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1108:. Upon election in accordance with the constitution, the president, before commencing his or her responsibility as president, presents himself or herself before the Federal Parliamentary Assembly and makes a declaration of loyalty to the Constitution and the people of Ethiopia in the following words:
1206:. The Counter Military Unit carries heavy assault rifles such as Israel-made Tavor-21 and American M-4's and long range snipers that can penetrate bullet proof glass. The Republican Guard also uses helicopters as well as armored vehicles.
1168:
to be valid. All the listed roles are autonomous powers of the president. The president represents the country in various delegations, meetings, and international platforms that may require the attendance of the
1185:
will immediately designate an acting president. With no longer than a week time the
Federal Parliamentary Assembly will convene by an extraordinary session to elect the successor and declare the new president.
1282:
1101:
nominate the candidate for president. Presidential tenure is not keyed to that of the
Federal Parliamentary Assembly to assure continuity in government and the nonpartisan character of the office.
1111:"I......., when on this date commence my responsibility as President of the Federal Democratic Republic, of Ethiopia, pledge to carry out faithfully the high responsibility entrusted to me."
596:
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If the president is unable to preside and exercise his or her duties because of illness, death, resignation, conviction or impeachment, the two chambers of the
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2413:
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of
Ethiopia. The president was also the chairman of the Council of State, which presided as a legislator during the Shengo off session. The president had a
2834:
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2267:
2737:
2510:
1027:
with the president as head of state and the prime minister as head of government. During the
Transitional Government of Ethiopia, the presidency had
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The president, upon recommendation by the prime minister, appoints ambassadors and other envoys to represent the country abroad.
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The 1995 Ethiopian
Constitution lays out the duties and powers of the president of the republic to include the following:
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1202:. The Republican Guard's Counter Military Unit is responsible for protecting the presidential palace commonly known as
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was head of state and de facto president of
Ethiopia. The first chairman of the Provisional Military Government was
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The role of head of state of
Ethiopia had evolved and changed through the political transformation of Ethiopia. The
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The term of office of the president is six years. As of 2021, there are no term limits for the president in the
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The president awards medals, prizes and gifts in accordance with conditions and procedures established by law.
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The
Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia explicitly vests executive power in the
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1998:
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1078:. However, the president presides as a ceremonial commander-in-chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces.
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powers, including appointing and dismissing the prime minister and the commander-in-chief of the
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821:
601:
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42:
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The president upon recommendation by the prime minister, grants high military titles and awards.
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The president proclaims in the
Negarit Gazeta laws and international agreements approved by the
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2018:
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The president, in accordance with conditions and procedures established by law, grants pardon.
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2008:
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1055:, which effectively made the presidency a ceremonial and apolitical head of state.
1035:. The only president who served during the Transitional Government of Ethiopia was
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The president receives the credentials of foreign ambassadors and special envoys.
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from 1987 to 1991. Following the flight into exile of
Mengistu Haile-Mariam,
470:
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220:
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1036:
943:
Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (PMGSE) â (1974â1987)
927:
was the head of state of Ethiopia prior the 1974 revolution. Following the
611:
2218:
Ethiopian heads of state (1974â1987) / Presidents of Ethiopia (since 1987)
1089:, who is also the first female president of Ethiopia, serving since 2018.
1006:
333:
477:. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the
446:
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2062:
1599:
1562:
1081:
The first president of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was
952:
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chairman of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
509:
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489:, who took office on 25 October 2018. Presidents are elected by the
31:
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1164:
The president's powers and duties need not be countersigned by the
1023:
was formed. The Transitional Government of Ethiopia was a de facto
474:
255:
1279:"The highest and lowest paid African presidents â Business Daily"
148:
1435:
1051:. The 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia transformed Ethiopia into a
1092:
1043:
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) â (1995âpresent)
1003:
served as the acting president of Ethiopia for only six days.
963:
People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) â (1987â1991)
2428:
2226:
1552:
1330:"Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa"
1049:
Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
979:(legislature), with no term limits. The presidency was the
948:
936:
928:
1047:
A draft of a new constitution was declared in 1995 as the
1085:, who served from 1995 to 2001. The current president is
1007:
Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) â (1991â1995)
975:. The president was elected to a five-year term by the
987:
power to rule by decree if necessary and was also the
2227:
Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
1019:
constitution. A new provisional constitution and the
995:. The only president under the 1987 Constitution was
949:
Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
957:
Chief of General Staff of the Ethiopian Armed forces
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1271:
935:, the role of head of state was fulfilled by the
3360:
1194:The president of Ethiopia is protected by the
211:
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1395:
1127:at the commencement of their annual sessions.
