Preschool - Knowledge

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2010 reflects upon the development of China's early childhood education and locates the current situation of the development of early childhood education. The historical development of Chinese early childhood education indicates three distinct cultural threads, including traditional culture, communist culture, and Western culture, that have shaped early childhood education in China, as demonstrated in Zhu and Zhang 2008 and Lau 2012. Furthermore, currently, administrative authorities intend to establish an independent budget for the ECE field in order to support early childhood education in rural areas (Zhao and Hu 2008). A higher quality of educational provisions for children living in rural areas will be another goal for the Chinese government. Many researchers have detailed the important issues of early childhood education, especially teacher education. The exploratory study in Hu and Szente 2010 (cited under Early Childhood Inclusive Education) has indicated that Chinese kindergarten teachers hold negative attitudes toward inclusion of children with disabilities, as they do not have enough knowledge and skills for working with this population. This indicates that kindergarten teachers need to improve their perceptions of children with disabilities. Furthermore, Gu 2007 has focused on the issues of new early childhood teachers' professional development and puts forward some feasible suggestions about how new teachers deal with key events in their everyday teaching practices. With regard to families' support of their children's early development at home, family education should be focused and the collaborative partnership between kindergarten and family needs to be enhanced. Teachers' attitudes toward family intervention are a vital aspect of teacher-family collaboration. Therefore, kindergarten teachers should support family members in their role as the child's first teacher and build collaborative partnerships with family, as presented in Ding 2007. Furthermore, kindergarten teachers should be considered as active researchers in children's role play. This supports the co-construction of their teaching knowledge in relation to children's initiation/subjectivity in role play (Liu, et al. 2003).

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Education (Trial Version) in 2001 and The National Education Reform and Development of Long-Term planning Programs (2010–2020) in 2010. It has been found that China's kindergarten education has dramatically changed since 1990. In recent years, various Western curricula and pedagogical models have been introduced to China, such as Montessori programs, Reggio Emilia, Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP), and the Project Approach. Many kindergartens have faced difficulties and challenges in adapting these models in their programs. Therefore, a heated debate about how the Western curricula can be appropriated in the Chinese cultural context has been initiated between early childhood researchers and practitioners. Research has revealed that the most important aim for promoting curriculum reform is to improve kindergarten teachers' professional knowledge, such as their understanding of the concept of play and pedagogy, and perceptions of inclusion and kindergarten-based curriculum. Furthermore, within the process of reform, family education and family collaborations cannot be ignored in child development.

1337:, also referred to as Playschools or Playgroups. A Nursery School is allowed to enrol up to 26 children into a class, with the curriculum being delivered by a qualified teacher and a Nursery Assistant. A preschool, which delivers the same curriculum, is also permitted to admit a maximum of 26 children to any single session. However, the regulations for personnel differ. The Preschool must have a Supervisor with an NVQ 3 qualification in Child Care (or Equivalent). There must be one qualified and vetted adult for every 8 children. Funding is applied for through PEAGs (Preschool Education Advisory Group). Both nursery and preschool settings are inspected by the Education and Training Inspectorate. Preschools are also subject to inspection by local Social Services. 579: 444:(US and UK) from 2 to 5 years old – held in a Nursery School; readiness has to do with whether the child is on track developmentally, and potty training is a big factor, so a child can start as early as 2 years old. Preschool education is important and beneficial for any child attending nursery school because it gives the child a head start through social interactions. Through cognitive, psychosocial and physical development-based learning a child in preschool will learn about their environment and how to verbally communicate with others. Children who attend Preschool learn how the world around them works through play and communication. 858: 883:, and structured pre-determined activities for achieving related goals. Internationally, there is strong opposition to this type of early childhood care and education curriculum and defence of a broad-based curriculum that supports a child's overall development including health and physical development, emotional and spiritual wellbeing, social competence, intellectual development and communication skills. The type of document that emerges from this perspective is likely to be more open, offering a framework which teachers and parents can use to develop curricula specific to their contexts. 1070: 2530: 701: 110: 1090:

attributes success to effort rather than inborn talent, leading teachers to ignore innate differences between children by encouraging and praising perseverance. They work to ensure that all students meet the standard rather that each reaches his or her own potential. Although preschools exhibit great variety, most target age-appropriate personal development, such as learning empathy, rather than academic programs. Academic programs tend to be more common among Westernized and Christian preschools.

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Education Program. The programs that were offered operated voluntary and required the parents to pay a steep fee per child. This left many families with no option but to keep the kids at home. The government soon realized that a large number of children were having trouble in their first years of primary school and parents were having to stay home becoming jobless. Once the government issued the free preschool scheme, Ireland's preschool enrollment rate increased to about 93%.

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the average cost across the lower 48 states was $ 6,582. Four categories determine the costs of public preschools: personnel ratios, personnel qualifications, facilities and transportation, and health and nutrition services. These costs depend heavily on the cost and quality of services provided. The main personnel factor related to cost is teacher qualifications. Another determinant of cost is the length of the school day. Longer sessions cost more.

1413:, some play with puzzles while some listen to the teacher read a story aloud. Activities vary in each session. Each child is assumed to have particular strengths and weaknesses to be encouraged or ameliorated by the teachers. A typical belief is that "children's play is their work" and that by allowing them to select the type of play, the child will meet his or her developmental needs. Preschools also adopt American ideas about justice, such as the 6740: 5952: 4013: 760: 991: 912: 1350:

entitled to a place in a nursery class when they reach their third birthday. This gives parents the option of two years of funded pre-school education before beginning primary one, the first year of compulsory education. Nursery children who are three years old are referred to as ante-pre-school whilst children who are four years old are termed pre-school. Pre-school education in Scotland is planned around the Early Level of the

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forward in the direction of formalising preschool education has come forth through the NEP (National Education Policy) 2020. The NEP 2020 has placed a great deal of importance on early childhood care and education, advocating that the foundational stage (3 to 8 years) is critical and requires official/formal intervention. In fact, NEP 2020 has advocated replacing the traditional 10 + 2 schooling system with a 5+3+3+4 system.

7732: 4982: 7710: 4961: 1449:(IDEA) Public Law 101–476 in 1975 and its amendments, PL 102-119 and PL 105–17 in 1997, the educational system has moved away from self-contained special education classrooms to inclusion, leading special education teachers to practice in a wider variety of settings. As with other stages in the life of a child with special needs, the 1421:. Teachers don't always actively intervene in disputes and encourage children to resolve disputes independently by using verbal strategies ("use your words"), stating objectively what the problem or issues are, and then discussing what steps can be taken to resolve it. Punishments that may or may not include 1430:

exercises to enable the child to describe an experience to an adult. Resources vary depending on the wealth of the students, but generally are better equipped than other cultures. Most programs are not subsidized by government, making preschools relatively expensive even though the staff is typically

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Until the mid-1980s, nursery schools only admitted pupils in the final year (three terms) leading up to their admission to primary school, but pupils now attend nursery school for four or five terms. It is also common practice for many children to attend nursery much earlier than this. Many nurseries

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Collaboration has helped fund programs in several districts. Collaborations with area Head Start and other private preschools helped fund a public preschool in one district. "We're very pleased with the interaction. It's really added a dimension to our program that's been very positive". The National

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The benefits and challenges of a public preschool reflect the available funding. Funding can range from federal, state, local public allocations, private sources, and parental fees. The problem of funding a public preschool occurs not only from limited sources but from the cost per child. As of 2007,

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poorly compensated. Student-teacher ratios are lower than in other cultures, ideally about 15 students per group. Parents and teachers see teachers as extensions of or partial substitutes for parents and consequently emphasize personal relationships and consistent expectations at home and at school.

