310:
289:
P&W's actions and said the problem was now with A&P Alloys, the supplier. The US Defense
Contract Management Agency wrote in June 2014 that Pratt & Whitney's "continued poor management of suppliers is a primary driver for the increased potential problem notifications." A&P Alloys stated that they stood behind their product even though they were not given access to the parts to do their own testing. Tracy Miner, an attorney with Boston-based Demeo LLP representing A&P Alloys said, "it is blatantly unfair to destroy A&P’s business without allowing A&P access to the materials in question"
254:
386:(RAM). Afterburner fuel injectors are integrated into these vanes, which block line-of-sight of the turbines, contributing to aft-sector stealth. The axisymmetric nozzle consists of fifteen partially overlapping flaps that create a sawtooth pattern at the trailing edge. This creates shed vortices and reduces the infrared signature of the exhaust plume. The effectiveness is reportedly comparable to that of the F119's wedge nozzles, while being substantially more cost effective and lower maintenance.
322:
221:
29:
297:(1,000 °F). Micro cracks appeared in third-stage fan blades, according to program manager Christopher Bogdan, causing blades to separate from the disk. The failed blades punctured a fuel tank and hot air mixing with fuel caused the fire. As a short term fix, each aircraft is flown on a specific flight profile to allow the rotor seal to wear a mating groove in the stator to prevent excessive rubbing.
401:
system is designed to provide real time data to maintainers on the ground. This allows them to troubleshoot problems and prepare replacement parts before the aircraft returns to base. According to Pratt & Whitney, this data may help drastically reduce troubleshooting and replacement time, as much as 94% over legacy engines.
194:. Pratt & Whitney is the prime contractor for the main engine, and systems integration. Rolls-Royce is responsible for the vertical lift system for the STOVL aircraft. Hamilton Sundstrand is responsible for the electronic engine control system, actuation system, PMAG, gearbox, and health monitoring systems.
264:
As of 2009, P&W developed a more durable version of the F135 engine to increase the service life of key parts. The life expectancy of the parts was reduced because the hot sections of the engine (combustor and high-pressure turbine blades specifically) ran hotter than expected. The test engine is
288:
In May 2014, Pratt & Whitney discovered conflicting documentation about the origin of titanium material used in some of its engines, including the F135. The company assessed that the uncertainty did not pose a risk to safety of flight but suspended engine deliveries as a result. Bogdan supported
409:
Although no service has issued a requirement for an upgraded engine, Pratt and
Whitney is cooperating with the US Navy on a two-block improvement plan for the F135 engine. The goals of Block 1 are a 7–10% increase in thrust and a 5–7% lower fuel burn. The plans include better cooling technology for
364:
A higher bypass ratio increases the thrust for the same engine power as a fundamental consequence of transferring power from a small diameter propelling jet to a larger diameter one. When the F135 is providing vertical lift using the increased bypass ratio from the lift fan, the thrust augmentation
356:
In this configuration most of the bypass flow is ducted to the wing nozzles, known as roll posts. Some is used for cooling the rear exhaust nozzle, known as the 3-bearing swivel duct nozzle (3BSD). At the same time an auxiliary inlet is opened on top of the aircraft to provide additional air to the
284:
Air Force Lt. Gen. Christopher C. Bogdan, the executive officer of the F-35 program, has called out P&W for falling short on manufacturing quality of the engines and slow deliveries. His deputy director Rear
Admiral Randy Mahr said that P&W stopped their cost-cutting efforts after "they got
427:
At the end of May 2017 Pratt and
Whitney announced the F135 Growth Option 1 had finished testing and was available for production. The upgrade requires the changing of the power module on older engines and can be seamlessly inserted into future production engines at a minimal increase in unit cost
344:
There are two F135 variants: the -100 and the -600 versions. A -400 version is mentioned, similar to the -100, the main difference being the use of salt-corrosion resistant materials. The -600 is described below with an explanation of the engine configuration changes that take place for hovering.
400:
Improving engine reliability and ease of maintenance is a major objective for the F135. The engine has fewer parts than similar engines, which improves reliability. All line-replaceable components (LRCs) can be removed and replaced with a set of six common hand tools. The F135's health management
352:
The vertical thrust for the STOVL version is obtained from a two-stage lift fan (about 46%) in front of the engine, a vectoring exhaust nozzle (about 46%), and a nozzle in each wing using fan air from the bypass duct (about 8%). These contributions to the total lift are based on thrust values of
360:
The low pressure (LP) turbine drives the lift fan through a shaft extension on the front of the LP rotor and a clutch. The engine operates as a separate flow turbofan with a higher bypass ratio. The power to drive the fan—about 30,000 shp (22,000 kW)—is obtained from the LP turbine by
272:
P&W expected to deliver the F135 below the cost of the F119, even though it was a more powerful engine. However, in
February 2013 a cracked turbine blade was found during a scheduled inspection. The crack was caused by operating at high turbine temperatures for longer periods than usual. In
296:
maneuvering three weeks before the flight, flexing of the engine caused excessive rubbing at the seal between the fan blisk and the fan stator initiating the impending failure. The rub caused a temperature of over 1,000 °C (1,900 °F), well beyond the material limit of 540 °C
378:
of the power available for hot nozzle thrust to the lift fan reduces the temperature and velocity of the rear lift jet impinging on the ground. The F-35 can achieve a limited 100% throttle cruise without afterburners of Mach 1.2 for 150 miles (240 km; 130 nmi).
