Powerlifting - Knowledge

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sufficient calories are needed to offset the energy expenditure of training allowing for adequate recovery from exercise. The International Society of Sports Nutrition recommends 40-70 kcals/kg/day for strength athletes who engage in 2-3 hours of intense training 5-6 days per week, compared to the 25–35 kcals/kg/day recommended for the average person engaging in a general fitness program, as regular training causes additional energy expenditure. Additionally, when powerlifters are in the off season, it is recommended that athletes increase their caloric intake in order to meet the recommendations of the ISSN and optimize their training. In addition to caloric intake, macronutrient intake plays a major role in the success of an athlete's diet. Protein, carbohydrates, and fats all play different roles in the performance and recovery process. Optimizing protein intake enables a powerlifter to build more muscle and recover properly from intense training sessions. The Journal of Sports Sciences recommends that strength athletes consume 1.6g–1.7g protein/kg/day in servings of 20 grams, 5 to 6 times a day for maximal muscle growth. Sufficient carbohydrate intake allows an athlete to have adequate energy during training and restore any glycogen that is lost throughout their respect exercise. However, it may not be as crucial for powerlifters as it for endurance athletes like runners due to the nature of the sport. For strength athletes, it is recommended to ingest a range of 4g to 7g carbohydrate/kg/day depending on the stage of training. Timing carbohydrate intake around training sessions may benefit powerlifters by giving them more energy throughout their workout. Moreover, fats may help a strength athlete who is struggling to stay energized by providing more energy density, however, there is unclear evidence on the necessity of fats in a powerlifter's diet. In addition to nutrition from foods, it is very common for powerlifters to take supplements in their diets. Caffeine and creatine mono-hydrate are two of the most research and common supplements among strength athletes as are proven to have benefits for training and recovery.

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athlete upright and encouraging their hips to remain parallel with the floor. This allows lifters to lift more weight than would normally be possible without the suit. There are also multi-ply suits giving the lifter more rigidity, like that of a traditional canvas suit, with the same pop as a single-ply suit or briefs but are exponentially harder to use, and are usually reserved for the top lifters. During the squat, lifters also tend to wear knee wraps. Even though knee wraps will be a sub-classification of raw lifting, it will still be worn by equipped lifters. A raw lifter who would squat in knee wraps will have the weight lifted noted as "with wraps" to distinguish from raw lifters using knee sleeves. Knee wraps are made out of similar elastic material as wrist wraps. They are wrapped around the lifters knees tightly. The knee wraps are wrapped in a spiral or diagonal method. The knee wraps build elastic energy during the eccentric part of the squat and once the lifter has hit proper depth the lifter will start the concentric part of the movement releasing this elastic energy and using it to help them move the weight upwards. It gives the lifter more spring, or pop out of the hole of the squat resulting in a heavier and faster squat.

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graphical representation of these phases. These phases are based upon related anatomical factors such as joint angles, limb length, muscle engagement patterns, muscle strength ratios, etc. Variable resistance training typically involves increasing resistance (usually weight) in the stronger phase and reducing it in the weaker phase. The additional resistance can be added through the use of chains attached to the barbell for a squat in the bottom portion of the squat reduce the overall weight. At the top portion of the squat, the chains are lifted from the floor to increase overall weight. Bands can be used to increase resistance in a similar manner. Alternatively, partial reps with heavier weights can be used in conjunction with full reps with lighter weights. Training both phases accordingly through variable resistance techniques can allow the muscles to strengthen in accordance with a person’s natural strength curve. It avoids a situation where, as a result of training, the weaker phase force potential is disproportionately great in regard to the stronger phase force potential. These benefits can help a lifter to become more explosive and to complete a lift.

