5739:
by plaintiffs themselves. Of the company's losses, two of the jury verdicts were reversed post-trial and others are being challenged on appeal. Wyeth also won five summary judgments on
Prempro cases and had 15 cases voluntarily dismissed by plaintiffs. The company won dismissals in another 3,000 cases. In 2006, Mary Daniel, in a trial in Philadelphia, was awarded $ 1.5 million in compensatory damages as well as undisclosed punitive damages. As of 2010, Wyeth had won the last four of five cases, most recently in Virginia, finding that they were not responsible for the breast cancer of plaintiff Georgia Torkie-Tork. Wyeth has been quoted as saying "many risk factors associated with breast cancer have been identified, but science cannot establish what role any particular risk factor or combination play in any individual woman's breast cancer." Wyeth's counsel in the case also noted that in the WHI trial, 99.62% of women took the drug and "did not get breast cancer".
4554:
4616:
10 mg CEEs, which contains about 4.5 mg sodium estrone sulfate and 2.5 mg sodium equilin sulfate, produces maximal plasma concentrations of estrone and equilin of 1,400 pg/mL and 560 pg/mL within three and five hours, respectively. By 24 hours post-dose of 10 mg, the levels of estrone and equilin fall to 280 pg/mL and 125 pg/mL, respectively. Oral CEEs 1.25 mg/daily and oral micronized estradiol 1 mg/daily result in similar plasma concentrations of estrone and estradiol (150β300 pg/mL and 30β50 pg/mL for micronized estradiol, respectively) (oral estradiol is extensively metabolized into estrone during
5395:
7857:
was able to show that 90% of the folliculin taken up in the blood of the vena portae is inactivated in the liver. Neither KAUFMANN (1933, 1935), RAUSCHER (1939, 1942) nor HERRNBERGER (1941) succeeded in bringing a castration endometrium into proliferation using large doses of orally administered preparations of estrone or estradiol. Other results are reported by NEUSTAEDTER (1939), LAUTERWEIN (1940) and FERIN (1941); they succeeded in converting an atrophic castration endometrium into an unambiguous proliferation mucosa with 120β300 oestradiol or with 380 oestrone.
571:
548:
2716:
5485:
68:
53:
2697:
5539:
for
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) submissions of generic versions. In 1984 an NIH consensus panel found that estrogens were effective for preventing osteoporosis and 1986 the FDA announced in the Federal Register that Premarin was effective for preventing osteoporosis. This announcement led to a rapid growth in sales, and interest from generic manufacturers to introduce generic versions.
13239:
8602:
Forever," can be considered a kind of historical landmark...Within a decade of the book's publication, Premarin β a mix of estrogens derived from the urine of pregnant horses β was the fifth-most-prescribed drug in the United States. (Decades later, it was revealed that Wilson received funding from the pharmaceutical company that sold
Premarin.)
7856:
There is no doubt that the conversion of the endometrium with injections of both synthetic and native estrogenic hormone preparations succeeds, but the opinion whether native, orally administered preparations can produce a proliferation mucosa changes with different authors. PEDERSEN-BJERGAARD (1939)
5738:
This drug has been the subject of litigation; more than 13,000 people have sued Wyeth between 2002 and 2009. Wyeth and
Pharmacia & Upjohn prevailed in the vast majority of hormone therapy cases previously set for trial through a combination of rulings by judges, verdicts by juries, and dismissals
5538:
the FDA had its efficacy reviewed, and in 1972 found it effective for menopausal symptoms and probably effective for osteoporosis. The review also determined that two estrogens β estrone sulfate and equilin sulfate β were primarily responsible for the activity of
Premarin, and it laid the groundwork
8601:
Every woman has the right β indeed the duty β to counteract the chemical castration that befalls her during her middle years," the gynecologist Robert Wilson wrote in 1966. The U.S. Food and Drug
Administration approved the first hormone-therapy drug in 1942, but Wilson's blockbuster book, "Feminine
4615:
Oral CEEs, at a daily dosage of 0.625 mg, achieve estrone and estradiol levels of 150 pg/mL and 30β50 pg/mL, respectively, while a daily oral dosage of 1.25 mg achieves levels of 120β200 pg/mL and 40β60 pg/mL of estrone and estradiol, respectively. The oral ingestion of
1526:
4630:
Eoncentrations of equilin that are very high relative to those of other estrogens are produced by typical clinical doses of CEEs. With a dosage of 1.25 mg oral CEEs, equilin levels of 1,082 to 2,465 pg/mL have been observed. The clinical significance of these levels of equilin is unknown.
5518:
women and sold under the brand names
Progynon and Emmenin in the 1930s, was the predecessor of Premarin. Both of these products contained conjugated estrogens similarly to Premarin, but the estrogens were human estrogens as opposed to equine estrogens and the composition differed. The major active
1385:(25 mg/vial). Synthetic CEEs, such as Cenestin (Synthetic A), Enjuvia (Synthetic B), and generic formulations, are available in the form of oral tablets (0.3 mg, 0.45 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.9 mg, or 1.25 mg) and creams for topical or vaginal administration (0.625 mg/g).
5754:
involved. Animal activists have made claims of abuses ranging from inadequate stall size, long periods of confinement, cumbersome urine collection, and continuous breeding cycles. After reaching advanced age, many of the mares are adopted for recreation use, while some are sent to feed lots for
4569:
inhibition in women found that oral CEEs was 33% effective at 1.25 mg/day and 94% at 3.75 mg/day. A dosage of oral CEEs of 2.5 mg three times daily (7.5 mg/day total) has been found to suppress total testosterone levels in men to an equivalent extent as 3 mg/day oral
2232:
1519:
4667:
5635:
CEEs are marketed under a large number of brand names throughout the world. The major brand name of the natural form of CEEs manufactured from the urine of pregnant mares is
Premarin. Major brand names of fully synthetic versions of CEEs include Cenestin and Enjuvia in the
1512:
2225:
9110:
Egarter C, Geurts P, Boschitsch E, Speiser P, Huber J (April 1996). "The effects of estradiol valerate plus medroxyprogesterone acetate and conjugated estrogens plus medrogestone on climacteric symptoms and metabolic variables in perimenopausal women".
7314:
Nachtigall LE, Raju U, Banerjee S, Wan L, Levitz M (2000). "Serum estradiol-binding profiles in postmenopausal women undergoing three common estrogen replacement therapies: associations with sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, and estrone levels".
2218:
4660:
4653:
2913:
A dosage of 0.625 mg/day oral CEEs has been found to increase SHBG levels by 100%. For comparison, 1 mg/day oral estradiol increased SHBG levels by 45%, while 50 ΞΌg/day transdermal estradiol increased SHBG levels by 12%.
2940:
8301:
Honjo H, Kitawaki J, Itoh M, Yasuda J, Iwasaku K, Urabe M, et al. (1987). "Serum and urinary estrone sulfate during the menstrual cycle, measured by a direct radioimmunoassay, and fate of exogenously injected estrone sulfate".
7100:
Roach RE, Lijfering WM, Helmerhorst FM, Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, van
Hylckama Vlieg A (January 2013). "The risk of venous thrombosis in women over 50 years old using oral contraception or postmenopausal hormone therapy".
6428:
Holtorf K (January 2009). "The bioidentical hormone debate: are bioidentical hormones (estradiol, estriol, and progesterone) safer or more efficacious than commonly used synthetic versions in hormone replacement therapy?".
4963:
8377:
Bhavnani BR, Tam SP, Lu X (October 2008). "Structure activity relationships and differential interactions and functional activity of various equine estrogens mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs) ERalpha and ERbeta".
2933:
2918:
is more potent in its effects on liver protein synthesis than either CEEs or estradiol, with 10 ΞΌg/day oral ethinylestradiol having been found to be approximately equivalent to 1.25 mg/day CEEs.
9462:
Mattison DR, Karyakina N, Goodman M, LaKind JS (September 2014). "Pharmaco- and toxicokinetics of selected exogenous and endogenous estrogens: a review of the data and identification of knowledge gaps".
2926:
8891:
9351:
Lamba G, Kaur H, Adapa S, Shah D, Malhotra BK, Rafiyath SM, et al. (June 2013). "Use of conjugated estrogens in life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding in hemodialysis patients--a review".
964:
4956:
8615:"ChemIDplus - 12126-59-9 - QTTMOCOWZLSYSV-QWAPEVOJSA-M - Estrogens, conjugated [USP:JAN] - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information"
1454:. Only a few clinical studies have assessed differences between oral CEEs and oral estradiol in terms of health parameters. Oral CEEs have been found to possess a significantly greater risk of
9227:
Bhavnani BR (June 2003). "Estrogens and menopause: pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens and their potential role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as
Alzheimer's".
5690:
CEEs are marketed and available widely throughout the world. This includes in all English-speaking countries, throughout the European Union, Latin America, Asia, and elsewhere in the world.
8849:"Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: results from the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trial"
4949:
10970:
10965:
5381:
6879:
774:. Compared to estradiol, certain estrogens in CEEs are more resistant to metabolism, and the medication shows relatively increased effects in certain parts of the body like the
4623:), although this does not account for equilin and other equine estrogens involved in the effects of CEEs, which may be significantly more potent in comparison to estrone. The
4022:
12851:
8793:
McDonald TW, Annegers JF, O'Fallon WM, Dockerty MB, Malkasian GD, Kurland LT (March 1977). "Exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma: case-control and incidence study".
957:
1317:= No longer used or recommended, due to health concerns. = As a single patch applied once or twice per week (worn for 3β4 days or 7 days), depending on the formulation.
6152:
804:
for menopausal hormone therapy. CEEs are available widely throughout the world. An estrogen preparation very similar to CEEs but differing in source and composition is
8628:
Alexander IM (2012). "The history of hormone therapy use and recent controversy related to heart disease and breast cancer arising from prevention trial outcomes".
13083:
12423:
950:
8215:
The Climacteric in Perspective: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on the Menopause, held at Lake Buena Vista, Florida, October 28βNovember 2, 1984
10902:
9910:
8898:
8075:
5374:
4574:, which is the minimum dosage of diethylstilbestrol required to consistently suppress total testosterone levels into the castrate range (<50 ng/dL).
3399:
205:
7830:
Kottmeier HL (1947). "Ueber blutungen in der menopause: Speziell der klinischen bedeutung eines endometriums mit zeichen hormonaler beeinflussung: Part I".
7228:
Cline JM (April 2007). "Assessing the mammary gland of nonhuman primates: effects of endogenous hormones and exogenous hormonal agents and growth factors".
793:. It is the most commonly used form of estrogen in menopausal hormone therapy in the United States. However, it has begun to fall out of favor relative to
7980:
Shearer RJ, Hendry WF, Sommerville IF, Fergusson JD (December 1973). "Plasma testosterone: an accurate monitor of hormone treatment in prostatic cancer".
7065:
Lekovic D, Miljic P, Dmitrovic A, Thachil J (May 2017). "How do you decide on hormone replacement therapy in women with risk of venous thromboembolism?".
4015:
12998:
6153:
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2007).
9507:
4612:
also during the first pass. Following this, they serve as a circulating reservoir and are slowly rehydrolyzed into their unconjugated active forms.
12764:
5685:
5367:
2388:
1337:
10955:
12815:
12807:
7896:
Martinez-Manautou J, Rudel HW (1966). "Antiovulatory Activity of Several Synthetic and Natural Estrogens". In Robert Benjamin Greenblatt (ed.).
12390:
8955:
13150:
13145:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12503:
6126:
Pharmacology for Pharmacy Technicians Pageburst E-Book on VitalSource2: Pharmacology for Pharmacy Technicians Pageburst E-Book on VitalSource
4008:
145:
8143:
Fotherby K (August 1996). "Bioavailability of orally administered sex steroids used in oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy".
7947:
13109:
13029:
12826:
12128:
11912:
6342:
L'Hermite M (August 2017). "Bioidentical menopausal hormone therapy: registered hormones (non-oral estradiol Β± progesterone) are optimal".
11615:
6180:
Pickar JH, Archer DF, Kagan R, Pinkerton JV, Taylor HS (August 2017). "Safety and benefit considerations for menopausal hormone therapy".
5526:
Estrone sulfate was first isolated from the urine of pregnant mares in the late 1930s by researchers in the Department of Biochemistry at
5489:
This diagram illustrates the chemical structures of the active/unconjugated forms of the equine estrogens present in conjugated estrogens.
12901:
12896:
12668:
12593:
5534:
and other symptoms of menopause; at that time, Wyeth Ayerst only had to prove its safety, and not its efficacy. In response to the 1962
6889:
13304:
12876:
12871:
12718:
12713:
11065:
10895:
10864:
10446:
9388:
Mirkin S, Komm BS, Pickar JH (January 2014). "Conjugated estrogens for the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a review of safety data".
8923:
8704:
Smith AL, Wein AJ (December 2010). "Estrogen replacement therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal genitourinary tract dysfunction".
8518:
5750:
groups claim that animal husbandry and urine collection methods used in the production of CEEs cause undue stress and suffering to the
6040:
13211:
13044:
13039:
12723:
12558:
12513:
11862:
9903:
4557:
Testosterone levels with no treatment and with various estrogens in men with prostate cancer. Determinations were made with an early
3392:
4553:
12881:
12789:
12784:
12774:
12688:
12613:
11625:
8015:
Martinez-Manautou J, Rudel HW (1966). "Antiovulatory Activity of Several Synthetic and Natural Estrogens". In Greenblatt RB (ed.).
8734:
The AARP Guide to Pills: Essential Information on More Than 1,200 Prescription and Nonprescription Medications, Including Generics
6967:"Lower risk of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women taking oral estradiol compared with oral conjugated equine estrogens"
5726:, and breast cancer. Following these results, Wyeth experienced a significant decline in its sales of Premarin, Prempro (CEEs and
12728:
9598:
8847:
Brunner RL, Gass M, Aragaki A, Hays J, Granek I, Woods N, et al. (Womens Health Initiative Investigators) (September 2005).
1345:
581:
13284:
13269:
12404:
10437:
9425:
Bhavnani BR, Stanczyk FZ (July 2014). "Pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens: efficacy, safety and mechanism of action".
6271:
Bhavnani BR, Stanczyk FZ (July 2014). "Pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens: efficacy, safety and mechanism of action".
2886:
and then of 17Ξ²-dihydroequilin. As such, the major active estrogens with CEEs are estradiol and 17Ξ²-dihydroequilin, which have
9148:
Bhavnani BR (January 1998). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conjugated equine estrogens: chemistry and metabolism".
8266:
Punnonen R, Vilska S, GrΓΆnroos M, Rauramo L (December 1980). "The vaginal absorption of oestrogens in post-menopausal women".
5676:
which is used in South Africa. Many of the aforementioned brand names are also used in other, non-English-speaking countries.
2172:
recipients, which were about half of patients. "Global index" is defined for each woman as the time to earliest diagnosis for
13206:
10888:
10854:
10821:
9651:
9508:
WHI Follow-up Study Confirms Health Risks of Long-Term Combination Hormone Therapy Outweigh Benefits for Postmenopausal Women
8742:
8557:
8424:
8250:
8223:
8196:
8059:
8026:
7930:
7880:
7652:
7549:
7522:
7485:
7458:
7431:
7209:
7182:
7155:
6863:
6836:
6792:
6736:
6709:
6675:
6665:
6560:
6533:
6385:
Simon JA (July 2014). "What if the Women's Health Initiative had used transdermal estradiol and oral progesterone instead?".
6326:
6164:
6134:
6104:
6052:
2822:
2316:
13201:
11697:
11175:
10859:
10260:
9896:
7393:
Lauritzen C (June 1977). "" [Estrogen therapy in practice. 3. Estrogen preparations and combination preparations].
3385:
2576:
12935:
9535:
8577:
2598:
7760:
Ryden AB (1950). "Natural and synthetic oestrogenic substances; their relative effectiveness when administered orally".
2767:
13324:
11160:
11155:
4646:
of estrone was 26.7 hours, of baseline-adjusted estrone was 14.8 hours, and of equilin was 11.4 hours.
13319:
11208:
10646:
9975:
9776:
9603:
9293:
Kuhl H (August 2005). "Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration".
5838:
Kuhl H (August 2005). "Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration".
1349:
860:
in men. It has been used at a dosage of 2.5 mg three times per day (7.5 mg/day total) for prostate cancer.
11224:
10838:
10650:
9987:
8758:
Ziel HK, Finkle WD (December 1975). "Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens".
11779:
11345:
10292:
10061:
9073:
O'Connell MB (September 1995). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products".
12359:
5561:
4117:
3775:
2526:
2516:
2398:
1341:
235:
11419:
11387:
10137:
10113:
9206:
Campagnoli C, Ambroggio S, Biglia N, Sismondi P (December 1999). "Conjugated estrogens and breast cancer risk".
778:. This results in an increased risk of blood clots and cardiovascular problems with CEEs relative to estradiol.
11610:
10371:
8535:
Conjugated Estrogens - Letter from Dr. Janet Woodcock: Approvability of a Synthetic Generic Version of Premarin
1394:
940:
836:, and burning, itching, and dryness of the vagina and surrounding areas. It must be used in combination with a
75:, the second most major active component in conjugated estrogens (constitutes about 20 to 30% of total content)
2862:
of equine estrogens in a specific and consistent composition (see the table). The major estrogens in CEEs are
2817:
compared to estradiol, although to a lesser extent than ethinylestradiol and diethylstilbestrol. In addition,
110:
13299:
9573:
9568:
5707:
4601:
4583:
2691:
2590:
2566:
2536:
1438:
of the legs. While there are some contradictory data, estrogen alone does not appear to increase the risk of
8534:
6965:
Smith NL, Blondon M, Wiggins KL, Harrington LB, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Floyd JS, et al. (January 2014).
5170:
13309:
13196:
11510:
10755:
10388:
10142:
9872:
9666:
8564:
Premarin (Pregnant Mares Urine) was introduced in Canada in 1941, in the USA in 1942 and in the UK in 1956.