165:
developed and patented a concept aircraft and propulsion system, and then turned to Pratt & Whitney (P&W) to build a demonstrator engine. The ground test demonstrator used the first stage fan from a F119 engine for the lift fan. The engine fan and core from the
277:
failed at 77% of its expected life during a ground test. It was to be replaced by a solid part adding 6 lb (2.7 kg) in weight. In 2013, a former P&W employee was caught attempting to ship "numerous boxes" of sensitive information about the F135 to Iran.
249:
engine in July 2009. In 2010, the
Pentagon planned for the two propulsion systems to be competitively tendered. However, since 2006 the Defense Department has not requested funding for the alternate F136 engine program, but Congress has maintained program funding.
353:
18,680 lbf (83.1 kN), 18,680 lbf (83.1 kN) and 3,290 lbf (14.6 kN) respectively. Another source gives thrust values of 20,000 lbf (89 kN), 18,000 lbf (80 kN), and 3,900 lbf (17 kN) respectively.
1599:
236:
The first production propulsion system for operational service was scheduled for delivery in 2007 with the purpose of serving the U.S., UK, and other international customers. The initial F-35s went into production with the F135 engines, but the
1847:
440:, parent company of P&W, announced Growth Option 2.0 to help provide increased power and thermal management system (PTMS) capacity, providing options for operators for instance if they are wishing to upgrade to heavier weapons.
174:
was used for the low-pressure turbine of the demonstrator engine. The larger turbine was used to provide the additional power required to operate the lift fan. Finally, a variable thrust deflecting nozzle was added to complete the
1062:
939:"The Shaft Driven Lift Fan Propulsion System For The Joint Strike Fighter" Paul M. Bevilaqua, American Helicopter Society 53rd Annual Forum, Virginia Beach, April 29-May 1, 1997. Fig. 6 Turbine Performance Map
300:
Pratt & Whitney managed to meet their 2015 production goals, but "recurring manufacturing quality issues" in turbine blades and electronic control systems required engines to be pulled from the fleet.
1348:
292:
In July 2014 there was an uncontained failure of a fan rotor while the aircraft was preparing for take-off. The parts passed through a fuel tank and caused a fire, grounding the F-35 fleet. During
1851:
281:
Despite the troubles, the 100th engine was delivered in 2013. LRIP-6 was agreed in 2013 for $ 1.1 billion for 38 engines of various types, which helped to decrease the unit cost.
1759:"The Shaft Driven Lift Fan Propulsion System for the Joint Strike Fighter" Paul M. Bevilaqua, American Helicopter Society 53rd Annual Forum, Virginia Beach, April 29-May 1, 1997
3960:
3046:
848:"F135 Engine Exceeds 12,000 Engine Test Hours as Pratt & Whitney Prepares to Deliver First Production Engines" (2009). Pratt & Whitney press release. July 28, 2009.
428:
and no impact to delivery schedule. The Growth Option 1 offers an improvement of 6–10% thrust across the F-35 flight envelope while also getting a 5–6% fuel burn reduction.
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turbine blades; this would increase the longevity of the engine and substantially reduce maintenance costs. The goal of Block 2 is to work with the US Air Force's
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452:: Used in the F-35A Conventional Take-Off and Landing (CTOL) and F-35C naval (CV) variants; the naval variant incorporates salt-corrosion resistant materials
365:
is 50% with no increase in fuel flow. Thrust augmentation is 52% in conventional flight when using the afterburner, but with a large increase in fuel flow.
2177:
860:
3059:
3572:
2020:
1738:"Genesis of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter" Paul M. Bevilaqua, 2009 Wright Brothers Lecture, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 6, November–December 2009
382:
Like the F119, the F135 has a stealthy augmentor where traditional spray bars and flameholders are replaced by thick curved vanes coated with ceramic
3567:
3315:
3039:
2996:
1523:
3619:
2976:
1655:
134:, the F135 produces around 28,000 lbf (125 kN) of thrust and 43,000 lbf (191 kN) with afterburner. The F135 competed with the
3636:
3305:
3230:
2083:
1791:
while not technically a "supercruising" aircraft, can maintain Mach 1.2 for a dash of 150 miles without using fuel-gulping afterburners
1894:
1240:
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3015:
849:
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2981:
2197:
2118:
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1963:
414:, with the intention of introducing technology for an engine rated at 45,000 lb of thrust, to be used in a sixth-generation fighter.
