la Plata
3911:
3892:
3851:
3810:
3806:Santa Hermandad
3770:
3751:
3747:Terra Australis
3738:
3727:
3694:Spanish Morocco
3675:
3664:
3655:Northern Taiwan
3616:
3601:
3572:Río de la Plata
3527:
3516:
3450:
3449:Central America
3439:
3421:
3390:
3379:
3323:Crown of Aragon
3304:
3293:
3278:
3194:Bourbon Reforms
3064:
3053:
3048:
3018:
3013:
2999:Mission Revival
2982:
2936:Churrigueresque
2914:
2846:
2825:
2811:Coasts of Chile
2789:
2753:
2602:
2586:
2570:
2496:San Luis Potosí
2466:Saint Augustine
2284:
2278:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2173:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2118:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2021:Marqués de Rubí
2012:
1936:
1918:
1890:
1873:
1843:
1797:at present-day
1712:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1684:
1608:Rancho Nacional
1599:
1524:
1519:
1481:
1464:
1436:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1359:
1349:
1340:
1335:
1326:
1321:
1312:
1307:
1110:Mehdya, Morocco
1016:
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
980:
974:
965:
959:
950:
943:
934:
927:
918:
913:
904:
898:
837:Caxcan in 1533.
812:
759:
746:
744:San Luis Potosí
738:Jalpan de Serra
723:
702:
684:
670:
661:Lagos de Moreno
642:
629:
614:by the Viceroy
568:
557:(1648–1767) in
502:
494:Cuatro Ciénegas
461:
371:
343:
310:
289:
282:
276:
267:
261:
252:
246:
173:
167:
162:
152:
144:Fort San Miguel
140:
128:
42:Peñafiel Castle
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7380:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7343:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7307:
7305:Trench warfare
7302:
7300:Tunnel warfare
7297:
7296:
7295:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7183:
7181:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7156:Fortifications
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7127:
7125:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7008:
6999:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6973:
6968:
6966:Counter-castle
6963:
6958:
6953:
6951:Border barrier
6947:
6945:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6886:Lowland castle
6883:
6878:
6876:Hilltop castle
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6852:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6751:Electric fence
6748:
6743:
6741:Dragon's teeth
6738:
6736:Czech hedgehog
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6662:
6660:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6650:Wire obstacles
6647:
6638:
6636:Polygonal fort
6633:
6628:
6626:Martello tower
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6591:Border outpost
6588:
6579:
6573:
6571:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6491:
6482:
6477:
6467:
6465:Polygonal fort
6462:
6457:
6452:
6443:
6434:
6429:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6362:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6289:
6287:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6076:
6071:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6017:
6008:
6003:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5977:
5972:
5957:
5955:Flanking tower
5952:
5943:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5922:Counter-castle
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5890:
5881:
5872:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5809:
5804:
5795:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5712:Post-classical
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5702:Vitrified fort
5699:
5687:
5678:
5669:
5660:
5655:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5606:
5601:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5560:Defensive wall
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5528:
5519:
5510:
5501:
5492:
5483:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5453:Fortifications
5449:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5203:Canary Islands
5199:
5196:
5195:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:Túpac Amaru II
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5002:Bogotá savanna
4999:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4910:Spanish Armada
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:White Mountain
4801:
4799:Cape Celidonia
4796:
4794:English Armada
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4571:Juan Fernández
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:Diego Columbus
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4374:Army of Africa
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4354:Spanish Armada
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Manila galleon
4251:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3769:Administration
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3690:Western Sahara
3686:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3588:Banda Oriental
3569:
3555:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3403:Coastal Alaska
3395:
3392:
3391:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3054:
3051:Spanish Empire
3047:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2794:Fortifications
