19:
159:
93:
277:
was little more than a series of relatively brief interludes of partial military occupation "within a longer continuum of indigenous development" and there is no evidence of any direct contact between
Shetland and Roman forces. But for Orkney there are some significant archeological evidences: according to scholars like Montesanti, "Orkney might have been one of those areas that suggest direct administration by Imperial Roman procurators, at least for a very short span of time".
1607:
286:
276:
in AD 98. Watson (1926) states that
Tacitus was referring to Shetland, although Breeze (2002) and D. Ellis Evans (1975) are more skeptical (because they think that Tacitus included Shetland in the "Orcades islands", as the northernmost area of the Orkney archipelago). The Roman presence in Scotland
316:
Treasure was discovered in 1958 by a local schoolboy, Douglas Coutts. Coutts was helping visiting archaeologists led by A. C. O'Dell of
Aberdeen University at a dig on the island. The silver bowls, jewellery and other pieces are believed to date from approximately AD 800. O'Dell stated that "The
647:
Hanson (2003) pp. 195, 198, 216. The military presence of Rome lasted for little more than 40 years for most of
Scotland and only as much as 80 years in total anywhere. At no time was even half of Scotland's land mass under Roman control (if we do not consider Agricola's conquest
308:
in the sixth century AD: "As for
Shetland, Orkney, Skye and the Western Isles, their inhabitants, most of whom appear to have been Pictish in culture and speech at this time, are likely to have regarded Bridei as a fairly distant presence."
263:
when he visited
Britain sometime between 322 and 285 BC, but it is unlikely he meant Shetland as he believed it was six days sail north of Britain and one day from the frozen sea (a description that seems to refer, more or less, to
149:
is a remarkable dividing wall that ran for 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) across the island of Fetlar. The level of organisation involved suggest a relatively high population for
Shetland in the Neolithic, perhaps as much as 10,000.
317:
treasure is the best survival of
Scottish silver metalwork from the period" and that "the brooches show a variety of typical Pictish forms, with both animal-head and lobed geometrical forms of terminal".
69:
site at West Voe on the south coast of
Mainland, dated to 4320-4030 BC, has provided the first evidence of Mesolithic human activity in Shetland. The same site provides dates for early
607:"The fleet must have sailed on to the Shetlands since ... the only land likely to be visible from ... the Orkney coast would be Fair Isle" -- Ogilvie and Richmond, 1967
121:
is a large
Neolithic ruin containing an oval chamber. Around it are the remains of houses, walls and cairns of the same period. There are numerous Neolithic era
524:
77:
in Walls have been dated to 3400 BC. This site includes a cluster of six or seven walled fields and three stone circular houses that contains the earliest
355:
in reparation for the death of his son in battle in Scotland. Some scholars believe that this story is apocryphal and based on the later voyages of
1218:
1165:
959:
657:
2149:
1251:
392:
454:
Observations of Social Change in Prehistoric Orkney and Shetland based on a Study of the Types and Context of Coarse Stone Artefacts
49:
archipelago of Scotland, when it was first occupied by humans. The period prior to human settlement in Shetland is known as the
885:
871:
850:
815:
203:
is the finest preserved example in Scotland of these round towers. In addition to Mousa there are significant broch ruins at
428:"The Mesolithic in the Northern Isles: the preliminary evaluation of an oyster midden at West Voe, Sumburgh, Shetland, U.K."
584:"From Chatham to Chester and Lincoln to the Lake District - 38 UK places put themselves forward for World Heritage status"
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54:
789:
Hanson, William S. "The Roman Presence: Brief Interludes" in Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003)
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1443:
224:
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in the late 8th and 9th centuries; the fate of the previous indigenous population is uncertain. According to the
478:
2154:
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945:
57:
in Scotland, around AD 600. More than 5,000 archaeological sites have been recorded in the Shetland Islands.