2213:
1918:
1379:
209:, as the "F119-JSF". The F135 integrates the F119 core with new components optimized for the JSF. The F135 is assembled at a plant in
2429:
2337:
2076:
1209:
882:
1830:
1875:. AIAA/ICAS International Air and Space Symposium and Exposition: The Next 100 Years. 14–17 July 2003, Dayton, Ohio. AIAA 2003-2645.
1052:
Harrington, Caitlin. (2009) "Pratt & Whitney starts development of new F-35 test engine". Jane's
Defence Weekly, March 27, 2009.
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1432:
Sweetman, Bill, Butler Amy, and Guy Norris, There's the rub, Aviation Week & Space
Technology, September 8, 2014, pp.22-23
1131:
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1987:
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179:" demonstrator engine. This engine proved the lift-fan concept and led to the development of the current F135 engine.
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2234:
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1616:
797:
468:
246:
135:
108:
76:
2399:
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46 in (1,170 mm) maximum, 43 in (1,090 mm) fan inlet, 53 in (1,350 mm) lift fan inlet
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167:
127:
88:
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269:, and testing is expected to begin in 2010. This redesign has caused "substantial cost growth".
170:
were used for the core of the demonstrator engine, and the larger low-pressure turbine from the
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111:, a single-engine strike fighter. It has two variants; a Conventional Take-Off and Landing (
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3387:
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893:
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101:
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8:
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693:
548:
437:
191:
115:) variant used in the F-35A and F-35C, and a two-cycle Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (
2308:
1651:
183:
64:
1884:
Norris, Guy, Power plan, Aviation Week & Space
Technology, April 13–26, 2015, p.26
990:
341:
engine, the F135 is a mixed-flow afterburning turbofan with a new fan and LP turbine.
3945:
3893:
3798:
3673:
3542:
3359:
3352:
3347:
2024:
154:
2068:
3828:
3778:
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3577:
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3320:
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3155:
3150:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3095:
3085:
3075:
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1993:
1183:
962:
1992:. Vol. 129. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). pp. 34–37.
917:
3668:
3587:
3562:
3552:
3482:
2311:
1577:
924:
242:
187:
1747:"V/STOL by Vertifan" William T. Immenschuh, Flight International, 1 October 1964
3602:
2971:
2891:
1384:
1241:"Pentagon criticizes Pratt & Whitney for 'systemic' F-35 production issues"
950:
928:
195:
162:
2062:
861:"Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Succeeds In First Vertical Landing"
4008:
3888:
3858:
3853:
3823:
3803:
3502:
3457:
3407:
3337:
3275:
3145:
2319:
1107:"F-35 Lightning II Resume Flying – 'Blade Crack Caused By Stressful Testing'"
1091:
517:
46 in (1,170 mm) max., 43 in (1,090 mm) at the fan inlet
36:
F135 engine during the JSF System
Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase
3813:
3788:
3761:
3731:
3492:
3402:
3330:
3170:
3130:
3110:
2710:
1873:
Evolution of Propulsion Controls and Health Monitoring at Pratt and Whitney
715:
567:
330:
633:
Pratt & Whitney, TO-00-85-20, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
3607:
3532:
3507:
3497:
3447:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3250:
3100:
3090:
2136:
1997:
918:"Propulsion system for a vertical and short takeoff and landing aircraft"
285:
the monopoly". In 2013 the price of the F135 increased by $ 4.3 billion.