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A voucher system for nursery provision was introduced in England and Wales under the Major government, providing for 15 hours per week free childcare or education for three and four-year-olds, much of it provided through reception classes in primary schools. This was replaced by the Blair government

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According to the Law on Education (article 6, 1991, as last amended in April 2016), pre-school education is a part of non-formal education. According to the 7th article of the Law, "the purpose of pre-school education shall be to help a child satisfy inherent, cultural (including ethnic), social and

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Preschool education, like all other forms of education, is intended by the society that controls it to transmit important cultural values to the participants. As a result, different cultures make different choices about preschool education. Despite the variations, there are a few common themes. Most

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In the UK, pre-school education in nursery classes or schools has some local government funding for children aged between two and four. Pre-school education can be provided by childcare centres, playgroups, nursery schools and nursery classes within primary schools. Private voluntary or independent

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The study of early childhood education (ECE) in China has been intimately influenced by the reforms and progress of Chinese politics and the economy. Currently, the Chinese government has shown interest in early childhood education, implementing policies in the form of The Guidance for Kindergarten

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There is emerging evidence that high-quality preschools are "play based," rather than attempting to provide early formal instruction in academic subjects. "Playing with other children, away from adults, is how children learn to make their own decisions, control their emotions and impulses, see from

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opened his first infant school in London in 1819, and went on to establish hundreds more. He published many works on the subject, and his work became the model for infant schools throughout England and further afield. Play was an important part of Wilderspin's system of education. He was recognized

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from 6 weeks old to 6 years old – is an educational childcare service a parent can enroll their child(ren) in before primary school. This can also be used to define services for children younger than kindergarten age, especially in countries where kindergarten is compulsory. The pre-primary program

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are rarely carried out by teachers. Children are encouraged to apologize after understanding what has happened rather than blindly apologize. Children are also encouraged to think through steps they can take to make up for their misbehavior. Teachers assist children by explaining what happened and

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In Japan, development of social skills and a sense of group belonging are major goals. Classes tend to have up to 40 students, to decrease the role of the teacher and increase peer interactions. Participation in group activities is highly valued, leading some schools to, for example, count a child

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The office of Economic Opportunity launched Project Head Start as an eight-week summer program in 1965. It was then transferred to the Office of Child Development in the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in 1969. Today it is a program within the Administration on Children, Youth and

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Department for Children, Education, Lifelong Learning and Skills, is set out in the booklet "Desirable Outcomes for Children's Learning Before Compulsory School Age". However, a new 'Foundation Phase' covering 3- to 7-year-olds is being rolled out across Wales from 2008, with a focus on 'learning

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Starting in the year of 2010, Ireland passed a law stating that all children of the age 3 years and 2 months and less than 4 years and 7 months are qualified to attend a preschool free of charge. Before this law was passed there was a large number of children who did not attend an Early Childhood

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Early childhood education in China has made dramatic progress since the 1980s. In Tobin, et al. 2009, which studies across three cultures, the continuity and change across the systems of early childhood education are evident. The project report Zhongguo Xueqian Jiaoyu Fazhan Zhanlue Yanjiu Ketizu

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is provided half-time for children aged 3–4 (Nursery) and full-time for those between the ages of 4 and 5 (Reception). Since 2005 it has been a statutory duty for all Local Education Authorities to secure sufficient nursery education in their area for children from the term following their third

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begin at birth. The first three years of a child's life are critical for setting the foundation for language acquisition, socialization, and attitudes to learning. During the early years and especially during the first 3 to 5 years, humans are capable of absorbing a lot of information. The brain

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who is standing still near a group exercise session as participating. Children are taught to work harmoniously in large and small groups, and to develop cooperativeness, kindness and social consciousness. The most important goal is to provide a rich social environment that increasingly isolated

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Preschool education in India is not yet officially recognized by the government and is largely run by privately held companies. The demand for play schools that cater to caring for very young children is high, with the rise in families in which both parents are working. However, a positive step

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In the United States, nursery school is provided in a variety of settings. In general, preschool is meant to be voluntary and promote development in children through planned programs. Preschool is defined as: "center-based programs for four-year olds that are fully or partially funded by state

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a voucher system for part-time pre-school provision was introduced in parallel with England and Wales under the Major government, but with a strong emphasis on age-appropriate education rather than simply childcare, and avoiding the use of reception classes in primary schools. Now children are

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While a majority of American preschool programs remain tuition-based, support for some public funding of early childhood education has grown over the years. As of 2008, 38 states and the District of Columbia invested in at least some preschool programs, and many school districts were providing

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is to increase the school preparedness of young children in low-income families. These programs serve children from birth to age five, pregnant women, and their families. Head Start was started by the Federal Government in 1964 to help meet the needs of under-privilleged pre-school children.

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sets the standards that all early years providers must meet to ensure that children learn and develop well and are kept healthy and safe. It promotes teaching and learning to ensure children's ‘school readiness’ and gives children the broad range of knowledge and skills that provide the right

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Children are allowed to resolve disputes with each other, including physical fighting. Most behavioral problems are attributed to the child's inappropriately expressed emotional dependency. Remedies involve accepting the child, rather than treatment with drugs or punishment. Japanese culture

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education agencies and that are operated in schools or under the direction of state and local education agencies". Preschools, both private and school sponsored, are available for children from ages three to five. Many of these programs follow similar curriculum as pre-kindergarten.

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cognitive needs." Despite the provision of pre-school education being an independent function of a municipality, the Law regulates the pre-school curriculum to be "prepared in compliance with the criteria of pre-school curricula approved by the Minister of Education, Science and

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Head Start Bureau has been looking for more opportunities to partner with public schools. Torn Schultz of the Bureau states, "We're turning to partnership as much as possible, either in funds or facilities to make sure children get everything necessary to be ready for school".