1123:The president opens the joint session of the
967:The presidency was officially created by the
899:
160:
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1093:Nominations and appointment of the president
190:
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2407:
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1015:in 28 May 1991 resulted in the end to the
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116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2290:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1017:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
973:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
2429:Heads of state and government of Africa
2337:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1244:List of heads of government of Ethiopia
1198:, which is a special armed unit of the
3361:
1327:
1304:
1302:
1300:
2402:
2190:
1409:
1383:
1311:"ICL > Ethiopia > Constitution"
1364:from the original on 9 December 2022
1309:LL.M., Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher.
1281:. Business Daily. 27 December 2020.
1216:2018 Ethiopian presidential election
1134:in accordance with the Constitution.
1114:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
2316:Transitional Government of Ethiopia
1334:Africa Center for Strategic Studies
1297:
1285:from the original on 8 October 2017
1021:Transitional Government of Ethiopia
939:as de facto president of Ethiopia.
13:
1209:
14:
3390:
1308:
1143:House of Peoples' Representatives
1132:House of Peoples' Representatives
646:House of Peoples' Representatives
19:For a list of officeholders, see
3057:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2830:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2738:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2511:Democratic Republic of the Congo
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2272:
2266:
2260:
1200:Ethiopian National Defense Force
508:
268:
254:
242:
30:
3379:1987 establishments in Ethiopia
1328:Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph.
41:needs additional citations for
1340:
1239:List of presidents of Ethiopia
1183:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
1125:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
1099:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
491:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
344:Federal Parliamentary Assembly
21:List of presidents of Ethiopia
1:
1264:
1176:
953:Lieutenant General Aman Andom
1232:List of emperors of Ethiopia
177:Pireezidaantiin Itiyoophiyaa
7:
1568:Federal Democratic Republic
1220:
1189:
1137:The president appoints the
784:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
485:. The current president is
212:
161:
10:
3395:
1254:Vice President of Ethiopia
1213:
918:
863:Inquiry Board (Tigray War)
428:Vice President of Ethiopia
282:since 25 October 2018
139:Name in national languages
18:
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1965:
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858:Reconciliation Commission
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16:Head of state of Ethiopia
2815:Central African Republic
2496:Central African Republic
1590:War in Somalia (2006â09)
1348:"FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA"
1259:
1106:Constitution of Ethiopia
1025:semi-presidential system
971:, which established the
747:Administrative divisions
3267:South African Republic
3116:Central African Empire
931:and abolishment of the
853:Human Rights Commission
602:Debretsion Gebremichael
364:The Emperor of Ethiopia
162:Ye-ÄȘtyĆáčáčyÄ pirÄzidanit
65:"President of Ethiopia"
3374:Government of Ethiopia
3369:Presidents of Ethiopia
1918:Industrial development
1832:National Defense Force
1573:EritreanâEthiopian War
1076:Ethiopian Armed Forces
1053:parliamentary republic
1033:Ethiopian Armed Forces
993:Ethiopian Armed Forces
933:monarchies of Ethiopia
800:Diplomatic missions of
227:
191:
176:
2975:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2835:Republic of the Congo
2656:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2516:Republic of the Congo
1612:Territorial evolution
1507:Italo-Ethiopian wars
997:Mengistu Haile-Mariam
664:Federal Supreme Court
467:president of Ethiopia
384:Mengistu Haile Mariam
192:Madaxweynaha Itoobiya
131:President of Ethiopia
3140:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2141:World Heritage Sites
2078:Water and sanitation
1503:Menelik's Expansions
1141:with the consent of
1060:Council of Ministers
947:The chairman of the
621:Council of Ministers
501:Politics of Ethiopia
479:Council of Ministers
294:Honourable President
228:Itiyoppiya Pirezdant
213:prezident Ătiyop'iya
50:improve this article
2760:Heads of government
1315:www.servat.unibe.ch
1227:Emperor of Ethiopia
1013:Ethiopian Civil War
1001:Tesfaye Gebre Kidan
925:emperor of Ethiopia
641:House of Federation
437:45,270 USD annually
3247:Orange Free State
1938:Telecommunications
1852:Army of the Empire
1533:Italian occupation
1488:EthiopianâAdal War
1446:Kingdom of Wolaita
1249:Rulers of Ethiopia
1072:commander-in-chief
989:commander-in-chief
929:1974 military coup
413:15 September 1974
409:10 September 1987
3356:
3355:
3200:Kingdom of Kongo
3073:
3072:
2850:Equatorial Guinea
2754:
2753:
2531:Equatorial Guinea
2396:
2395:
2335:President of the
2314:President of the
2288:President of the
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2048:Human trafficking
1961:
1960:
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1809:Foreign relations
1799:Political parties
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1583:2018 peace summit
1473:Solomonic dynasty
1115:Powers and duties
969:1987 Constitution
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915:
817:Visa requirements
777:Foreign relations
731:Political parties
683:Recent elections
463:
462:
297:(Within Ethiopia)
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3281:Governor-General
2768:UN member states
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1971:
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1847:Military history
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1548:1974 coup d'Ă©tat
1493:Gondarine period
1483:Kingdom of Kaffa
1451:Ethiopian Empire
1441:Kingdom of Aksum
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1196:Republican Guard
1087:Sahle-Work Zewde
1070:and the de jure
908:
901:
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790:Gedu Andargachew
560:Sahle-Work Zewde
512:
496:
495:
487:Sahle-Work Zewde
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370:Inaugural holder
278:Sahle-Work Zewde
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260:Flag of Ethiopia
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3271:State President
3251:State President
3227:Merina Kingdom
3086:Ashanti Empire
3080:and governments
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2058:Law enforcement
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1578:Border conflict
1498:Zemene Mesafint
1436:Kingdom of DÊżmt
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1068:chief executive
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1029:chief executive
1011:The end of the
1009:
985:chief executive
981:chief executive
977:National Shengo
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955:, who was also
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879:Other countries
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607:Demeke Mekonnen
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493:for six years.