238:
206:
150:
131:
3688:
3527:
3477:
3472:
3462:
3392:
3374:
3235:
3195:
2789:
2063:
How The World's Most Powerful Fighter Jet Engine Is Made - Sam Eckholm
1919:
Pratt & Whitney launches Growth Option 2.0 upgrade for F135 engine
1158:"Former Pratt Employee Arrested Trying To Ship F-35 Documents To Iran"
3698:
3557:
3537:
3369:
2861:
2785:
2754:
2716:
2261:
2255:
688:
543:
214:
1349:"F-35 Head: Delays Coming if Test Planes Grounded Through September"
1295:"Cost to buy F-35 up 2 percent; to operate down 9 percent: Pentagon"
966:
321:
3713:
3067:
2600:
2505:
2464:
1016:"Pratt & Whitney's F-35 Victory Secures 4,250 Connecticut Jobs"
646:
503:
458:: Used in the F-35B Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (STOVL) variant
104:
44:
1936:"Pratt & Whitney Awarded with $ 5.7B F135 Production Contract"
153:, with efforts to develop a stealthy STOVL strike fighter for the
2872:
1524:"United Technologies' F-35 Engines Found to Have Recurring Flaws"
1210:"Pratt & Whitney, Pentagon Reach $ 1.1B Deal on F-35 Engines"
709:
705:
699:
560:
554:
293:
220:
1132:"Investigators Eye Third-Stage Turbine As F-35 Remains Grounded"
1611:
1380:"Pratt & Whitney Halted F-35 Engine Delivery Over Titanium"
988:
732:
584:
28:
1895:"Pratt & Whitney Validates Growth Option for F135 Engine"
1656:"Power for F-35B Short Take Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL)"
314:
274:
228:, roll posts, and rear vectoring nozzle, as designed for the
158:
116:
2307:
2053:
Pratt & Whitney F135 on the Pratt & Whittney website
1831:"Energy-Harvesting Sensors to Monitor Health of Jet Engines"
2899:
1965:
TO-00-85-20 (Engine Shipping Instructions, 1 February 2018)
349:
make up the Integrated Lift Fan Propulsion System (ILFPS).
112:
1578:"Pratt & Whitney F135 Turbofan Engine | PowerWeb"
1268:"Pratt must push harder to cut F-35 engine cost: Pentagon"
1408:"Sources: Engine 'Definitely' To Blame in June F-35 Fire"
1322:"Pratt halted F-35 engine shipments in May over titanium"
2017:
The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History
927:, United States Patent 5209428. PDF of original :
123:. The first production engines were delivered in 2009.
1216:. Gannett Government Media Corporation. Archived from
2267:
AN/AAQ-37 Electro-Optical Distributed Aperture System
2098:
1553:"X to F: F-35 Lightning II And Its X-35 Predecessors"
1471:"Bogdan: F-35 Engine Fix May be Ready by Year's End"
119:) variant used in the F-35B that includes a forward
2065:(Video touring the F135 and its manufacturing site)
951:"Joint Strike Fighter Dual-Cycle Propulsion System"
2021:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
487:Pratt & Whitney, Technical Order TO-00-85-20,
1617:"Integrated Lift Fan Gets Nod for Collier Trophy"
684:, 2 stage, contra-rotating, shaft driven lift fan
4006:
1871:Rajagopalan, R., Wood, B., Schryver, M. (2003).
1805:"The Physics And Techniques Of Infrared Stealth"
1710:"F-35B Lightning II Three-Bearing Swivel Nozzle"
877:
875:
873:
1985:
1933:
1686:
1650:
1588:
1371:
1958:
1956:
1462:
1444:"Blade 'Rubbing' At Root of F-35A Engine Fire"
743:41,000 lbf (182 kN) with afterburner
595:43,000 lbf (191 kN) with afterburner
592:28,000 lbf (125 kN) military thrust,
3040:
2293:
2127:
2084:
2041:. Jane's Aero Engines. Modified 10 July 2009.
1755:
1753:
911:
870:
740:27,000 lbf (120 kN) military thrust
357:engine with low distortion during the hover.
1734:
1732:
1730:
929:http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5209428.pdf
636:
1953:
1547:
1545:
1088:"Pentagon Ramps Up Pressure On F-35 Price."
763:3,600 °F (1,980 °C; 2,260 K)
612:3,600 °F (1,980 °C; 2,260 K)
313:Thrust vectoring nozzle of the F135-PW-600
3047:
3033:
2300:
2286:
2091:
2077:
1929:
1927:
1750:
1600:(subscription version, dated 10 July 2009)
973:
493:
257:An F135-PW-100 powerplant being tested at
1727:
1319:
1104:
948:
757:28:1 (conventional), 29:1 (powered lift),
273:December 2013 the hollow first stage fan
1848:"Pratt & Whitney F135 Press release"
1542:
1521:
1405:
1377:
720:0.56:1 conventional, 0.51:1 powered lift
621:4.36:1 military thrust, 6.70:1 augmented
489:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
474:
320:
308:
252:
219:
213:. Some parts of the engine are made in
2014:
1981:
1979:
1924:
1493:"Pentagon Implements F-35 Engine Fixes"
1468:
1238:
1155:
404:
4007:
3016:Pratt & Whitney Canada aeroengines
1768:
1762:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1490:
1469:McGarry, Brendan (15 September 2014).
1441:
1292:
1265:
1041:"US Senate axes F-35 alternate engine"
826:
824:
746:40,650 lbf (181 kN) hovering
245:team planned to develop a replacement
201:P&W developed the F135 from their
3028:
2281:
2072:
1346:
1207:
989:Communications and Marketing Branch.