40: 328:, bench press, and squat) soon became the standard competition lifts, and both organizations held Championships on these lifts (as well as on the Olympic lifts) until 1965. In 1966, the Society of Amateur Weightlifters rejoined BAWLA. The bicep curl was replaced with the deadlift to fall in line with the American lifts. The first British Championship was held in 1966. During the late 1960s and at the beginning of the 1970s, various international contests were held. At the same time, in early November of each year and to commemorate Hoffman's birthday, a prestigious lifting contest was held. In 1971, it was decided to make this event the "World Weightlifting Championships". The event was held at 10 AM on 6 November 1971, in 429:. Bench shirts and squat/deadlift suits (operating on the same principle) became ubiquitous in powerlifting, but only some federations adopted the latest and most supportive canvas, denim, and multiply polyester designs, while others such as the IPF maintained more restrictive rules on which supportive equipment could be used. The Monolift, a rack in which the bar catchers swing out and eliminate the walkout portion of the squat, was invented by Ray Madden and first used in competition in 1992. This innovation was adopted by some federations and forbidden in others. Other inventions included specialized squat bars and deadlift bars, moving away from the IPF standard of using the same bar for all three lifts. 6653: 544:

in addition to their traditional (open) divisions permitting single-ply or multi-ply equipment. United Powerlifting Association (UPA) established a standard for raw powerlifting in 2008, and USAPL held the first Raw Nationals in the same year. Eventually, IPF recognized raw lifting with the sanction of a "Classic Unequipped World Cup" in 2012 and published its own set of standards for raw lifting. By this time, the popularity of raw lifting had surged to the point where raw lifters came to predominate over equipped lifters in local meets.

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belt is the only supportive equipment that is allowed by all federations in raw competition. The use of supportive equipment distinguishes 'equipped' and 'unequipped' (also known as 'raw') divisions in the sport, and 'equipped' and 'unequipped' records in the competition lifts. The wide differences between equipped and unequipped records in the squat and bench press suggest that supportive equipment confers a substantial advantage to lifters in these disciplines. This is less evident in the case of the

506:, aiding in the completion of the lift. Some claim that supportive equipment prevents injuries by compressing and stabilizing the joints over which it worn. For example, the bench shirt is claimed to support and protect the shoulders. Critics point out that the greater weights used with supportive equipment and the equipment's tendency to change the pattern of the movement may compromise safety, as in the case of the bar moving towards the head during the upward portion of the shirted bench press. 6548: 437:, which the athletes foot position is outside their grip position. Many communities and federations do not class the sumo variation as a technical deadlift. Another rule change into effect from the IPF, is the bench press elbow depth rule, established in 2022 and into effect at the start of 2023. This rule, similar to squat depth, requires the bottom surface of the elbows to be in line with or below the top surface of the shoulder joint. 317:, and were lifted in that order. Hoffman became more and more influential in the development of this new lifting sport and organized the Weightlifting Tournament of America in 1964, effectively the first USA National championships. In 1965, the first named USA National Championships were held. During the same period, lifting in Britain also had factions. In the late 1950s, because members of the ruling body (BAWLA, the 411:(USAPL), taking its place. Despite the trend towards federations, each with their own rules and standards of performance, some powerlifters have attempted to bring unity to the sport. For example, 100% RAW promoted unequipped competition and merged with another federation, Anti-Drug Athletes United (ADAU), in 2013. The Revolution Powerlifting Syndicate (RPS), founded by 823:. The lifter grasps the loaded bar which is resting on the platform floor. The lifter pulls the weights off the floor and assumes an erect position. The knees must be locked and the shoulders must be back, with the weight held by the lifter's hands. At the referee's command, the bar will be returned to the floor under the control of the lifter. 433:

bench press. Many other federations, for example, the Natural Athlete Strength Association (NASA), have never used the "start" command. As a further example of diversifying rules of performance, in 2011 the Southern Powerlifting Federation (SPF) eliminated the "squat" command at the beginning of the squat. Most federations also now allow the

340:. The lifting order was "rising bar", and the first lift was the bench press. There was no such thing as a bench shirt or squat suit, and various interpretations were held regarding the use and length of knee wraps and weightlifting belts. The IPF rules system did not exist yet, nor had world records been established. 535:

can include panels made from canvas and polyester, in an effort to combine the strengths of each material. When two or more panels overlay one another in a piece of supportive equipment, that equipment is described as 'multi-ply', in contrast to 'single-ply' equipment made of one layer of material throughout.