7272:"Clinical opinion: the biologic and pharmacologic principles of estrogen therapy for symptomatic menopause"
6884:
5957:"PREMARIN- estrogens, conjugated tablet, film coated Wyeth Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc"
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918:
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638:
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57:
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516:
13216:
11458:
10869:
10759:
9741:
9646:
9588:
5913:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
5727:
5645:
5644:. CEEs are also formulated in combination with progestins. Major brand names of CEEs in combination with
4639:
2138:
1567:
1502:
1451:
821:
669:
527:
7216:
Conjugated estrogens are absorbed with peak levels at 4 hours and a half-life of approximately 12 hours.
2898:
have low estrogenicity and are thought to contribute minimally to its effects. There are many different
13259:
13229:
11463:
10159:
9761:
9636:
9613:
9593:
5595:
2556:
2444:
2271:
715:
615:
8848:
6779:. Developments in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 309β332.
5755:
slaughter. Despite the controversy, the USDA called the CEEs HRT industry a model of self-regulation.
2636:
1535:
Results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) menopausal hormone therapy randomized controlled trials
808:. In 2020, it was the 283rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1
12518:
12428:
11650:
9971:
5912:
5535:
5247:
4979:
2983:
2778:
of estrogenic activity. On the other hand, the active forms of the equine estrogens in CEEs, such as
2605:
2077:
903:
739:
60:, the primary active component in conjugated estrogens (constitutes about 50 to 70% of total content)
8479:
2608:
was not included, but is known to be associated with no additional risk relative to estrogen alone.
13079:
12841:
12754:
12379:
12072:
11605:
11600:
11500:
10166:
9746:
9716:
9661:
7565:
Lauritzen CH (January 1976). "The female climacteric syndrome: significance, problems, treatment".
6728:
Textbook of Prostate Cancer: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment
6701:
Estrogens and Antiestrogens II: Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Estrogens and Antiestrogen
5290:
5024:
4088:
2910:, but only the estrogens are present in sufficient amounts to produce clinically-relevant effects.
2890:
estrogenic activity and account for most of the effects of CEEs. The 17Ξ±-estrogens in CEEs such as
2825:(SERM)-like profile of estrogenic activity in studies with monkeys, in which beneficial effects on
2814:
2613:
2472:
2350:
2326:
1553:
911:
543:
17:
8970:"Legal Intelligencer: Philadelphia jury returns defense verdict in HRT case, Amaris Elliott Engel"
13314:
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12367:
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11827:
11355:
11125:
10826:
10331:
10309:
10093:
10089:
9826:
9736:
9528:
6156:
Combined Estrogen-progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-progestogen Menopausal Therapy
5714:
of menopausal HRT showed that long-term use of estrogen and a progestin may increase the risk of
5340:
4137:
3357:
All listed compounds are present in conjugated estrogen products specifically in the form of the
1382:
899:
723:
693:
664:
replications of the natural preparations. They are formulated both alone and in combination with
186:
163:
127:
11165:
11140:
11080:
11075:
5459:
5452:
4532:. Liver = Ratio of liver estrogenic effects to general/systemic estrogenic effects (hot flashes/
3298:
3242:
2818:
12335:
11887:
11367:
11292:
11287:
11240:
10326:
10103:
10056:
9816:
9806:
9711:
9696:
9641:
9563:
7795:
Ryden AB (1951). "The effectiveness of natural and synthetic oestrogenic substances in women".
7014:
Smith NL, Heckbert SR, Lemaitre RN, Reiner AP, Lumley T, Weiss NS, et al. (October 2004).
6223:
Scarabin PY (December 2014). "Hormones and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women".
5604:
5410:
5312:
5038:
5016:
4803:
4798:
4144:
3477:
3452:
3270:
2963:
2887:
2879:
2867:
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2747:
2700:
2506:
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2482:
2468:
2449:
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2281:
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1749:
1665:
1489:
1485:
1439:
1407:
1370:
1362:
1298:
1234:
1193:
1188:
1172:
1151:
1130:
999:
848:, although it is not recommended solely for this use. Some lesser known uses are as a means of
797:
747:
685:
681:
283:
178:
11095:
8732:
8547:
8414:
8342:
Hammond CB, Maxson WS (January 1982). "Current status of estrogen therapy for the menopause".
8240:
8213:
8186:
7870:
7539:
7502:
7475:
7199:
6853:
6826:
6772:
6726:
6699:
6550:
6523:
6154:
6124:
6094:
155:
12608:
12433:
12371:
11897:
11441:
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10743:
10127:
10121:
10051:
10021:
9931:
9919:
9852:
9731:
9583:
8944:
Feeley J (24 February 2010). "Pfizer wins trial over claim Prempro caused cancer". Bloomberg.
8042:
Herr F, Revesz C, Manson AJ, Jewell JB (1970). "Biological Properties of Estrogen Sulfates".
7913:
Herr F, Revesz C, Manson AJ, Jewell JB (1970). "Biological Properties of Estrogen Sulfates".
7448:
7421:
7145:
5527:
5473:
4886:
4620:
2870:, which together account for approximately 71.5β92.0% of the total content of CEEs. CEEs are
2735:
2240:
Risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with hormone therapy and birth control (QResearch/CPRD)
1580:
1549:
1378:
689:
611:
496:
198:
182:
115:
103:
91:
11170:
11145:
11120:
11105:
11040:
10980:
10975:
8927:
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7172:
5672:
which is used in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Prempak N is a combination of CEEs and
5438:
5431:
5352:
5328:
5126:
3214:
3102:
2895:
2783:
2719:
436:
12028:
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9847:
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9691:
9686:
6497:
5403:
5316:
5082:
5060:
4643:
4218:
4181:
3825:
3552:
3326:
3046:
2875:
2755:
2374:
1472:
1290:
1209:
1093:
1061:
805:
456:
371:
326:
318:
35:
11110:
10985:
10960:
8829:
7600:
Lauritzen C (1975). "The Female Climacteric Syndrome: Significance, Problems, Treatment".
8:
13089:
13004:
12068:
11852:
11709:
11675:
11485:
11185:
10803:
10747:
10671:
10565:
10397:
10077:
10073:
10006:
9791:
9766:
9756:
9706:
9681:
9676:
9671:
8514:
National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. 2β4 April 1984
5730:), and related products, from over $ 2 billion in 2002 to just over $ 1 billion in 2006.
5520:
5010:
4718:
4597:
4500:
4078:
2511:
2276:
2258:
2158:
2025:
1999:
1643:
1612:
1355:
1258:
994:
673:
654:
570:
547:
362:
289:
170:
11100:
7016:"Esterified estrogens and conjugated equine estrogens and the risk of venous thrombosis"
5648:
include Prempro and Premphase in the United States, Premplus in Canada, Premique in the
2902:
in natural CEE products like Premarin, as many as 230 compounds and including even
13279:
13264:
13171:
12955:
12836:
12418:
12032:
11692:
11350:
11267:
11212:
11055:
11015:
11005:
10945:
10914:
10255:
10201:
10085:
10069:
10026:
9979:
9811:
9786:
9771:
9721:
9656:
9608:
9521:
9488:
9450:
9413:
9376:
9318:
9252:
9173:
9136:
9098:
9086:
9061:
8120:
8069:
7993:
7737:
7712:
7340:
7288:
7271:
7126:
6991:
6966:
6942:
6917:
6454:
6410:
6367:
6248:
6205:
5863:
5699:
5503:
5274:
5214:
4675:
Plasma estrogen levels after a single dose of conjugated estrogens by different routes
4571:
4466:
4462:
4401:
4048:
3750:
3527:
3502:
3158:
2834:
2810:
2802:
2193:
2181:
1833:
1721:
1366:
1274:
1242:
1015:
849:
727:
677:
661:
630:
174:
31:
12759:
11035:
9240:
8969:
8458:
8441:
8355:
5956:
13274:
12769:
12543:
11992:
11000:
10995:
10922:
10911:
10763:
10576:
10426:
10117:
10065:
9940:
9796:
9751:
9726:
9631:
9480:
9442:
9405:
9368:
9339:
9310:
9281:
9244:
9215:
9194:
9165:
9128:
9090:
9053:
9049:
9024:
8873:
8810:
8806:
8775:
8738:
8713:
8686:
8645:
8641:
8585:
8553:
8501:
8420:
8395:
8359:
8319:
8283:
8279:
8246:
8219:
8192:
8160:
8156:
8112:
8055:
8022:
7997:
7959:
7926:
7876:
7847:
7812:
7777:
7742:
7693:
7658:
7648:
7617:
7582:
7545:
7518:
7481:
7454:
7427:
7402:
7375:
7371:
7332:
7328:
7293:
7245:
7205:
7178:
7151:
7118:
7082:
7047:
6996:
6982:
6947:
6859:
6832:
6788:
6732:
6705:
6671:
6647:
6606:
6556:
6529:
6446:
6402:
6359:
6322:
6288:
6240:
6197:
6160:
6130:
6100:
6048:
5855:
5542:
Conjugated estrogens was introduced for medical use under the brand name Premarin in
5343:. CEEs contain both 17Ξ²-estrogens like estradiol and 17Ξ²-dihydroequilin and the C17Ξ±
5266:
4686:
3577:
2763:
2743:
2723:
2704:
2189:
2150:
2051:
1805:
1653:
1622:
1358:
1146:
1031:
763:
759:
44:
11150:
9492:
9417:
9380:
9322:
9256:
9177:
9140:
9102:
9007:
Bhavnani BR (November 1988). "The saga of the ring B unsaturated equine estrogens".
8614:
7130:
6757:
6414:
6209:
5867:
140:
CEs; Conjugated equine estrogens; CEEs; Pregnant mares' urine; Estrogens, conjugated
13294:
13019:
12488:
11453:
11200:
11085:
11025:
11020:
11010:
10990:
10950:
10638:
10626:
10238:
10154:
9967:
9857:
9472:
9454:
9434:
9397:
9360:
9302:
9273:
9236:
9157:
9120:
9082:
9065:
9045:
9016:
8863:
8802:
8767:
8676:
8637:
8453:
8387:
8351:
8311:
8275:
8152:
8124:
8102:
8047:
7989:
7918:
7839:
7804:
7769:
7732:
7724:
7685:
7640:
7609:
7574:
7510:
7367:
7344:
7324:
7283:
7237:
7110:
7074:
7037:
7027:
6986:
6978:
6937:
6929:
6780:
6637:
6596:
6458:
6438:
6394:
6371:
6351:
6314:
6280:
6252:
6232:
6189:
5847:
5570:
5336:
5297:
4624:
4558:
4364:
3875:
3650:
3361:
2915:
2852:
2806:
2674:
2659:
2154:
1399:
1109:
626:
619:
396:
265:
218:
11130:
7676:
Scott WW, Menon M, Walsh PC (April 1980). "Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Cancer".
6472:
6355:
6193:
5890:
5702:. Since 1976, the drug has carried a label warning about the risk. As part of the
5348:
3130:
2891:
13243:
12578:
12311:
12185:
11817:
11764:
11719:
11520:
10722:
10658:
10346:
10299:
10176:
9476:
9401:
8868:
8522:
8107:
8090:
8016:
7897:
7689:
7514:
6809:
6784:
6642:
6625:
6398:
6318:
6309:
Quereda F (2017). "Hormone Therapy (I): Estrogens, Progestogens, and Androgens".
6236:
5320:
5280:
5192:
4474:
4327:
4127:
4058:
3900:
3725:
2727:
2667:
1455:
1423:
1167:
921:
907:
887:
879:
857:
646:
642:
306:
273:
98:
86:
72:
12289:
12285:
12263:
9438:
9277:
9185:
Gruber DM, Huber JC (December 1999). "Conjugated estrogens--the natural SERMs".
8771:
8051:
7922:
7644:
6284:
5331:. The equine estrogens differ from human estrogens in that they have additional
13049:
12811:
12683:
12112:
11832:
11804:
11796:
11635:
11540:
11530:
11475:
11470:
11372:
11190:
11090:
10880:
10832:
10695:
10683:
10316:
9998:
9821:
9623:
9161:
7078:
6601:
6584:
5747:
5711:
5649:
5551:
5270:
2830:
2663:
1919:
1459:
1447:
825:
9888:
9306:
9124:
7843:
7613:
7578:
5851:
13253:
12663:
12498:
12473:
12253:
12171:
12004:
11982:
11837:
11714:
11446:
11297:
11255:
10282:
9364:
8589:
7851:
7662:
7621:
7358:
Lauritzen C (September 1990). "Clinical use of oestrogens and progestogens".
7032:
7015:
6624:
Majeed W, Aslam B, Javed I, Khaliq T, Muhammad F, Ali A, et al. (2014).
6442:
5637:
5547:
4529:
2874:
of the active forms of the estrogens. Sodium estrone sulfate is a prodrug of
2185:
1890:
1777:
1493:
1488:
risk with oral CEEs plus medroxyprogesterone acetate and oral estradiol plus
1403:
1225:
864:
853:
790:
751:
559:
250:
9036:
Ansbacher R (April 1993). "Bioequivalence of conjugated estrogen products".
5466:
12831:
12803:
12779:
12648:
12573:
12483:
12478:
12468:
12271:
12237:
12227:
12223:
12158:
12152:
12084:
11580:
11570:
11545:
11409:
11362:
11216:
11204:
10705:
10642:
10581:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10475:
10470:
10417:
10384:
10364:
10358:
10354:
10213:
10208:
10002:
9983:
9923:
9484:
9446:
9409:
9372:
9343:
9314:
9285:
9248:
9219:
9198:
8877:
8717:
8690:
8665:"Postmenopausal hormone therapy: from monkey glands to transdermal patches"
8649:
8399:
8116:
7963:
7816:
7808:
7781:
7773:
7746:
7728:
7697:
7336:
7297:
7249:
7122:
7086:
7051:
7000:
6951:
6651:
6610:
6450:
6406:
6363:
6292:
6244:
6201:
5859:
5751:
5719:
5673:
5665:
5591:
5558:
5530:. Premarin was first introduced in 1941 by Wyeth Ayerst as a treatment for
4533:
2775:
2197:
2146:
1861:
1632:
1601:
1431:
1427:
928:
891:
845:
841:
829:
213:
9169:
9132:
9094:
9057:
9028:
8363:
8323:
8287:
8164:
8001:
7379:
6933:
2715:
1442:
or breast cancer, unlike the case of estrogen in combination with certain
13176:
13104:
13069:
13064:
13024:
12994:
12980:
12970:
12965:
12794:
12738:
12733:
12628:
12623:
12603:
12553:
12528:
12523:
12448:
12438:
12355:
12351:
12347:
12339:
12329:
12325:
12293:
12281:
12267:
12259:
12199:
12132:
12076:
12048:
11882:
11857:
11729:
11630:
11505:
11429:
11399:
11250:
11230:
11180:
11134:
11030:
10739:
10712:
10691:
10687:
10679:
10664:
10654:
10606:
10545:
10540:
10490:
10378:
10321:
10147:
10097:
10016:
9957:
9877:
9020:
8984:
8814:
8779:
8391:
7586:
7406:
7230:
Birth Defects Research. Part B, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology
6855:
Drugs for the Geriatric Patient E-Book: Text with BONUS Handheld Software
5661:
5531:
5417:
5332:
4097:
4038:
2907:
2842:
2165:
1419:
1361:(0.3 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.9 mg, 1.25 mg, or 2.5 mg),
1125:
1077:
895:
837:
735:
707:
703:
699:
8681:
8664:
6626:"Breast cancer: major risk factors and recent developments in treatment"
5988:
416:
13119:
13099:
13074:
12921:
12866:
12821:
12799:
12708:
12703:
12673:
12658:
12653:
12618:
12508:
12463:
12443:
12321:
12315:
12219:
12207:
12167:
12148:
12124:
12108:
12018:
12014:
11988:
11974:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11907:
11877:
11847:
11842:
11822:
11759:
11680:
11660:
11645:
11640:
11585:
11535:
11436:
11377:
11310:
11305:
11282:
11220:
11195:
10788:
10729:
10611:
10596:
10555:
10530:
10520:
10515:
10485:
10460:
10304:
10270:
10243:
10233:
10228:
10218:
10191:
10186:
10041:
10036:
7241:
5723:
5669:
4635:
4589:
3800:
3700:
2433:
2254:
1476:
1463:
936:
932:
915:
743:
427:
193:
11620:
11115:
8315:
7114:
2845:
were not seen, although the clinical significance of this is unknown.
931:. The intravenous formulation of CEEs is specifically used to rapidly
13114:
13094:
13034:
13014:
12856:
12693:
12568:
12563:
12548:
12533:
12493:
12375:
12343:
12301:
12249:
12245:
12241:
12231:
12211:
12195:
12144:
12120:
12116:
12104:
12096:
12092:
12052:
12040:
12024:
12010:
12000:
11996:
11952:
11812:
11786:
11774:
11749:
11739:
11724:
11704:
11655:
11555:
11550:
11525:
11515:
11480:
11340:
11315:
11277:
11235:
10716:
10699:
10675:
10616:
10591:
10525:
10480:
10287:
10275:
10265:
10181:
10171:
9994:
9558:
9544:
7447:
GΓΆretzlehner G, Lauritzen C, RΓΆmer T, Rossmanith W (1 January 2012).
7042:
5657:
5565:
5515:
5445:
5307:. The estrogens in CEEs, in their unconjugated active forms, include
4605:
4593:
4566:
4454:
3850:
3675:
3186:
2770:. CEEs (as Premarin) and estrone have been found to be equivalent in
2594:
1443:
925:
883:
872:
833:
771:
665:
382:
345:
149:
11060:
8792:
7446:
7201:
Primary Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Handbook for Clinicians
7099:
12985:
12975:
12678:
12538:
12458:
12453:
12386:
12203:
12140:
12136:
12100:
12088:
12060:
12056:
12044:
12036:
11966:
11754:
11744:
11590:
11575:
11560:
11495:
11490:
11335:
11245:
10798:
10733:
10634:
10465:
10010:
9963:
9578:
8442:"The isolation of estrone sulfate from the urine of pregnant mares"
4627:
of vaginal CEEs and of intravenous CEEs have been studied as well.