875:; the extent to which academic content should be included in the curriculum and whether formal instruction or child-initiated exploration, supported by adults, is more effective. Proponents of an academic curriculum are likely to favour a focus on basic skills, especially 575:, the first of eleven care centers that she founded for young children. In 1836 she established an institute for the foundation of preschool centers. The idea became popular among the nobility and the middle class and was copied throughout the Hungarian kingdom. 551:, based on the school. He began working for the Infant School Society the next year, informing others about his views. He also wrote "The Infant System, for developing the physical, intellectual, and moral powers off all children from one to seven years of age". 1525:

Health – Health is seen as an important factor in a child's ability to thrive and develop. The program provides screenings to evaluate a child's overall health, regular health check-ups, and good practices in oral health, hygiene, nutrition, personal care, and

756:, services), process (quality of classroom environments, teacher-child interactions, etc.) and alignment (standards, curriculum, assessments) components. Curriculum is designed for differing ages. For example, counting to 10 is generally after the age of four. 719:

grows most rapidly in the early years. High quality and well trained teachers and preschools with developmentally-appropriate programmes can have a long-term effect on improving learning outcomes for children. The effects tend to be more marked for

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Research by the American Psychological Association indicates that preschool attendees tend to achieve higher scores in cognitive and language assessments, demonstrating the positive impact of early education on intellectual development.

7683: 452:(or Pre-Kindergarten) from 4 to 5 years old – held in Nursery School and is an initiative to improve access to pre-primary schools for children in the USA. There is much more than teaching a child colors, numbers, shapes and so on. 2022: 1130:

is public and provides a variety of activities, such as dance, math, drawing and Korean, as well as basic abilities such as using a spoon and respecting elders. North Korean kindergarten education includes themes common to

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In an age when school was restricted to children who had already learned to read and write at home, there were many attempts to make school accessible to orphans or to the children of women who worked in factories.

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what was wrong in their behavior, before any decision to punish is made. Self-expressive language skills are emphasized through informal interactions with teachers and through structured group activities such as

1114:, shall be implemented by pre-school education schools, general education schools, freelance teachers or other education providers" (article 7 part 4). The ownership of pre-school education facilities (namely, 7338: 1281:

have the facilities to take on babies, using the 'Early Years Foundation Stage', framework as a guide to give each child the best possible start to becoming a competent learner and skilful communicator.

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mills Owen wanted the children to be given a good moral education so that they would be fit for work. His system was successful in producing obedient children with basic literacy and numeracy.

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and math, preschool holds detrimental effects on social development and cooperation. Research has also shown that the home environment has a greater impact on future outcomes than preschool.

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Formally starting in 1916, cooperative preschools are common throughout much of America and focus on providing a preschool environment for children and parents which is in line with

656:, Prince Edward Island in 1870 and by the end of the decade, they were common in large Canadian towns and cities. The country's first public-school kindergartens were established in 6311: 3177:

Heyman, G., Dweck, C., & Cain, K. (1992). Young children's vulnerability to self-blame and helplessness: Relationship to beliefs about goodness. Child Development, 63, 401–415.

460:(US) from 5 to 6 years old – held in a Nursery School and/or some primary elementary schools; in many parts of world (less so in English speaking countries) it refers to the first 7566: 7511: 1202:

The curriculum goals of a nursery school are more specific than for childcare but less strenuous than for primary school. For example, the Scottish Early Years Framework and the

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Education – The goal of Head Start is to ensure that those children enrolled in the program are ready to begin school. Activities are geared towards skill and knowledge domains.

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In contrast to many other cultures, including Japan and the UK, American preschools frequently ban squirt guns and pretend play involving toy or imaginary weapons, and may have

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reports that pre-school programs provide long-term economic benefits; investments in preschool lead to higher earnings, increased tax revenues, and a reduction in social costs.

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Olsen, M.I. 1955. "The development of play schools and kindergartens and an analysis of a sampling of these institutions in Alberta. Master's thesis, University of Alberta."

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for low-income families—only 10% of children were then enrolled in preschool. Due to large demand, various states subsidized preschool for low-income families in the 1980s.

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Itard, J. M. G. (1962). The wild boy of Aveyron. (G. Humphrey & M. Humphrey, Trans.). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. (Original works published 1801 and 1806).

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significantly, preschool is universally expected to increase the young child's ability to perform basic self-care tasks such as dressing, feeding, and toileting.

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an early establishment for caring for and educating pre-school children whose parents were absent during the day. At about the same time, in 1780, similar

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and an expert on the evolution of play and its vital role in child development. "In short, play is how children learn to take control of their lives."

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In the United States, preschool education emphasizes individuality. Children are frequently permitted to choose from a variety of activities, using a

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preschool services on their own, using local and federal funds. The United States spends .04% of its GDP or $ 63 billion on preschool education.

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Some studies dispute the benefits of preschool education, finding that preschool can be detrimental to cognitive and social development. A study by

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Condillac, E. B. (1746/1970, 2001). Essai sur l'origine des connaissances in Oeuvres Completes Tome 1. Genève: Slatkine reprints. Retrieved from

7400: 1406: 866: 1457:(IFSP) is an important way for teachers, administrators and parents to set guidelines for a partnership to help the child succeed in preschool. 1996: 62: 1604: 7368: 7243: 2701: 3235:

Levin, H.M.; Schwartz, H.L. (2007). "What is the cost of a preschool program?". National Center for the study of Privatization in Education.

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Families in the Department of Health and Human Services. Programs are administered locally by school systems and non-profit organizations.

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i.e. children coming from impoverished backgrounds with very little or no access to healthy food, socialization, books and play resources.

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McCollum, J. A.; Yates, T. (1994). "Dyad as focus, triad as means: A family-centered approach to supporting parent-child interactions".

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Individuals with Disabilities Individualizing Education Act (IDEA) Data. (2006). Part B child count data . Retrieved 25 May 2008, from

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Program Management and Operations – "focus on delivering high-quality child development services to children from low-income families."

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Terminology varies by country. In some European countries the term "kindergarten" refers to formal education of children classified as

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Preschool education in Sweden is offered from age 1 up to age 6. All preschools must follow the national curriculum set out by the

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In Northern Ireland funded Nursery School places can be applied for from ages 3 and up. Preschool education is delivered also by

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Condillac, E. B. (1749/1970, 1982). Traité des systèmes in Oeuvres Completes Tome 2. Genève: Slatkine reprints. Retrieved from

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founded America's first English-language kindergarten in 1860 and the first free kindergarten in America was founded in 1870 by

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The areas of development that preschool education covers varies. However, the following main themes are typically offered.

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Family and Community Partnerships – both groups are involved in the operation, governance, and evaluation of the program.

325: 2283:"University of California – UC Newsroom | New report examines effects nationwide of preschool on kids' development" 432:(UK and US) from 0 months to 5 years old – is a pre-primary educational child care institution which includes Preschool. 7233: 2487: 2425: 2378: 1804: 1774: 2796: 7673: 7556: 7415: 4050: 1101:

is extensive, and real firearms are rarely seen in Japan, but playing with toy weapons is acceptable and encouraged.

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others' perspectives, negotiate differences with others, and make friends," according to Peter Gray, a professor at

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was the first British person to study his approach and Fröbel urged her to transplant his concepts in England.

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Provision in Wales followed England until devolution and subsequently diverged. Now early years education in

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Curricula for preschool children have long been a hotbed for debate. Much of this revolves around content and

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An Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge: Being a Supplement to Mr. Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding

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Preschool education in Armenia starts at the age of 3 while primary level education begins at the age of 5.