692:. Placing is achieved via combined total. Some variations of this are found at some meets such as "push-pull only" meets where lifters only compete in the bench press and deadlift, with the bench press coming first and the deadlift after. Single lift meets are often held for the bench press and the deadlift. 719:

After removing the bar from the racks while facing the front of the platform, the lifter may move forward or backward to establish the lifting position. The bar shall be held horizontally across the shoulders with the hands and/or fingers gripping the bar, and the feet flat upon the platform with the

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For the squats, a squat suit is used for the event. Squat suits are typically made of an elastic-like material, and a single-ply polyester layer. This allows a competitor to spring out of the bottom of a squat (called "pop out of the hole" in Powerlifting circles) by maintaining rigidity, keeping the

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The use of knee sleeves in unequipped powerlifting has brought about much debate as to whether certain neoprene knee sleeves can assist a lifter during the squat. Some lifters purposely wear knee sleeves that are excessively tight and have been known to use plastic bags and have others to assist them

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may be constructed with 'straight' sleeves (perpendicular to the trunk of the lifter) or sleeves that are angled towards the abdomen. The back of the bench shirt may be closed or open, and the back panel may or may not be of the same material as the front of the shirt. Similarly, 'hybrid' squat suits

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The rules of powerlifting have also evolved and differentiated. For example, in ADFPA/USAPL competition, the "press" command on the bench press was used, not used, and then used again, following a 2006 IPF motion to reinstate this rule. IPF rules also mandate a "start" command at the beginning of the

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Variable resistance training relies upon adjusting resistance for stronger and weaker parts of a lift. Any given movement has a strength phase sequence which involves moving through phases where a person is relatively stronger or weaker. This is commonly called a ‘strength curve’ which refers to the

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With the lifter resting on the bench, the lifter takes the loaded bar at arm's length. At the discretion of the referee's signal, the lifter lowers the bar to the chest. When the bar becomes motionless on the chest, the referee gives a press command. Then the referee will call 'rack' and the lift is

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that work similarly to a squat suit. It acts as artificial pectoral muscles and shoulder muscles for the lifter. It resists the movement of the bench press by compressing and building elastic energy. When the bar is still and the official gives the command to press the compression and elastic energy

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was formed in November of 1972. The inaugural IPF World Championships was held in York on November of 1973. There were 47 entrants: one Swedish athlete, one Puerto Rican athlete, two Canadian athletes, one West Indian athlete, eight British athletes, and 34 American athletes. 1974 was the first time

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For the deadlift, deadlift suits are used for the event. There are single-ply and multi-ply deadlift suits. The elastic energy is built when the lifter goes down to set up and place its grip on the bar before the deadlift attempt. The deadlift suit aids core and spine stability and can increase the

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Raw powerlifting, also called classic or unequipped powerlifting has been codified in response to the proliferation and advancement of bench shirts and squat/deadlift suits. The 100% RAW federation was founded in 1999; within a decade, many established federations came to recognize "raw" divisions,

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A lift off may be used by the discretion of the lifter to arm's length. A designated spotter, having provided a centre lift off, must immediately clear the area in front of the head referee. If the personal spotter does not immediately leave the platform area and/or is in any way which impedes the

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Each competitor is allowed three attempts on each of the squat, bench press, and deadlift, depending on their standing and the organization they are lifting in. The lifter's best valid attempt on each lift counts toward the competition total. For each weightclass, the lifter with the highest total

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and thereby assist the three lifts contested in powerlifting. Some federations allow single-ply knee sleeves, and wraps for wrists in raw competition. Straps are also used in deadlift training in case of a weak grip, but are not allowed by any federations in official competitions. A weight lifting

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Powerlifting Association (ADFPA), led by Brother Bennett, became the first federation to break away from the USPF, citing the need to implement effective drug testing in the sport. In 1982, drug testing was introduced to the IPF, although the USPF championships that year did not have drug testing.

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The establishment of the IPF in 1973 spurred the establishment of the EPF (European Powerlifting Federation) in May 1977. Since it was closely associated with bodybuilding and women had been competing as bodybuilders for years, powerlifting was opened to them. The first U.S. national championships

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required that each Olympic or potential Olympic sport must have its own national governing body by November 1980. As a result, the AAU lost control of every amateur sport. The USPF was founded in 1980 as the new national governing body for American powerlifting. In 1981, the American Drug Free

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as a method to autoregulate daily training loads based on bar speed as a marker of readiness and neural fatigue status. Research has shown this to be effective when used both generally or on an individualized basis, and in some studies a superior programming methodology to percentage systems.