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2703:United States
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2162:
2137:
2130:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2063:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1916:South Carolina
1914:
1913:
1912:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1856:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1806:St. Joseph Bay
1802:
1795:Fort Barrancas
1787:
1780:
1769:
1758:
1755:Cape Canaveral
1751:
1740:
1729:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1659:
1644:
1629:
1618:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1448:
1435:
1432:
1415:Main article:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1388:Island on the
1383:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1351:Spanish fort (
1350:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1188:), 1510–1516;
1179:
1173:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1068:Eighth Crusade
1012:Main article:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
997:
990:
988:
978:Mezcala Island
975:
968:
966:
960:
953:
951:
944:
937:
935:
928:
921:
919:
914:
907:
905:
899:
892:
889:
888:
881:
874:
859:
852:
845:
838:
827:
820:
811:
808:
807:
806:
799:
781:
771:
758:
755:
754:
753:
745:
742:
741:
740:
734:
732:Pedro Escobedo
709:
701:
698:
697:
696:
683:
680:
679:
678:
668:Mezcala Island
664:
657:
650:
641:
638:
637:
636:
628:
625:
624:
623:
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
567:
564:
563:
562:
551:
540:
529:
514:
501:
498:
497:
496:
486:
472:
460:
457:
456:
455:
448:
438:
427:
416:
405:
398:
387:
380:El Paso, Texas
370:
367:
366:
365:
355:
342:
339:
338:
337:
326:
309:
308:Aguascalientes
306:
288:
285:
284:
283:
277:
270:
268:
263:Forte Stella,
262:
255:
253:
247:
240:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
169:Main article:
166:
163:
160:Army of Arauco
151:
148:
147:
146:
139:
136:
123:rancho del rey
58:Spanish Empire
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7379:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7342:
7341:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7310:Urban warfare
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7263:Civil defense
7261:
7260:
7258:
7254:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7178:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7131:Bastion forts
7129:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7116:
7115:Z-plan castle
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7085:L-plan castle
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7070:Bridge castle
7068:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7039:Refuge castle
7037:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7020:Military base
7018:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6983:Hunting lodge
6981:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6896:Moated castle
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6881:Island castle
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6849:By topography
6847:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6821:Submarine pen
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6776:Hesco bastion
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6691:Blast shelter
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6460:Place-of-arms
6458:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6094:
6093:Machicolation
6091:
6089:
6088:L-plan castle
6086:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6067:
6066:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5821:Bridge castle
5819:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5785:
5784:Bent entrance
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5769:Battery tower
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5720:Advanced work
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5647:
5645:
5644:Refuge castle
5642:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5447:
5442:
5440:
5435:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:Tapada limeña
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5295:
5291:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5197:
5190:
5186:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:Montes Claros
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:Vienna (1529)
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4599:Hernán Cortés
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4591:Conquistadors
4588:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4561:Juan de Ayala
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4415:Duke of Savoy
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4310:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4214:Dollar (Peso)
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4188:
4174:
4173:Santo Domingo
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:New Andalusia
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:Santo Domingo
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3921:Viceroyalties
3918:
3914:
3907:
3903:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3762:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3734:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3671:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:South America
3523:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3446:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3411:Spanish Texas
3408:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3389:North America
3386:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Franche-Comté
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Bahay na bato
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2821:Santo Domingo
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:Santo Domingo
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:San Francisco
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1927:Parris Island
1924:
1921:The Presidio
1920:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1858:The Presidio
1857:
1854:
1851:The Presidio
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:The Presidio
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:The Presidio
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:The Presidio
1741:
1738:
1735:near today's
1734:
1733:Fort Caroline
1730:
1727:
1726:Great Britain
1723:
1722:St. Augustine
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1671:Rancho Suscol
1668:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1652:Santa Barbara
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1586:(Gerald 1968)
1585:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1517:United States
1512:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1390:Lake of Tunis
1387:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1338:Mers El Kébir
1333:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:Mers El Kébir
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:Iberian Union
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1001:
994:
989:
984:
979:
972:
967:
964:
957:
952:
948:
941:
936:
932:
925:
920:
917:
911:
906:
903:
896:
891:
890:
886:
882:
879:
878:Chalchihuites
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:
853:
850:
846:
843:
839:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
818:
814:
813:
804:
801:The Presidio
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
780:
779:Altar, Sonora
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
760:
752:
751:Ciudad Valles
748:
747:
739:
735:
733:
727:
722:
718:
714:
711:The Presidio
710:
708:
704:
703:
694:
690:
686:
685:
674:
669:
665:
662:
658:
655:
651:
648:
645:The Presidio
644:
643:
635:
631:
630:
621:
617:
613:
612:San Cristóbal
609:
605:
602:
598:
595:
591:
588:
584:
581:
577:
574:
570:
569:
560:
559:Villa Hidalgo
556:
552:
549:
545:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:
524:northwest of
523:
519:
516:The Presidio
515:
512:
508:
504:
503:
495:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
462:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
436:
432:
428:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
406:
403:
399:
396:
393:(1691–?), in
392:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
364:
360:
356:
353:
349:
345:
344:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
281:
274:
269:
266:
259:
254:
251:
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:Porto Azzurro
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
172:
161:
157:
145:
142:
141:
135:
132:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:Mediterranean
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
33:
19:
7333:
7288:Siege engine
7256:Other topics
7180:Related word
7146:Defense line
7110:Tower castle
7065:Bastion fort
7049:Urban castle
6977:Ganerbenburg
6975:
6930:Water castle
6906:Ridge castle
6891:Marsh castle
6706:Bomb shelter
6686:Belgian gate
6659:20th century
6570:19th century
6508:Retrenchment
6480:Punji sticks
6471:
6389:Entrenchment
6384:Device Forts
6351:Counterguard
6286:Early modern
6216:Tower castle
6152:Powder tower
6127:Outer bailey
6039:Inner bailey
6013:Gulyay-gorod
5981:Ganerbenburg
5979:
5975:Fujian tulou
5917:Corner tower
5856:Chamber gate
5826:Bridge tower
5674:Trou de loup
5313:Architecture
5208:The Americas
5072:Newfoundland
5062:Túpac Katari
5052:Cuerno Verde
4987:Tenochtitlan
4819:Valenciennes
4576:Luis Fajardo
4445:Blas de Lezo
4390:Duke of Alba
4270:Spanish Road
4108:Buenos Aires
4017:Governorates
3786:Ayuntamiento
3779:Organization
3244:Carlist Wars
3092:Italian Wars
2963:Neoclassical
2800:
2785:Popocatépetl
2481:San Fernando
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2183:(3): 24–32.
2180:
2176:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2121:
2101:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2052:(in Spanish)
2049:
2040:
1899:, New Mexico
1845:
1844:
1737:Jacksonville
1714:
1713:
1704:, California
1426:
1353:Bordj Moussa
1352:
1285:
1275:
1268:), 1550–1553
1265:
1252:), 1537–1574
1249:
1239:
1232:), 1535–1574
1229:
1222:), 1535–1574
1219:
1212:), 1535–1540
1209:
1202:), 1510–1555
1199:
1185:
1169:
1156:, since 1497
