32:
2605:
2619:
300:
710:'s work by a non-lawyer for money. There is some agreement that appearing in a legally constituted court in a legal proceeding to represent clients (particularly for a fee) is considered to be unauthorized practice of law. But other variations are subject to interpretation and conflicting regulation, particularly as to the scope and breadth of the prohibition.
846:, it is a criminal offence if an unauthorised person pretends to be a qualified lawyer or carries out any act that may be performed only by a qualified lawyer. The relevant provision is section 33 of the Legal Profession Act. The acts that may be performed only by a qualified lawyer are set out in section 33 of the Legal Profession Act and case law.
737:
arbitrators in disputes. For example, there is a growing conflict between the multijurisdictional practice of law in arbitration proceedings in the financial service industry and state regulation of lawyers. With a few exceptions, the general rule is that an appearance at an arbitration does not constitute the practice of law.
816:, 90 Ariz. 76 (1961). This ruling imposed sanctions on a title and realty company engaged in drafting contracts. Rose says, "Throughout the country, various jurisdictions have developed numerous tests for defining the practice of law. But none is broader nor more all-encompassing than that articulated in
759:
law generally prohibits a person who is not an attorney from representing a client in a personal injury or property damage matter, and punishes a violation as a misdemeanor. Some states also criminalize the separate behavior of falsely claiming to be lawyer (in Texas, for example, this is a felony if
777:
offense" to knowingly to engage in the unauthorized practice of law, and a "crime in the fourth degree" to commit UPL if one (a) creates a false impression that one is a lawyer; (b) derives a benefit from UPL, or (c) causes an injury by UPL. In a 2015 survey by the
American Bar Association, Florida
731:
Certain activities, such as the representation of another person in litigation, are generally proscribed. Even in that area, many jurisdictions recognize exceptions for such matters as small-claims and landlord-tenant tribunals and certain proceedings in administrative agencies. Moreover, many
736:
What is more controversial is out-of-court activities, particularly drafting of documents and giving advice, and whether that is considered to be unauthorized practice of law. Some states have defined the "practice of law" to include those who appear as a representative in arbitration or act as
828:
In the United States, the rules of professional conduct generally prohibit an attorney from assisting a non-attorney from engaging in the unauthorized practice of law. An attorney therefore may not partner with or split fees with a non-attorney in the performance of any sort of legal work.
781:
The state has interest in protecting the public from having unqualified persons hold themselves out as licensed professionals, but the existence of laws against unauthorized practice of itself does not guarantee that unlicensed professionals will be detected and those laws enforced.
811:
in 1985. Rose suggests that legislative proposals to recriminalize the unauthorized practice of law have heretofore failed because of anti-lawyer sentiment in
Arizona politics. Moreover, Rose asserts that resentment lingers from an unpopular interpretation of the old statute in
752:
has held that "definition of lien law terms, warnings regarding time requirements, and reminders about sending out preliminary notices within five to ten days of beginning work, when combined with its preparation of legal documents , constitute providing legal advice."
794:
characterized as an attempt to perpetuate a monopoly to the disadvantage of consumers. The judge observed that the legal profession is "a cartel of providers of services relating to society's laws" which cartel's focus is to restrict entry. "Modern economists call it
673:
are among the organizations that are concerned with the interests of lawyers as a profession and the promulgation of uniform standards of professionalism and ethics, but regulation of the practice of law is left to the individual states, and their definitions vary.
768:
Criminal laws and enforcement of "Unauthorized
Practice of Law (UPL)" statutes is the organized bar's preferred method. In Florida, the unauthorized practice of law is a third degree felony, which is punishable by up to six months in prison and $ 5000 in fines.
1377:
1174:(2016)("Any person not licensed or otherwise authorized to practice law in this state who practices law in this state or holds himself or herself out to the public as qualified to practice law in this state ... commits a felony of the third degree."
725:
The definitions and tests employed by courts to delineate unauthorized practice by non-lawyers have been vague or conclusory, while jurisdictions have differed significantly in describing what constitutes unauthorized practice in particular
1031:
806:
for a time. However, the
Arizona Supreme Court found independent inherent authority to regulate the practice of law. Arizona's statute criminalizing unauthorized practice of law was allowed to lapse from a
1032:"BNA INSIGHTS: State Regulation of Unauthorized Practice of Law in Arbitration and Mediation: The Trend Toward Permitting Multijurisdictional Practice in Alternative Dispute Resolution"
745:
901:
714:
defines unauthorized practice of law as "The practice of law by a person, typically a nonlawyer, who has not been licensed or admitted to practice law in a given jurisdiction."