949:Bevilaqua, Paul M. (September 2005).
16:Afterburning turbofan aircraft engine
4020:Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines
1976:
1972:(Technical report). 1 February 2018.
1809:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1802:
1046:
393:-powered sensors to monitor turbine
232:variant, at the Paris Air Show, 2007
198:is responsible for the fuel system.
1934:DP Staff Writer (October 5, 2019).
1633:
1522:Capaccio, Anthony (31 March 2016).
1320:Krauskopf, Lewis (29 August 2014).
1063:"Donley: No JSF Alternatives Exist"
821:
680:3 stage fan, 6 stage high-pressure
536:3-stage fan, 6-stage high-pressure
224:The F135-PW-600 engine mockup with
13:
1921:, Air Force Technology, 2018-06-14
1156:Dowling, Brian (13 January 2014).
942:
865:lockheedmartin.com, Press Release,
479:
412:Adaptive Engine Transition Program
14:
4036:
2235:General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136
2100:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
2046:
1598:. Jane's Information Group, 2009
1378:Capaccio, Tony (29 August 2014).
1347:Mehta, Aaron (3 September 2014).
1239:Dowling, Brian (March 26, 2014).
1043:. Flightglobal.com, 23 July 2009.
798:General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136
649:with shaft driven remote lift fan
645:Two-spool, axial flow, augmented
502:Two-spool, axial flow, augmented
469:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
417:
217:, Quebec, Canada, and in Poland.
136:General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136
109:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
77:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
1986:Langdon, Lee S. (1 April 2007).
1594:"The Pratt & Whitney F135".
1491:Osborn, Kris (31 October 2014).
1293:Shalal, Andrea (17 April 2014).
1208:Mehta, Aaron (23 October 2013).
724:
361:increasing the hot nozzle area.
27:
1912:
1887:
1878:
1865:
1840:
1823:
1796:
1741:
1702:
1680:
1613:National Aeronautic Association
1605:
1570:
1515:
1484:
1435:
1426:
1399:
1340:
1313:
1286:
1266:Shalal, Andrea (7 April 2014).
1259:
1232:
1201:
1176:
1149:
1124:
1098:
1080:
1055:
1033:
1008:
955:Journal of Propulsion and Power
671:
462:
2951:Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne
1771:"The F-35's Race Against Time"
1769:Tirpak, John (November 2012).
1406:Majumdar, Dave (7 July 2014).
982:
933:
854:
842:
625:
576:
563:, 2-stage low-pressure turbine
368:The transfer of approximately
141:
1:
3009:Joint development aeroengines
815:
667:7,260 lb (3,290 kg)
527:
523:6,422 lb (2,910 kg)
3058:gas turbine aircraft engine
2114:Joint Strike Fighter program
1442:Butler, Amy (13 July 2014).
182:The F135 team is made up of
7:
4015:Low-bypass turbofan engines
2162:Lockheed Martin Aeronautics
1086:Graham Warwick, Amy Butler
767:
704:Single stage high pressure
655:369 in (9,370 mm)
511:220 in (5,590 mm)
443:
205:turbofan, which powers the
161:program. Lockheed employee
10:
4041:
2946:Pratt & Whitney Canada
2198:Other nations' procurement
2037:Jane's Information Group.
1247:. Hartford (Conn.) Courant
761:Turbine inlet temperature:
610:Turbine inlet temperature:
3969:
3712:
3368:
3066:
3005:
2959:
2938:
2908:
2890:
2871:
2784:
2599:
2504:
2486:
2463:
2318:
2248:
2222:
2206:
2170:
2154:
2106:
2058:www.jsf.mil: F135 gallery
1803:Katz, Dan (7 July 2017).
1499:. Monster. Archived from
1355:. Gannett. Archived from
384:radar-absorbent materials
304:
146:The F135 originated with
35:
26:
21:
2992:Richard "Dick" Soderberg
2488:Free-piston gas turbines
2230:Pratt & Whitney F135
2039:Pratt & Whitney F135
1687:Rolls-Royce plc (2016).
1105:News Desk (March 2013).
991:"Home - Industry Canada"
810:List of aircraft engines
786:Pratt & Whitney F119
128:Pratt & Whitney F119
98:Pratt & Whitney F135
89:Pratt & Whitney F119
708:, 2-stage low pressure
637:General characteristics
494:General characteristics
211:Middletown, Connecticut
4025:2000s turbofan engines
3971:Adaptive cycle engines
3056:United States military
2240:Rolls-Royce LiftSystem
2015:Connors, Jack (2010).