481:chaired by the
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330:National Palace
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300:Madam President
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3336:Prime Minister
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3316:Prime Minister
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3221:Prime Minister
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3194:Prime Minister
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3184:Prime Minister
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3174:Prime Minister
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3100:Prime Minister
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3078:Defunct states
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2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2438:
2436:Heads of state
2432:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2285:
2284:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:Child marriage
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1777:Prime Minister
1774:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1687:
1685:
1683:Administrative
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1607:Historiography
1604:
1603:
1602:
1595:Civil conflict
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1339:
1320:
1296:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1219:
1214:Main article:
1211:
1208:
1204:Jubilee Palace
1191:
1188:
1178:
1175:
1166:prime minister
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1139:prime minister
1135:
1128:
1116:
1113:
1094:
1091:
1083:Negasso Gidada
1064:prime minister
1062:and names the
1044:
1041:
1008:
1005:
964:
961:
944:
941:
920:
917:
914:
913:
911:
910:
903:
896:
888:
885:
884:
882:
881:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
866:
865:
860:
855:
844:
842:Related topics
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
832:
825:
824:
819:
814:
807:
806:
795:
794:
793:
792:
780:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
761:
756:
750:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
734:
733:
728:
722:
720:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
703:
701:
699:
698:
693:
689:Presidential:
686:
680:
675:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
643:
637:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
609:
604:
594:
582:Prime Minister
578:
573:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
563:
562:
547:
546:
545:
534:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
505:
504:
499:
483:prime minister
461:
460:
449:.thepresidency
443:
439:
438:
435:
431:
430:
421:
417:
416:
407:
403:
402:
374:Negasso Gidada
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
327:
321:
320:
315:
311:
310:
306:Her Excellency
291:
285:
284:
274:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
251:
250:
247:
239:
238:
236:
235:
232:
231:
224:
217:
216:
203:
196:
195:
188:
181:
180:
173:
166:
165:
152:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3391:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:Zulu Kingdom
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:South Africa
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:Guinea-Bissau
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:Guinea-Bissau
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2448:member states
2446:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2389:Derg Chairman
2385:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Ethnic groups
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Manufacturing
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Ground Forces
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Zagwe dynasty
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1270:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1171:head of state
1167:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
960:
958:
954:
950:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
887:
886:
880:
877:
876:
874:
873:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
849:
846:
845:
839:
838:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
805:
801:
798:
797:
791:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
778:
773:
772:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
748:
743:
742:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
721:
714:
711:
709:
705:
704:
702:
697:
694:
692:
688:
687:
685:
684:
682:
681:
678:
673:
672:
665:
662:
661:
655:
654:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
635:
630:
629:
622:
619:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
587:
583:
580:
579:
576:
571:
570:
561:
558:
557:
555:
551:
548:
544:
541:
540:
539:
536:
535:
528:
525:
524:
520:
519:
516:
515:
511:
507:
506:
502:
498:
497:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:head of state
468:
458:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
422:
418:
408:
404:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
354:
352:
348:
345:
342:
338:
335:
331:
328:
326:
322:
319:
318:Head of State
316:
312:
307:
301:
295:
292:
290:
286:
279:
271:
264:
257:
252:
245:
240:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