829:
Furthermore, an attorney may not employ a disbarred or suspended attorney in a legal practice where former clients of the disbarred or suspended attorney will be represented.
228:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1346:, 198 Ariz. 539 (2000). See generally Jonathan Rose, "Unauthorized Practice of Law in Arizona: A Legal and Political Problem That Won't Go Away", 34 Ariz. St. L.J. 585.
362:
732:
jurisdictions have authorized law students and others not locally admitted to represent indigent persons or others as part of clinical legal education programs. ...
1262:
998:
799:', but throughout recorded history, skilled crafts and professions have tried to raise their members' incomes by using the power of the state to limit entry."
1147:
275:
617:(LDAs) are offering services which have traditionally been offered only by lawyers and their employee paralegals. Many documents may now be created by
1243:
1108:
1214:
1062:
593:. However, there is a substantial amount of overlap between the practice of law and various other professions where clients are represented by
42:
748:
has held that "providing clients with explanations or definitions of such legal terms of art ... is, by itself, giving legal advice." The
990:
912:
871:
654:
540:
268:
2586:
1072:
261:
1405:
1278:
The
Florida Bar continues to lead the country in funding UPL enforcement, spending approximately $ 1.8 million annually.
2012:
1570:
1469:
1083:
509:
148:
76:
2126:
1995:
1144:
2581:
1928:
1829:
2088:
1722:
741:
347:
163:
2674:
1441:
533:
452:
2248:
1727:
1133:
1100:
790:
The
American Bar Association proposed model rules regarding the unauthorized practice of law, which Judge
2243:
1239:
92:
2218:
1717:
1039:
381:
316:
621:-assisted drafting libraries, where the clients are asked a series of questions that are posed by the
2301:
650:
212:
958:
2679:
2659:
2096:
2078:
1290:
Hogan, Daniel B. (1983). "The effectiveness of licensing: History, evidence, and recommendations".
908:
749:
666:
614:
526:
58:
2430:
778:
had the largest budget—$ 1.8 million—nationwide for prosecuting the unauthorized practice of law.
2471:
2258:
1747:
1732:
718:
106:
2684:
2526:
2511:
1218:
670:
426:
2630:
2223:
1901:
1712:
1006:
634:
514:
950:
2351:
1697:
699:
469:
464:
352:
114:
54:
698:
The definition of "unauthorized practice of law" is variable, and is often conclusory and
8:
2669:
2506:
1646:
1563:
951:
249:
50:
1145:
Tex. Gov’t Code sec. 38.123. Chapter 38 of the penal code, containing 38.122 and 38.123
2321:
1980:
1834:
1819:
1797:
1541:
1521:
1474:
1464:
1307:
774:
488:
410:
2306:
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2066:
1809:
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1757:
1682:
1676:
1516:
1434:
1311:
1079:
1068:
474:
459:
342:
330:
205:
188:
561:
to clients, drafting legal documents for clients, and representing clients in legal
2664:
2311:
2278:
1777:
1641:
1636:
1601:
1299:
808:
626:
590:
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335:
125:
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1536:
1151:
946:
630:
578:
442:
421:
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1005:(1). AIDA Reinsurance & Insurance Arbitration Society: 16–19. Archived from
2637:
2445:
2363:
1952:
1918:
1869:
1854:
1626:
1531:
1511:
1501:
791:
390:
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20:
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1767:
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1651:
1575:
646:
479:
447:
156:
121:
1101:"Can Software Practice Law? The Unauthorized Practice of Law and Technology"
2623:
2373:
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2029:
2000:
1913:
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1859:
1792:
1772:
1666:
1606:
1596:
1548:
1506:
1484:
1427:
1325:
Rhode, Deborah L. (1990). "The
Delivery of Legal Services by Non-Lawyers".