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Fay, J. & Funk, D. (1995). Teaching with love & logic. Golden, CO: The Love & Logic Press, Inc.

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define expected outcomes even at this age. In some areas, the provision of nursery school services is on a

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and worked to enhance educational standards for kindergarten teachers by establishing what became the

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In 2022, 68% of 4-year-olds in the United States attended preschool, with 32% not participating.

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Condillac, E. B. (1754/1982). Traité des sensations . Genève: Slatkine reprints. Retrieved from

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Later, women trained by Fröbel opened Kindergartens throughout Europe and around the World. The

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Numeracy task completed by a three-year-old at nursery in the United Kingdom during the 2000s

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Making Investments in Young Children: What the Research on Early Care and Education Tells Us

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Enriching Children, Enriching the Nation: Public Investment in High-Quality Prekindergarten

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http://www.dcya.gov.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=%2Fdocuments%2Fchildcare%2FECCE_guideforparents.htm

2697:"Early Childhood." Department of Education and Skills. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 November 2015. 1354:

which identifies Outcomes & Experiences around the following eight curricular areas:

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Glasser, W. (1984). Self-importance boosts learning. The School Administrator 45, 16–18.

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after their third birthday is now entitled to 15 hours per week free childcare funding.

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with direct funding by local education authorities. Every child in England at the first

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Symposium conducted at the meeting of the AEFA Annual Conference, Baltimore, Maryland.

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Larry Prochner, "A History of Early Education and Child Care in Canada, 1820–1966" in

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Responsibility for the review of care standards in Scottish nurseries rests with the

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and the first publicly financed kindergarten in the United States was established in

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Investing against Evidence: The Global State of Early Childhood Care and Education

5535: 5530: 5412: 5407: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5299: 5259: 4847: 4729: 4685: 4675: 4509: 4388: 3567: 3483: 3150: 3133: 2934:"DELLS – Desirable outcomes for children's learning before compulsory school age" 2870: 2851: 2724: 2705: 1739:

Vag, Otto (March 1975). "The Influence of the English Infant School in Hungary".

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on 14,000 preschools revealed that while there is a temporary cognitive boost in

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The following terms may be used for educational institutions for this age group:

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Preschool systems observe standards for structure (administration, class size,

383: 371: 274: 225: 74: 5633: 1891:

Ronalds, B.F. (2023). "Emily Ronalds (1795-1889) and her Social Reform Work".

1801:"Education in Robert Owen's New Society: the New Lanark Institute and schools" 688:

was the first publicly funded preschool program in the US, created in 1965 by

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starts at the age of 5 while primary level education begins at the age of 6.

653: 614: 498: 205: 5643: 1800: 1778: 528:, opened the first British and probably globally the first infant school in 5728: 5658: 5520: 4910: 4602: 4587: 4527: 4393: 4241: 4210: 4114: 4096: 3789: 3667: 3647: 3637: 3627: 2792: 2446: 2391: 1410: 1115: 1074: 610: 602: 583: 456: 220: 5653: 2531:

Beyond the School Yard: Pre-K Collaborations with Community-Based Partners

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History of Early Childhood Education in Canada, Australia and New Zealand

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This article is about schools for younger children. For other uses, see

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Center for Public Education. (March 2007). Retrieved 2 July 2009, from

2318:"Percentage of pre-school enrollment in the U.S. 2022, by age and type" 1752: 1210:

or limited basis while other governments fund nursery school services.

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that require punishing children who bring or make toy guns at school.

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Translated from the French of the Abbé de Condillac by Thomas Nugent.

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Pianta, Barnett, Thornburg, Robert C. , W. Steven , Kathy R. (2009).

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Disabilities – All programs fully include children with disabilities

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Dustmann, Christian; Fitzenberger, Bernd; Machin, Stephen (2008).

668:(teacher training) opened a department for Kindergarten teaching. 5354: 4705: 4700: 4296: 4291: 3539: 3478: 3432: 2631:. UNESCO Policy Brief on Early Childhood. No. 26, September 2004. 1858:. London: W. Simpkin & R. Marshall, Goyder, printer. p. 1544: 1195:

Nursery in England is also called FS1 which is the first year of

571:('angel garden' in Hungarian) on 27 May 1828 in her residence in 514: 510: 148: 3050:

Preschool in three cultures: Japan, China, and the United States

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http://www.education.ie/en/The-Education-System/Early-Childhood/

1881:

Public Preschool Education in Hungary: A Historical Survey, 1980

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approach. During these times, some children draw or paint, some

1297:

Currently, the Early Years curriculum in Wales, produced by the

485:, one of the founders of preschool education. 1848 engraving by 4205: 4059: 4028: 3473: 3444: 3386: 3381: 3017: 1948:(eds. Larry Prochner and Nina Howe), Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000 1172: 506: 367: 138: 3046:

Davidson, Dana H.; Tobin, Joseph Jay; Wu, David Y. H. (1989).

2734: 2732: 1147:. Children are taught to enjoy military games and to hate the 37:"Preschooler" redirects here. For the stage of childhood, see 3546: 3524: 3502: 3493: 3454: 3391: 2768:"Keeping Kids From Toy Guns: How One Mother Changed Her Mind" 1290: 1231:

foundation for good future progress through school and life.

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Preschools have adopted various methods of teaching, such as

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In 1802, Pauline zur Lippe established a preschool center in

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Boisterous play is accepted. Kids are allowed to play with

3296:(1954). "The science of learning and the art of teaching". 3125: 3118: 3111: 2729: 2572: 1707:

Female biography: containing notices of distinguished women

1445:

receive services in preschools. Since the enactment of the

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Welsh Assembly Government | What is the Foundation Phase?

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A 19-month-old girl after her first 9 hours at preschool

648:. Canada's first private kindergarten was opened by the 1163:. Preschools are governed by the local municipalities. 1479:

Parent education in early childhood education programs

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through play', which covers seven areas of learning:

2021:

Schaefer, Stephanie; Cohen, Julie. (December 2000).