2948:
Composition of conjugated estrogens and properties of constituents
2903:
2762:. The transformation of estrone sulfate to estrone is catalyzed by
2642:
2422:
2142:
2104:
1973:
844:. For women already taking the medication, it can be used to treat
767:
711:
476:
407:
10447:
67:
52:
13140:
12886:
12698:
12598:
12588:
12583:
12363:
12307:
12297:
12189:
12064:
11872:
11867:
11769:
11734:
11665:
11565:
11414:
11382:
11320:
10783:
10336:
9205:
8416:
Women, Health and Nation: Canada and the United States Since 1945
8188:
Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman: Basic and Clinical Aspects
7979:
5698:
Research starting in 1975 showed substantially increased risk of
5653:
5507:
5424:
5324:
5301:
5286:
5283:
5148:
4617:
3371:(i.e., as sodium estrone sulfate, sodium equilin sulfate, etc.).
3365:
3074:
2899:
2883:
2871:
2856:
2779:
2751:
2739:
2169:
875:
755:
337:
9150:
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
5484:
13059:
13054:
12911:
12175:
12163:
11978:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11670:
11325:
8662:
7948:"Suppression of ovulation by trip-anisyl chloroethylene (TACE)"
5715:
5641:
5543:
5344:
5294:
3991:
In divided doses, 3x/day; irregular and atypical proliferation.
3358:
2977:
2968:
2849:
2838:
2670:
2177:
1693:
868:
801:
786:
782:
731:
719:
634:
623:
507:
350:
12405:
10438:
9461:
9109:
8504:. Washington : 3 June 1972 – via Internet Archive.
4642:
of CEEs. Following a single oral dose of 0.625 CEEs, the
3004:
2993:
13135:
13009:
12891:
12861:
12080:
11962:
11791:
8265:
7713:"Hormonal Treatment of Transgender Women with Oral Estradiol"
7174:
Clinical Reproductive Medicine and Surgery: A Practical Guide
7064:
6964:
6725:
Denis LJ, Griffiths K, Kaisary AV, Murphy GP (1 March 1999).
6585:"An overview on the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis"
6047:(36th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. p. 2087.
5511:
5304:
4609:
3368:
2859:
2791:
2201:
1435:
781:
Premarin, the major brand of CEEs in use, is manufactured by
775:
650:
487:
311:
9513:
8892:"Earnings Results for the 2006 Fourth Quarter and Full Year"
7204:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 220, 227.
2696:
532:
13155:
12936:
12846:
12215:
11970:
8737:. Sterling Publishing Company Incorporated. pp. 235β.
8663:
Davis SR, Dinatale I, Rivera-Woll L, Davison S (May 2005).
7509:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 309β332.
7013:
6724:
6552:
Nezhat's Operative gynecologic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy
4971:
Protein binding and metabolic clearance rates of estrogens
4446:
Values are ratios, with estradiol as standard (i.e., 1.0).
2826:
1374:
657:
467:
6179:
1501:= 4.0 and 3.9, respectively). As of present, there are no
882:(atrophic vaginitis, atrophic urethritis) associated with
12990:
9427:
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
9263:
9229:
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
7567:
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. Supplement
7507:
Ovarian Function and its Disorders: Diagnosis and Therapy
7440:
7313:
5920:
9264:
Ortmann J, Traupe T, Vetter W, Barton M (May 2004). "".
8956:"Pfizer properly warned about Prempro risks, jury finds"
8218:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 395β.
7503:"Hormonal Treatment of Disorders of the Menstrual Cycle"
6831:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 172β.
6773:"Hormonal Treatment of Disorders of the Menstrual Cycle"
6704:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 540β.
6148:
6146:
2641:
Estrogens, including CEEs, are relatively safe in acute
1354:
Natural CEEs, as Premarin, are available in the form of
863:
CEEs are specifically approved in countries such as the
9817:
Estramustine phosphate (estradiol normustine phosphate)
8406:
8300:
7177:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 5β6.
7150:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 64β.
6918:"Menopausal hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism"
4521:
4118:
3951:
Dosages are given in milligrams unless otherwise noted.
11306:
Epiestriol (16Ξ²-epiestriol, 16Ξ²-hydroxy-17Ξ²-estradiol)
10723:
10706:
10372:
10365:
8846:
8044:
Chemical and Biological Aspects of Steroid Conjugation
8041:
8014:
7915:
Chemical and Biological Aspects of Steroid Conjugation
7912:
7895:
6623:
3425:
13227:
8926:. Indy News Channel. 24 November 2009. Archived from
8412:
8337:
8335:
8333:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6691:
6582:
6143:
6099:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 751β3.
3445:
10389:
10310:
Methestrol dipropionate (promethestrol dipropionate)
8433:
7945:
7710:
7473:
6670:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 14 January 2015.
6589:
Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia
5357:
5243:
5002:
4990:
4517:
4488:
4483:
4108:
4069:
3435:
3430:
1484:= 1.78). However, in another study, the increase in
800:, which is the most widely used form of estrogen in
294:
9332:
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
6522:Greer IA, Ginsberg J, Forbes C (29 December 2006).
6521:
6088:
6086:
6084:
5905:
1577:(n = 16,608, with uterus, 5.2β5.6 years follow up)
1568:
10452:Tooltip selective estrogen receptor downregulators
9350:
8330:
8211:
8205:
8018:Ovulation: Stimulation, Suppression, and Detection
7899:Ovulation: Stimulation, Suppression, and Detection
7868:
7862:
6824:
6745:
6718:
6548:
6096:Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility
6082:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
5596:
3420:
8939:
8937:
8724:
8545:
8074:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
7946:Duncan CJ, Kistner RW, Mansell H (October 1956).
7541:Praktische GynΓ€kologie: fΓΌr Studierende und Γrzte
7474:KnΓΆrr K, Beller FK, Lauritzen C (17 April 2013).
7413:
6697:
6118:
6116:
5239:
4980:
3440:
3012:
2999:
2984:
1596:(n = 10,739, no uterus, 6.8β7.1 years follow up)
13251:
10910:
9424:
9387:
8439:
6811:The Cyclopedia of Medicine, Surgery, Specialties
6764:
6270:
5686:List of estrogens available in the United States
5025:
4509:
4089:
2389:Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate
1338:Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate
972:Estrogen dosages for menopausal hormone therapy
395:
10276:Mestilbol (diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether)
9918:
8539:
8088:
8035:
8008:
7869:Rietbrock N, Staib AH, Loew D (11 March 2013).
7675:
7531:
7494:
7467:
7309:
7307:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7259:
7164:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6880:"Premarin (Conjugated estrogens) Vaginal Cream"
6498:"Estrogens, Conjugated - Drug Usage Statistics"
6266:
6264:
6262:
6061:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5620:. The brand name Premarin is a contraction of "
2882:, while sodium equilin sulfate is a prodrug of
742:. The medication may also increase the risk of
370:
12410:Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators
11765:Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate)
11126:16Ξ²,17Ξ±-Epiestriol (16Ξ²-hydroxy-17Ξ±-estradiol)
10443:Tooltip selective estrogen receptor modulators
8934:
8546:Panay N, Briggs P, Kovacs G (20 August 2015).
8419:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 103β.
8138:
8136:
8134:
7975:
7973:
7906:
7889:
7191:
6818:
6304:
6302:
6113:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5605:
2813:. This results in disproportionate effects on
2730:and the second major active estrogen with CEEs
2407: >0.625 mg/day
1505:that would allow for unambiguous conclusions.
1395:Estrogen (medication) Β§ Contraindications
856:in both women and men and in the treatment of
10956:3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17Ξ²-ol
10896:
10266:Dimestrol (diethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether)
9904:
9529:
9113:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
9072:
8795:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
8730:
8552:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 118β.
8376:
8341:
8212:Notelovitz M, van Keep PA (6 December 2012).
8082:
7832:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
7823:
7602:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
7593:
7419:
7137:
6825:Morley JE, van den Berg L (5 November 1999).
6465:
6341:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6018:
5375:
4957:
4661:
4016:
3393:
2934:
2750:, itself is inactive, and rather serves as a
2304: >0.625 mg/day
2226:
1520:
958:
750:, and, when combined with most progestogens,
11066:10Ξ²,17Ξ²-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED)
8830:"Menopause, as Brought to You by Big Pharma"
8827:
8697:
8656:
8621:
8527:
8370:
7939:
7788:
7704:
7669:
7450:Praktische Hormontherapie in der GynΓ€kologie
7304:
7256:
7221:
7093:
7058:
7007:
6958:
6904:
6549:Nezhat C, Nezhat F, Nezhat C (7 July 2008).
6421:
6378:
6335:
6259:
6216:
6173:
6159:. World Health Organization. pp. 378β.
6092:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5934:
5893:. United States Food and Drug Administration
2408:
2403:
1587:
1559:
12941:Tooltip G protein-coupled estrogen receptor
11760:Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
10398:
10271:Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
9329:
9184:
8569:
8294:
8259:
8180:
8178:
8176:
8174:
8131:
7970:
7537:
7500:
7351:
7170:
6858:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 462β.
6801:
6770:
6698:Oettel M, Schillinger E (6 December 2012).
6583:Maeda SS, Lazaretti-Castro M (March 2014).
6299:
6129:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 573β.
6122:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5770:
5557:The manufacturer of Premarin secretly paid
4548:
4501:
4496:
4079:
2402: β€0.625 mg/day
2259:
1644:
1613:
824:used in women. It is used most commonly in
618:and for various other indications. It is a
257:In general: β (Prescription only)
11903:Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene)
11227:, many others; via estrogenic metabolites)
11151:17Ξ±-Epiestriol (16Ξ±-hydroxy-17Ξ±-estradiol)
10903:
10889:
9911:
9897:
9536:
9522:
9353:Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
8757:
8607:
8232:
8089:Scott WW, Menon M, Walsh PC (April 1980).
7628:
7558:
7386:
7269:
7197:
6630:Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
5983:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5382:
5368:
4964:
4950:
4705:
4695:
4668:
4654:
4458:
4049:
4023:
4009:
3400:
3386:
2941:
2927:
2359: >1 mg/day
2335: >1 mg/day
2302: β€0.625 mg/day
2233:
2219:
1527:
1513:
965:
951:
722:among others. It may increase the risk of
569:
546:
435:
10923:
10427:
10192:Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA)
9941:
9035:
8867:
8703:
8680:
8630:Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
8627:
8533:Food and Drug Administration. 5 May 1997
8457:
8413:Feldberg GD, Ladd-Taylor M, Li A (2003).
8106:
7829:
7753:
7736:
7711:Leinung MC, Feustel PJ, Joseph J (2018).
7599:
7564:
7392:
7357:
7287:
7143:
7041:
7031:
6990:
6941:
6915:
6845:
6641:
6600:
5995:
5668:. Prempak-C is a combination of CEEs and
2655:Estrogen (medication) Β§ Interactions
2288: >1 mg/day
1654:
1623:
645:. CEEs are available in the form of both
455:
332:
10148:Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate)
9878:Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate)
9226:
9147:
9006:
8982:
8578:"Women Have Been Misled About Menopause"
8171:
8142:
7639:. KliniktaschenbΓΌcher. pp. 59β124.
7635:Kopera H (1991). "Hormone der Gonaden".
6922:Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review
6222:
6038:
5874:
4552:
4528:= Increase in the serum levels of these
3975:
3973:
3971:
2714:
2695:
2196:(estrogen plus progestogen group only),
1321:Dosages are not necessarily equivalent.
871:for the treatment of moderate to severe
9599:Estradiol-containing birth control pill
8840:
8828:Singer N, Wilson D (12 December 2009).
8731:Hochadel MA, Avorn J (1 January 2007).
8575:
7872:Klinische Pharmakologie: Arzneitherapie
7544:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 598β599.
7420:Wolf AS, Schneider HP (12 March 2013).
6807:
6427:
6308:
6045:Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
5974:
5891:"Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products"
5519:ingredient in Progynon and Emmenin was
5389:Chemical structures of equine estrogens
4525:
4475:
4470:
4128:
4123:Tooltip Corticosteroid-binding globulin
4059:
2711:and the major active estrogen with CEEs
2354: β€1 mg/day
2330: β€1 mg/day
1346:Conjugated estrogens/methyltestosterone
542:
415:
14:
13252:
8943:
8897:(Press release). Wyeth. Archived from
8821:
8502:"Federal register [microform]"
8473:
8471:
8469:
8238:
8091:"Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Cancer"
7634:
5577:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
4638:primarily in the liver. There is some
3987:
3985:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3415:Dosage for specific uses (mg usually)
2286: β€1 mg/day
914:in women, the palliative treatment of
560:
10884:
9892:
9652:Estradiol benzoate cyclooctenyl ether
9517:
8477:
7794:
7759:
7480:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 212β213.
7227:
7103:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
6851:
6384:
6123:Moscou K, Snipe K (1 December 2012).
6093:Fritz MA, Speroff L (28 March 2012).
5023:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4978:
4711:
4136:
4126:
4116:
4106:
4087:
4077:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4037:
4030:Relative oral potencies of estrogens
3968:
3414:
3411:
3009:
2998:
2982:
2973:
2958:
2823:selective estrogen receptor modulator
2637:Estrogen (medication) Β§ Overdose
2317:Estradiol/medroxyprogesterone acetate
1494:
1226:
515:
495:
244:
154:
10394:Tooltip follicle-stimulating hormone
9292:
8184:
7423:Γstrogene in Diagnostik und Therapie
5837:
4995:Tooltip sex hormone-binding globulin
4493:Tooltip follicle-stimulating hormone
4113:Tooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin
4074:Tooltip Follicle-stimulating hormone
2593:(2015, 2019) based on data from the
2577:Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate
2456: >50 ΞΌg/day
1633:
1602:
1388:
1291:
1235:
299:Tooltip sex hormone-binding globulin
217:
9330:Kurabayashi T (November 2007). "".
8760:The New England Journal of Medicine
8466:
7453:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 44β.
6041:"Sex hormones and their modulators"
4577:
4513:
4450:
4098:
4039:
3982:
3954:
2766:, and of estrone into estradiol by
2685:
2599:Clinical Practice Research Datalink
1573:Tooltip medroxyprogesterone acetate
1462:complications than oral estradiol (
734:if it is not taken together with a
649:preparations manufactured from the
475:
386:
132:Cenestin, Enjuvia, Premarin, others
24:
10799:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
9087:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04143.x
8999:
7994:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1973.tb12238.x
7875:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 426β.
7171:Falcone T, Hurd WW (22 May 2013).
6777:Ovarian Function and its Disorders
5601:Tooltip United States Pharmacopeia
4596:during first-pass metabolism upon
1477:
1464:
1331:
785:and was first marketed in 1941 in
25:
13336:
13305:Sex hormone esters and conjugates
12302:taleranol (teranol, Ξ²-zearalanol)
11217:metandienone (methandrostenolone)
10865:Progestogens and antiprogestogens
9777:Estradiol propoxyphenylpropionate
9604:Combined injectable birth control
9501:
8191:. Academic Press. pp. 771β.
7426:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 78β.
5742:
5693:
4985:Tooltip Relative binding affinity
4691:
3333:
2989:Tooltip Relative binding affinity
2454: β€50 ΞΌg/day
2360:
2355:
2336:
2331:
1422:associated with CEEs are vaginal
1350:Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene
13237:
13212:Progesterone receptor modulators
12966:Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen)
11848:Prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041)
10261:Diethylstilbestrol esters/ethers
10256:Diethylstilbestrol (stilbestrol)
9075:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
9050:10.2165/00003088-199324040-00001
8976:
8962:
8642:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00247.x
8440:Schachter B, Marrian GF (1938).
8242:Gonadotrophins: Current Research
8021:. Lippincott. pp. 243β253.
7637:Hormonelle Therapie fΓΌr die Frau
7329:10.1097/00042192-200007040-00006
7144:Buchsbaum HJ (6 December 2012).
6983:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11074
5483:
5393:
5030:Tooltip Metabolic clearance rate
4094:Tooltip High-density lipoprotein
2878:, which in turn is a prodrug of
2768:17Ξ²-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
66:
51:
12909:Coregulator-binding modulators:
11176:17Ξ²-Methyl-17Ξ±-dihydroequilenin
9510:NIH press release, 4 March 2008
8948:
8916:
8884:
8786:
8751:
8508:
8494:
8446:Journal of Biological Chemistry
8245:. Ardent Media. pp. 157β.
7902:. Lippincott. pp. 243β253.
7505:. In Horsky J, Presl J (eds.).
6872:
6775:. In Horsky J, Presl J (eds.).
6658:
6617:
6576:
6542:
6515:
6490:
5679:
4935:= Absolute levels, not change.
4840:
4836:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4791:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4701:
3945:
3933:
2680:
2648:
2527:Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel
2517:Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone
2399:Conjugated estrogens/norgestrel
1413:
1342:Conjugated estrogens/norgestrel
815:
11740:Erteberel (SERBA-1, LY-500307)
10804:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
9990:) (via estrogenic metabolites)
9465:Critical Reviews in Toxicology
8983:Morrison K (19 January 2004).
8480:"The Strange Case of Premarin"
8054:(inactive 17 September 2024).
8046:. Springer. pp. 368β408.
7198:Sanfilippo JS (January 1998).
6555:. Cambridge University Press.
6313:. Springer. pp. 181β196.
5610:Tooltip Japanese Accepted Name
5574:, leading to increased sales.