796:
662:
594:
558:
493:
406:
357:
141:
41:
deal primarily with the United States and
Singapore and do not represent a
2545:
2486:
2476:
2273:
2268:
2106:
2007:
1923:
1882:
1849:
1814:
1737:
1661:
1611:
1526:
598:
562:
416:
133:
1215:"The ABA's Attack on "Unauthorized" Practice of Law and Consumer Choice"
2609:
2538:
2418:
2356:
2101:
2022:
2017:
1975:
1957:
1945:
1906:
1752:
1742:
1702:
1687:
1671:
1621:
1558:
1553:
1303:
865:
855:
770:
687:
682:"Unauthorized practice of law" (UPL) is an act sometimes prohibited by
658:
606:
244:
2516:
2481:
2423:
2398:
2263:
2160:
2148:
2133:
2121:
2049:
1967:
1940:
1824:
843:
610:
586:
582:
395:
325:
299:
2604:
2565:
2550:
2253:
2138:
1935:
1479:
622:
618:
321:
1406:"What Would Happen Without Unauthorized Practice of Law Statutes?"
2455:
2403:
2383:
2331:
2143:
2061:
1877:
1839:
1787:
803:
707:
683:
602:
570:
180:
2555:
2408:
2153:
2044:
2039:
1985:
1656:
574:
401:
2496:
2440:
2346:
2187:
1990:
1489:
756:
566:
2378:
2326:
2182:
1580:
1496:
637:
that were traditionally provided exclusively by law firms.
1450:
989:
Spector, David M.; Romero, Jessica (First
Quarter 2006).
860:
1219:
The
Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies
1238:
1419:
1263:"2015 Survey of Unlicensed Practice of Law Committees"
1067:. New York: Incisive Media, LLC. pp. 175–178.
573:, and is applied to the professional services of a
991:"Arbitration and The Unauthorized Practice of Law"
802:The practice of law was not formally regulated in
978:(4 cmt c ed.). American Law Institute. 1998.
837:
2651:
976:Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers
814:State Bar v. Arizona Land Title & Trust Co.
677:
1435:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1132:North Carolina State Bar v. Lienguard, Inc.,
988:
970:
968:
534:
269:
39:The examples and perspective in this article
957:(7th ed.). St. Paul MN: West. pp.
721:(Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers notes:
1442:
1428:
1201:
1094:
1092:
965:
902:"State Definitions of the Practice of Law"
649:, the practice of law is conditioned upon
541:
527:
276:
262:
872:Law Society of British Columbia v. Mangat
823:
502:Enforcement authorities and organizations
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
2587:History of the American legal profession
1212:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
1089:
1060:
2652:
1260:
1054:
1036:Securities Regulation & Law Report
982:
945:
1423:
1324:
1289:
1213:McCarter, George W.C. (May 1, 2003).
1128:
1126:
1098:
930:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
785:
25:
706:, it is the doing of a lawyer's or
13:
1327:Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics
1261:Draper, Lindsay (September 2015).
1123:
1111:from the original on 15 April 2014
1024:
885:
760:done to obtain economic benefit).
633:also provide advisory services on
298:
14:
2696:
1571:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1398:
510:International Competition Network
2618:
2617:
2603:
640:
613:. Moreover, a growing number of
30:
2582:History of the legal profession
1370:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1318:
1283:
1254:
1232:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1156:
1064:Arbitration: essential concepts
1061:Bennett, Steven C. (May 2002).
553:In its most general sense, the
1138:
763:
742:United States bankruptcy court
515:List of competition regulators
164:Withdrawal from representation
1:
1105:The Lien & Credit Journal
1099:Budde, Nate (11 April 2014).
878:
746:Eastern District of Tennessee
693:
838:Unauthorized practice of law
832:
773:has a law which makes it a "
678:Unauthorized practice of law
651:admission to practice of law
597:. These professions include
7:
1408:. Lawyerist.com. 2011-12-03
1240:New Jersey General Assembly
1162:Tex. Gov’t Code sec. 38.122
849:
629:. In addition, regulatory
93:Professional responsibility
53:, discuss the issue on the
10:
2701:
2249:International legal theory
1728:International slavery laws
1723:International human rights
1718:International criminal law
1268:. American Bar Association
1040:Bureau of National Affairs
625:in order to construct the
382:Anti-competitive practices
348:Herfindahl–Hirschman index
317:History of competition law
18:
2597:
2574:
2464:
2302:Administration of justice
2287:
2196:
2087:
1966:
1868:
1589:
1457:
1196:§775.083(1)(c) Fla. Stat.
1184:§775.082(3)(e) Fla. Stat.