1144:, since 1559
1120:), 1614–1681
1117:
1113:
1094:
1092:
1033:
1027:
1008:North Africa
870:
869:. Today the
862:
767:
766:. Today the
611:
535:(1683s), in
479:
333:
322:
314:
296:, mainly in
290:
280:Porto Ercole
265:Porto Ercole
250:Porto Ercole
204:Porto Ercole
188:
174:
126:
122:
120:
101:
78:
73:
69:
65:
53:
49:
47:
7187:Castle town
7044:Toll castle
7013:Lustschloss
6995:Kaiserpfalz
6925:Spur castle
6920:Rock castle
6861:Hill castle
6856:Cave castle
6816:Spider hole
6716:Bremer wall
6681:Barbed tape
6577:Barbed wire
6251:Witch tower
6221:Tower house
6211:Toll castle
6197:Shield wall
6117:Murder hole
6006:Guard tower
5623:Pincer gate
5570:Faussebraye
5280:Philippines
5245:El Salvador
4865:Capo d'Orso
4749:St. Quentin
4724:Rome (1527)
4383:Strategists
4133:Guadalajara
4060:New Navarre
4055:New Castile
4040:La Luisiana
3992:Puerto Rico
3982:Philippines
3939:New Granada
3629:Philippines
3590:(Uruguay),
3586:(Bolivia),
3536:New Granada
3476:Puerto Rico
3422: [
3292:Territories
3112:Encomiendas
2978:Territorial
2968:Renaissance
2816:Philippines
2699:Puerto Rico
2694:Philippines
2471:San Antonio
2446:Panamá City
2431:New Orleans
2416:Mexico City
2391:Los Ángeles
2306:Albuquerque
2155:12 February
2150:www.nps.gov
2056:October 28,
1960:San Antonio
1923:Santa Elena
1724:, ceded to
1501:Iloilo City
1411:Philippines
1371:La Goulette
1258:, 1550–1554
1226:La Goulette
1190:Peñón islet
1170:Mazalquivir
1150:, 1505–1533
1126:, 1610–1689
1035:Reconquista
1030:Granada War
981: [
885:Ojocaliente
865:in 1580 in
856:Ojocaliente
835:Tlaltenango
817:Tlaltenango
724: [
671: [
546:(1715), in
520:(1685), on
85:Philippines
7356:Categories
7212:Gatekeeper
7032:Ordensburg
7004:Landesburg
6811:Sentry gun
6766:Flak tower
6696:Blast wall
6616:Gun turret
6513:Sally port
6418:Kotta mara
6358:Couvreface
6322:Breastwork
6317:Blockhouse
6295:Abwurfdach
6246:Watchtower
6236:Wall tower
6192:Shell keep
6142:Portcullis
6137:Peel tower
6122:Neck ditch
6081:Landesburg
6029:Half tower
5987:Gate tower
5932:Drawbridge
5774:Battlement
5690:Wagon fort
5533:Chengqiang
4950:Somosierra
4940:Manila Bay
4814:Nördlingen
4754:Gravelines
4234:Columnario
4206:Currencies
4123:Concepción
4095:Audiencias
4070:New Toledo
4035:La Florida
3868:Corregidor
3832:Papal bull
3737:Antarctica
3645:Micronesia
3102:Golden Age
2941:Earthquake
2715:California
2634:Costa Rica
2607:Cathedrals
2441:Old Panamá
2366:Guanajuato
2351:Cuernavaca
2336:Cienfuegos
1910:Santa Cruz
1888:New Mexico
1597:California
1574:Tumacacori
1445:Intramuros
1296:until 1551
1192:until 1529
1084:Casablanca
1062:) and the
1028:After the
976:Presidio,
900:Presidio,
867:Villanueva
831:Nochistlán
764:Hermosillo
682:Nuevo León
587:Guanajuato
566:Guanajuato
302:Guanajuato
110:, and the
89:fortresses
70:protection
66:praesidium
7315:Guerrilla
7058:By design
6806:Revetment
6621:Land mine
6552:Star fort
6379:Crownwork
6374:Covertway
6307:Barricade
5948:Embrasure
5861:Chartaque
5791:Bergfried
5749:Arrowslit
5575:Gatehouse
5545:City gate
5506:Castellum
5472:Acropolis
5255:Nicaragua
5233:Guatemala
5143:Pichincha
5128:Chacabuco
5067:Pensacola
5012:Mataquito
4992:Cajamarca
4973:New World
4945:Trafalgar
4849:Alhucemas
4729:Landriano
4714:Comuneros
4700:Old World
4644:Joan Orpí
4364:Royalists
4138:Guatemala
4065:New Spain
4002:Venezuela
3977:Guatemala
3934:New Spain
3929:Columbian
3822:Exequatur
3722:Cape Juby
3576:Argentina
3399:New Spain
3333:Gibraltar
3097:Habsburgs
2858:Alhóndiga
2749:Venezuela
2729:Louisiana
2674:Nicaragua
2659:Guatemala
2614:Argentina
2566:Zamboanga
2561:Zacatecas
2476:San Diego
2246:38, 2004.
2205:160809833
2082:April 17,
1871:Louisiana
1834:Pensacola
1813:St. Marks
1777:Tampa Bay
1564:Tombstone
1533:, Arizona
1473:Zamboanga
1230:La Goleta
1114:La Mamora
1095:presidios
1000:Fresnillo
961:Presidio
842:Fresnillo
824:Juchipila
810:Zacatecas
700:Querétaro
522:Rio Nazas
369:Chihuahua
298:Zacatecas
229:Giannutri
224:Ansedonia
214:Orbetello
27:Fort type
18:Presidios
7340:Category
7330:See also
7217:Loophole
7105:Ringwork
7100:Ringfort
7025:Obstacle
6866:Hillfort
6786:Loophole
6584:Barbette
6559:Tenaille
6542:Sea fort
6472:Presidio
6432:Magazine
6413:Hornwork
6346:Cavalier
6341:Casemate
6334:Caponier
6177:Ringwork
6065:Detinets
6034:Hoarding
5939:Enceinte
5814:Bretèche
5759:Bartizan
5754:Barbican
5730:Alcazaba
5658:Stockade
5638:Ringfort
5618:Palisade
5590:Landwehr
5585:Hillfort
5265:Colombia
5250:Honduras
5163:Asomante
5148:Ayacucho
5138:Carabobo
5113:Curalaba
4890:Ceresole
4784:Gembloux
4744:Mühlberg
4459:Mariners
4317:Military
4239:Doubloon
4224:Maravedí
4168:Santiago
4075:Paraguay
3801:Germania
3641:Caroline
3596:Malvinas
3580:Paraguay
3540:Colombia
3482:Trinidad
3349:Sardinia
3189:Bourbons
2953:Chilotan
2883:Hacienda
2873:Bullring
2801:Presidio
2684:Paraguay
2664:Honduras
2629:Colombia
2551:Veracruz
2546:Trujillo
2511:Santa Fe
2491:San Juan
2321:Campeche
2311:Arequipa
2283:articles
2197:25617178
2010:See also
1990:Presidio
1882:Robeline
1784:Tequesta
1773:Tocobaga
1616:Monterey
1462:Mindanao
1447:, Manila
1256:Monastir
863:estancia
693:Cerralvo
526:Cuencamé
459:Coahuila
454:(1758–?)