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Age categories are dependent on the year of the participant's birth. For example, if an athlete turns 18 years old in July, the athlete is considered an 18-year-old sub-junior throughout the calendar year. Other federations typically break the Masters categories down to 5-year increments, for

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in 2011, was considered a move towards unity, as the RPS breaks the tradition of charging lifters membership fees to a specific federation in addition to entry fees for each competition. Some meet promoters have sought to bring together top lifters from different federations, outside existing

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All though powerlifting nutrition is subjective as there can be differences from person to person, there are general guidelines that athletes typically follow in order to perform optimally that can be applied to a strength sport setting. The primary concern of most diets is caloric intake as

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to improve performance in the three competitive lifts—the squat, bench press and deadlift. Weight training routines used in powerlifting are extremely varied. For example, some methods call for the use of many variations on the contest lifts, while others call for a more limited selection of

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or squat/deadlift suit or briefs. In some federations, knee wraps are permitted in the equipped but not unequipped division; in others, they may be used in both equipped and unequipped lifting. Weightlifting belts, knee sleeves, wrist wraps, and special footwear may also be used, but are not

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There are several classifications in powerlifting determining rank. These typically include Elite, Master, Class I, II, III, IV. The Elite standard is considered to be within the top 1% of competing powerlifters. Several standards exist, including the United States Powerlifting Association

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systems. World federations use the following ones: IPF GL Points, Glossbrenner, Reshel, Outstanding Lifter, Schwartz/Malone, Siff; for the junior age categories, Foster coefficient is mostly used; for the masters age categories, McCulloch or Reshel coefficients are mostly used. Winner of a

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The squat starts with the lifter standing erect and the bar loaded with weights resting on the lifter's shoulders or traps. A high bar and low bar position can be used. At the referee's command, the squat begins. The lifter creates a break in the hips, bends their knees and drops into a

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As new equipment was developed, it came to distinguish powerlifting federations from one another. Weightlifting belts and knee wraps (originally simple Ace bandages) predated powerlifting, but in 1983 John Inzer invented the first piece of equipment distinct to powerlifters—the

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Kerksick, Chad M.; Wilborn, Colin D.; Roberts, Michael D.; Smith-Ryan, Abbie; Kleiner, Susan M.; Jäger, Ralf; Collins, Rick; Cooke, Mathew; Davis, Jaci N.; Galvan, Elfego; Greenwood, Mike; Lowery, Lonnie M.; Wildman, Robert; Antonio, Jose; Kreider, Richard B. (1 August 2018).

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of the lifter's 1RM (one rep maximum—meaning the most weight they are capable of lifting one time). For example, 5 sets of 5 reps (5x5) at 75% of the 1RM. Rest periods between sets range from 2–5 minutes based on the lifter's ability to recover fully for the next set.

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Depth rules are dependent on the federation. The IPF requires that lifters bend the knees and lower the body until the surface of the legs at the hip joint is lower than the tops of the knees. Other federations allow the hip joint to be parallel with the knee

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The lifter will be allowed only one commencement signal per attempt. The lifter may be given an additional attempt at the same weight at the head referee's discretion if failure in an attempt was due to any error by one or more of the spotters or by misload.

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In 1987, the American Powerlifting Association (APA) and World Powerlifting Alliance (WPA) were formed by Scott Taylor. The APA offer both drug tested and untested categories in most of their competitions. As of 2024, the WPA has over 60 affiliate nations.

321:) were only interested in the development of Olympic lifting, a breakaway organization called the Society of Amateur Weightlifters had been formed to cater for the interests of lifters who were not particularly interested in Olympic lifting. 826:

The bar must be laid horizontally in front of the lifter's feet, gripped with an optional grip in both hands, and lifted until the lifter is standing erect. Any raising of the bar or any deliberate attempt to do so will count as an attempt.

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stretching back as far as the ancient Mayan civilizations and ancient Persian times. The idea of powerlifting originated in ancient Greece, as men lifted stones to prove their strength and manhood. The modern sport originated in the

458:, where the lack of an eccentric component to the lift minimizes how much elastic energy can be stored in a supportive suit. Supportive equipment should not be confused with the equipment on which the lifts are performed, such as a 388:

The IPF's push for drug testing was resisted by several American lifters. In 1982, Larry Pacifico and Ernie Frantz founded the American Powerlifting Federation (APF), which advertised its categorical opposition to all drug testing.