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In the United States, students who may benefit from

3054:. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. pp. 2596: 2236:"Can Preschool Be Detrimental to Cognitive Growth?" 3079: 3047: 2820:"In North Korea, learning to hate US starts early" 2584: 2528: 2148:"Creative Learning Center Preschool DayCare Child" 1829:. Socialist-courier.blogspot.co.uk. 29 June 2012. 1238:statutory framework for education produced by the 1086:do not provide; unstructured play time is valued. 563:(1775–1861), who had known and been influenced by 3361: 3261: 1827:"Socialist – Courier: Robert Owen and New Lanark" 7748: 3287:. American Association of School Administrators. 3192:"Educational vouchers for universal pre-schools" 2793:"Pre-school Education in North Korea | THEAsiaN" 2629:Curriculum in early childhood education and care 2616:Curriculum Disputes in Early Childhood Education 2178:"Child care Centre in Singapore | Top Preschool" 1893:Transactions of the Unitarian Historical Society 532:, Scotland. In conjunction with his venture for 3045: 3004: 2750: 2738: 2685: 2369:Duncan, Dowsett, Greg J., Chantelle J. (2007). 2368: 2307:Gray, Peter. "Free to Learn," Basic Books 2016. 2285:. Universityofcalifornia.edu. 2 November 2005. 1729:in '‘Das Kita-Handbuch ‘‘, ed. Martin R. Textor 867:Curricula in early childhood care and education 748:Creative, expressive, and aesthetic development 7580: 7130: 3733: 3189: 1306:Personal and Social Development and Well Being 549:On the Importance of Educating the Infant Poor 5012: 4044: 3719: 3594: 3347: 3234: 3018:"Parent Cooperative Preschools International" 2980:. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. 2578: 2566: 2551: 2020: 1315:Bilingualism and Multi-cultural Understanding 613:on 28 June 1840. That same year the educator 319: 59:The examples and perspective in this article 27:Establishment for education of young children 7685:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 2817: 2459:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2404:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2345:"Preschool vs. no Preschool Statistics 2023" 2104:"A Curriculum Framework for Children 3 to 5" 1956: 1954: 1946:Early Childhood Care and Education in Canada 567:, was influenced by this example to open an 2899: 2897: 1855:The Importance of Educating the Infant Poor 1447:Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1309:Language, Literacy and Communication Skills 1019:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 940:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5019: 5005: 4051: 4037: 3726: 3712: 3601: 3587: 3354: 3340: 2838: 2640: 2529:Wat, Albert; Gayl, Chrisanne (July 2009). 1851: 1259:personal, social and emotional development 326: 312: 3210: 3131: 3084:. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. 3010: 2914:. Department for Education. 31 March 2021 2765: 1951: 1460: 1039:Learn how and when to remove this message 960:Learn how and when to remove this message 97:Learn how and when to remove this message 7382: 3082:Consultation in Early Childhood Settings 2894: 2371:"School Readiness and Later Achievement" 1741:International Journal of Early Childhood 1687:The economics of education and training. 1665:Turner, Martin; Rack, John Paul (2004). 1638: 1634: 1632: 1318:Knowledge and Understanding of the World 1199:before they go into primary or infants. 1068: 856: 758: 742:Knowledge and understanding of the world 699: 577: 477: 108: 6757: 5985: 5974: 3292: 3190:Levin, H. M.; Schwartz, H. L. (2007b). 3149: 2053: 2029:National Association of Child Advocates 1890: 1679: 14: 7749: 3609:Educational years in the United States 3282: 2766:Gross-Loh, Christine (9 August 2013). 2602: 2590: 2035:from the original on 26 September 2020 1639:Stephens, Terence (28 November 2013). 886: 695: 7579: 7381: 7129: 6756: 6377: 6376: 5984: 5973: 5675: 5038: 5000: 4032: 3707: 3582: 3335: 3132:Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de (1756). 2884:"BBC Parenting, Help with Child Care" 2761: 2759: 2473: 2002:from the original on 11 November 2010 1659: 1647:from the original on 12 December 2013 1629: 1161:Swedish National Agency for Education 1097:or to make toy swords out of paper. 628:in 1856 and was conducted in German. 4981: 4831:Ancient higher-learning institutions 3155:"Then and now. The theory of choice" 2667:from the original on 24 October 2018 2510:from the original on 3 December 2013 2421:"The Effects of Preschool Education" 2289:from the original on 7 November 2014 2233: 2128:from the original on 2 December 2013 1833:from the original on 23 October 2013 1807:from the original on 23 January 2013 1793: 1732: 1017:adding citations to reliable sources 984: 938:adding citations to reliable sources 905: 736:Communication, language and literacy 624:in the United States was founded in 597:institute in 1837 in the village of 45: 7731: 2854:, Scottish Government, January 2009 2650:. Paris, UNESCO. pp. 243–265. 2215:from the original on 3 October 2013 1738: 1709:Philadelphia: Thomas Wardle. p. 230 1617:from the original on 9 October 2016 1328: 704:Crafts at an Indian preschool, 2014 674:wrote extensively on the theory of 509:establishments were established in 24: 3073: 2826:from the original on 21 March 2016 2799:from the original on 20 March 2020 2756: 2634: 2608: 2426:American Psychological Association 2379:American Psychological Association 2158:from the original on 22 March 2017 1234:Pre-schools in England follow the 25: 7773: 3311: 3080:Buysee, V.; P. W. Wesley (2005). 3024:from the original on 15 June 2018 2641:Marope, P.T.M.; Kaga, Y. (2015). 2234:John, Martha Tyler (April 1986). 2066:from the original on 14 June 2011 1917:from the original on 21 June 2015 1186: 7730: 7721: 7720: 7708: 7244:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6738: 6729: 6728: 6286:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 6056:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5950: 4980: 4971: 4970: 4959: 4058: 4011: 3317: 3276:10.1097/00001163-199404000-00008 3221:10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.10.006 2342: 1913:. Watertown Historical Society. 1390: 1370:Religious & Moral Education, 989: 910: 732:social and emotional development 547:. In 1823, Wilderspin published 501:and Louise Scheppler founded in 290:Men in early childhood education 50: 3285:Preschool in the public schools 2970: 2952: 2926: 2876: 2857: 2811: 2785: 2710: 2691: 2621: 2522: 2496: 2467: 2412: 2362: 2336: 2310: 2301: 2275: 2227: 2195: 2170: 2140: 2114: 2096: 2078: 2054:Hanford, Emily (October 2009). 2047: 2014: 1938: 1929: 1903: 1884: 1875: 1866: 1845: 1819: 1511:Services provided by Head Start 1135:. Subjects include the life of 7401:Federated States of Micronesia 6696:British Indian Ocean Territory 1911:"Watertown Historical Society" 1775:"New Lanark Kids: Robert Owen" 1767: 1712: 1699: 1597: 1455:Individual Family Service Plan 1417:and the idea that everyone is 1121: 609:, Thuringia, which he renamed 392: 378:to children before they begin 13: 1: 5026: 3363:Development of the human body 3322:The dictionary definition of 3199:Economics of Education Review 3005:Davidson, Tobin & Wu 1989 2818:Lee, Jean H. (24 June 2012). 2751:Davidson, Tobin & Wu 1989 2686:Davidson, Tobin & Wu 1989 1985:. Scottish Government. 2008. 1705:Samuel Lorenzo Knapp (1846), 1591: 1483: 1451:Individualized Education Plan 893:Category:Education by country 852: 680:National College of Education 7369:United States Virgin Islands 5039: 4237:University technical college 2978:"Multi-State Study of Pre-K" 1540:Children's television series 1419:innocent until proven guilty 1236:Early Years Foundation Stage 1228:Early Years Foundation Stage 1141:Japanese occupation of Korea 1104: 714:The most important years of 7: 7131:Education in North America 1852:Wilderspin, Samuel (1823). 1533: 1340: 73:, discuss the issue on the 10: 7778: 7581:Education in South America 5676: 4166:College-preparatory school 3299:Harvard Educational Review 3264:Infants and Young Children 3039: 1487: 1394: 1276:expressive arts and design 1253:communication and language 1213: 1178: 1151:, or "American bastards". 