359:. Nonetheless, as the Viking era developed Shetland emerged from the prehistoric period and into the era of
1038:
81:-blades found so far in Scotland. "Shetland knives" are stone tools that date from this period made from
260:
699:
St. Ninian's Isle Treasure. A Silver Hoard Discovered on St. Ninian's Isle, Zetland on 4th July, 1958
34:, described as "one of the most remarkable archaeological sites ever excavated in the British Isles".
219:, although their origin and purpose is a matter of some controversy. In 2011 the collective site, "
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indicate that there was Neolithic activity there although the main settlement dates from the
2118:
1606:
339:
expeditions against Norway and the coasts of mainland Scotland. In response, Norwegian king
2044:
1339:
1174:
356:
348:
1198:
1188:
583:
223:" including Broch of Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof joined the UKs "Tentative List" of
8:
2123:
1906:
1718:
1226:
1106:
413:
Melton, Nigel D. "West Voe: A Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition Site in Shetland" in Noble
313:
290:
50:
616:
Breeze, David J. "The ancient geography of Scotland" in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. 11-13
549:
Kirk, William "Prehistoric Scotland: The Regional Dimension" in Clapperton (1983) p. 106
158:
1952:
1831:
1673:
1513:
1426:
1277:
1203:
1078:
1043:
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268:). However, another early written reference to the Shetland islands may have been when
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1937:
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912:
904:
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811:
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759:
745:
304:, although the historical record is sparse. Hunter (2000) states in relation to King
208:
114:
102:
96:
74:
188:. The site has provided evidence of habitation during various phases right up until
1663:
1432:
1111:
1063:
1012:
805:
791:
Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC - AD 1000
360:
146:
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236:
200:
162:
92:
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924:"The Work of Angels", Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th–9th centuries AD
2092:
1891:
1688:
1633:
1566:
1282:
1132:
586:(7 July 2010) Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Retrieved 7 Mar 2011
212:
142:
2004:
1942:
1927:
1811:
1738:
1713:
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reported that the Roman fleet had seen "Thule" on a voyage that included
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1728:
1571:
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109:
unique to Shetland, with a particularly large example on the island of
78:
42:
485:. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland
2087:
2082:
2029:
2019:
2014:
1947:
1881:
1861:
1856:
1841:
1836:
1821:
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1541:
1404:
70:
829:
Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland
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53:. Prehistory in Shetland does not end until the beginning of
27:
1983:
1786:
1766:
1693:
1581:
1467:
1359:
130:
841:
Noble, Gordon; Poller, Tessa & Verrill, Lucy (2008)
777:
St. Kilda and the Wider World: Tales of an Iconic Island
251:
respectively, both of which are assumed to be Shetland.
596:"Sites make Unesco world heritage status bid shortlist"
756:
In the Shadow of the Brochs, the Iron Age in Scotland
681:(December 1959) "The St Ninian's Isle Silver Hoard".
658:
Orcades/Orkney: the 6th roman province in Britannia
598:(22 Mar 2011) BBC Scotland. Retrieved 22 Mar 2011.
426:Melton, N. D. & Nicholson R. A. (March 2004)
452:Fleming (2005) p. 47 quoting Clarke, P.A. (1995)
395:shetland-heritage.co.uk. Retrieved 2 August 2008.
141:is a ring of stones, although there are no true
2141:
153:
351:received Orkney and Shetland from Harald as an
866:. Grantown-on-Spey. Colin Baxter Photography.
335:, Vikings then used the islands as a base for
168:Pottery shards found at the important site of
1483:
1159:
953:
843:Scottish Odysseys: The Archaeology of Islands
803:
894:. London. B. T. Batsford/Historic Scotland.
754:Ballin Smith, B. and Banks, I. (eds) (2002)
347:(comprising Orkney and Shetland) in 875 and
742:Towers in the North: The Brochs of Scotland
60:
1490:
1476:
1166:
1152:
960:
946:
793:. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press.
456:. M. Litt. thesis. University of Glasgow.