1414:. U.S. Naval Institute
1164:. The Hartford Courant
774:Rolls-Royce LiftSystem
753:Overall pressure ratio
617:Thrust-to-weight ratio
602:Overall pressure ratio
559:1-stage high-pressure
431:
422:
347:Rolls-Royce LiftSystem
334:
318:
261:
233:
1775:Air Force Association
475:Specifications (F135)
324:
312:
256:
223:
2987:Frederick Rentschler
2188:Canadian procurement
2142:Lockheed Martin X-35
2019:. Reston. Virginia:
1998:10.1115/1.2007-APR-3
1668:on 24 September 2015
1615:(25 February 2002).
1359:on September 4, 2014
899:on 24 September 2015
405:Planned improvements
148:Lockheed Corporation
2910:Aeroderivative gas
2309:Pratt & Whitney
2193:Israeli procurement
2183:British procurement
1714:codeonemagazine.com
1652:Pratt & Whitney
1596:Jane's Aero Engines
1582:www.fi-powerweb.com
1557:codeonemagazine.com
1353:www.defensenews.com
1220:on October 24, 2013
1214:www.defensenews.com
780:Related development
438:United Technologies
192:Hamilton Sundstrand
184:Pratt & Whitney
138:to power the F-35.
130:engine used on the
126:Developed from the
65:Pratt & Whitney
3060:designation system
2420:Twin Wasp (R-2000)
2415:Twin Wasp (R-1830)
1899:www.prnewswire.com
1829:Swedberg, Claire.
1781:on 8 November 2012
1111:defense-update.com
1095:, 3 December 2010.
1039:Trimble, Stephen.
923:2012-02-25 at the
792:Comparable engines
335:
319:
262:
234:
107:developed for the
72:Major applications
4002:
4001:
3022:
3021:
2478:XH-3130 (XH-3730)
2275:
2274:
2150:
2149:
2130:
2030:978-1-60086-711-8
1528:www.bloomberg.com
1503:on 26 August 2019
1301:. Thomson Reuters
694:annular combustor
549:annular combustor
337:Derived from the
155:U.S. Marine Corps
94:
93:
4032:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3026:
3025:
2967:Leonard S. Hobbs
2465:H piston engines
2430:Twin Wasp Junior
2312:aircraft engines
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2249:Equipment fitted
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:F-35 development
2093:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2034:
2002:
2001:
1989:Fahrenheit 3,600
1983:
1974:
1973:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1850:. Archived from
1844:
1838:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1777:. Archived from
1766:
1760:
1757:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1661:. Archived from
1660:
1648:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1609:
1603:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1574:
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1549:
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1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1448:aviationweek.com
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
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1290:
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1252:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1184:"Press Releases"
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1136:aviationweek.com
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1102:
1096:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1067:aviationweek.com
1059:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1020:Hartford Courant
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
986:
980:
979:Connors, p. 171.
977:
971:
970:
946:
940:
937:
931:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
898:
892:. Archived from
887:
879:
868:
858:
852:
850:PR Newswire Link
846:
840:
839:
836:prattwhitney.com
828:
389:The engine uses
377:
376:
372:
85:
73:
53:
31:
19:
18:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3965:
3708:
3373:
3364:
3062:
3053:
3023:
3018:
3011:
3001:
2997:Andrew Willgoos
2955:
2934:
2912:turbine engines
2911:
2904:
2886:
2867:
2780:
2595:
2500:
2482:
2459:
2314:
2306:
2276:
2271:
2244:
2218:
2202:
2166:
2146:
2123:
2102:
2097:
2049:
2044:
2031:
2005:
1984:
1977:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1893:
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1888:
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1879:
1870:
1866:
1857:
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1814:
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1593:
1589:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1530:. Bloomberg L.P
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
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1453:
1451:
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1345:
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1318:
1314:
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1302:
1299:www.reuters.com
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1272:www.reuters.com
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1245:www.stripes.com
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1206:
1202:
1192:
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1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1162:www.courant.com
1154:
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1129:
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1103:
1099:
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1034:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
987:
983:
978:
974:
967:10.2514/1.15228
947:
943:
938:
934:
925:Wayback Machine
916:
912:
902:
900:
896:
885:
881:
880:
871:
859:
855:
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843:
830:
829:
822:
818:
770:
737:
727:
674:
639:
628:
589:
579:
530:
496:
482:
480:F135-PW-100/400
477:
465:
450:F135-PW-100/400
446:
434:
425:
420:
407:
374:
370:
369:
345:The engine and
307:
144:
83:
71:
52:National origin
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4038:
4028:
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4022:
4017:
4000:
3999:
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3831:
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3806:
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3791:
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3776:
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3634:
3628:
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3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
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3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
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3525:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
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3475:
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3465:
3460:
3455:
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3405:
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3395:
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3333:
3328:
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3318:
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3308:
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3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
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3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3178:
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3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
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3064:
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3052:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3029:
3020:
3019:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2977:Wright Parkins
2974:
2972:George J. Mead
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2892:Rocket engines
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
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2727:
2721:
2720:
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2708:
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2697:
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2687:
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2677:
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2637:
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2597:
2596:
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2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
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2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2473:X-1800/XH-2600
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
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2397:
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2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2320:Radial engines
2316:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2214:F-35 operators
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:US procurement
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2129:JSF contenders
2122:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2067:
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2048:
2047:External links
2045:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1975:
1970:U.S. Air Force
1952:
1923:
1911:
1886:
1877:
1864:
1839:
1837:, 31 May 2011.