1055: 890: 864: 835: 707: 565:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 473: 468: 462:stages of formal education 234:Institutions and standards 36: 32:Preschool (disambiguation) 29: 7702: 7659: 7586: 7492: 7469: 7388: 7344:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7262: 7136: 7109: 7061: 7023: 6765: 6724: 6683: 6643: 6385: 6299: 6274: 5993: 5980: 5969: 5945: 5899: 5865: 5824: 5806: 5767: 5749: 5715: 5691:Early childhood education 5684: 5671: 5621: 5451: 5398: 5220: 5073: 5045: 5034: 4954: 4933: 4903: 4866: 4826: 4819: 4763: 4722: 4666: 4657: 4620: 4611: 4551: 4544: 4406: 4371: 4282: 4259: 4250: 4176:Comprehensive high school 4146: 4105: 4077: 4067: 4006: 3960: 3926: 3885: 3867: 3828: 3810: 3776: 3752:Early childhood education 3745: 3614: 3555: 3463: 3405: 3369: 2990:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2966:UK Government Web Archive 2964:12 September 2008 at the 2864:Curriculum for Excellence 2579:Levin & Schwartz 2007 2567:Levin & Schwartz 2007 2552:Levin & Schwartz 2007 2480:Economic Policy Institute 2474:Lynch, Robert G. (2007). 2449:– via SageJournals. 1979:The Early Years Framework 1352:Curriculum for Excellence 1299:Welsh Assembly Government 1263:The four specific areas: 1204:Curriculum for Excellence 1166: 1154: 799:Economic Policy Institute 710:Early childhood education 676:early childhood education 650:Wesleyan Methodist Church 554: 376:early childhood education 368:educational establishment 201:Early childhood education 7552:Northern Mariana Islands 7364:Turks and Caicos Islands 6445:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 6041:Central African Republic 4533:State-integrated school 4407:By funding / eligibility 4186:Continuation high school 2850:11 November 2010 at the 2704:14 February 2016 at the 2439:10.1177/1529100610381908 2152:Creative Learning Center 1725:4 September 2013 at the 1312:Mathematical Development 1284: 1240:Department for Education 1128:education in North Korea 1064: 980: 901: 739:Mathematical development 499:Johann Friedrich Oberlin 7517:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6706:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4946:Educational institution 4566:Anarchistic free school 4312:Institute of technology 3182:Part B Data & Notes 2723:8 December 2015 at the 1436:zero-tolerance policies 1361:Health & Wellbeing, 1273:understanding the world 1249:The three prime areas: 1171:Preschool education in 1133:North Korean propaganda 586:in East Germany in 1956 280:Child Online Protection 7294:British Virgin Islands 6808:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4776:Compensatory education 4528:State or public school 4354:Upper division college 3248:Cite journal requires 2263:Cite journal requires 1872:Budapest Lexikon, 1993 1643:. ChildCareIntro.com. 1575:Reggio Emilia approach 1461:Cooperative preschools 1078: 862: 822:Reggio Emilia approach 764: 721:disadvantaged students 705: 607:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 587: 490: 342:(sometimes spelled as 118: 7495:and other territories 7234:Saint Kitts and Nevis 6201:São Tomé and Príncipe 6061:Republic of the Congo 4432:Comprehensive school 4359:Vocational university 2873:, Scottish Government 2869:1 August 2010 at the 2845:Early Years Framework 1667:The study of dyslexia 1072: 860: 762: 754:student–teacher ratio 703: 666:Toronto Normal School 638:Poppenhusen Institute 593:(1782–1852) opened a 581: 481: 112: 7383:Education in Oceania 6759:Education in Europe 6620:United Arab Emirates 5987:Education in Africa 5210:Instructional design 4895:in the United States 4786:Continuing education 4781:Compulsory education 4625:Free school movement 4593:Single-sex education 4578:International school 4561:Democratic education 4440:For-profit education 4427:Community day school 4322:Liberal arts college 4181:Comprehensive school 4171:Collegiate institute 2822:. Associated Press. 2739:Davidson et al. 1989 2394:– via apa.org. 2060:American Radio Works 1490:Head Start (program) 1476:Parent participation 1324:Creative Development 1321:Physical Development 1256:physical development 1073:Young children in a 1013:improve this section 934:improve this section 830:Forest kindergartens 745:Physical development 626:Watertown, Wisconsin 524:, a philosopher and 380:compulsory education 193:Educational settings 185:Pre-school playgroup 79:create a new article 71:improve this article 61:may not represent a 18:Pre-school education 7249:Trinidad and Tobago 7144:Antigua and Barbuda 7024:States with limited 6647:limited recognition 6276:States with limited 5975:Education by region 5701:Secondary education 5613:Teaching philosophy 5516:Pedagogical pattern 5459:21st century skills 5438:Religious education 5081:Aims and objectives 4904:Informal or illegal 4858:Medieval university 4801:Inclusive education 4771:College preparatory 4332:Residential college 4327:Research university 4264:Professional school 4139:/ Elementary school 3762:Secondary education 3283:Reeves, K. (2000). 3230:on 4 November 2012. 3007:, pp. 126–187. 2688:, pp. 188–221. 887:National variations 773:Stanford University 696:Developmental areas 487:John Rogers Herbert 7715:Schools portal 7184:Dominican Republic 6379:Education in Asia 5706:Tertiary education 5644:Learning resources 5135:Education sciences 4966:Schools portal 4871:indigenous peoples 4868:Schools imposed on 4806:Remedial education 4740:Distance education 4556:Alternative school 4545:By style / purpose 4520:Specialist school 4379:All-through school 4227:Sixth form college 3767:Tertiary education 3518:Emerging adulthood 2627:Bennett, J. 2004. 2482:. pp. 21–55. 1753:10.1007/bf03175934 1641:"Preschool Report" 1565:Poisonous pedagogy 1473:Parent involvement 1079: 863: 765: 706: 672:Elizabeth Harrison 634:Conrad Poppenhusen 622:First Kindergarten 588: 543:for inventing the 491: 356:pre-primary school 119: 7744: 7743: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7666:other territories 7575: 7574: 7567:Wallis and Futuna 7512:Clipperton Island 7470:Associated states 7377: 7376: 7266:other territories 7125: 7124: 6752: 6751: 6689:other territories 6372: 6371: 6303:other territories 6076:Equatorial Guinea 5965: 5964: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5800: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5737: 5696:Primary education 5667: 5666: 5556:Dialogic learning 5526:Teacher retention 5479:Critical thinking 5474:Class arrangement 5443:Special education 5118:Standardized test 5101:Course evaluation 4994: 4993: 4929: 4928: 4811:Special education 4791:Further education 4718: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4653: 4652: 4640:Montessori school 4635:Laboratory school 4598:Specialist school 4536: 4523: 4468:UK private school 4453: 4435: 4417: 4402: 4401: 4367: 4366: 4302:Community college 4274:Vocational school 4156:Adult high school 4070:educational stage 4026: 4025: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3757:Primary education 3701: 3700: 3576: 3575: 3440:Adult development 3418:Child development 3091:978-1-55766-774-8 3065:978-0-300-04235-1 2795:. 19 March 2019. 2753:, pp. 12–71. 2657:978-92-3-100113-0 2110:on 3 August 2010. 2092:on 7 August 2008. 1992:978-0-7559-5942-6 1781:on 15 August 2010 1695:978-3-7908-2021-8 1675:978-0-306-48531-2 1580:Waldorf education 1443:special education 1049: 1048: 1041: 970: 969: 962: 690:President Johnson 630:Elizabeth Peabody 595:Play and Activity 561:Theresa Brunszvik 540:Samuel Wilderspin 483:Samuel Wilderspin 422:takes place in a 350:), also known as 336: 335: 107: 106: 99: 81:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 7769: 7734: 7733: 7724: 7723: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7686: 7674:Falkland Islands 7588:Sovereign states 7577: 7576: 7557:Pitcairn Islands 7527:French Polynesia 7507:Christmas Island 7436:Papua New Guinea 7416:Marshall Islands 7389:Sovereign states 7379: 7378: 7334:Saint Barthélemy 7264:Dependencies and 7137:Sovereign states 7127: 7126: 7062:Dependencies and 6766:Sovereign states 6754: 6753: 6742: 6732: 6731: 6701:Christmas Island 6387:Sovereign states 6374: 6373: 6364: 6363:(United Kingdom) 6359:Tristan da Cunha 6355:Ascension Island 6347: 6334: 6325: 6301:Dependencies and 5994:Sovereign states 5982: 5981: 5971: 5970: 5954: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5872:Higher education 5868: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5813:Secondary school 5809: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5687: 5686: 5673: 5672: 5601:Student-centered 5586:Phenomenon-based 5576:Peer instruction 5541:Blended learning 5464:Bloom's taxonomy 5428:Gifted education 5423:Education reform 5255:Computer science 5036: 5035: 5021: 5014: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4984: 4983: 4974: 4973: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4853:Cathedral school 4836:Platonic Academy 4824: 4823: 4796:Gifted education 4750:Prison education 4696:Parochial school 4681:Christian school 4664: 4663: 4630:Folk high school 4618: 4617: 4549: 4548: 4534: 4522:(United Kingdom) 4521: 4505:Selective school 4451: 4433: 4415: 4269:Technical school 4257: 4256: 4221:Secondary school 4125:Global influence 4092:Pre-kindergarten 4075: 4074: 4053: 4046: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4015: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3933:Higher education 3929: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3874:Secondary school 3870: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3748: 3747: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3693:Thirteenth grade 3619:Pre-kindergarten 3603: 3596: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3556:Social and legal 3356: 3349: 3342: 3333: 3332: 3321: 3307: 3288: 3279: 3257: 3251: 3246: 3244: 3236: 3231: 3229: 3223:. 