230:
1173:
967:
284:
243:referred to the seven islands they call
195:Numerous brochs were erected during the
157:
91:
17:
701:. Aberdeen University Studies. No. 141.
636:Cofiant Agricola: Llywodraethwr Prydain
558:Fojut, Noel (1981) "Is Mousa a broch?"
464:
462:
2142:
610:
589:
531:ScotlandsPlaces. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
388:
386:
296:The later Iron Age inhabitants of the
1471:
1147:
941:
859:. Newton Abbott. David & Charles.
772:. Newton Abbott. David & Charles.
768:Clapperton, Chalmers M. (ed.) (1983)
471:
459:
383:
13:
909:The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland
235:In AD 43 and 77 the Roman authors
14:
2166:
343:("Harald Fair Hair") annexed the
280:
221:The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland
2150:Archaeological sites in Shetland
1605:
926:. British Museum Press. London.
722:
713:
704:
691:
671:
662:
651:
641:
628:
619:
601:
577:
568:
552:
543:
540:Nicolson (1972) pp. 33–35
534:
515:
876:Thomson, William P. L. (2008)
804:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004).
506:
497:
479:"Fetlar, Gravins, 'Haltadans'"
446:
420:
407:
398:
1:
366:
320:
154:Bronze Age and early Iron Age
1497:
125:including those at Yoxie on
7:
1039:Zenith of Iron Age Shetland
862:Schei, Liv Kjørsvik (2006)
10:
2171:
922:Youngs, Susan (ed) (1989)
855:Nicolson, James R. (1972)
638:" (Wales University Press)
393:" Jarlshof & Scatness"
325:Shetland was colonised by
2106:
2088:The Skerry, off Fair Isle
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1107:St Ninian's Isle Treasure
1097:
1031:
975:
878:The New History of Orkney
831:. Edinburgh. Mainstream.
710:Youngs (1989) pp. 108-112
55:the Early Medieval Period
22:The preserved ruins of a
1452:Scotland in the Iron Age
1089:Broch of West Burrafirth
1008:Standing Stones of Yoxie
998:Pettigarths Field Cairns
810:. Edinburgh: Canongate.
668:Hunter (2000) pp. 44, 49
527:6 September 2012 at the
61:Mesolithic and Neolithic
1421:Battle of Mons Graupius
993:Hjaltadans Stone Circle
919:. First published 1926.
775:Fleming, Andrew (2005)
728:Thomson (2008) p. 24-27
560:Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot.
1049:Broch of Cullingsburgh
911:. Edinburgh. Birlinn.
880:. Edinburgh. Birlinn.
719:Schei (2006) pp. 11-12
574:Armit (2003) pp. 24-26
293:
255:is first mentioned by
231:Travelers in antiquity
165:
129:and at Boardastubble,
99:
73:activity and finds at
35:
1669:Linga (near Vementry)
1659:Linga, Bluemull Sound
770:Scotland: A New Study
522:"Feltlar, Funziegirt"
306:Bridei I of the Picts
288:
161:
145:as such in Shetland.
95:
21:
2155:Prehistoric Scotland
2098:Waster Hoevda, Foula
2045:West Voe of Sumburgh
1175:Prehistoric Scotland
969:Prehistoric Shetland
807:The Scottish Islands
483:Canmore Site Records
433:28 June 2011 at the
349:Rognvald Eysteinsson
225:World Heritage Sites
39:Prehistoric Shetland
1227:Atlantic roundhouse
890:Turner, Val (1998)
779:. Windgather Press
512:Turner (1998) p. 26
503:Turner (1998) p. 47
404:Turner (1998) p. 18
51:geology of Scotland
1958:Walls and Sandness
1753:Towns and villages
1674:Linga, Vaila Sound
1427:Siege of Burnswark
1278:Carved stone balls
1079:Ness of Burgi Fort
1044:Broch of Clickimin
905:Watson, William J.
864:The Shetland Isles
845:. Stroud. Tempus.