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Different federations have different rules and different interpretations of these rules, leading to a myriad of variations. Differences arise on the equipment eligible, clothing, drug testing and aspects of allowable technique.

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A movement may be considered as having any number of strength phases but usually is considered as having two main phases: a stronger and a weaker. When the movement becomes stronger during the exercise, this is called an

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Further, the IPF has suspended entire member nations' federations, including the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Iran, India and Uzbekistan, for repeated violations of the IPF's anti-doping policies.

522:. The latter fabric is less elastic, and therefore considered to provide greater 'stopping power' at the bottom of the movement but less assistance with the ascent. Bench shirts may be made of polyester or 2094: 773:

To achieve firm footing, a lifter of any height may use discs or blocks to build up the surface of the platform. Whichever method is chosen, the shoes must be in a solid contact with the surface.

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wins. In many meets, the lifter with the highest total relative to their weight class also wins. If two or more lifters achieve the same total, the lighter lifter ranks above the heavier lifter.

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The bench equipment will be placed on the platform with the head facing the front or angled up to 45 degrees. The head referee will be positioned on the head side of the bench press discipline.

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that teams were selected in advance, as well as the inclusion of the 52 kilogram weight class. In 1975, the World Championships was held outside America for the first time, at the town hall in

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speed off the floor at the beginning of the lift. However, deadlift suits are least likely to carry over additional weight in comparison to equipped squatting and equipped bench pressing.

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classifications, the IPF/Powerlifting America, USAPL (single-ply) classifications, the APF (multi-ply) classifications, and the Anti-Drug Athletes United (ADAU, raw) classifications.

2325: 1404: 470:. Chalk can also be added to the shoulders for squatting, on the back for bench pressing to reduce sliding, and on the hands to grip the barbell on the bench press and deadlift. 3093:"Neoprene Knee Sleeves of Varying Tightness Augment Barbell Squat One Repetition Maximum Performance Without Improving Other Indices of Muscular Strength, Power, or Endurance" 4257: 3238: 6068: 1087: 189:

loaded with weight plates. Powerlifting evolved from a sport known as "odd lifts", which followed the same three-attempt format but used a wider variety of events, akin to

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The IPF uses the following age categories: sub-junior (14–18), junior (19–23), open (any age), masters 1 (40–49), masters 2 (50–59), masters 3 (60–69), masters 4 (70+).

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Men: -52 kg, -56 kg, -60 kg, -67.5 kg, -75 kg, -82.5 kg, -90 kg, -100 kg, -110 kg, -125 kg, -140 kg, 140 kg+

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in the 1950s. Previously, the weightlifting governing bodies in both countries had recognized various "odd lifts" for competition and record purposes. During the 1950s,

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Machek, Steven B.; Cardaci, Thomas D.; Wilburn, Dylan T.; Cholewinski, Mitchell C.; Latt, Scarlett Lin; Harris, Dillon R.; Willoughby, Darryn S. (1 February 2021).

1527: 530:. Supportive equipment can be constructed in different ways to suit the lifters' preferences. A squat suit may be constructed for a wide or a narrow stance; and a 881:), there is some controversy around the scientific foundations of particular training methods, as exemplified by the debate over the merits of "speed work" using 466:

and discs. Chalk is commonly used by lifters to dry the hands to reduce blisters, slipping and improve grip strength, as the contents of the chalk is made out of

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head referees' responsibilities, the referees may determine that the lift is unacceptable, and be declared "no lift" by the referees and given three red lights.

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federations' hierarchy of local, regional, national and international meets; a prominent example of this is the Raw Unity Meet (RUM), held annually since 2007.

2102: 359:, and one from the West Indies. With 67 lifters in total, 47 athletes were Americans. Lifts were measured in pounds, and the bench press was the first lift. 286:

had been a longtime adversary of the sport, but his company was now making powerlifting equipment to make up for the sales it had lost on Olympic equipment.

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Movement of the feet laterally, backward or forward that would constitute a step or stumble after given the 'squat' command and before the 'rack' command.