615:legal document assistants
2079:Basic structure doctrine
1929:Natural and legal rights
1810:Public international law
1378:"Formal Opinion 1998-01"
909:American Bar Association
750:North Carolina State Bar
667:American Bar Association
237:Penalties for misconduct
197:Duties to the profession
19:Not to be confused with
2259:Principle of typicality
1733:International trade law
1449:
1292:Law and Human Behavior
1248:Statutes of New Jersey
953:Black's Law Dictionary
824:Attorney participation
734:
728:
712:Black's Law Dictionary
671:American Law Institute
427:Occupational licensing
303:
2254:Principle of legality
2013:Delegated legislation
1713:Intellectual property
729:
723:
661:or other territorial
635:regulatory compliance
302:
2675:Monopoly (economics)
2472:Barristers' chambers
2414:Legal representation
2352:Justice of the peace
1698:Financial regulation
1150:May 1, 2009, at the
999:ARIAS Quarterly U.S.
655:admission to the bar
569:proceedings such as
470:Occupational closure
465:Dividing territories
453:Essential facilities
353:Market concentration
149:Effective assistance
115:conflict of interest
99:Duties to the client
59:create a new article
51:improve this article
2507:Election commission
2219:Expressive function
1748:Landlord–tenant law
1647:Consumer protection
1244:"N.J.S.A. 2C:21-22"
653:, and specifically
250:Judicial misconduct
172:Duties to the court
2465:Legal institutions
2332:Lawsuit/Litigation
2322:Dispute resolution
2127:Catholic canon law
1835:State of emergency
1798:Will and testament
1522:Law of obligations
1475:Constitutional law
1465:Administrative law
1304:10.1007/BF01044517
1172:§454.23 Fla. Stat.
918:on 14 January 2016
786:History and future
775:disorderly persons
690:, or court rules.
489:Regulatory capture
304:
16:Acting as a lawyer
2647:
2646:
2307:Constitutionalism
2229:Law and economics
2067:Act of parliament
1805:Product liability
1758:Legal archaeology
1683:Environmental law
1677:Entertainment law
1517:International law
1074:978-0-9705970-8-3
1042:. August 16, 2010
551:
550:
480:Misuse of patents
475:Predatory pricing
460:Exclusive dealing
343:Barriers to entry
331:Coercive monopoly
286:
285:
213:Report misconduct
206:legal advertising
189:adverse authority
87:
86:
79:
61:, as appropriate.
2692:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2608:
2607:
2431:Question of fact
2312:Criminal justice
1642:Construction law
1637:Conflict of laws
1602:Agricultural law
1444:
1437:
1430:
1421:
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1416:
1414:
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1316:
1315:
1298:(2–3): 117–138.
1287:
1281:
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1275:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
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1187:
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1154:
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1087:
1078:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1012:on July 25, 2011
1011:
995:
986:
980:
979:
972:
963:
962:
956:
947:Garner, Bryan A.
943:
928:
927:
925:
923:
917:
911:. Archived from
906:
898:
657:of a particular
631:consulting firms
591:civil law notary
557:involves giving
543:
536:
529:
434:Product bundling
336:Natural monopoly
288:
287:
278:
271:
264:
126:Competence (law)
89:
88:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
34:
33:
26:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2680:Competition law
2660:Practice of law
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2616:
2602:
2593:
2570:
2561:Political party
2534:Legal education
2522:Law enforcement
2502:Court of equity
2460:
2436:Question of law
2389:Practice of law
2369:Judicial review
2283:
2234:Legal formalism
2214:Comparative law
2209:Contract theory
2192:
2112:Legal pluralism
2083:
2072:Act of Congress
1996:Executive order
1962:
1864:
1783:Nationality law
1708:Immigration law
1632:Competition law
1585:
1453:
1448:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1396:
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1182:
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1157:
1152:Wayback Machine
1143:
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840:
835:
826:
788:
766:
696:
680:
643:
627:legal documents
579:attorney at law
555:practice of law
547:
443:Refusal to deal
422:Tacit collusion
368:Relevant market
292:Competition law
282:
229:ABA Model Rules
204:Limitations on
107:Confidentiality
83:
72:
66:
63:
48:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2015:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1976:Ballot measure
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1953:Legal treatise
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1932:
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1919:Letters patent
1916:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1870:Sources of law
1866:
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1857:
1855:Unenforced law
1852:
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2342:Legal remedy
2297:Adjudication
2197:Legal theory
2035:Ratification
2030:Promulgation
2001:Proclamation
1981:Codification
1914:Human rights
1902:Divine right
1892:Constitution
1860:Women in law
1778:Military law
1773:Marriage law
1768:Maritime law
1667:Election law
1607:Aviation law
1597:Abortion law
1549:Property law
1485:Criminal law
1410:. Retrieved
1385:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1367:Rose at 588.