758:. Stroud. Tempus.
744:, Stroud. Tempus.
735:General references
625:Watson (1994) p. 7
468:Schei (2006) p. 10
294:
176:. This includes a
166:
105:, are a style of
103:Heel-shaped cairns
100:
43:prehistoric period
36:
2137:
2136:
1998:Maritime features
1916:Mainland Parishes
1724:Uyea, Northmavine
1679:Linga, Yell Sound
1506:Inhabited islands
1465:
1464:
1141:
1140:
1054:Broch of Culswick
1023:Heel-shaped cairn
1003:Scord of Brouster
886:978-1-84158-696-0
872:978-1-84107-330-9
851:978-0-7524-4168-9
817:978-1-84195-454-7
740:Armit, I. (2003)
634:D. Ellis Evans. "
417:(2008) pp. 23, 33
115:Staneydale Temple
97:Staneydale Temple
75:Scord of Brouster
2162:
1967:Insular Parishes
1719:St Ninian's Isle
1664:Linga, Busta Voe
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1433:Great Conspiracy
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1112:Lunnasting stone
1064:Burra Ness Broch
1013:Stanydale Temple
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892:Ancient Shetland
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361:written history
357:Magnus Barelegs
341:Harald Hårfagre
332:Orkneyinga Saga
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241:Pliny the Elder
233:
217:West Burrafirth
180:, a cluster of
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107:chambered cairn
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300:were probably
298:Northern Isles
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281:Later Iron Age
279:
237:Pomponius Mela
232:
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201:Broch of Mousa
163:Broch of Mousa
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41:refers to the
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2114:Animal breeds
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2066:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2051:
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2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:St Magnus Bay
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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1996:
1990:
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1792:Cunningsburgh
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1616:Other islands
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1069:Clumlie Broch
1067:
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933:
932:0-7141-0554-6
929:
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921:
918:
917:1-84158-323-5
914:
910:
906:
903:
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900:0-7134-8000-9
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837:1-84018-376-4
834:
830:
826:
825:Hunter, James
823:
819:
813:
809:
808:
802:
800:
799:0-7486-1736-1
796:
792:
788:
786:
785:1-905119-00-3
782:
778:
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771:
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764:0-7524-2517-X
761:
757:
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750:0-7524-1932-3
747:
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206:
202:
198:
193:
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187:
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171:
164:
160:
151:
148:
144:
143:stone circles
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
29:
25:
20:
16:
2128:
2093:Bound Skerry
2025:Calder's Geo
1759:
1634:Brother Isle
1567:Out Skerries
1512:
1283:Grooved ware
1219:Architecture
1208:
1133:Old Scatness
1121:Multi-period
968:
923:
908:
891:
877:
863:
856:
842:
828:
806:
790:
776:
769:
755:
741:
724:
715:
706:
698:
693:
685:
682:
678:
673:
664:
653:
643:
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621:
612:
603:
591:
579:
570:
562:
559:
554:
545:
536:
517:
508:
499:
487:. Retrieved
482:
473:
453:
448:
440:
437:
422:
414:
409:
400:
330:
324:
311:
295:
248:
244:
234:
213:Old Scatness
194:
184:and a later
167:
101:
64:
38:
37:
15:
2005:Balta Sound
1943:Northmavine
1928:Dunrossness
1812:Haroldswick
1739:Ve Skerries
1714:South Havra
1704:Papa Little
1562:North Isles
1320:Caledonians
1304:Agriculture
1288:Unstan ware
1237:Court cairn
1182:By location
1074:Huxter Fort
988:Funzie Girt
983:Benie Hoose
697:O'Dell, A.
677:O'Dell, A.