8796: 5559: 3799: 3673: 8762: 6940: 6723: 3290: 8140: 7714: 7030: 4899:"Comparison of individual and group-based load-velocity profiling as a means to dictate training load over a 6-week strength and power intervention" 1176:'Supporting' is defined as a body position adopted by the lifter that could not be maintained without the counterbalance of the weight being lifted. 8800: 7694: 6930: 2243: 7095: 8247: 7660: 6993: 6115: 478:

Supportive equipment is used to increase the weight lifted in powerlifting exercises. A snug garment is worn over a joint or joints (such as the

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Men: -53 kg (sub-junior/junior), -59 kg, -66 kg, -74 kg, -83 kg, -93 kg, -105 kg, -120 kg, 120 kg+

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Equipped lifters compete separately from raw lifters. Equipped athletes will wear a squat suit, knee wraps, a bench shirt, and a deadlift suit.

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Women: -44 kg, -48 kg, -52 kg, -56 kg, -60 kg, -67.5 kg, -75 kg, -82.5 kg, -90 kg, 90 kg+

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of the suit aids in the speed of the lift, and support of the weight that the athlete would not be able to provide without the bench shirt.

9309: 9215: 8636: 8614: 7364: 2329: 332:. Most of the athletes were American lifters, since teams were not formed yet. There were also four British athletes, and one athlete from 3045: 1117: 716:. The lifter then ascends back to an erect position. At the referee's command, the bar is returned to the rack and the lift is completed. 9220: 9050: 8737: 8732: 8051: 7734: 6925: 5998: 1986: 1127: 232:

sport. Local, national and international competitions have also been sanctioned by other federations operating independently of the IPF.

5060:"Effects of an 8-week lunge exercise on an unstable support surface on lower-extremity muscle function and balance in middle-aged women" 4033: 1219: 526:, where the denim again provides a less-elastic alternative to the polyester. Knee wraps are made of varying combinations of cotton and 9165: 8831: 8006: 7517: 7450: 7199: 6880: 6108: 3982: 3077: 3760: 301:, which would be focused more on bodybuilding and the fast-growing interest in odd lift competitions. The magazine's first editor was 9110: 8841: 7522: 7303: 7159: 7040: 6835: 6589: 5398:"Effects of chains squat training with different chain load ratio on the explosive strength of young basketball players' lower limbs" 5141: 8712: 3938: 1801:"Powerlifting's Watershed : frantz v. united states Powerlifting federation: The legal case that changed the nature of a sport" 9175: 9045: 8938: 8394: 8252: 7601: 7445: 6875: 6845: 3845: 1607: 1132: 873:

exercises and an emphasis on mastering the contest lifts through repetition. While many powerlifting routines invoke principles of

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In 2020, the IPF announced the 72 kg weight class would be replaced with the 69 and 76 kg weight class effective January 1, 2021.

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Women: -43 kg (sub-junior/junior), 47 kg, -52 kg, -57 kg, -63 kg, -72 kg, -84 kg, 84 kg+

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Schoenfeld, Brad J.; Ratamess, Nicholas A.; Peterson, Mark D.; Contreras, Bret; Sonmez, G. T.; Alvar, Brent A. (October 2014).

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classification should not be confused with the Master age division, which refers to athletes who are at least 40 years old.

9302: 9235: 9030: 9015: 8993: 8757: 8742: 8651: 8235: 7847: 7655: 7455: 7344: 7055: 7050: 6818: 5194:"The effect of resistance training set configuration on strength and muscular performance adaptations in male powerlifters" 4186: 4105: 2482: 1741: 1502: 695:

At a meet, the events will follow in order: squat, then bench press, and the deadlift will be the final lift of the meet.

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The USPF failed to conform to IPF demands and was expelled from the international body in 1997, with the ADFPA, now named

39: 9210: 9142: 9135: 8871: 8619: 8329: 7822: 7624: 7433: 7381: 7298: 4457: 2920: 1293: 4769:"Effects of different volume-equated resistance training loading strategies on muscular adaptations in well-trained men" 2038: 9267: 9130: 9100: 9065: 9040: 8569: 8484: 8464: 8449: 8386: 8294: 8145: 7991: 7986: 7804: 7586: 7539: 7496: 7475: 7425: 7246: 7241: 7169: 6895: 6743: 6551: 2843: 789:

Any change in the elected position such as shoulders, glutes, and head after the 'start' and before the 'rack' command.