156:ášáąá”áźá”á« ááŹááłáá”
153:
150:
146:
143:
142:
134:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: â
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3062:
3055:
3049:Other states
3000:South Africa
2990:Sierra Leone
2795:Burkina Faso
2743:
2736:
2730:Other states
2681:South Africa
2671:Sierra Leone
2545:
2476:Burkina Faso
2340:(since 1995)
2036:Human rights
1989:Demographics
1979:Architecture
1948:Trade unions
1764:
1748:Constitution
1538:World War II
1466:regnal lists
1366:. Retrieved
1354:
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48:Please help
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3170:The Gambia
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2895:Ivory Coast
2686:South Sudan
2576:Ivory Coast
2319:(1991â1995)
2293:(1987â1991)
2230:(1974â1987)
1923:Land reform
1913:Foreign aid
1885:Agriculture
1814:Foreign aid
1663:Earthquakes
1528:World War I
1431:Prehistoric
1289:11 November
830:Foreign aid
822:Visa policy
804:in Ethiopia
634:Legislature
351:Term length
334:Addis Ababa
3363:Categories
3064:Somaliland
2985:Seychelles
2950:Mozambique
2935:Mauritania
2920:Madagascar
2875:The Gambia
2810:Cape Verde
2745:Somaliland
2666:Seychelles
2631:Mozambique
2616:Mauritania
2601:Madagascar
2556:The Gambia
2491:Cape Verde
2362:Sahle-Work
2116:Literature
2019:Healthcare
1897:(currency)
1794:Parliament
1760:Government
1600:Tigray War
1563:Ogaden War
1543:Revolution
1265:References
1177:Succession
788:Minister:
592:Abiy Ahmed
529:Presidency
415:(De facto)
411:(De jure)
394:Aman Andom
303:(Informal)
76:newspapers
3332:Zimbabwe
3307:Zanzibar
3153:Ethiopia
2940:Mauritius
2621:Mauritius
2053:Languages
1994:Education
1953:Transport
1903:Companies
1842:Air Force
1804:Elections
1765:President
1696:Governors
1658:Volcanoes
1643:Mountains
1622:Geography
1558:Civil War
764:Districts
677:Elections
658:Judiciary
575:Executive
550:President
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406:Formation
360:Precursor
355:Six years
340:Appointer
325:Residence
275:Incumbent
3297:Tunisia
3237:Nigeria
3126:Dahomey
3106:Burundi
3040:Zimbabwe
3015:Tanzania
2865:Ethiopia
2860:Eswatini
2840:Djibouti
2805:Cameroon
2790:Botswana
2721:Zimbabwe
2696:Tanzania
2546:Ethiopia
2541:Eswatini
2521:Djibouti
2486:Cameroon
2471:Botswana
2300:Mengistu
2252:Mengistu
2242:Mengistu
2176:Category
2131:Religion
2068:Polygamy
2024:Maternal
1933:Taxation
1824:Military
1736:Politics
1415:articles
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1368:12 April
1359:Archived
1283:Archived
1221:See also
1190:Security
812:Passport
597:Deputies
475:Ethiopia
200:Tigrinya
3322:Zambia
3257:Rwanda
3231:Monarch
3217:Malawi
3204:Monarch
3157:Emperor
3145:Monarch
3120:Emperor
3090:Monarch
3025:Tunisia
2995:Somalia
2980:Senegal
2965:Nigeria
2955:Namibia
2945:Morocco
2910:Liberia
2905:Lesotho
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2825:Comoros
2800:Burundi
2775:Algeria
2706:Tunisia
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2661:Senegal
2646:Nigeria
2636:Namibia
2626:Morocco
2591:Liberia
2586:Lesotho
2536:Eritrea
2506:Comoros
2481:Burundi
2456:Algeria
2387:†
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2375:‡
2347:Negasso
2305:Tesfaye
2160:Outline
2106:Cuisine
2093:Culture
2029:Women's
2004:Famines
1967:Society
1943:Tourism
1873:Economy
1789:Council
1753:history
1708:Woredas
1691:Regions
1635:Geology
1511:1887â89
1456:Emperor
1423:History
1074:of the
991:of the
919:History
754:Regions
543:History
469:is the
442:Website
149:Amharic
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3311:Sultan
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2970:Rwanda
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2885:Guinea
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2606:Malawi
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2247:Tafari
2136:Sports
2063:People
2014:Health
1908:Energy
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1648:Rivers
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434:Salary
420:Deputy
248:Emblem
185:Somali
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2960:Niger
2915:Libya
2900:Kenya
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2845:Egypt
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2641:Niger
2596:Libya
2581:Kenya
2561:Ghana
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2326:Meles
2167:Index
2126:Music
2121:Media
2083:Women
1895:Birr
1890:Banks
1703:Zones
1673:Fauna
1668:Flora
1653:Lakes
1516:First
1362:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1260:Notes
759:Zones
399:PMGSE
289:Style
170:Oromo
97:JSTOR
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3346:King
3261:King
3209:list
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3110:King
3020:Togo
2930:Mali
2820:Chad
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2041:LGBT
2009:Flag
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1782:list
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1553:Derg
1461:list
1370:2023
1291:2019
1097:The
726:NEBE
713:2021
708:2015
696:2018
691:2013
586:List
554:List
465:The
455:/eng
451:.gov
389:PDRE
379:FDRE
314:Type
221:Afar
69:news
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