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Archived from 1771: 1765: 1764: 1736: 1730: 1718:Manfred Berger, 1716: 1710: 1703: 1697: 1683: 1677: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1636: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1616: 1609: 1601: 1570:Pre-kindergarten 1550:Education theory 1500:Early Head Start 1397:Pre-Kindergarten 1358:Expressive Arts, 1329:Northern Ireland 1084:nuclear families 1044: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1024: 993: 985: 965: 958: 954: 951: 945: 914: 906: 591:Friedrich Fröbel 328: 321: 314: 248:In loco parentis 242:Child protection 211:Pre-kindergarten 172:Outside the home 121: 120: 113:Preschoolers in 102: 95: 91: 88: 82: 54: 53: 46: 21: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7747: 7746: 7745: 7740: 7709: 7707: 7690: 7684: 7667: 7665: 7655: 7582: 7571: 7494: 7488: 7471: 7465: 7446:Solomon Islands 7384: 7373: 7267: 7265: 7258: 7132: 7121: 7105: 7063: 7057: 7043:Northern Cyprus 7025: 7019: 6940:North Macedonia 6761: 6748: 6720: 6688: 6679: 6660:Northern Cyprus 6646: 6639: 6381: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6345: 6332: 6323: 6304: 6302: 6295: 6279: 6277: 6270: 5989: 5976: 5961: 5960: 5941: 5932: 5923: 5915: 5908: 5886: 5874: 5855: 5846: 5838: 5833: 5815: 5796: 5787: 5779: 5774: 5758: 5739: 5731: 5724: 5680: 5663: 5617: 5536:Active learning 5531:Teaching method 5506:Learning theory 5447: 5413:Autodidacticism 5408:Adult education 5394: 5335:Performing arts 5216: 5123:Teacher quality 5113:Standards-based 5069: 5041: 5030: 5025: 4995: 4990: 4960: 4958: 4950: 4925: 4899: 4890:in South Africa 4873: 4869: 4862: 4848:Monastic school 4815: 4759: 4730:Boarding school 4710: 4686:Female seminary 4676:Catholic school 4649: 4607: 4540: 4510:Separate school 4398: 4389:One-room school 4363: 4307:Graduate school 4278: 4246: 4142: 4101: 4079:Early childhood 4063: 4057: 4027: 4022: 4021: 4002: 3993: 3984: 3976: 3969: 3947: 3935: 3916: 3907: 3899: 3894: 3876: 3857: 3848: 3840: 3835: 3819: 3800: 3792: 3785: 3741: 3732: 3702: 3697: 3610: 3607: 3577: 3572: 3568:Age of majority 3551: 3484:Early childhood 3459: 3406:Birth and after 3401: 3397:Gestational age 3365: 3360: 3314: 3249: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3227: 3212:10.1.1.503.4256 3194: 3168: 3166: 3104:3 July 2013 at 3092: 3076: 3074:Further reading 3066: 3042: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2983: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2957: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2940:on 3 March 2016 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2871:Wayback Machine 2862: 2858: 2852:Wayback Machine 2843: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2764: 2757: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2730: 2725:Wayback Machine 2715: 2711: 2706:Wayback Machine 2696: 2692: 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2565: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2490: 2472: 2468: 2452: 2451: 2417: 2413: 2397: 2396: 2373: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2264: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2243: 2242:on 15 June 2010 2232: 2228: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2161: 2159: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2102: 2101: 2097: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2056:"Early Lessons" 2052: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1968: 1959: 1952: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1920: 1918: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1850: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1810: 1808: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1773: 1772: 1768: 1737: 1733: 1727:Wayback Machine 1717: 1713: 1704: 1700: 1684: 1680: 1664: 1660: 1650: 1648: 1637: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1536: 1492: 1486: 1463: 1407:learning center 1399: 1393: 1385:Care Commission 1343: 1331: 1287: 1216: 1189: 1181: 1169: 1157: 1124: 1107: 1067: 1058: 1045: 1034: 1028: 1025: 1010: 994: 983: 966: 955: 949: 946: 931: 915: 904: 895: 889: 869: 855: 838: 712: 698: 664:. In 1885, the 658:Berlin, Ontario 599:Bad Blankenburg 557: 476: 471: 395: 389: 332: 144:Extended family 103: 92: 86: 83: 68: 55: 51: 42: 39:Early childhood 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7775: 7765: 7764: 7759: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7738: 7728: 7718: 7703: 7700: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7688: 7681: 7676: 7670: 7668: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7592: 7590: 7584: 7583: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7547:Norfolk Island 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7502:American Samoa 7498: 7496: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7475: 7473: 7472:of New Zealand 7467: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7385: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7354:Sint Eustatius 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7299:Cayman Islands 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7270: 7268: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7257: 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5840: 5835: 5825: 5818: 5817: 5807: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5768: 5761: 5760: 5756:Primary school 5750: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5726: 5716: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5469:Cognitive load 5466: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5226: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5212: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5140:Evidence-based 5137: 5132: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5074:By perspective 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5051: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5032: 5031: 5024: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4978: 4968: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4935: 4934:Related topics 4931: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4921:in South Tyrol 4918: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4885:in New Zealand 4882: 4876: 4874: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4827: 4821: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4755:Virtual school 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4645:Waldorf school 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4574: 4573: 4571:Sudbury school 4568: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4530: 4525: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4465: 4463:Private school 4460: 4455: 4447: 4445:Free education 4442: 4437: 4429: 4424: 4422:Charter school 4419: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4317:Junior college 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4288: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4218: 4216:Minor seminary 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4191:Grammar school 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4137:Primary school 4134: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4083: 4081: 4072: 4065: 4064: 4056: 4055: 4048: 4041: 4033: 4024: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4008: 4007: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3971: 3961: 3954: 3953: 3942: 3937: 3927: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3886: 3879: 3878: 3868: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3829: 3822: 3821: 3817:Primary school 3811: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3787: 3777: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3731: 3730: 3723: 3716: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3683:Eleventh grade 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3605: 3598: 3591: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3508:Preadolescence 3500: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3467: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3313: 3312:External links 3310: 3309: 3308: 3294:Skinner, B. F. 3290: 3280: 3259: 3250:|journal= 3232: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3175: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3129: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3096: 3090: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3064: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3009: 2997: 2969: 2951: 2925: 2893: 2875: 2856: 2837: 2810: 2784: 2755: 2743: 2728: 2709: 2690: 2678: 2656: 2633: 2620: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2571: 2556: 2544: 2521: 2495: 2489:978-1932066289 2488: 2466: 2411: 2361: 2335: 2309: 2300: 2274: 2265:|journal= 2226: 2194: 2169: 2139: 2113: 2095: 2077: 2046: 2013: 1991: 1966: 1950: 1937: 1928: 1902: 1883: 1874: 1865: 1844: 1818: 1792: 1766: 1747:(1): 132–136. 