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Different materials are used in the construction of supportive equipment. Squat suits may be made of varying types of

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declined in the United States, while strength sports gained many new followers. People did not like the Olympic lifts

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Accessory movements are used to complement the competition lifts. Common accessory movements in powerlifting include

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may be used to improve endurance during drawn-out competitions and support recovery from weight training sessions.

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Deliberate contact between the bar and the bar rest uprights during the lift to assist the completion of the press.

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Orange, Samuel T.; Metcalfe, James W.; Robinson, Ashley; Applegarth, Mark J.; Liefeith, Andreas (1 April 2020).

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In January 2019, USA Powerlifting updated their policy to exclude transgender participation, in accordance with

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Recent advances in the accessibility of reliable and affordable technology has seen a rise in the popularity of

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In addition to weight training, powerlifters may pursue other forms of training to improve their performance.

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During the late 1950s, Hoffman's influence on Olympic lifting and his predominately Olympics-focused magazine

9055: 8973: 8777: 8697: 8536: 8110: 8093: 7996: 7941: 7864: 7827: 7315: 7278: 6988: 6915: 6860: 6803: 6582: 5999:"USA Powerlifting - the Choice for Drug-free Strength Sport : USAPL/IPF Lifter Classification Standards" 4717: 3684: 917: 882: 3739: 3164: 1682: 548:

get their knee sleeves on. This led to the IPF mandating that lifters put on their knee sleeves unassisted.

347:

World Championships were held on 10 and 11 November. There were eight athletes from Great Britain, six from

8903: 8898: 8856: 8767: 8531: 8401: 8364: 8354: 8169: 8088: 8046: 8031: 8026: 8021: 7591: 7470: 7194: 7137: 7112: 7107: 7075: 7025: 6975: 5943: 4602: 1112: 638:

example, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, etc. Some federations also include a sub-master class from 33 (or 35) to 39.

5534: 1863: 9281: 8948: 8677: 8444: 8376: 8344: 8220: 7874: 7837: 7376: 7359: 7221: 7124: 7065: 6980: 6910: 6840: 4007: 1050: 998: 17: 3239:"The Power of Performance: Why Do You Wear a Squat Suit? Unveiling the Secrets to Enhanced Powerlifting" 2869: 2251: 720:

knees locked. The lifter shall wait in this position for the head referee's signal to rack the weights.

9421: 9411: 9274: 9200: 9125: 8604: 8359: 8184: 8122: 7926: 7884: 7809: 7784: 7764: 7438: 7351: 7211: 7102: 5708:"Nutrition guidelines for strength sports: Sprinting, weightlifting, throwing events, and bodybuilding" 4160: 1429: 381: 297:'s organization. In order to combat the growing influence of Weider, Hoffman started another magazine, 8980: 6050: 5973: 2628: 2500: 1742:"Jimmy Carter: "Amateur Sports Act of 1978 Statement on Signing S. 2727 Into Law. ," November 8, 1978" 810:

Failure to lower both elbow joints to the level with or below the top surface of both shoulder joints.

680:

In a powerlifting competition, sometimes referred to as standard competition, there are three events:

9260: 9090: 9080: 7981: 7879: 7869: 7631: 7611: 7132: 6828: 6813: 6783: 6028: 3887: 3443:"Wearing knee wraps affects mechanical output and performance characteristics of back squat exercise" 3390: 885:

or training to attain maximum acceleration of submaximal weights. Powerlifting training differs from

5922: 663:, and age. Comparisons of lifters and scores across different weight classes can also be made using 502:. On the upward portion of each lift, the elastic potential energy is transferred to the barbell as 9416: 9385: 9351: 8816: 8521: 8319: 8036: 7931: 7817: 7616: 7596: 7186: 6575: 6480: 3364: 3139: 8863: 3823: 2132: 1990: 9365: 9085: 8564: 8289: 8011: 7371: 7018: 6145: 4954:"Effects of In-Season Velocity- Versus Percentage-Based Training in Academy Rugby League Players" 2034: 1811: 1379: 1354: 1223: 1097: 135: 8968: 6652: 5656:

Oliver, Jonathan M; Mardock, Michelle A; Biehl, Adam J; Riechman, Steven E (15 September 2010).

5455:

Andersen, Vidar; Fimland, Marius S.; Kolnes, Maria K.; Saeterbakken, Atle H. (29 October 2015).