2746:. The major estrogen in CEEs,
941:dysfunctional uterine bleeding
924:in men, and the prevention of
13:
1:
13285:Hormonal antineoplastic drugs
13270:Combination sex hormone drugs
13197:Receptor/signaling modulators
11161:17Ξ±-Ethynyl-3Ξ²-androstanediol
11156:17Ξ±-Ethynyl-3Ξ±-androstanediol
9574:Pharmacokinetics of estradiol
9569:Pharmacodynamics of estradiol
9543:
9390:Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
9241:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00220-6
8924:"Pfizer Statement on Prempro"
8856:Archives of Internal Medicine
8576:Dominus S (1 February 2023).
8459:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)73874-X
8356:10.1016/S0015-0282(16)45970-4
6356:10.1080/13697137.2017.1291607
6273:J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol
6194:10.1080/14740338.2017.1343298
6182:Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
5763:
5733:
5708:National Institutes of Health
4584:Pharmacokinetics of estradiol
2692:Pharmacodynamics of estradiol
2567:Ethinylestradiol/drospirenone
2537:Ethinylestradiol/norgestimate
690:injection into a blood vessel
606:), sold under the brand name
13207:Androgen receptor modulators
11511:Lynestrenol phenylpropionate
10855:Estrogen receptor modulators
10756:hydroxyprogesterone caproate
9667:Estradiol cyclooctyl acetate
9477:10.3109/10408444.2014.930813
9402:10.1517/14740338.2013.824965
8869:10.1001/archinte.165.17.1976
8807:10.1016/0002-9378(77)90351-9
8669:The Journal of Endocrinology
8280:10.1016/0378-5122(80)90034-1
8157:10.1016/0010-7824(96)00136-9
8108:10.1002/cncr.1980.45.s7.1929
7690:10.1002/cncr.1980.45.s7.1929
7515:10.1007/978-94-009-8195-9_11
7372:10.1016/0378-5122(90)90004-P
6916:BiΕkowska M (October 2014).
6885:Food and Drug Administration
6785:10.1007/978-94-009-8195-9_11
6731:. CRC Press. pp. 297β.
6643:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3353
6399:10.1097/GME.0000000000000169
6319:10.1007/978-3-319-59318-0_11
6237:10.3109/13697137.2014.956717
5260:
5246:(%) is compared to 100% for
3407:Potencies of oral estrogens
2547:Ethinylestradiol/desogestrel
1592:Tooltip Conjugated estrogens
1564:Tooltip conjugated estrogens
1503:randomized controlled trials
1492:was found to be equivalent (
1428:vaginal spotting or bleeding
852:therapy in the treatment of
840:in women who have not had a
614:medication which is used in
7:
13202:Estrogens and antiestrogens
12852:Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate
12539:Etacstil (GW-5638, DPC-974)
11715:Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
11459:Ethinylestradiol 3-benzoate
10971:3Ξ²,5Ξ±-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
10966:3Ξ±,5Ξ±-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
10860:Androgens and antiandrogens
10796:Androstenedione immunogens:
10760:medroxyprogesterone acetate
10403:Tooltip luteinizing hormone
10283:Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)
9742:Estradiol hexahydrobenzoate
9647:Estradiol benzoate butyrate
9564:Estradiol (as a medication)
9439:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.011
9278:10.1024/0369-8394.93.21.904
9208:Gynecological Endocrinology
9187:Gynecological Endocrinology
8772:10.1056/NEJM197512042932303
8052:10.1007/978-3-642-49793-3_8
7923:10.1007/978-3-642-49793-3_8
7645:10.1007/978-3-642-95670-6_6
7270:Notelovitz M (March 2006).
6285:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.011
5728:medroxyprogesterone acetate
5646:medroxyprogesterone acetate
5618:conjugated equine estrogens
4640:enterohepatic recirculation
4506:Tooltip luteinizing hormone
4084:Tooltip Luteinizing hormone
2630:
2591:Nested caseβcontrol studies
2264:Tooltip confidence interval
2139:medroxyprogesterone acetate
1652:
1649:Tooltip Confidence interval
1641:
1631:
1621:
1618:Tooltip Confidence interval
1610:
1600:
1452:medroxyprogesterone acetate
676:, but can also be given by
670:medroxyprogesterone acetate
600:conjugated equine estrogens
156:Multum Consumer Information
111:17Ξ±-Dihydro-equilin sulfate
10:
13341:
12919:Noncompetitive inhibitors:
12544:Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25)
11705:Dimestrol (dianisylhexene)
11464:Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
10781:Mixed mechanism of action:
10553:Noncompetitive inhibitors:
10305:Methestrol (promethestrol)
10160:Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
9762:Estradiol phenylpropionate
9637:Estradiol acetylsalicylate
9614:Hydroxylation of estradiol
9594:Feminizing hormone therapy
9589:Menopausal hormone therapy
9584:Estrogen (as a medication)
9162:10.3181/00379727-217-44199
7982:British Journal of Urology
7501:HorskΓ½ J, Presl J (1981).
7079:10.1016/j.blre.2016.12.001
6852:Shorr RI (11 April 2007).
6771:HorskΓ½ J, Presl J (1981).
6667:2015 Nurse's Drug Handbook
6602:10.1590/0004-2730000003039
5683:
5640:and C.E.S. and Congest in
5498:
5264:
5171:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilin sulfate
4581:
4437:
4054:Tooltip Vaginal epithelium
3453:Estradiol (non-micronized)
2734:CEEs are a combination of
2689:
2652:
2634:
2557:Ethinylestradiol/gestodene
2498:Conjugated estrogens alone
2300:Conjugated estrogens alone
2275:
2272:Menopausal hormone therapy
2270:
1392:
1335:
616:menopausal hormone therapy
29:
13325:Drugs developed by Pfizer
13189:
13164:
13128:
12961:7Ξ²-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
12948:
12934:
12747:
12519:Desmethylchlorotrianisene
12400:
11698:Diethylstilbestrol esters
11651:Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid
11071:11Ξ²-Chloromethylestradiol
11046:7Ξ²-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
10935:
10928:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
10921:
10816:
10773:
10625:
10564:
10538:Exclusively antagonistic:
10432:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
10425:
10416:
10345:
9946:Tooltip Estrogen receptor
9939:
9930:
9835:
9622:
9551:
9307:10.1080/13697130500148875
9125:10.3109/00016349609033337
9038:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
7952:Obstetrics and Gynecology
7844:10.3109/00016344709154486
7614:10.3109/00016347509156433
7579:10.3109/00016347509156433
6039:Sweetman SC, ed. (2009).
5852:10.1080/13697130500148875
5704:Women's Health Initiative
5536:Kefauver Harris Amendment
5321:equine-specific estrogens
5235:
4931:
3924:
3899:
3874:
3849:
3824:
3799:
3774:
3749:
3724:
3699:
3674:
3649:
3626:
3601:
3576:
3551:
3526:
3501:
3476:
3451:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3353:
2833:system were observed but
2614:Statistically significant
2585:
2510:
2505:
2481:
2443:
2129:
2078:Peripheral artery disease
1659:Tooltip Attributable risk
1628:Tooltip Attributable risk
1579:
1566:0.625 mg/day p.o. +
1548:
1543:
1540:
1313:
1224:
1187:
993:
904:abnormal uterine bleeding
754:. CEEs are estrogens, or
672:. CEEs are usually taken
577:
558:
526:
506:
486:
466:
446:
426:
406:
381:
361:
356:
344:
317:
305:
282:
272:
264:
234:
229:
204:
192:
162:
144:
136:
126:
121:
109:
97:
85:
80:
65:
50:
13320:Drugs developed by Wyeth
13025:Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)
12842:Methylpiperidinopyrazole
12795:Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)
12278:Resorcylic acid lactones
11501:Hydroxyestrone diacetate
11437:Etamestrol (eptamestrol)
10167:Hydroxyestrone diacetate
10094:estradiol ester mixtures
9747:Estradiol monopropionate
9717:Estradiol diundecylenate
9662:Estradiol butyrylacetate
9559:Estradiol (as a hormone)
9365:10.1177/1076029612437575
8521:21 November 2005 at the
8478:Kling J (October 2000).
7477:Lehrbuch der GynΓ€kologie
7395:Fortschritte Der Medizin
7033:10.1001/jama.292.13.1581
6443:10.3810/pgm.2009.01.1949
5758:
5582:
5568:women in his 1966 book,
4549:Antigonadotropic effects
3965:Dosed every 2 to 3 weeks
2815:liver protein production
2351:Estradiol/norethisterone
2327:Estradiol/dydrogesterone
912:metastatic breast cancer
730:in women with an intact
30:Not to be confused with
12336:Synthetic xenoestrogens
11893:Triphenylchloroethylene
11828:Methestrol dipropionate
11356:Polyestradiol phosphate
10332:Triphenylchloroethylene
10090:polyestradiol phosphate
9827:Polyestradiol phosphate
9737:Estradiol hemisuccinate
9579:Estrogen (as a hormone)
8344:Fertility and Sterility
8185:Lobo RA (5 June 2007).
6525:Women's vascular health
4565:A preliminary study of
4480:Tooltip urinary calcium
4133:Tooltip Angiotensinogen
4064:Tooltip Urinary calcium
1594:0.625 mg/day p.o.)
1383:intramuscular injection
1373:(0.625 mg/g), and
900:primary ovarian failure
812:million prescriptions.
724:endometrial hyperplasia
678:application to the skin
187:intramuscular injection
12429:4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen
12424:2-Phenylbenzothiophene
12298:zeranol (Ξ±-zearalanol)
12001:phlorizin (phloridzin)
11888:Triphenylbromoethylene
11787:ICI-85966 (Stilbostat)
11368:Estramustine phosphate
11241:Bolandiol dipropionate
10327:Triphenylbromoethylene
10104:Estramustine phosphate
9807:Estradiol undecylenate
9712:Estradiol diundecylate
9697:Estradiol dipropionate
9642:Estradiol anthranilate
8549:Managing the Menopause
8101:(Suppl 7): 1929β1936.
7809:10.1530/acta.0.0080175
7774:10.1530/acta.0.0040121
7729:10.1089/trgh.2017.0035
7684:(Suppl 7): 1929β1936.
7538:Pschyrembel W (1968).
6971:JAMA Internal Medicine
6828:Endocrinology of Aging
6814:. F. A. Davis Company.
5989:"Conjugated estrogens"
5612:. It is also known as
5564:to promote its use by
4562:
3927:Sources and footnotes:
3478:Estradiol (micronized)
2868:sodium equilin sulfate
2864:sodium estrone sulfate
2748:sodium estrone sulfate
2731:
2712:
2601:(CPRD) databases. (2)
2507:Combined birth control
2379:estradiol/drospirenone
2174:coronary heart disease
1750:Venous thromboembolism
1666:Coronary heart disease
1490:norethisterone acetate
1486:venous thromboembolism
1440:coronary heart disease
1408:venous thromboembolism
1371:vaginal administration
748:cardiovascular disease
12609:Miproxifene phosphate
12434:27-Hydroxycholesterol
11898:Triphenyliodoethylene
11442:Ethinylandrostenediol
11405:Estrogenic substances
11393:Polyestriol phosphate
11261:Cloxestradiol acetate
10744:chlormadinone acetate
10128:Estrogenic substances
10122:polyestriol phosphate
10022:Cloxestradiol acetate
9732:Estradiol glucuronide
8484:Modern Drug Discovery
6934:10.5114/pm.2014.46468
6473:"The Top 300 of 2020"
6431:Postgraduate Medicine
5588:Estrogens, conjugated
5528:University of Toronto
5311:human estrogens like
4634:The active forms are
4621:first-pass metabolism
4556:
4453:= Clinical relief of
4440:Sources and footnotes
3627:Conjugated estrogens
2848:CEEs consists of the
2718:
2699:
1575:2.5 mg/day p.o.)
1499:Tooltip Relative risk
1231:Tooltip Intramuscular
828:women who have had a
183:intravenous injection
13300:Organic sodium salts
11923:WAY-204688 (SIM-688)
11735:ERB-196 (WAY-202196)
11686:Dienestrol diacetate
11425:Estrone methyl ether
11331:Esterified estrogens
11273:Conjugated estrogens
11166:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilenin
11141:17Ξ±-Dihydroequilenin
11081:15Ξ±-Hydroxyestradiol
11076:11Ξ²-Methoxyestradiol
11051:8,9-Dehydroestradiol
10752:gestonorone caproate
10566:Aromatase inhibitors
10249:Dienestrol diacetate
10197:Prasterone enanthate
10082:estradiol undecylate
10047:Esterified estrogens
10032:Conjugated estrogens
9868:Esterified estrogens
9863:Conjugated estrogens
9802:Estradiol undecylate
9782:Estradiol salicylate
9702:Estradiol distearate
9692:Estradiol dienantate
9687:Estradiol dibutyrate
9338:(Suppl 9): 369β373.
9021:10.1210/edrv-9-4-396
8930:on 23 February 2012.
8392:10.1210/en.2008-0304
7917:. pp. 368β408.
7797:Acta Endocrinologica
7762:Acta Endocrinologica
5614:conjugated estrogens
5594:of the drug and its
5550:in 1942, and in the
5460:17Ξ±-Dihydroequilenin
5453:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilenin
4644:biological half-life
4292:Conjugated estrogens
3826:Dienestrol diacetate
3299:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilenin
3243:17Ξ±-Dihydroequilenin
3020:Conjugated estrogens
2819:17Ξ²-dihydroequilenin
2375:Estradiol/norgestrel
2135:conjugated estrogens
1638:Tooltip Hazard ratio
1607:Tooltip Hazard ratio
1473:esterified estrogens
1062:Esterified estrogens
1047:Conjugated estrogens
880:vulvovaginal atrophy
806:esterified estrogens
610:among others, is an
592:Conjugated estrogens
45:Conjugated estrogens
36:Esterified estrogens
13310:Prolactin releasers
13090:Propylpyrazoletriol
13005:Diarylpropionitrile
11853:Propylpyrazoletriol
11710:Dimethylstilbestrol
11676:Diarylpropionitrile
11486:Etynodiol diacetate
11186:Abiraterone acetate
11096:16Ξ±-Fluoroestradiol
10748:cyproterone acetate
10647:testosterone esters
10078:estradiol enanthate
10074:estradiol cypionate
10007:etynodiol diacetate
9976:testosterone esters
9792:Estradiol sulfamate
9767:Estradiol phosphate
9757:Estradiol palmitate
9707:Estradiol disulfate
9682:Estradiol diacetate
9677:Estradiol decanoate
9672:Estradiol cypionate
8904:on 27 November 2007
8682:10.1677/joe.1.05847
6808:Piersol GM (1975).
5961:labeling.pfizer.com
5578:Society and culture
5521:estriol glucuronide
5281:naturally occurring
4972:
4676:
4598:oral administration
4103:Tooltip Cholesterol
4044:Tooltip Hot flashes
4031:
3408:
2949:
2241:
2204:from other causes.
2159:confidence interval
2026:Stress incontinence
2000:Gallbladder disease
1537:
1309:100 mg 1x/6 months
1259:Estradiol cypionate
973:
820:CEEs are a form of
789:and in 1942 in the
631:estrogen conjugates
47:
27:Estrogen medication
13172:Diethylstilbestrol
12956:2-Methoxyestradiol
12887:TAS-108 (SR-16234)
12837:Methylepitiostanol
12775:EM-800 (SCH-57050)
12699:TAS-108 (SR-16234)
12419:2-Phenylbenzofuran
12033:8-prenylnaringenin
11693:Diethylstilbestrol
11351:Lipoidal estradiol
11326:ERA-63 (ORG-37663)
11268:Conjugated estriol
11213:methyltestosterone
11171:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilin
11146:17Ξ±-Dihydroequilin
11121:16Ξ²-Hydroxyestrone
11106:16Ξ±-Hydroxyestrone
11056:8,9-Dehydroestrone
11041:7Ξ±-Methylestradiol
11016:4-Methoxyestradiol
11006:4-Hydroxyestradiol
10981:3Ξ²-Hydroxytibolone
10976:3Ξ±-Hydroxytibolone
10946:2-Hydroxyestradiol
10843:Never to phase III
10678:releasers) (e.g.,
10589:Second-generation:
10202:Prasterone sulfate
10086:estradiol valerate
10070:estradiol benzoate
10027:Conjugated estriol
9980:methyltestosterone
9812:Estradiol valerate
9787:Estradiol stearate
9772:Estradiol pivalate
9722:Estradiol enantate
9657:Estradiol benzoate
9609:High-dose estrogen
9214:(Suppl 6): 13β19.
8958:. 3 December 2010.
8706:Discovery Medicine
8582:The New York Times
8239:Seidel GE (1974).
7717:Transgender Health
7242:10.1002/bdrb.20112
6892:on 26 October 2016
6231:(Suppl 2): 34β37.