1731: 1711: 1698: 1678: 1669:. Birkhäuser, 1658: 1628: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1488:Main article: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1462: 1459: 1392: 1389: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376:Social Studies 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1342: 1339: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1286: 1283: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1215: 1212: 1188: 1187:United Kingdom 1185: 1180: 1177: 1168: 1165: 1156: 1153: 1123: 1120: 1106: 1103: 1066: 1063: 1057: 1054: 1047: 1046: 997: 995: 988: 982: 979: 968: 967: 918: 916: 909: 903: 900: 888: 885: 865:Main article: 854: 851: 837: 834: 785:Boston College 750: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 708:Main article: 697: 694: 662:Central School 556: 553: 475: 472: 470: 467: 466: 465: 453: 445: 439: 433: 430:Nursery school 427: 424:nursery school 394: 391: 384:primary school 372:learning space 352:nursery school 334: 333: 331: 330: 323: 316: 308: 305: 304: 303: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 275:Child marriage 272: 264: 263: 259: 258: 257: 256: 251: 244: 236: 235: 231: 230: 229: 228: 226:Primary school 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 195: 194: 190: 189: 188: 187: 182: 174: 173: 169: 168: 167: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 133: 132: 128: 127: 105: 104: 87:September 2022 65:of the subject 63:worldwide view 58: 56: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7774: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7737: 7729: 7727: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7705: 7704: 7701: 7687: 7682: 7680: 7679:French Guiana 7677: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7663: 7658: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7542:New Caledonia 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7522:Easter Island 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7380: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7261: 7255: 7254:United States 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7135: 7128: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7076:Faroe Islands 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7048:South Ossetia 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6900:Liechtenstein 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6735: 6727: 6726: 6723: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6686: 6682: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6670:South Ossetia 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6375: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6349: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6306: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6273: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6116:Guinea-Bissau 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5968: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5919: 5914: 5911: 5907: 5906:Undergraduate 5904: 5903: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5861: 5842: 5836: 5832: 5831:Middle school 5829: 5828: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5802: 5783: 5777: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5745: 5735: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5679: 5674: 5670: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5596:Project-based 5594: 5592: 5591:Problem-based 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5551:Demonstration 5549: 5547: 5546:Contemplative 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5433:Homeschooling 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5280:Environmental 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5205:Instructional 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5108:Psychometrics 5106: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5017: 5015: 5010: 5008: 5003: 5002: 4999: 4987: 4979: 4977: 4969: 4967: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4865: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4745:Homeschooling 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4671:Bible college 4669: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4583:Magnet school 4581: 4579: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4535:(New Zealand) 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4498:international 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4384:Middle school 4382: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4232:Studio school 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223:/ High school 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4161:Cadet college 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4132:Junior school 4130: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4120:Infant school 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4054: 4049: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4031: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3980: 3975: 3972: 3968: 3967:Undergraduate 3965: 3964: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3922: 3903: 3897: 3893: 3892:Middle school 3890: 3889: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3844: 3838: 3833: 3832: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3806: 3796: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3688:Twelfth grade 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3663:Seventh grade 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3590: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3328:at Wiktionary 3327: 3326: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3242: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3107: 3106:archive.today 3103: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3067: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3051: 3044: 3043: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2993: 2987: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2955: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2913: 2906: 2900: 2898: 2889: 2885: 2879: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2860: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2760: 2752: 2747: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2646: 2645: 2637: 2630: 2624: 2617: 2611: 2604: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2581:, p. 14. 2580: 2575: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2553: 2548: 2532: 2525: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2491: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2470: 2462: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2415: 2407: 2401: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2372: 2365: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2304: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2270: 2257: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2211: 2204: 2198: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2127: 2123: 2117: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2081: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2050: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2017: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1971: 1963: 1957: 1955: 1947: 1941: 1932: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1898: 1894: 1887: 1878: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1848: 1832: 1828: 1822: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1780: 1776: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1715: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1662: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1633: 1613: 1606: 1600: 1596: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1491: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 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