1363:
1355:
1351:
1344:In re Creasy
1343:
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1270:. Retrieved
1256:
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1134:2014 NCBC 11
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1007:the original
1002:
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952:
920:. Retrieved
913:the original
870:
841:
827:
817:
813:
801:
797:rent seeking
789:
780:
767:
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739:
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700:tautological
697:
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663:jurisdiction
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563:negotiations
559:legal advice
554:
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494:Rent-seeking
407:Price fixing
358:Market power
142:self-dealing
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2546:Legislature
2477:Bureaucracy
2274:Rule of man
2269:Rule of law
2244:Libertarian
2107:Chinese law
2008:Legislation
1958:Regulations
1946:Law reports
1924:Natural law
1820:Reparations
1815:Refugee law
1738:Jurimetrics
1679:(Media law)
1617:Banking law
1612:Amnesty law
1590:Disciplines
1527:Private law
1272:17 December
764:Enforcement
719:Restatement
599:real estate
417:Bid rigging
134:commingling
2670:Solicitors
2654:Categories
2539:Law school
2419:Prosecutor
2357:Magistrate
2144:Jewish law
2102:Common law
2023:Rulemaking
2018:Regulation
1968:Law making
1907:Divine law
1883:Legal code
1830:Sports law
1753:Law of war
1703:Health law
1688:Family law
1672:Energy law
1622:Bankruptcy
1559:Punishment
1554:Public law
1412:2013-07-02
1387:2022-09-15
1382:nycbar.org
879:References
866:Law degree
856:Disbarment
809:sunset law
771:New Jersey
694:Definition
688:regulation
607:accounting
484:copyrights
363:SSNIP test
245:Disbarment
2517:Judiciary
2512:Executive
2487:The bench
2424:Solicitor
2399:Barrister
2279:Sociology
2264:Pseudolaw
2204:Anarchist
2161:Roman law
2149:Parsi law
2134:Hindu law
2122:Canon law
2097:Civil law
2050:Concordat
1941:Precedent
1850:Trust law
1825:Space law
1662:Drugs law
1532:Procedure
1470:Civil law
1312:112414536
1224:April 29,
922:April 29,
844:Singapore
833:Singapore
708:counselor
611:insurance
587:solicitor
583:barrister
396:Collusion
326:oligopoly
113:Avoiding
55:talk page
2624:Category
2566:Tribunal
2551:Military
2394:Attorney
2364:Judgment
2224:Feminist
2139:Jain law
1936:Case law
1657:Cyberlaw
1564:Corporal
1542:Criminal
1512:Evidence
1502:Doctrine
1480:Contract
1148:Archived
1115:14 April
1109:Archived
850:See also
744:for the
669:and the
623:software
619:computer
571:lawsuits
322:Monopoly
49:You may
2665:Jurists
2638:Outline
2575:History
2482:The bar
2456:Verdict
2404:Counsel
2384:Justice
2239:History
2062:Statute
1878:Charter
1840:Tax law
1788:Probate
1358:at 593.
1046:May 18,
1016:May 18,
804:Arizona
684:statute
645:In the
603:banking
402:cartels
181:perjury
2556:Police
2527:Agency
2409:Lawyer
2154:Sharia
2045:Treaty
2040:Repeal
1986:Decree
1897:Custom
1793:Estate
1743:Labour
1507:Equity
1333:: 209.
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1186:(2016)
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726:areas.
665:. The
609:, and
595:agents
575:lawyer
155:Avoid
140:Avoid
132:Avoid
2631:Index
2497:Court
2441:Trial
2347:Judge
2188:Yassa
1991:Edict
1537:Civil
1490:Crime
1308:S2CID
1266:(PDF)
1010:(PDF)
994:(PDF)
916:(PDF)
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659:state
589:, or
567:court
438:tying
411:cases
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2327:Fiqh
2183:Xeer
1581:Tort
1497:Deed
1274:2016
1226:2011
1117:2014
1080:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1048:2011
1018:2011
959:1191
924:2011
740:The
717:The
704:i.e.
565:and
482:and
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