5700:endometrial cancer
5664:, and Premelle in
5504:Conjugated estriol
5439:17Ξ±-Dihydroequilin
5432:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilin
5353:17Ξ±-dihydroequilin
5329:17Ξ²-dihydroequilin
5275:Estrogen conjugate
5127:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilin
4945:
4649:
4600:. Following their
4572:diethylstilbestrol
4563:
4467:vaginal epithelium
4402:Diethylstilbestrol
4004:
3751:Diethylstilbestrol
3528:Estradiol benzoate
3503:Estradiol valerate
3381:
3215:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilin
3103:17Ξ±-Dihydroequilin
2922:
2896:17Ξ±-dihydroequilin
2811:diethylstilbestrol
2784:17Ξ²-dihydroequilin
2744:estrogen receptors
2732:
2720:17Ξ²-Dihydroequilin
2713:
2581:4.27 (3.57β5.11)*
2571:4.12 (3.43β4.96)*
2561:3.64 (3.00β4.43)*
2551:4.28 (3.66β5.01)*
2541:2.53 (2.17β2.96)*
2531:2.38 (2.18β2.59)*
2521:2.56 (2.15β3.06)*
2439:1.49 (1.24β1.79)*
2417:2.38 (1.99β2.85)*
2393:2.10 (1.92β2.31)*
2369:1.84 (1.69β2.00)*
2321:1.44 (1.09β1.89)*
2311:1.71 (1.51β1.93)*
2295:1.35 (1.18β1.55)*
2214:
2194:endometrial cancer
2182:pulmonary embolism
1834:Endometrial cancer
1722:Pulmonary embolism
1508:
1482:Tooltip Odds ratio
1469:Tooltip Odds ratio
1275:Estradiol benzoate
1269:5 mg 1x/3β4 weeks
1243:Estradiol valerate
1016:Estradiol valerate
946:
919:androgen-dependent
878:(hot flashes) and
850:high-dose estrogen
728:endometrial cancer
43:
32:Estrogen conjugate
13260:Antigonadotropins
13225:
13224:
13217:List of estrogens
13185:
13184:
12930:
12929:
12770:Cytestrol acetate
11993:isoliquiritigenin
11935:Unknown/unsorted:
11621:Ξ²-LGND2 (GTx-878)
11201:Anabolic steroids
11111:16Ξ±-Iodoestradiol
11001:4-Fluoroestradiol
10996:4-Androstenedione
10986:3Ξ²-Androstanediol
10961:3Ξ±-Androstanediol
10912:Estrogen receptor
10878:
10877:
10870:List of estrogens
10812:
10811:
10764:megestrol acetate
10651:nandrolone esters
10639:anabolic steroids
10627:Antigonadotropins
10604:Third-generation:
10577:Aminoglutethimide
10574:First-generation:
10412:
10411:
10118:estriol succinate
10066:estradiol acetate
9988:nandrolone esters
9968:anabolic steroids
9886:
9885:
9797:Estradiol sulfate
9752:Estradiol mustard
9727:Estradiol furoate
9632:Estradiol acetate
9301:(Suppl 1): 3β63.
9193:(Suppl 6): 9β12.
9009:Endocrine Reviews
8862:(17): 1976β1986.
8766:(23): 1167β1170.
8744:978-1-4027-4446-4
8559:978-1-107-45182-7
8426:978-0-7735-2501-6
8316:10.1159/000180788
8252:978-0-8422-7205-6
8225:978-94-009-4145-8
8198:978-0-08-055309-2
8061:978-3-642-49506-9
8028:978-0-397-59010-0
7932:978-3-642-49506-9
7882:978-3-642-57636-2
7654:978-3-540-54554-5
7551:978-3-11-150424-7
7524:978-94-009-8195-9
7487:978-3-662-00942-0
7460:978-3-11-024568-4
7433:978-3-642-75101-1
7211:978-0-387-94739-6
7184:978-1-4614-6837-0
7157:978-1-4612-5525-3
7115:10.1111/jth.12060
7026:(13): 1581β1587.
6865:978-1-4377-1035-9
6838:978-1-59259-715-4
6794:978-94-009-8195-9
6738:978-1-85317-422-3
6711:978-3-642-60107-1
6677:978-1-284-09137-3
6562:978-1-139-47200-5
6535:978-0-340-80997-6
6328:978-3-319-59317-3
6166:978-92-832-1291-1
6136:978-0-323-08578-6
6106:978-1-4511-4847-3
6054:978-0-85369-840-1
5846:(Suppl 1): 3β63.
5706:sponsored by the
5496:
5495:
5267:List of estrogens
5258:
5257:
4943:
4942:
4546:
4545:
4499:= Suppression of
4486:= Suppression of
4002:
4001:
3578:Estriol succinate
3379:
3378:
2764:steroid sulfatase
2628:
2627:
2501:1.04 (0.76β1.43)
2493:0.84 (0.73β0.97)
2477:0.88 (0.73β1.01)
2463:1.05 (0.88β1.24)
2428:1.02 (0.90β1.15)
2415:1.53 (1.36β1.72)*
2413:1.73 (1.57β1.91)*
2383:1.42 (1.00β2.03)
2367:1.38 (1.23β1.56)*
2365:1.68 (1.57β1.80)*
2345:1.34 (0.94β1.90)
2309:1.40 (1.28β1.53)*
2307:1.49 (1.39β1.60)*
2293:1.22 (1.09β1.37)*
2291:1.27 (1.16β1.39)*
2212:
2211:
2190:colorectal cancer
2151:attributable risk
2052:Urge incontinence
1959:+19 / 10,000 PYs
1913:β53 / 10,000 PYs
1904:β47 / 10,000 PYs
1806:Colorectal cancer
1763:+18 / 10,000 PYs
1735:+10 / 10,000 PYs
1716:+12 / 10,000 PYs
1541:Clinical outcome
1471:= 2.08) and oral
1406:and a history of
1400:Contraindications
1389:Contraindications
1329:
1328:
1306:50 mg 1x/6 months
1303:25 mg 1x/6 months
1266:3 mg 1x/3β4 weeks
1263:1 mg 1x/3β4 weeks
1147:Transdermal patch
1032:Estradiol acetate
764:biological target
760:estrogen receptor
704:breast tenderness
589:
588:
528:CompTox Dashboard
248:
16:(Redirected from
13332:
13242:
13241:
13240:
13233:
13084:2,2',5'-PCB-4-OH
13020:Ethinylestradiol
12946:
12945:
12942:
12938:
12679:Rimostil (P-081)
12489:Chlorotrianisene
12411:
12407:
12186:Metalloestrogens
11965:-related (e.g.,
11780:Hexestrol esters
11454:Ethinylestradiol
11346:Estradiol esters
11101:16Ξ±-Hydroxy-DHEA
11086:16-Ketoestradiol
11026:5-Androstenediol
11021:4-Methoxyestrone
11011:4-Hydroxyestrone
10991:4-Androstenediol
10951:2-Hydroxyestrone
10933:
10932:
10929:
10925:
10905:
10898:
10891:
10882:
10881:
10725:
10708:
10453:
10449:
10444:
10440:
10433:
10429:
10423:
10422:
10404:
10400:
10395:
10391:
10374:
10367:
10347:Progonadotropins
10293:Hexestrol esters
10239:Chlorotrianisene
10155:Ethinylestradiol
10062:Estradiol esters
9947:
9943:
9937:
9936:
9913:
9906:
9899:
9890:
9889:
9858:Ethinylestradiol
9538:
9531:
9524:
9515:
9514:
9496:
9458:
9421:
9384:
9347:
9326:
9289:
9260:
9235:(2β5): 473β482.
9223:
9202:
9181:
9144:
9106:
9069:
9032:
8993:
8992:
8985:"The HRT horses"
8980:
8974:
8973:
8966:
8960:
8959:
8952:
8946:
8945:
8941:
8932:
8931:
8920:
8914:
8913:
8911:
8909:
8903:
8896:
8888:
8882:
8881:
8871:
8853:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8825:
8819:
8818:
8790:
8784:
8783:
8755:
8749:
8748:
8728:
8722:
8721:
8701:
8695:
8694:
8684:
8660:
8654:
8653:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8611:
8605:
8604:
8598:
8596:
8573:
8567:
8566:
8543:
8537:
8531:
8525:
8512:
8506:
8505:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8475:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8410:
8404:
8403:
8374:
8368:
8367:
8339:
8328:
8327:
8304:Hormone Research
8298:
8292:
8291:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8236:
8230:
8229:
8209:
8203:
8202:
8182:
8169:
8168:
8140:
8129:
8128:
8110:
8086:
8080:
8079:
8073:
8065:
8039:
8033:
8032:
8012:
8006:
8005:
7977:
7968:
7967:
7943:
7937:
7936:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7893:
7887:
7886:
7866:
7860:
7859:
7827:
7821:
7820:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7757:
7751:
7750:
7740:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7673:
7667:
7666:
7632:
7626:
7625:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7444:
7438:
7437:
7417:
7411:
7410:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7355:
7349:
7348:
7311:
7302:
7301:
7291:
7267:
7254:
7253:
7225:
7219:
7218:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7097:
7091:
7090:
7062:
7056:
7055:
7045:
7035:
7011:
7005:
7004:
6994:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6945:
6913:
6902:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6888:. Archived from
6876:
6870:
6869:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6822:
6816:
6815:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6754:
6743:
6742:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6645:
6636:(8): 3353β3358.
6621:
6615:
6614:
6604:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6469:
6463:
6462:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6306:
6297:
6296:
6268:
6257:
6256:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6150:
6141:
6140:
6120:
6111:
6110:
6090:
6059:
6058:
6036:
5993:
5992:
5985:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5953:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5927:
5917:nctr-crs.fda.gov
5909:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5887:
5872:
5871:
5835:
5710:, a large-scale
5611:
5607:
5602:
5598:
5571:Feminine Forever
5562:Robert A. Wilson
5546:in 1941, in the
5487:
5486:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5397:
5396:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5358:
5245:
5241:
5031:
5027:
5004:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4944:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4793:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4713:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4648:
4625:pharmacokinetics
4578:Pharmacokinetics
4559:radioimmunoassay
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4460:
4452:
4365:Ethinylestradiol
4139:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4041:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4003:
3992:
3989:
3980:
3977:
3966:
3963:
3952:
3949:
3937:
3876:Chlorotrianisene
3776:DES dipropionate
3651:Ethinylestradiol
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3014:
3001:
2990:
2986:
2974:Relative potency
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2916:Ethinylestradiol
2807:ethinylestradiol
2686:Pharmacodynamics
2624:: See template.
2461:0.94 (0.85β1.03)
2459:0.96 (0.88β1.04)
2410:
2405:
2362:
2357:
2343:1.12 (0.90β1.40)
2341:1.18 (0.98β1.42)
2338:
2333:
2265:
2261:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
1968:+2 / 10,000 PYs
1942:+3 / 10,000 PYs
1933:β1 / 10,000 PYs
1884:β7 / 10,000 PYs
1875:β5 / 10,000 PYs
1847:β1 / 10,000 PYs
1828:+1 / 10,000 PYs
1819:β7 / 10,000 PYs
1800:β6 / 10,000 PYs
1791:+8 / 10,000 PYs
1772:+8 / 10,000 PYs
1744:+4 / 10,000 PYs
1707:+8 / 10,000 PYs
1688:β3 / 10,000 PYs
1679:+6 / 10,000 PYs
1660:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1604:
1593:
1589:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1538:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1424:yeast infections
1418:The most common
1410:, among others.
1402:of CEEs include
1293:
1253:4 mg 1x/4 weeks
1237:
1232:
1228:
1110:Ethinylestradiol
1072:0.9β1.25 mg/day
1056:0.9β1.25 mg/day
974:
967:
960:
953:
945:
811:
702:of CEEs include
585:
584:
573:
562:
551:
550:
536:
534:
519:
499:
479:
459:
439:
419:
399:
389:
388:
374:
334:
322:
300:
296:
253:
246:
243:
221:
158:
70:
55:
48:
46:
42:
21:
13340:
13339:
13335:
13334:
13333:
13331:
13330:
13329:
13250:
13249:
13248:
13238:
13236:
13228:
13226:
13221:
13181:
13160:
13124:
12940:
12926:
12760:7Ξ²-Hydroxy-DHEA
12743:
12579:Levormeloxifene
12409:
12402:
12396:
12312:deoxymiroestrol
12180:-hinokiresinol)
11818:Methallenestril
11720:Doisynolic acid
11521:Methylestradiol
11036:7Ξ±-Hydroxy-DHEA
10927:
10917:
10909:
10879:
10874:
10848:
10833:Clinical trials
10808:
10769:
10668:
10659:fluoxymesterone
10621:
10560:
10451:
10442:
10435:
10431:
10408:
10402:
10393:
10341:
10300:Methallenestril
10177:Methylestradiol
10143:Estrone sulfate
9945:
9926:
9917:
9887:
9882:
9873:Estrone sulfate
9831:
9618:
9547:
9542:
9504:
9499:
9334:(in Japanese).
9272:(21): 904β914.
9081:(9S): 18Sβ24S.
9002:
9000:Further reading
8997:
8996:
8981:
8977:
8968:
8967:
8963:
8954:
8953:
8949:
8942:
8935:
8922:
8921:
8917:
8907:
8905:
8901:
8894:
8890:
8889:
8885:
8851:
8845:
8841:
8826:
8822:
8791:
8787:
8756:
8752:
8745:
8729:
8725:
8712:(55): 500β510.
8702:
8698:
8661:
8657:
8626:
8622:
8613:
8612:
8608:
8594:
8592:
8574:
8570:
8560:
8544:
8540:
8532:
8528:
8523:Wayback Machine
8513:
8509:
8500:
8499:
8495:
8476:
8467:
8438:
8434:
8427:
8411:
8407:
8386:(10): 4857β70.
8375:
8371:
8340:
8331:
8299:
8295:
8264:
8260:
8253:
8237:
8233:
8226:
8210:
8206:
8199:
8183:
8172:
8141:
8132:
8087:
8083:
8067:
8066:
8062:
8040:
8036:
8029:
8013:
8009:
7978:
7971:
7944:
7940:
7933:
7911:
7907:
7894:
7890:
7883:
7867:
7863:
7828:
7824:
7793:
7789:
7758:
7754:
7709:
7705:
7674:
7670:
7655:
7633:
7629:
7598:
7594:
7563:
7559:
7552:
7536:
7532:
7525:
7499:
7495:
7488:
7472:
7468:
7461:
7445:
7441:
7434:
7418:
7414:
7401:(21): 1388β92.
7391:
7387:
7356:
7352:
7312:
7305:
7268:
7257:
7226:
7222:
7212:
7196:
7192:
7185:
7169:
7165:
7158:
7142:
7138:
7098:
7094:
7063:
7059:
7012:
7008:
6963:
6959:
6914:
6905:
6895:
6893:
6878:
6877:
6873:
6866:
6850:
6846:
6839:
6823:
6819:
6806:
6802:
6795:
6769:
6765:
6756:
6755:
6746:
6739:
6723:
6719:
6712:
6696:
6692:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6622:
6618:
6581:
6577:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6547:
6543:
6536:
6520:
6516:
6506:
6504:
6496:
6495:
6491:
6481:
6479:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6426:
6422:
6383:
6379:
6340:
6336:
6329:
6307:
6300:
6269:
6260:
6221:
6217:
6178:
6174:
6167:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6091:
6062:
6055:
6037:
5996:
5987:
5986:
5975:
5965:
5963:
5955:
5954:
5935:
5925:
5923:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5875:
5836:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5745:
5736:
5696:
5688:
5682:
5609:
5600:
5585:
5580:
5501:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5474:Ξ-17Ξ²-Estradiol
5472:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5449:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5430:
5428:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5388:
5339:of the steroid
5277:
5263:
5193:Equilin sulfate
5105:Estrone sulfate
5032:
5029:
5018:
5009:
5001:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4970:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4801:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4674:
4586:
4580:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4505:
4492:
4479:
4441:
4328:Equilin sulfate
4256:Estrone sulfate
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4029:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3969:
3964:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3901:Methallenestril
3726:Methylestradiol
3603:Estrone sulfate
3406:
3327:Ξ-17Ξ²-Estradiol
3303:Ξ-17Ξ²-Estradiol
3247:Ξ-17Ξ±-Estradiol
3219:Ξ-17Ξ²-Estradiol
3107:Ξ-17Ξ±-Estradiol
3011:
3003:
2992:
2988:
2975:
2966:
2947:
2805:estrogens like
2801:, similarly to
2786:, have greater
2728:equilin sulfate
2709:estrone sulfate
2694:
2688:
2683:
2668:cytochrome P450
2657:
2651:
2639:
2633:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2401:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2334:
2329:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2263:
2239:
1658:
1648:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1606:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1556:
1546:effect on risk
1545:
1534:
1533:
1498:
1481:
1468:
1416:
1397:
1391:
1352:
1334:
1332:Available forms
1285:1.5 mg 1x/week
1230:
1168:Transdermal gel
1066:0.3β0.45 mg/day
1050:0.3β0.45 mg/day
1042:1.8β3.6 mg/day
1036:0.45β0.9 mg/day
971:
922:prostate cancer
888:hypoestrogenism
858:prostate cancer
822:hormone therapy
818:
809:
716:fluid retention
643:equilin sulfate
639:estrone sulfate
580:
578:
554:
530:
522:
502:
482:
462:
442:
422:
402:
385:
377:
336:
330:
320:
298:
284:Protein binding
274:Bioavailability
266:Pharmacokinetic
260:
251:
225:
165:
99:Equilin sulfate
87:Estrone sulfate
76:
73:Equilin sulfate
61:
58:Estrone sulfate
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13338:
13328:
13327:
13322:
13317:
13315:Sulfate esters
13312:
13307:
13302:
13297:
13292:
13290:Horse products
13287:
13282:
13277:
13272:
13267:
13262:
13247:
13246:
13223:
13222:
13220:
13219:
13214:
13209:
13204:
13199:
13194:
13190:
13187:
13186:
13183:
13182:
13180:
13179:
13174:
13168:
13166:
13162:
13161:
13159:
13158:
13153:
13148:
13143:
13138:
13132:
13130:
13126:
13125:
13123:
13122:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13077:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13050:Hydroxytyrosol
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12952:
12950:
12943:
12932:
12931:
12928:
12927:
12925:
12924:
12915:
12914:
12905:
12904:
12899:
12894:
12889:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12849:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12765:Chloroindazole
12762:
12757:
12751:
12749:
12745:
12744:
12742:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12684:Spironolactone
12681:
12676:
12671:
12666:
12661:
12656:
12651:
12646:
12641:
12636:
12631:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12415:
12413:
12398:
12397:
12395:
12394:
12385:Others (e.g.,
12383:
12333:
12319:
12305:
12275:
12257:
12235:
12193:
12183:
12161:
12156:
12113:liquiritigenin
12022:
12008:
11986:
11960:Xenoestrogens:
11956:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11931:
11930:
11925:
11920:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11900:
11895:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11833:Paroxypropione
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11802:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11783:
11782:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11757:
11752:
11747:
11745:Estrobin (DBE)
11742:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11701:
11700:
11690:
11689:
11688:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11636:Allenolic acid
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11594:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11541:Norethisterone
11538:
11533:
11531:Mytatrienediol
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11476:Ethylestradiol
11473:
11471:Ethinylestriol
11468:
11467:
11466:
11461:
11451:
11450:
11449:
11439:
11434:
11433:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11420:Estrone esters
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11396:
11395:
11390:
11388:Estriol esters
11380:
11375:
11373:Estrapronicate
11370:
11365:
11360:
11359:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11264:
11263:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11198:
11193:
11191:Alestramustine
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11091:16-Ketoestrone
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10939:
10937:
10930:
10919:
10918:
10908:
10907:
10900:
10893:
10885:
10876:
10875:
10873:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10846:
10845:
10844:
10841:
10830:
10824:
10818:
10817:
10814:
10813:
10810:
10809:
10807:
10806:
10801:
10792:
10791:
10786:
10777:
10775:
10771:
10770:
10768:
10767:
10737:
10720:
10703:
10696:chlorpromazine
10684:metoclopramide
10666:
10662:
10631:
10629:
10623:
10622:
10620:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10600:
10599:
10594:
10585:
10584:
10579:
10570:
10568:
10562:
10561:
10559:
10558:
10549:
10548:
10543:
10534:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10457:
10455:
10420:
10414:
10413:
10410:
10409:
10407:
10406:
10382:
10362:
10351:
10349:
10343:
10342:
10340:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10317:Paroxypropione
10314:
10313:
10312:
10302:
10297:
10296:
10295:
10285:
10280:
10279:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10258:
10253:
10252:
10251:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10222:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10205:
10204:
10199:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10163:
10162:
10152:
10151:
10150:
10145:
10138:Estrone esters
10135:
10130:
10125:
10114:Estriol esters
10111:
10106:
10101:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
9999:norethisterone
9991:
9960:
9951:
9949:
9934:
9928:
9927:
9916:
9915:
9908:
9901:
9893:
9884:
9883:
9881:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9839:
9837:
9833:
9832:
9830:
9829:
9824:
9822:Estrogen ester
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9628:
9626:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9555:
9553:
9549:
9548:
9541:
9540:
9533:
9526:
9518:
9512:
9511:
9503:
9502:External links
9500:
9498:
9497:
9471:(8): 696β724.