565:pp. 220-228
489:12 December
182:wheelhouses
147:Funzie Girt
87:Northmavine
2144:Categories
2129:Prehistory
2050:Yell Sound
2040:Sullom Voe
1802:Gulberwick
1772:Baltasound
1744:West Linga
1729:Uyea, Unst
1572:Papa Stour
1557:Muckle Roe
1535:West Burra
1530:East Burra
1330:Carnonacae
1257:Wheelhouse
367:References
321:Viking era
289:Cliffs on
174:Bronze Age
135:Hjaltadans
24:wheelhouse
2119:Etymology
2083:Out Stack
2030:Ronas Voe
2020:Busta Voe
2015:Burra Voe
1948:Sandsting
1907:Whiteness
1882:Uyeasound
1862:Symbister
1857:Scalloway
1842:Ollaberry
1837:North Roe
1822:Levenwick
1817:Hillswick
1542:Fair Isle
1435:(367–368)
1405:Venicones
1266:Artefacts
1252:Roman era
1247:Hillforts
976:Neolithic
683:Antiquity
438:Antiquity
378:Footnotes
205:Clickimin
71:Neolithic
1953:Tingwall
1902:Weisdale
1852:Sandwick
1832:Mossbank
1827:Mid Yell
1797:Grutness
1734:Vementry
1709:Samphrey
1649:Hildasay
1644:Hascosay
1514:Mainland
1499:Shetland
1444:Timeline
1400:Vacomagi
1380:Selgovae
1370:Novantae
1355:Decantae
1350:Damnonii
1340:Cornovii
1209:Shetland
1128:Jarlshof
1032:Iron Age
1018:Vementry
857:Shetland
525:Archived
431:Archived
327:Norsemen
261:Massilia
245:Haemodae
209:Culswick
197:Iron Age
170:Jarlshof
111:Vementry
47:Shetland
32:Jarlshof
2124:History
1974:Bressay
1938:Nesting
1933:Lerwick
1923:Delting
1807:Gutcher
1761:Lerwick
1592:Whalsay
1577:Trondra
1520:Bressay
1423:(83 AD)
1414:Warfare
1395:Taexali
1390:Smertae
1365:Maeatae
1345:Creones
1325:Caereni
1297:Economy
1242:Crannog
1099:Pictish
907:(1994)
827:(2000)
688:No 132.
443:No 299.
353:earldom
302:Pictish
270:Tacitus
266:Iceland
257:Pytheas
249:Acmodae
192:times.
127:Whalsay
83:felsite
45:of the
2107:Topics
1979:Fetlar
1887:Vidlin
1847:Quarff
1782:Bixter
1777:Bigton
1639:Colsay
1547:Fetlar
1313:Tribes
1204:Orkney
930:
915:
898:
884:
870:
849:
835:
814:
797:
783:
762:
748:
648:years)
337:pirate
274:Orkney
199:. The
190:Viking
178:smithy
139:Fetlar
119:Bixter
67:midden
1897:Walls
1877:Ulsta
1684:Mousa
1654:Lamba
1629:Bigga
1624:Balta
1587:Vaila
1552:Foula
1525:Burra
1429:(140)
1385:Scoti
1375:Picts
679:et al
415:et al
373:Notes
253:Thule
186:broch
117:near
85:from
28:broch
1989:Yell
1984:Unst
1872:Toft
1867:Toab
1787:Brae
1767:Aith
1699:Papa
1694:Oxna
1689:Noss
1597:Yell
1582:Unst
1360:Lugi
928:ISBN
913:ISBN
896:ISBN
882:ISBN
868:ISBN
847:ISBN
833:ISBN
812:ISBN
795:ISBN
781:ISBN
760:ISBN
746:ISBN
491:2010
312:The
247:and
239:and
215:and
131:Unst
26:and
1892:Voe
1335:Cat
1273:Art
563:111
259:of
211:,
137:on
79:hoe
30:at
2146::
2073:W)
2064:(N
686:33
481:.
461:^
441:78
385:^
363:.
227:.
207:,
133:.
113:.
89:.
65:A
2070:E
2067:S
1491:e
1484:t
1477:v
1167:e
1160:t
1153:v
961:e
954:t
947:v
820:.
493:.
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