1822:
1811:. Penton Media
1795:
1761:
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1701:
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1604:
1587:
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1339:
1326:news.yahoo.com
1312:
1285:
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1175:
1148:
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1097:
1079:
1054:
1045:
1032:
1007:
981:
972:
961:(5): 778–783.
941:
932:
910:
890:f135engine.com
869:
867:18 March 2010.
853:
841:
819:
817:
814:
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800:
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459:
453:
445:
442:
436:In June 2018,
433:
430:
424:
421:
419:
418:Growth options
416:
406:
403:
391:thermoelectric
306:
303:
196:Woodward, Inc.
163:Paul Bevilaqua
143:
140:
92:
91:
86:
84:Developed from
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
56:United States
54:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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1092:Aviation Week
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883:"F135 Engine"
878:
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804:Related lists
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157:under a 1986
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106:
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90:
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61:Manufacturer
60:
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55:
50:
49:
46:
43:
40:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3898:
3012:
2939:Subsidiaries
2744:
2258:
2229:
2155:Manufacturer
2038:
2016:
2008:Bibliography
1988:
1969:
1964:
1945:19 September
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:
1889:
1880:
1872:
1867:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1842:
1835:RFID Journal
1834:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1808:
1798:
1790:
1783:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1764:
1743:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1689:"Technology"
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1663:the original
1623:. Retrieved
1607:
1595:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:
1532:. Retrieved
1527:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1496:
1486:
1476:17 September
1474:. Retrieved
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1447:
1437:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1411:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1383:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:the original
1352:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1325:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1298:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1271:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1244:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1213:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1161:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1090:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1066:
1057:
1048:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
994:
984:
975:
958:
954:
944:
935:
913:
901:. Retrieved
894:the original
889:
864:
856:
844:
835:
803:
802:
791:
790:
779:
778:
760:
751:
730:
716:Bypass ratio
714:
698:
687:
677:
664:
658:
652:
642:
630:
629:
615:
609:
600:
582:
568:Bypass ratio
566:
553:
542:
533:
520:
514:
508:
499:
484:
483:
463:Applications
455:
449:
435:
426:
408:
399:
388:
381:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
343:
336:
331:powered lift
329:and smaller
299:
294:high g-force
291:
287:
283:
280:
271:
266:
263:
235:
230:F-35B V/STOL
200:
181:
176:
145:
125:
102:afterburning
97:
95:
3375:Turboshafts
2982:Perry Pratt
2790:Turboshafts
2445:Wasp Junior
2435:Wasp series
2425:Twin Wasp E
2410:Twin Hornet
2395:Double Wasp
2171:Procurement
2137:Boeing X-32
2107:Development
1497:dodbuzz.com
1391:5 September
1363:4 September
725:Performance
678:Compressor:
665:Dry weight:
626:F135-PW-600
577:Performance
534:Compressor:
521:Dry weight:
456:F135-PW-600
325:Diagram of
265:designated
243:Rolls-Royce
207:F-22 Raptor
188:Rolls-Royce
151:Skunk Works
142:Development
132:F-22 Raptor
4009:Categories
3689:LHTEC T800
3370:Turboprops
2960:Key people
2786:Turboprops
2450:Wasp Major
2400:Hornet (A)
2207:Operations
1858:2008-10-17
1785:4 November
1507:31 October
1224:23 October
1193:1 February
1168:13 January
1141:1 February
1116:1 February
1025:1 February
1000:1 February
816:References
689:Combustors
682:compressor
672:Components
544:Combustors
538:compressor
528:Components
175:"F100-229-
3714:Turbofans
3068:Turbojets
3013:See also:
2601:Turbofans
2506:Turbojets
2262:AN/APG-85
2256:AN/APG-81
1385:Bloomberg
1332:29 August
1328:. Reuters
1274:. Reuters
1251:March 26,
659:Diameter:
631:Data from
515:Diameter:
485:Data from
267:XTE68/LF1
215:Longueuil
3694:APW T800
3512:variants
2873:Propfans
2856:T800-APW
2711:SuperFan
2405:Hornet B
2373:R-2180-E
2368:R-2180-A
1815:12 April
1534:31 March
1450:. Penton
1305:18 April
995:ic.gc.ca
921:Archived
768:See also
731:Maximum
647:turbofan
583:Maximum
504:turbofan
444:Variants
397:health.