9459:
9422:
9385:
9359:(3): 334β337.
9348:
9327:
9290:
9261:
9224:
9203:
9182:
9145:
9119:(4): 386β393.
9107:
9070:
9044:(4): 271β274.
9033:
9015:(4): 396β416.
9003:
9001:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8975:
8961:
8947:
8933:
8915:
8883:
8839:
8834:New York Times
8820:
8801:(6): 572β580.
8785:
8750:
8743:
8723:
8696:
8675:(2): 207β222.
8655:
8636:(6): 547β557.
8620:
8606:
8568:
8558:
8538:
8526:
8507:
8493:
8465:
8452:(2): 663β669.
8432:
8425:
8405:
8369:
8329:
8293:
8274:(4): 321β326.
8258:
8251:
8231:
8224:
8204:
8197:
8170:
8130:
8081:
8060:
8034:
8027:
8007:
7988:(6): 668β677.
7969:
7958:(4): 399β407.
7938:
7931:
7905:
7888:
7881:
7861:
7822:
7787:
7752:
7703:
7668:
7653:
7627:
7608:(s51): 48β61.
7592:
7557:
7550:
7530:
7523:
7493:
7486:
7466:
7459:
7439:
7432:
7412:
7385:
7366:(3): 199β214.
7350:
7323:(4): 243β250.
7303:
7255:
7236:(2): 126β146.
7220:
7210:
7190:
7183:
7163:
7156:
7136:
7109:(1): 124β131.
7092:
7073:(3): 151β157.
7057:
7006:
6957:
6928:(5): 267β272.
6903:
6871:
6864:
6844:
6837:
6817:
6800:
6793:
6763:
6744:
6737:
6717:
6710:
6690:
6676:
6657:
6616:
6595:(2): 162β171.
6575:
6561:
6541:
6534:
6514:
6489:
6464:
6420:
6393:(7): 769β783.
6377:
6350:(4): 331β338.
6334:
6327:
6298:
6258:
6215:
6188:(8): 941β954.
6172:
6165:
6142:
6135:
6112:
6105:
6060:
6053:
5994:
5973:
5933:
5904:
5873:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5748:Animal welfare
5744:
5743:Animal welfare
5741:
5735:
5732:
5712:clinical trial
5695:
5694:Health effects
5692:
5681:
5678:
5650:United Kingdom
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5552:United Kingdom
5500:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5482:
5481:
5400:
5399:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5289:. They are in
5271:Estrogen ester
5262:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5254:See template.
5233:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4977:
4969:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4946:
4941:
4940:
4939:See template.
4929:
4928:
4919:
4910:
4901:
4892:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4869:
4856:
4843:
4820:
4807:
4795:
4794:
4775:
4756:
4745:
4734:
4723:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4699:
4689:
4684:
4681:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4608:mainly in the
4579:
4576:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4530:liver proteins
4473:= Decrease in
4448:Abbreviations:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4125:
4115:
4105:
4086:
4076:
4066:
4056:
4046:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3981:
3967:
3953:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:See template.
3351:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3008:
2997:
2981:
2972:
2960:
2959:Proportion (%)
2957:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2831:cardiovascular
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2650:
2647:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2347:
2346:
2339:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:See template.
2131:Abbreviations:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1640:
1630:
1620:
1609:
1598:
1597:
1578:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1460:cardiovascular
1456:thromboembolic
1448:levonorgestrel
1432:painful menses
1415:
1412:
1390:
1387:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:See template.
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:0.5 mg 1x/week
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:0.5 mg 2x/week
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:0.9β1.8 mg/day
1037:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
997:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
970:
969:
962:
955:
947:
935:in women with
933:limit bleeding
926:postmenopausal
826:postmenopausal
817:
814:
587:
586:
575:
574:
564:
556:
555:
553:
552:
539:
537:
524:
523:
521:
520:
512:
510:
504:
503:
501:
500:
492:
490:
484:
483:
481:
480:
472:
470:
464:
463:
461:
460:
452:
450:
444:
443:
441:
440:
432:
430:
424:
423:
421:
420:
412:
410:
404:
403:
401:
400:
392:
390:
379:
378:
376:
375:
367:
365:
359:
358:
354:
353:
348:
342:
341:
324:
315:
314:
309:
303:
302:
286:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
262:
261:
259:
258:
255:
240:
238:
232:
231:
227:
226:
224:
223:
210:
208:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
168:
166:administration
160:
159:
152:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
81:Combination of
78:
77:
71:
63:
62:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13337:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13316:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13301:
13298:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13271:
13268:
13266:
13263:
13261:
13258:
13257:
13255:
13245:
13235:
13234:
13231:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13208:
13205:
13203:
13200:
13198:
13195:
13192:
13191:
13188:
13178:
13175:
13173:
13170:
13169:
13167:
13163:
13157:
13154:
13152:
13149:
13147:
13144:
13142:
13139:
13137:
13134:
13133:
13131:
13127:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13085:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13000:
12996:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12953:
12951:
12947:
12944:
12939:
12933:
12923:
12920:
12917:
12916:
12913:
12910:
12907:
12906:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12817:
12813:
12809:
12805:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12752:
12750:
12746:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12664:Pipendoxifene
12662:
12660:
12657:
12655:
12652:
12650:
12647:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12499:Clomifenoxide
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12474:Brilanestrant
12472:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12414:
12408:
12399:
12392:
12388:
12384:
12381:
12377:
12373:
12369:
12365:
12361:
12357:
12353:
12349:
12345:
12341:
12337:
12334:
12331:
12327:
12323:
12320:
12317:
12313:
12310:-like (e.g.,
12309:
12306:
12303:
12299:
12295:
12291:
12287:
12283:
12279:
12276:
12273:
12269:
12265:
12261:
12258:
12255:
12254:guggulsterone
12251:
12247:
12243:
12239:
12238:Phytosteroids
12236:
12233:
12229:
12225:
12221:
12217:
12213:
12209:
12205:
12201:
12197:
12194:
12191:
12187:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12173:
12172:enterolactone
12169:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12154:
12150:
12146:
12142:
12138:
12134:
12130:
12126:
12122:
12118:
12114:
12110:
12106:
12102:
12098:
12094:
12090:
12086:
12082:
12078:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12050:
12046:
12042:
12038:
12034:
12030:
12026:
12023:
12020:
12016:
12012:
12009:
12006:
12005:wedelolactone
12002:
11998:
11994:
11990:
11987:
11984:
11983:photoanethole
11980:
11976:
11972:
11968:
11964:
11961:
11958:
11957:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11933:
11932:
11929:
11926:
11924:
11921:
11919:
11916:
11914:
11911:
11909:
11906:
11904:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11838:Pentafluranol
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11803:
11801:
11799:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11781:
11778:
11777:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11699:
11696:
11695:
11694:
11691:
11687:
11684:
11683:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11598:Nonsteroidal:
11596:
11595:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11456:
11455:
11452:
11448:
11447:Ethandrostate
11445:
11444:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11417:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11385:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11343:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11300:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11262:
11259:
11258:
11257:
11256:Cloxestradiol
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11226:
11222:
11218:
11214:
11210:
11206:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11136:
11132:
11131:17Ξ±-Estradiol
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10941:
10940:
10938:
10934:
10931:
10926:
10920:
10916:
10913:
10906:
10901:
10899:
10894:
10892:
10887:
10886:
10883:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10819:
10815:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10794:
10793:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10779:
10778:
10776:
10772:
10765:
10761:
10757:
10753:
10749:
10745:
10741:
10738:
10735:
10731:
10727:
10721:
10718:
10714:
10710:
10704:
10701:
10697:
10693:
10689:
10685:
10681:
10677:
10673:
10670:
10663:
10660:
10656:
10652:
10648:
10644:
10640:
10636:
10633:
10632:
10630:
10628:
10624:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10602:
10601:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10587:
10586:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10567:
10563:
10557:
10554:
10551:
10550:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10536:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10456:
10450:
10441:
10430:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10418:Antiestrogens
10415:
10401:
10392:
10386:
10385:Gonadotropins
10383:
10380:
10376:
10375:(gonadorelin)
10369:
10363:
10360:
10356:
10355:Antiandrogens
10353:
10352:
10350:
10348:
10344:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10311:
10308:
10307:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10294:
10291:
10290:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10263:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10250:
10247:
10246:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10226:Nonsteroidal:
10224:
10223:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10194:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10161:
10158:
10157:
10156:
10153:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10140:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10123:
10119:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10099:
10095:
10091:
10087:
10083:
10079:
10075:
10071:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10012:
10008:
10004:
10000:
9996:
9992:
9989:
9985:
9981:
9977:
9973:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9953:
9952:
9950:
9944:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9929:
9925:
9924:antiestrogens
9921:
9914:
9909:
9907:
9902:
9900:
9895:
9894:
9891:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9834:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9629:
9627:
9625:
9621:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9550:
9546:
9539:
9534:
9532:
9527:
9525:
9520:
9519:
9516:
9509:
9506:
9505:
9494:
9490:
9486:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9470:
9466:
9460:
9456:
9452:
9448:
9444:
9440:
9436:
9432:
9428:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9411:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9395:
9391:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9374:
9370:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9354:
9349:
9345:
9341:
9337:
9333:
9328:
9324:
9320:
9316:
9312:
9308:
9304:
9300:
9296:
9291:
9287:
9283:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9268:(in German).
9267:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9230:
9225:
9221:
9217:
9213:
9209:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9188:
9183:
9179:
9175:
9171:
9167:
9163:
9159:
9155:
9151:
9146:
9142:
9138:
9134:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9076:
9071:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9039:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9005:
9004:
8990:
8986:
8979:
8971:
8965:
8957:
8951:
8940:
8938:
8929:
8925:
8919:
8900:
8893:
8887:
8879:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8861:
8857:
8850:
8843:
8835:
8831:
8824:
8816:
8812:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8796:
8789:
8781:
8777:
8773:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8754:
8746:
8740:
8736:
8735:
8727:
8719:
8715:
8711:
8707:
8700:
8692:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8659:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8631:
8624:
8616:
8610:
8603:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8572:
8565:
8561:
8555:
8551:
8550:
8542:
8536:
8530:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8511:
8503:
8497:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8474:
8472:
8470:
8460:
8455:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8436:
8428:
8422:
8418:
8417:
8409:
8401:
8397:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8381:
8380:Endocrinology
8373:
8365:
8361:
8357:
8353:
8349:
8345:
8338:
8336:
8334:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8297:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8262:
8254:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8235:
8227:
8221:
8217:
8216:
8208:
8200:
8194:
8190:
8189:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8175:
8166:
8162:
8158:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8145:Contraception
8139:
8137:
8135:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8100:
8096:
8092:
8085:
8077:
8071:
8063:
8057:
8053:
8049:
8045:
8038:
8030:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8011:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7976:
7974:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7953:
7949:
7942:
7934:
7928:
7924:
7920:
7916:
7909:
7901:
7900:
7892:
7884:
7878:
7874:
7873:
7865:
7858:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7838:(s6): 1β121.
7837:
7833:
7826:
7818:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7803:(2): 175β91.
7802:
7798:
7791:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7768:(2): 121β39.
7767:
7763:
7756:
7748:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7707:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7679:
7672:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7631:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7611:
7607:
7603:
7596:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7553:
7547:
7543:
7542:
7534:
7526:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7497:
7489:
7483:
7479:
7478:
7470:
7462:
7456:
7452:
7451:
7443:
7435:
7429:
7425:
7424:
7416:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7397:(in German).
7396:
7389:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7354:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7310:
7308:
7299:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7224:
7217:
7213:
7207:
7203:
7202:
7194:
7186:
7180:
7176:
7175:
7167:
7159:
7153:
7149:
7148:
7147:The Menopause
7140:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7096:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7067:Blood Reviews
7061:
7053:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7010:
7002:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6961:
6953:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6919:
6912:
6910:
6908:
6891:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6867:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6848:
6840:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6821:
6813:
6812:
6804:
6796:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6767:
6759:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6740:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6721:
6713:
6707:
6703:
6702:
6694:
6679:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6661:
6653:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6620:
6612:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6564:
6558:
6554:
6553:
6545:
6537:
6531:
6528:. CRC Press.
6527:
6526:
6518:
6503:
6499:
6493:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6381:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6338:
6330:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6305:
6303:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6219:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6176:
6168:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6149:
6147:
6138:
6132:
6128:
6127:
6119:
6117:
6108:
6102:
6098:
6097:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6056:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5990:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5892:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5769:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5740:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5720:heart attacks
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5638:United States
5633:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5599:
5593:
5589:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5548:United States
5545:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5522:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5418:17Ξ±-Estradiol
5412:
5411:17Ξ²-Estradiol
5405:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5373:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5349:17Ξ±-estradiol
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5293:form, as the
5292:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5253:
5249:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5039:17Ξ²-Estradiol
5037:
5036:
5028:
5020:
5012:
4993:
4983:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4870:
4857:
4844:
4821:
4808:
4805:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4776:
4757:
4746:
4735:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4700:
4690:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4555:
4540:See template.
4539:
4535:
4534:gonadotropins
4531:
4504:
4491:
4478:
4468:
4464:
4463:proliferation
4456:
4449:
4445:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4042:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4006:
3988:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3418:
3410:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3334:Small amounts
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:17Ξ²-Estradiol
3269:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:17Ξ±-Estradiol
3129:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3006:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:17Ξ±-estradiol
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:responses in
2836:
2835:proliferative
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:hip fractures
2195:
2191:
2187:
2186:breast cancer
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:Global index
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Hip fractures
1860:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Breast cancer
1776:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1647:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1605:
1599:
1590:
1582:
1571:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1544:Hypothesized
1539:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:breast cancer
1401:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:2.5β10 ΞΌg/day
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
975:
968:
963:
961:
956:
954:
949:
948:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
917:
913:
910:treatment of
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
874:
870:
866:
865:United States
861:
859:
855:
854:breast cancer
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
813:
807:
803:
799:
796:
792:
791:United States
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:breast cancer
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
583:
576:
572:
568:
565:
563:
561:ECHA InfoCard
557:
549:
545:
544:DTXSID9021186
541:
540:
538:
529:
525:
518:
517:ChEMBL1201649
514:
513:
511:
509:
505:
498:
494:
493:
491:
489:
485:
478:
474:
473:
471:
469:
465:
458:
454:
453:
451:
449:
445:
438:
434:
433:
431:
429:
425:
418:
414:
413:
411:
409:
405:
398:
394:
393:
391:
384:
380:
373:
369:
368:
366:
364:
360:
355:
352:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:): 14.8 hours
328:
325:
323:
316:
313:
310:
308:
304:
297:
291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
256:
254:
242:
241:
239:
237:
233:
228:
220:
215:
212:
211:
209:
207:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
167:
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
129:
125:
122:Clinical data
120:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
102:
100:
96:
93:
90:
88:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
12918:
12908:
12832:Mepitiostane
12780:Epitiostanol
12649:Ormeloxifene
12574:Lasofoxifene
12484:Camizestrant
12479:Broparestrol
12469:Bazedoxifene
12391:rotundifuran
12340:alkylphenols
12290:Ξ²-zearalenol
12286:Ξ±-zearalenol
12272:stigmasterol
12264:Ξ²-sitosterol
12260:Phytosterols
12228:triclocarban
12224:methoxychlor
12177:
12159:Lavender oil
12153:tectorigenin
12085:formononetin
11959:
11934:
11805:
11797:
11597:
11581:Quinestradol
11571:Promestriene
11546:Noretynodrel
11410:Estromustine
11363:Estramustine
11298:
11272:
11205:testosterone
10942:
10795:
10780:
10740:Progestogens
10643:testosterone
10603:
10588:
10582:Testolactone
10573:
10552:
10537:
10511:Ormeloxifene
10506:Mepitiostane
10501:Lasofoxifene
10496:Epitiostanol
10476:Broparestrol
10471:Bazedoxifene
10359:bicalutamide
10225:
10214:Quinestradol
10209:Promestriene
10031:
10003:noretynodrel
9984:metandienone
9972:testosterone
9954:
9862:
9468:
9464:
9430:
9426:
9396:(1): 45β56.