384:Carrizal
330:Asientos
319:Asientos
219:Talamone
83:and the
68:meaning
50:presidio
7247:Vedette
7237:Schloss
7202:Festung
7197:Dungeon
7192:Château
7136:Castles
6944:By role
6801:Pillbox
6631:Outpost
6547:Station
6535:Schanze
6518:Sandbag
6503:Redoubt
6487:Ravelin
6455:Palanka
6439:Orillon
6425:Lunette
6367:Coupure
6312:Bastion
6302:Arsenal
6270:Zwinger
6182:Roundel
6172:Ricetto
6147:Postern
6132:Outwork
6056:Kremlin
5927:Curtain
5902:Citadel
5886:Chemise
5846:Caltrop
5764:Bastion
5737:Alcázar
5633:Rampart
5611:Oppidum
5604:Nuraghe
5550:Crannog
5524:Castros
5460:Ancient
5397:Asiento
5368:Mustang
5228:Yucatán
5223:Chiapas
5103:Tucapel
4935:Passaro
4885:Algiers
4875:Preveza
4844:Tetouan
4839:Vitoria
4829:Bitonto
4769:Antwerp
4764:Lepanto
4719:Bicocca
4195:Economy
4118:Charcas
4113:Caracas
4007:Yucatán
3878:Regidor
3863:Alcalde
3791:Cabildo
3698:Tripoli
3637:Mariana
3584:Charcas
3560:(Peru,
3544:Ecuador
3507:Bonaire
3502:Curazao
3487:Jamaica
3415:Florida
2946:Mexican
2926:Baroque
2895:Cabildo
2878:Convent
2842:Tayabas
2744:Uruguay
2722:Florida
2708:Arizona
2649:Ecuador
2619:Bolivia
2541:Tayabas
2451:Popayán
2426:Morelia
2406:Malolos
2361:Granada
1846:Source:
1841:Georgia
1715:Source:
1710:Florida
1584:Douglas
1522:Arizona
1479:Visayas
1324:Melilla
1294:held it
1286:Trípoli
1282:Tripoli
1220:Bizerta
1216:Bizerte
1182:Algiers
1160:Honaine
1154:Melilla
1124:Larache
1076:Tangier
998:Former
963:Ojuelos
945:Former
929:Former
793:Arizona
713:Maxcala
654:Ojuelos
640:Jalisco
634:Zimapán
627:Hidalgo
500:Durango
446:Jiménez
131:s ranch
116:Arizona
93:pirates
79:In the
74:defense
7242:Trench
7232:Picket
6643:Sangar
6596:Bunker
6528:Sconce
6448:Ostrog
6396:Flèche
6279:Modern
6258:Yagura
6226:Turret
6162:Reduit
6100:Merlon
6044:Kasbah
6022:Gusuku
5999:Glacis
5992:Gabion
5961:church
5868:Chashi
5851:Castle
5695:Laager
5683:Vallum
5640:(Rath)
5515:Castra
5497:Burgus
5467:Abatis
5375:Castas
5133:Boyacá
5108:Guiana
5098:Iguape
5022:Recife
4960:Mactan
4955:Annual
4920:Rocroi
4915:Leiden
4900:Djerba
4834:Bailén
4789:Ostend
4774:Azores
4369:Legión
4334:Tercio
4327:Armies
4229:Escudo
4158:Panamá
4153:Mexico
4148:Manila
4103:Bogotá
3888:Vecino
3883:Syndic
3714:Béjaïa
3674:Africa
3660:Tidore
3548:Panama
3512:Belize
3419:Mexico
3345:Sicily
3341:Naples
3303:Europe
2973:Rococo
2931:Andean
2775:Chiloé
2679:Panama
2669:Mexico
2598:Oldest
2456:Puebla
2436:Oaxaca
2421:Mompox
2411:Manila
2401:Malabo
2381:La Paz
2376:Iloílo
2371:Havana
2346:Cuenca
2316:Bogotá
2203:
2195:
2128:
2004:Goliad
1980:Menard
1970:Goliad
1766:Calusa
1667:Sonoma
1554:Tucson
1456:Cavite
1386:Chikly
1357:Béjaïa
1272:Djerba
1266:Mahdía
1262:Mahdia
1246:Sousse
1206:Annaba
1196:Béjaïa
1148:Cazaza
1058:under
1056:Djerba
1038:, the
789:Sonora
757:Sonora
594:Celaya
548:Mapimí
424:Parral
287:Mexico
197:Naples
138:Canada
7283:Siege
7227:Palas
7171:Walls
7161:Forts
7124:Lists
6971:Fence
6913:Rocca
6781:Kabal
6496:Redan
6403:Gorge
6327:Canal
6204:Shiro
6167:Ribat
6157:Qalat
5969:Dzong
5965:house
5665:Sudis
5597:Limes
5555:Ditch
5488:Broch
5479:Agger
5270:Chile
5238:Petén
5213:Aztec
5032:Bahia
5007:Penco
4997:Cusco
4925:Downs
4905:Tunis
4824:Ceuta
4809:Breda
4759:Malta
4739:Tunis
4734:Pavia
4248:Trade
4163:Quito
4128:Cusco
3967:Chile
3702:Tunis
3649:Palau
3566:Chile
3497:Aruba
3492:Haiti
3426:]
3355:Milan
3313:Spain
2910:Plaza
2770:Bohol
2736:Texas
2624:Chile
2556:Vigan
2531:Sucre
2461:Quito
2356:Cusco
2296:Agaña
2201:S2CID
2193:JSTOR
2032:Notes
1934:Texas
1908:, in
1853:Guale
1762:Calos
1614:, in
1544:Tubac
1434:Luzon
1355:) in
1276:Yerba
1240:Túnez
1236:Tunis
1200:Bugia
1186:Argel
1130:Ceuta
1048:Ceuta
985:]
728:]
717:Otomi
675:]
647:Jamay
395:Janos
165:Italy
150:Chile
129:'
114:, in
106:, at
64:word
62:Latin
7293:list
6711:Buoy
6265:Yett
6107:Moat
6074:Ksar
6049:Keep
5841:Caer
5831:Burh
5807:Boom
5800:Berm
5779:Bawn
5744:Amba
5580:Gord
5275:Inca
5218:Maya
5153:Guam
5086:Lost
4858:Lost
4779:Mons
4219:Real
4143:Lima
4030:Cuba
3972:Cuba
3944:Perú
3720:and
3718:Ifni
3710:Oran
3633:Guam
3562:Acre
3558:Peru
3468:Cuba
3347:and
2689:Peru
2654:Guam
2639:Cuba
2536:Taal
2396:Lima
2386:León
2341:Coro
2331:Cebú
2157:2024
2126:ISBN
2084:2011
2058:2017
1984:The
1974:The
1964:The
1954:The
1939:The
1904:The
1876:The
1789:The
1661:The
1646:The
1631:The
1620:The
1602:The
1589:The
1578:The
1568:The
1558:The
1548:The
1538:The
1511:Cebu
1505:The
1495:The
1484:The
1467:The
1450:The
1439:The
1292:who
1250:Susa
1210:Bona
1176:Oran
1105:).
1082:and
783:The
773:The
687:The
606:The
601:León
580:León
553:The
542:The
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429:The
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158:and
127:king
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4980:Won
4707:Won
3815:Law
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3432:),
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2185:doi
2050:RAE
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1488:in
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