333:aircraft
226:lift fan
172:F100-229
168:F100-220
121:lift fan
105:turbofan
45:Turbofan
3510: (
2925:GG4/FT4
2920:GG3/FT3
2700:RTF-180
2670:PW1000G
2223:Engines
1940:DefPost
1904:21 July
1454:13 July
1278:8 April
1188:utc.com
1072:21 July
710:turbine
706:turbine
700:Turbine
653:Length:
561:turbine
555:Turbine
509:Length:
395:bearing
373:⁄
317:variant
2881:578-DX
2804:JFTD12
2706:STF200
2695:PW6000
2690:PW5000
2685:PW4000
2680:PW2000
2675:PW1120
2640:JTF10A
2609:GP7000
2388:R-4360
2383:R-2800
2378:R-2270
2363:R-2060
2358:R-2000
2353:R-1860
2348:R-1830
2343:R-1690
2338:R-1535
2333:R-1340
2027:
1719:29 May
1694:29 May
1672:29 May
1625:29 May
1562:29 May
1418:7 July
903:29 May
832:"F135"
733:thrust
585:thrust
572:0.57:1
305:Design
100:is an
3994:XA103
3989:XA102
3984:XA101
3979:XA100
3849:YF120
3326:YJ101
2798:APW34
2776:XA103
2771:XA101
2717:V2500
2665:JTF22
2660:JTF17
2655:JTF16
2650:JTF14
2645:JT10D
2635:JTF10
2328:R-985
1666:(PDF)
1659:(PDF)
1620:(PDF)
897:(PDF)
886:(PDF)
643:Type:
500:Type:
327:F-35B
315:STOVL
275:blisk
159:DARPA
117:STOVL
41:Type
22:F135
3961:F415
3956:F414
3951:F412
3946:F408
3941:F405
3936:F404
3931:F402
3926:F401
3921:F400
3914:F138
3909:F137
3904:F136
3899:F135
3894:F130
3889:F129
3884:F128
3879:F127
3874:F126
3869:F125
3864:F124
3859:F122
3854:F121
3844:F119
3839:F118
3834:F117
3829:F113
3824:F112
3819:F110
3814:F109
3809:F108
3804:F107
3799:F106
3794:F105
3789:F104
3784:F103
3779:F102
3774:F101
3769:F100
3762:TF41
3757:TF39
3752:TF37
3747:TF35
3742:TF34
3737:TF33
3732:TF32
3727:TF31
3722:TF30
3704:T901
3699:T900
3684:T708
3679:T706
3674:T703
3669:T702
3664:T701
3659:T700
3652:T408
3647:T407
3642:T406
3637:T405
3632:T400
3625:T101
3620:T100
3360:J700
3353:J403
3348:J402
3343:J401
3338:J400
3331:J102
3321:J100
3301:YJ93
3171:XJ49
3131:XJ41
3116:XJ38
2900:RL10
2862:T900
2846:XT57
2836:XT45
2766:TF33
2761:TF30
2750:F401
2745:F135
2740:F119
2735:F117
2730:F105
2725:F100
2630:JT9D
2625:JT8D
2620:JT4D
2615:JT3D
2549:JT12
2544:JT11
2534:JT8A
2519:JT4A
2514:JT3C
2440:Wasp
2025:ISBN
1947:2020
1906:2017
1817:2019
1787:2012
1721:2016
1696:2016
1674:2016
1627:2016
1564:2016
1536:2016
1509:2014
1478:2014
1456:2014
1420:2014
1393:2014
1365:2014
1334:2014
1307:2014
1280:2014
1253:2014
1226:2013
1195:2015
1170:2014
1143:2015
1118:2015
1074:2017
1027:2015
1002:2015
905:2016
606:28:1
339:F119
259:AEDC
247:F136
203:F119
190:and
177:Plus
113:CTOL
96:The
3613:T80
3608:T78
3603:T76
3598:T74
3593:T73
3588:T72
3583:T71
3578:T70
3573:T69
3568:T68
3563:T67
3558:T66
3553:T65
3548:T64
3543:T63
3538:T62
3533:T61
3528:T60
3523:T58
3518:T57
3508:T56
3503:T55
3498:T54
3493:T53
3488:T52
3483:T51
3478:T50
3473:T49
3468:T48
3463:T47
3458:T46
3453:T45
3448:T44
3443:T43
3438:T42
3433:T41
3428:T40
3423:T39
3418:T38
3413:T37
3408:T36
3403:T35
3398:T34
3393:T33
3388:T31
3383:T30
3316:J99
3311:J97
3306:J95
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