9393:
9389:
9356:
9352:
9335:
9331:
9298:
9294:
9269:
9265:
9232:
9228:
9211:
9207:
9190:
9186:
9153:
9149:
9116:
9112:
9078:
9074:
9041:
9037:
9012:
9008:
8988:
8978:
8964:
8950:
8928:the original
8918:
8906:. Retrieved
8899:the original
8886:
8859:
8855:
8842:
8833:
8823:
8798:
8794:
8788:
8763:
8759:
8753:
8733:
8726:
8709:
8705:
8699:
8672:
8668:
8658:
8633:
8629:
8623:
8609:
8600:
8593:. Retrieved
8581:
8571:
8563:
8548:
8541:
8529:
8516:Osteoporosis
8510:
8496:
8487:
8483:
8449:
8445:
8435:
8415:
8408:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8347:
8343:
8310:(2): 61β68.
8307:
8303:
8296:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8241:
8234:
8214:
8207:
8187:
8151:(2): 59β69.
8148:
8144:
8098:
8094:
8084:
8043:
8037:
8017:
8010:
7985:
7981:
7955:
7951:
7941:
7914:
7908:
7898:
7891:
7871:
7864:
7855:
7835:
7831:
7825:
7800:
7796:
7790:
7765:
7761:
7755:
7723:(1): 74β81.
7720:
7716:
7706:
7681:
7677:
7671:
7636:
7630:
7605:
7601:
7595:
7570:
7566:
7560:
7540:
7533:
7506:
7496:
7476:
7469:
7449:
7442:
7422:
7415:
7398:
7394:
7388:
7363:
7359:
7353:
7320:
7316:
7279:
7275:
7233:
7229:
7223:
7215:
7200:
7193:
7173:
7166:
7146:
7139:
7106:
7102:
7095:
7070:
7066:
7060:
7023:
7019:
7009:
6977:(1): 25β31.
6974:
6970:
6960:
6925:
6921:
6894:. Retrieved
6890:the original
6883:
6874:
6854:
6847:
6827:
6820:
6810:
6803:
6776:
6766:
6727:
6720:
6700:
6693:
6681:. Retrieved
6666:
6660:
6633:
6629:
6619:
6592:
6588:
6578:
6566:. Retrieved
6551:
6544:
6524:
6517:
6505:. Retrieved
6501:
6492:
6480:. Retrieved
6476:
6467:
6437:(1): 73β85.
6434:
6430:
6423:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6347:
6343:
6337:
6310:
6276:
6272:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6185:
6181:
6175:
6155:
6125:
6095:
6044:
5964:. Retrieved
5960:
5924:. Retrieved
5916:
5907:
5895:. Retrieved
5843:
5839:
5746:
5737:
5697:
5689:
5680:Availability
5674:medrogestone
5666:South Africa
5656:, Premia in
5634:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5592:generic name
5587:
5586:
5569:
5559:gynecologist
5556:
5541:
5525:
5502:
5333:double bonds
5309:bioidentical
5300:of the C17Ξ²
5278:
5251:
5248:testosterone
5236:
4936:
4932:
4860:+29β55 pg/mL
4847:+13β29 pg/mL
4753:+35β58 pg/mL
4633:
4629:
4614:
4587:
4564:
4537:
4461:= Increased
4447:
4443:
3947:
3935:
3372:
3354:
2912:
2908:progestogens
2847:
2821:has shown a
2796:bioidentical
2794:relative to
2776:animal model
2758:and then of
2733:
2681:Pharmacology
2658:
2649:Interactions
2640:
2621:
2620:< 0.01).
2617:
2609:
2606:progesterone
2603:Bioidentical
2586:
2205:
2168:(n) include
2166:Sample sizes
2162:
2155:personβyears
2147:hazard ratio
2134:
2130:
1586:
1558:
1420:side effects
1417:
1414:Side effects
1398:
1353:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1282:1 mg 1x/week
1180:1β1.5 mg/day
1069:0.625 mg/day
1053:0.625 mg/day
1020:0.5β1 mg/day
1004:0.5β1 mg/day
929:osteoporosis
892:hypogonadism
862:
846:osteoporosis
842:hysterectomy
830:hysterectomy
819:
816:Medical uses
795:bioidentical
780:
740:progesterone
700:Side effects
698:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
579:
340:: 11.4 hours
329:: 26.7 hours
319:Elimination
236:Legal status
230:Legal status
40:
13177:Zearalenone
13129:Antagonists
13105:Resveratrol
13070:Nonylphenol
13065:Niacinamide
12981:Bisphenol A
12971:Aldosterone
12800:Glyceollins
12748:Antagonists
12739:Zuclomifene
12734:Zindoxifene
12644:NNC 45-1506
12639:NNC 45-0781
12634:NNC 45-0320
12629:NNC 45-0095
12624:Nitromifene
12604:Miproxifene
12554:Fispemifene
12529:Enclomifene
12524:Droloxifene
12504:CN-55945-27
12449:Afimoxifene
12439:Acefluranol
12330:rhaponticin
12326:resveratrol
12322:Stilbenoids
12294:zearalenone
12282:zearalanone
12268:campesterol
12200:alternariol
12133:pinocembrin
12077:epicatechin
12049:biochanin A
11989:Chalconoids
11883:Terfluranol
11858:Quadrosilan
11730:Elacestrant
11631:Allenestrol
11506:Lynestrenol
11430:Estropipate
11400:Estrofurate
11251:Clomestrone
11231:Atrimustine
11181:Abiraterone
11135:alfatradiol
10829:from market
10726:antagonists
10713:leuprorelin
10692:haloperidol
10688:risperidone
10680:domperidone
10672:antagonists
10655:oxandrolone
10607:Anastrozole
10546:Fulvestrant
10541:Elacestrant
10491:Enclomifene
10434:antagonists
10379:leuprorelin
10322:Quadrosilan
10098:Climacteron
10017:Clomestrone
9958:Alfatradiol
9295:Climacteric
9156:(1): 6β16.
8908:20 February
8490:(8): 46β52.
8350:(1): 5β25.
6896:20 February
6344:Climacteric
6225:Climacteric
5897:19 February
5840:Climacteric
5724:blood clots
5662:New Zealand
5532:hot flashes
5319:as well as
4918:10500 pg/mL
4916:19000 pg/mL
4914:24000 pg/mL
4887:Intravenous
4636:metabolized
4604:, they are
4455:hot flashes
3979:Dosed daily
2843:endometrium
2724:active form
2722:, the main
2705:active form
2703:, the main
2677:with CEEs.
2473:progestogen
2445:Transdermal
2251:Medications
1554:progestogen
1379:intravenous
1220:0.5 mg/day
1183:2β3 mg/day
1162:100 ΞΌg/day
1141:600 ΞΌg/day
1126:Nasal spray
1117:5β20 ΞΌg/day
1104:4β8 mg/day
1082:0.75 mg/day
1078:Estropipate
1026:2β4 mg/day
1010:2β4 mg/day
896:ovariectomy
838:progestogen
834:hot flashes
744:blood clots
736:progestogen
708:enlargement
567:100.031.987
357:Identifiers
137:Other names
128:Trade names
13254:Categories
13120:Tectoridin
13100:Raloxifene
13075:Oleuropein
12922:Trilostane
12867:Prochloraz
12827:MDL-101906
12822:ICI-164384
12709:Trioxifene
12704:Toremifene
12674:Raloxifene
12659:Panomifene
12654:Ospemifene
12619:Nafoxidine
12509:Cyclofenil
12464:Arzoxifene
12444:Acolbifene
12376:phthalates
12344:bisphenols
12316:miroestrol
12220:methiocarb
12208:endosulfan
12196:Pesticides
12168:enterodiol
12149:tectoridin
12129:penduletin
12125:naringenin
12109:kaempferol
12025:Flavonoids
12019:psoralidin
12015:coumestrol
12011:Coumestans
11975:dianethole
11928:WAY-214156
11918:WAY-200070
11913:WAY-169916
11908:WAY-166818
11878:SKF-82,958
11843:Phenestrol
11823:Methestrol
11808:-Hexestrol
11800:-Butestrol
11681:Dienestrol
11661:Carbestrol
11646:Bifluranol
11641:Benzestrol
11586:Quinestrol
11536:Nilestriol
11378:Estrazinol
11311:Epimestrol
11301:-Estradiol
11283:Cyclotriol
11221:nandrolone
11196:Almestrone
11031:7-Oxo-DHEA
10943:Steroidal:
10915:modulators
10789:Gestrinone
10730:cetrorelix
10612:Exemestane
10597:Formestane
10556:Trilostane
10531:Toremifene
10521:Raloxifene
10516:Ospemifene
10486:Cyclofenil
10461:Acolbifene
10244:Dienestrol
10234:Bifluranol
10229:Benzestrol
10219:Quinestrol
10187:Nilestriol
10042:Epimestrol
10037:Epiestriol
9995:progestins
9955:Steroidal:
8595:7 February
6758:"Premarin"
5926:22 October
5764:References
5734:Litigation
5684:See also:
5670:norgestrel
5566:menopausal
5265:See also:
5033:(L/day/m)
4912:4500 pg/mL
4909:3100 pg/mL
4907:3500 pg/mL
4905:3000 pg/mL
4866:+110 pg/mL
4755:+160 pg/mL
4606:resulfated
4602:absorption
4594:intestines
4590:hydrolyzed
4582:See also:
3801:Dienestrol
3701:Quinestrol
3686:300β600 ΞΌg
3639:0.625β1.25
3209:0.50β0.75
2690:See also:
2660:Inhibitors
2653:See also:
2635:See also:
2610:Footnotes:
2434:Raloxifene
2255:Odds ratio
2123:0.83β2.66
2115:1.21β3.48
2109:Decreased
2096:0.99β1.77
2088:0.63β1.25
2070:1.10β1.58
2062:0.99β1.34
2044:1.77β2.82
2036:1.61β2.18
2018:1.35β2.06
2010:1.28β1.97
2004:Increased
1992:0.77β1.01
1984:0.67β0.93
1965:1.09β1.12
1956:1.03β1.28
1939:0.91β1.12
1930:0.82β1.18
1924:Decreased
1910:0.64β0.80
1901:0.69β0.83
1895:Decreased
1881:0.45β0.94
1872:0.47β0.96
1866:Decreased
1844:0.48β1.36
1825:0.75β1.55
1816:0.38β0.81
1810:Decreased
1797:0.62β1.04
1788:1.02β1.50
1782:Increased
1769:0.99β1.75
1760:1.57β2.70
1754:Increased
1741:0.90β2.07
1732:1.45β3.11
1726:Increased
1713:1.09β1.73
1704:1.02β1.68
1698:Decreased
1685:0.79β1.15
1676:1.00β1.54
1670:Decreased
1444:progestins
1393:See also:
1336:See also:
1315:Footnotes:
1177:0.5 mg/day
1138:300 ΞΌg/day
1135:150 ΞΌg/day
1101:2β4 mg/day
1098:1β2 mg/day
1085:1.5 mg/day
1023:1β2 mg/day
1007:1β2 mg/day
977:Route/form
937:hemorrhage
908:palliative
666:progestins
660:and fully
637:, such as
497:CHEBI:8389
457:IU5QR144QX
428:ChemSpider
372:12126-59-9
363:CAS Number
307:Metabolism
194:Drug class
13280:Estrogens
13265:Bioethics
13115:Tamoxifen
13095:Quercetin
13035:Genistein
13015:Estradiol
12999:o',p'-DDE
12902:ZK-191703
12897:ZK-164015
12857:Phenytoin
12755:(R,R)-THC
12694:Tamoxifen
12669:Promensil
12594:LY-117018
12569:Idoxifene
12564:ICI-55548
12549:Femarelle
12534:Endoxifen
12494:Clomifene
12250:diosgenin
12246:digitalis
12242:digitoxin
12232:triclosan
12212:fenarimol
12145:quercetin
12121:myricetin
12117:mirificin
12105:glycitein
12097:genistein
12093:glabridin
12053:calycosin
12041:baicalein
11997:phloretin
11953:ZK-283197
11813:Mestilbol
11775:Hexestrol
11750:Fenestrel
11725:Efavirenz
11656:Butestrol
11611:2,8-DHHHC
11606:(S,S)-THC
11601:(R,R)-THC
11556:Pentolame
11551:Orestrate
11526:Moxestrol
11516:Mestranol
11481:Etynodiol
11341:Estradiol
11316:Equilenin
11278:Cyclodiol
11236:Bolandiol
10839:Phase III
10827:Withdrawn
10717:goserelin
10700:sulpiride
10676:prolactin
10635:Androgens
10617:Letrozole
10592:Fadrozole
10526:Tamoxifen
10481:Clomifene
10288:Hexestrol
10182:Moxestrol
10172:Mestranol
10057:Estradiol
9964:androgens
9932:Estrogens
9920:Estrogens
9545:Estradiol
9433:: 16β29.
8989:msnbc.com
8590:0362-4331
8268:Maturitas
8070:cite book
7852:0001-6349
7663:0172-777X
7622:0001-6349
7573:: 47β61.
7360:Maturitas
7317:Menopause
7282:(1): 85.
7276:MedGenMed
7043:1887/5083
6507:7 October
6482:7 October
6387:Menopause
6311:Menopause
6279:: 16β29.
5658:Australia
5554:in 1956.
5467:Ξ-Estrone
5446:Equilenin
5335:in the B
5313:estradiol
5291:conjugate
5279:CEEs are
5261:Chemistry
5215:Ξ-Estrone
4903:800 pg/mL
4868:+40 pg/mL
4864:+50 pg/mL
4862:+45 pg/mL
4858:+20 pg/mL
4855:+32 pg/mL
4853:+27 pg/mL
4851:+25 pg/mL
4849:+17 pg/mL
4789:0.32β0.52
4770:110 pg/mL
4751:+70 pg/mL
4749:+50 pg/mL
4747:+20 pg/mL
4588:CEEs are
4567:ovulation
4287:0.56β1.7
4145:Estradiol
3851:Hexestrol
3692:>80 ΞΌg
3676:Mestranol
3412:Compound
3191:Ξ-Estrone
3187:Equilenin
3159:Ξ-Estrone
3110:13.5β19.5
3082:22.4β30.5
3079:Ξ-Estrone
3054:49.1β61.5
3010:ERΞ± / ERΞ²
2962:Relative
2904:androgens
2880:estradiol
2803:synthetic
2799:estradiol
2760:estradiol
2736:estrogens
2701:Estradiol
2595:QResearch
2488:Estradiol
2469:Estradiol
2450:Estradiol
2282:Estradiol
2141:. p.o. =
2103:Probable
1920:mortality
1891:fractures
1299:Estradiol
1238:injection
1214:30 ΞΌg/day
1198:25 ΞΌg/day
1194:Estradiol
1173:Estradiol
1159:50 ΞΌg/day
1156:25 ΞΌg/day
1152:Estradiol
1131:Estradiol
1088:3 mg/day
1000:Estradiol
884:menopause
873:vasomotor
832:to treat
798:estradiol
772:estradiol
768:estrogens
662:synthetic
633:found in
346:Excretion
331:Estrone (
321:half-life
288:High (to
164:Routes of
150:Drugs.com
13275:Estranes
13244:Medicine
13193:See also
12995:p,p'-DDT
12986:Daidzein
12976:Atrazine
12949:Agonists
12877:RU-58668
12872:RU-39411
12719:U-11555A
12714:TZE-5323
12459:Anordrin
12454:Anordiol
12387:agnuside
12364:parabens
12204:dieldrin
12176:nyasol (
12141:puerarin
12137:prunetin
12101:genistin
12089:glabrene
12061:daidzein
12057:catechin
12045:baicalin
12037:apigenin
11967:anethole
11755:FERb 033
11591:Tibolone
11576:RU-16117
11561:Prodiame
11496:Hippulin
11491:Hexolame
11336:Estetrol
11246:Butolame
10936:Agonists
10851:See also
10734:elagolix
10709:agonists
10669:receptor
10466:Anordrin
10368:agonists
10052:Estetrol
10011:tibolone
9993:Certain
9962:Certain
9948:agonists
9853:Estetrol
9493:11212469
9485:25099693
9447:24176763
9418:24379298
9410:23919270
9381:30468265
9373:22411999
9344:18161134
9323:24616324
9315:16112947
9286:15216975
9257:45552896
9249:12943738
9220:10862264
9199:10862263
9178:45177839
9141:44498140
9103:10159196
8878:16186467
8718:21189221
8691:15845914
8650:23217066
8519:Archived
8400:18599548
8117:29603164
7964:13370006
7817:14902290
7782:15432047
7747:29756046
7698:29603164
7337:10914617
7298:16915215
7250:17443713
7131:22306721
7123:23136837
7087:27998619
7052:15467060
7001:24081194
6952:26327865
6652:24870721
6611:24830593
6502:ClinCalc
6477:ClinCalc
6451:19179815
6415:30292136
6407:24398406
6364:28301216
6293:24176763
6245:25223916
6210:24155838
6202:28664754
5868:24616324
5860:16112947
5516:pregnant
5323:such as
5287:steroids
5252:Sources:
5008:Bound to
5000:Bound to
4976:Compound
4937:Sources:
4873:0.24β1.0
4845:+4 pg/mL
4813:0.625 mg
4811:0.625 mg
4727:0.625 mg
4538:Sources:
4508:levels.
4495:levels.
4433:5.7β7.5
4396:2.9β5.0
4322:1.3β4.5
4035:Estrogen
3714:25β50 ΞΌg
3689:25β30 ΞΌg
3664:20β40 ΞΌg
3642:>3.75
3460:β₯120β300
3373:Sources:
3278:0.56β0.9
2953:Compound
2900:steroids
2872:prodrugs
2829:and the
2740:agonists
2675:interact
2664:inducers
2643:overdose
2631:Overdose
2423:Tibolone
2206:Sources:
2153:. PYs =
2143:per oral
2137:. MPA =
2105:dementia
1974:Diabetes
1581:Estrogen
1550:Estrogen
1446:such as
1436:cramping
1323:Sources:
986:Standard
980:Estrogen
916:advanced
876:symptoms
756:agonists
712:headache
674:by mouth
668:such as
655:pregnant
612:estrogen
608:Premarin
582:(verify)
408:DrugBank
278:Variable
206:ATC code
199:Estrogen
171:By mouth
116:Estrogen
104:Estrogen
92:Estrogen
18:Premarin
13295:Ketones
13165:Unknown
13141:Estriol
13045:GPER-L2
13040:GPER-L1
12724:U-11634
12599:Menerba
12589:LN-2299
12584:LN-1643
12559:GW-7604
12514:D-15413
12346:(e.g.,
12338:(e.g.,
12324:(e.g.,
12308:Steroid
12280:(e.g.,
12262:(e.g.,
12240:(e.g.,
12198:(e.g.,
12190:cadmium
12188:(e.g.,
12166:(e.g.,
12164:Lignans
12065:daidzin
12029:7,8-DHF
12027:(incl.
12013:(e.g.,
11991:(e.g.,
11873:SERBA-2
11868:SC-4289
11863:SC-3296
11770:GTx-758
11666:D-15414
11616:Ξ²-LGND1
11566:Prolame
11415:Estrone
11383:Estriol
11321:Equilin
11203:(e.g.,
11116:16Ξ±-LE2
10784:Danazol
10742:(e.g.,
10728:(e.g.,
10711:(e.g.,
10641:(e.g.,
10436:(incl.
10387:(e.g.,
10370:(e.g.,
10357:(e.g.,
10337:Zeranol
10133:Estrone
10116:(e.g.,
10109:Estriol
10064:(e.g.,
9997:(e.g.,
9970:(e.g.,
9848:Estriol
9843:Estrone
9836:Related
9455:1360563
9170:9421201
9133:8638462
9095:8530713
9066:7681617
9058:8387902
9029:3065072
8364:6277697
8324:3653846
8288:7231202
8165:8842581
8125:4492779
8002:4359746
7738:5944393
7380:2215269
7345:3076514
7289:1682006
6992:4636198
6943:4520375
6459:2060730
6372:4771048
6253:5084606
5716:strokes
5654:Ireland
5590:is the
5510:of the
5508:extract
5499:History
5425:Equilin
5404:Estrone
5345:epimers
5341:nucleus
5325:equilin
5317:estrone
5302:sulfate
5284:estrane
5149:Equilin
5083:Estriol
5061:Estrone
5011:albumin
4900:120 min
4834:2 hours
4817:1.25 mg
4815:1.25 mg
4799:Vaginal
4744:6 hours
4740:6 hours
4738:6 hours
4736:6 hours
4731:1.25 mg
4729:1.25 mg
4618:hepatic
4592:in the
4415:2.9β3.4
4390:500β600
4387:500β600
4316:1.3β1.5
4313:3.0β3.2
4304:1.1β1.3
4284:1.4β1.5
4281:0.5β0.7
4269:0.8β0.9
4219:Estriol
4182:Estrone
3883:>100
3814:0.5β4.0
3764:0.5β2.0
3683:1.5β3.0
3670:100 ΞΌg
3585:140β150
3560:120β150
3553:Estriol
3366:sulfate
3364:of the
3306:0.5β0.7
3250:1.2β1.6
3222:0.5β4.0
3194:2.2β2.8
3166:3.5β3.9
3138:2.5β9.5
3075:Equilin
3047:Estrone
2976:in the
2967:in the
2964:potency
2956:Synonym
2884:equilin
2876:estrone
2857:sulfate
2855:of the
2790:in the
2788:potency
2780:equilin
2772:potency
2756:estrone
2752:prodrug
2742:of the
2671:enzymes
2622:Sources
2483:Vaginal
2170:placebo
2157:. CI =
2149:. AR =
2145:. HR =
1367:topical
1359:tablets
1294:implant
1210:Estriol
1189:Vaginal
1094:Estriol
939:due to
890:due to
758:of the
647:natural
622:of the
620:mixture
417:DB00286
383:PubChem
338:Equilin
327:Estrone
290:albumin
252:WARNING
222:)
216: (
214:G03CA57
179:vaginal
175:topical
13230:Portal
13060:Niacin
13055:Kepone
12912:ERX-11
12882:SS1020
12790:ERB-88
12785:ERA-90
12689:SS1010
12614:MRL-37
11979:dianol
11948:ERB-79
11943:ERA-45
11938:ERB-26
11671:DCW234
11626:AC-186
11293:DHEA-S
11225:esters
11209:esters
11061:8Ξ²-VE2
10822:WHO-EM
10774:Others
9624:Esters
9552:Topics
9491:
9483:
9453:
9445:
9416:
9408:
9379:
9371:
9342:
9321:
9313:
9284:
9266:Praxis
9255:
9247:
9218:
9197:
9176:
9168:
9139:
9131:
9101:
9093:
9064:
9056:
9027:
8876:
8815:190887
8813:
8780:171569
8778:
8741:
8716:
8689:
8648:
8588:
8556:
8423:
8398:
8362:
8322:
8286:
8249:
8222:
8195:
8163:
8123:
8115:
8095:Cancer
8058:
8025:
8000:
7962:
7929:
7879:
7850:
7815:
7780:
7745:
7735:
7696:
7678:Cancer
7661:
7651:
7620:
7587:779393
7585:
7548:
7521:
7484:
7457:
7430:
7407:559617
7405:
7378:
7343:
7335:
7296:
7286:
7248:
7208:
7181:
7154:
7129:
7121:
7085:
7050:
6999:
6989:
6950:
6940:
6862:
6835:
6791:
6735:
6708:
6674:
6650:
6609:
6559:
6532:
6457:
6449:
6413:
6405:
6370:
6362:
6325:
6291:
6251:
6243:
6208:
6200:
6163:
6133:
6103:
6051:
5966:3 June
5866:
5858:
5642:Canada
5628:es' ur
5624:gnant
5616:or as
5544:Canada
5305:esters
5295:sodium
5273:, and
5237:Notes:
4933:Notes:
4927:1:3.4
4898:60 min
4896:30 min
4819:2.5 mg
4809:0.3 mg
4742:1 hour
4733:2.5 mg
4725:0.3 mg
4722:
4561:(RIA).
4524:, and
4444:Notes:
4378:60β150
3892:>48
3858:70β110
3711:500 ΞΌg
3705:300 ΞΌg
3680:300 ΞΌg
3667:100 ΞΌg
3661:280 ΞΌg
3655:200 ΞΌg
3636:8.4β25
3588:28β126
3563:28β126
3535:60β140
3522:>8
3497:>8
3369:esters
3359:sodium
3355:Notes:
3015:ratio
2978:uterus
2969:vagina
2888:potent
2860:esters
2850:sodium
2839:breast
2774:in an
2587:Notes:
2200:, and
2178:stroke
2163:Notes:
2133:CEs =
1918:Total
1889:Total
1694:Stroke
1434:, and
1363:creams
1348:, and
906:, the
869:Canada
810:
802:Europe
787:Canada
783:Pfizer
762:, the
732:uterus
720:nausea
718:, and
694:muscle
688:or by
682:vagina
635:horses
624:sodium
598:), or
508:ChEMBL
477:D04070
437:570974
397:656613
351:Kidney
249:
13136:CCL18
13010:Equol
12892:ZB716
12862:PHTPP
12729:Y-134
12406:SERMs
12401:Mixed
12081:equol
11963:Anise
11792:M2613
10448:SERDs
10439:SERMs
9489:S2CID
9451:S2CID
9414:S2CID
9377:S2CID
9319:S2CID
9253:S2CID
9174:S2CID
9137:S2CID
9099:S2CID
9062:S2CID
8902:(PDF)
8895:(PDF)
8852:(PDF)
8121:S2CID
7341:S2CID
7127:S2CID
6683:7 May
6568:7 May
6455:S2CID
6411:S2CID
6368:S2CID
6249:S2CID
6206:S2CID
5864:S2CID
5759:Notes
5752:mares
5583:Names
5512:urine
5506:, an
5347:like
5298:salts
5231:1710
5165:2640
5143:1250
5099:1110
5077:1050
5019:bound
5017:Total
4925:1:5.5
4923:1:8.1
4921:1:5.3
4894:5 min
4891:20 mg
4804:cream
4712:Ratio
4680:Route
4610:liver
4427:25β37
4424:26β28
4250:0.67
4138:Liver
3833:30β60
3808:30β40
3783:15β30
3767:>5
3758:20β30
3633:60β80
3569:>5
3513:14β42
3510:60β80
3494:>5
3488:14β42
3485:60β80
3362:salts
3349:0.94
3321:0.75
3293:1.00
3265:0.40
3253:0.018
3237:1.05
3206:20β29
3181:0.60
3153:0.45
3125:1.30
3097:0.26
3069:0.50
2853:salts
2792:liver
2738:, or
2490:alone
2452:alone
2436:alone
2425:alone
2284:alone
2257:(95%
2248:Route
2202:death
2120:1.49
2112:2.05
2093:1.32
2085:0.89
2067:1.32
2059:1.15
2041:2.15
2033:1.87
2015:1.67
2007:1.59
1989:0.88
1981:0.79
1962:1.01
1953:1.15
1936:1.04
1927:0.98
1907:0.71
1898:0.76
1878:0.65
1869:0.67
1841:0.81
1822:1.08
1813:0.56
1794:0.80
1785:1.24
1766:1.32
1757:2.06
1738:1.37
1729:2.13
1710:1.37
1701:1.31
1682:0.95
1673:1.24
1583:alone
1375:vials
1319:Note:
989:High
898:, or
776:liver
770:like
738:like
686:cream
684:as a
658:mares
651:urine
627:salts
488:ChEBI
312:Liver
13156:MIBE
13151:G-36
13146:G-15
13080:PCBs
12937:GPER
12847:MIBE
12380:PCBs
12372:PHBA
12368:PBBs
12216:HPTE
12073:EGCG
11971:anol
11806:meso
11798:meso
11288:DHEA
11223:and
11207:and
10724:GnRH
10707:GnRH
10373:GnRH
10366:GnRH
9922:and
9481:PMID
9443:PMID
9406:PMID
9369:PMID
9340:PMID
9311:PMID
9282:PMID
9245:PMID
9216:PMID
9195:PMID
9166:PMID
9129:PMID
9091:PMID
9054:PMID
9025:PMID
8910:2018
8874:PMID
8811:PMID
8776:PMID
8739:ISBN
8714:PMID
8687:PMID
8646:PMID
8597:2023
8586:ISSN
8554:ISBN
8421:ISBN
8396:PMID
8360:PMID
8320:PMID
8284:PMID
8247:ISBN
8220:ISBN
8193:ISBN
8161:PMID
8113:PMID
8076:link
8056:ISBN
8023:ISBN
7998:PMID
7960:PMID
7927:ISBN
7877:ISBN
7848:ISSN
7813:PMID
7778:PMID
7743:PMID
7694:PMID
7659:ISSN
7649:ISBN
7618:ISSN
7583:PMID
7546:ISBN
7519:ISBN
7482:ISBN
7455:ISBN
7428:ISBN
7403:PMID
7376:PMID
7333:PMID
7294:PMID
7246:PMID
7206:ISBN
7179:ISBN
7152:ISBN
7119:PMID
7083:PMID
7048:PMID
7020:JAMA
6997:PMID
6948:PMID
6898:2018
6860:ISBN
6833:ISBN
6789:ISBN
6733:ISBN
6706:ISBN
6685:2015
6672:ISBN
6648:PMID
6607:PMID
6570:2015
6557:ISBN
6530:ISBN
6509:2022
6484:2022
6447:PMID
6403:PMID
6360:PMID
6323:ISBN
6289:PMID
6241:PMID
6198:PMID
6161:ISBN
6131:ISBN
6101:ISBN
6049:ISBN
5968:2019
5928:2023
5899:2018
5856:PMID
5660:and
5652:and
5632:e".
5603:and
5351:and
5337:ring
5327:and
5315:and
5244:SHBG
5242:for
5209:175
5187:375
5055:580
5003:SHBG
4991:SHBG
4881:0.8
4879:0.25
4875:0.38
4719:Oral
4687:Time
4683:Dose
4518:SHBG
4176:1.0
4109:SHBG
3645:7.5
3630:5β12
3507:6β12
3482:6β12
3309:0.21
3200:11.4
3141:0.11
3113:0.06
2906:and
2894:and
2866:and
2827:bone
2809:and
2782:and
2673:may
2662:and
2612:* =
2597:and
2589:(1)
2512:Oral
2409:CEEs
2404:CEEs
2277:Oral
2245:Type
1642:95%
1611:95%
1552:and
1458:and
1377:for
1365:for
1356:oral
995:Oral
867:and
726:and
706:and
641:and
604:CEEs
468:KEGG
448:UNII
295:SHBG
292:and
268:data
146:AHFS
13110:STX
13030:G-1
12991:DDT
12812:III
12360:DDT
12358:),
12356:BPS
12352:BPF
12348:BPA
12248:),
12178:cis
12069:ECG
11299:ent
10390:FSH
9473:doi
9435:doi
9431:142
9398:doi
9361:doi
9303:doi
9274:doi
9237:doi
9158:doi
9154:217
9121:doi
9083:doi
9046:doi
9017:doi
8864:doi
8860:165
8803:doi
8799:127
8768:doi
8764:293
8677:doi
8673:185
8638:doi
8454:doi
8450:126
8388:doi
8384:149
8352:doi
8312:doi
8276:doi
8153:doi
8103:doi
8048:doi
7990:doi
7919:doi
7840:doi
7805:doi
7770:doi
7733:PMC
7725:doi
7686:doi
7641:doi
7610:doi
7575:doi
7511:doi
7368:doi
7325:doi
7284:PMC
7238:doi
7111:doi
7075:doi
7038:hdl
7028:doi
7024:292
6987:PMC
6979:doi
6975:174
6938:PMC
6930:doi
6781:doi
6638:doi
6597:doi
6439:doi
6435:121
6395:doi
6352:doi
6315:doi
6281:doi
6277:142
6233:doi
6190:doi
5921:FDA
5848:doi
5626:mar
5622:pre
5606:JAN
5597:USP
5514:of
5240:RBA
5121:80
5087:0.3
5026:MCR
5021:(%)
5013:(%)
5005:(%)
4997:(%)
4981:RBA
4877:0.5
4871:0.2
4536:).
4526:AGT
4522:CBG
4510:HDL
4489:FSH
4484:FSH
4476:UCa
4471:UCa
4465:of
4393:350
4384:400
4381:100
4375:400
4372:150
4369:120
4356:7.5
4353:6.0
4350:7.5
4347:6.0
4338:1.0
4319:5.0
4310:1.5
4307:1.0
4301:2.0
4298:1.5
4295:1.2
4278:0.9
4275:0.5
4272:0.9
4266:0.9
4263:0.9
4238:0.2
4235:0.3
4232:0.3
4229:0.1
4226:0.3
4223:0.3
4198:0.3
4195:0.3
4173:1.0
4170:1.0
4167:1.0
4164:1.0
4161:1.0
4158:1.0
4155:1.0
4152:1.0
4149:1.0
4129:AGT
4119:CBG
4090:HDL
4070:FSH
4060:UCa
3908:400
3830:3β5
3755:2.5
3708:2β4
3658:1β2
3591:2β6
3566:1β6
3557:β₯20
3516:1β2
3491:1β2
3463:120
3446:TSD
3441:OID
3436:MSD
3431:MSD
3426:EPD
3421:ETD
3312:9.4
3290:100
3287:100
3281:100
3256:1.3
3234:108
3231:113
3228:200
3197:1.3
3144:3.5
3116:2.6
3032:100
3026:100
3013:RBA
3007:(%)
3005:ERΞ²
3002:for
3000:RBA
2996:(%)
2994:ERΞ±
2991:for
2985:RBA
2980:(%)
2971:(%)
2841:or
2754:of
2726:of
2707:of
2666:of
2377:or
2161:.
1588:CEs
1569:MPA
1560:CEs
1450:or
1381:or
1369:or
1233:or
983:Low
766:of
692:or
680:or
653:of
629:of
596:CEs
533:EPA
387:CID
219:WHO
34:or
13256::
12997:,
12816:IV
12814:,
12810:,
12808:II
12806:,
12389:,
12378:,
12374:,
12370:,
12366:,
12362:,
12354:,
12350:,
12342:,
12328:,
12314:,
12300:,
12296:,
12292:,
12288:,
12284:,
12270:,
12266:,
12252:,
12230:,
12226:,
12222:,
12218:,
12214:,
12210:,
12206:,
12202:,
12174:,
12170:,
12151:,
12147:,
12143:,
12139:,
12135:,
12131:,
12127:,
12123:,
12119:,
12115:,
12111:,
12107:,
12103:,
12099:,
12095:,
12091:,
12087:,
12083:,
12079:,
12075:,
12071:,
12067:,
12063:,
12059:,
12055:,
12051:,
12047:,
12043:,
12039:,
12035:,
12031:,
12017:,
12003:,
11999:,
11995:,
11981:,
11977:,
11973:,
11969:,
11219:,
11215:,
11211:,
10924:ER
10835::
10762:,
10758:,
10754:,
10750:,
10746:,
10732:,
10715:,
10698:,
10694:,
10690:,
10686:,
10682:,
10657:,
10653:,
10649:,
10645:,
10428:ER
10399:LH
10396:,
10377:,
10120:,
10100:))
10092:,
10088:,
10084:,
10080:,
10076:,
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