5284: 5258: 3590: 2218: 8908: 8747: 8579: 8554: 6902: 6798: 5787: 3052: 2552:"Power Cage Vs Monolift Vs Combo Rack Differences, Powered By Ghost Strong Equipment | BarBend" 344: 283: 275: 267: 6002: 4649: 4238: 2764: 2451: 9406: 8963: 8434: 8334: 8058: 6632: 6495: 6223: 4674: 1557: 890: 259: 182: 5457:"Elastic Bands in Combination With Free Weights in Strength Training: Neuromuscular Effects" 848:

Movement of the feet laterally, backward or forward that would constitute a step or stumble.

8584: 8210: 8162: 7291: 6762: 6470: 6407: 6400: 6160: 5205: 1137: 1054: 733:

Failure to observe the head referee's signals at the commencement or completion of a squat.

102:, collars, chalk, heel-elevated shoes, barefoot shoes, belt, knee sleeves & wrist wraps 5861: 4825: 2400: 668:

competition based on an official coefficient used by presiding world federation is called

8: 9323: 9242: 8541: 8306: 8130: 8115: 7774: 7268: 6778: 6175: 5503: 4431: 1320: 467: 5209: 3856: 2351: 1405:"A Brief History of the '50s & '60s | Two Decades That Launched Modern Bodybuilding" 708:

There are two types depending on equipment used: conventional stand and monolift stand.

614:

In 2010, the IPF introduced the following new weight classes effective January 1, 2011:

9295: 8135: 7946: 6823: 6732: 6680: 6622: 6380: 6165: 6131: 5761: 5743: 5684: 5657: 5633: 5598: 5432: 5397: 5345: 5310: 5234: 5193: 5092: 5059: 4989: 4934: 4879: 4852:"Autoregulated Resistance Training: Does Velocity-Based Training Represent the Future?" 4806: 3913: 2783: 2742: 2551: 1247: 1147: 929: 786:

Failure to observe the referee's signals at the commencement or completion of the lift.

713: 380:

for women were held in 1978. The IPF added women's competition in 1980. In the US, the

329: 190: 166: 5658:"Macronutrient intake in Collegiate powerlifters participating in off season training" 9150: 9025: 8516: 8349: 8174: 7739: 7410: 6665: 6598: 6455: 5735: 5727: 5638: 5620: 5484: 5476: 5437: 5419: 5373: 5350: 5332: 5239: 5221: 5097: 5079: 4993: 4981: 4973: 4938: 4926: 4918: 4871: 4798: 4790: 4752: 4735: 3571: 3563: 3470: 3462: 3120: 3112: 3071: 2734: 2608: 2574: 1715: 1254: 1194:. Some exercises involve a different pattern of strong-weak-strong. This is called a 905: 246: 8641: 6100: 5834: 5812: 5599:"ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations" 4883: 3717: 2746: 2303: 1657: 1582: 1453: 9337: 8792: 7968: 6967: 6528: 6445: 6375: 6185: 5747: 5719: 5679: 5669: 5628: 5610: 5468: 5427: 5409: 5340: 5322: 5229: 5213: 5087: 5071: 5012: 4965: 4910: 4898: 4863: 4780: 4747: 3777: 3555: 3454: 3349: 3104: 2898: 2724: 2657: 2601: 1102: 950: 685: 491: 408: 393: 310: 170: 153: 148: 130: 74: 4914: 4851: 4810: 2954: 9288: 8667: 8631: 8626: 8599: 8324: 6670: 5723: 5472: 4867: 4785: 4768: 3559: 3517: 3458: 3316: 3108: 2729: 2712: 2069: 1122: 1012:, which comprises federations from over 100 countries located on six continents. 869: 455: 263: 3265: 2352:"International Powerlifting Federation Unveils Bench Press Rule Change for 2023" 2326:"Exercise Face-Off: Traditional Deadlift vs. Sumo Deadlift | Men's Fitness" 795:

Pronounced uneven extension of the arms during or at the completion of the lift.

9330: 7958: 6773: 6753: 6690: 6685: 6675: 6460: 6365: 6249: 6203: 5707: 5217: 5192:

Arazi, Hamid; Khoshnoud, Amin; Asadi, Abbas; Tufano, James J. (12 April 2021).

1749: 1220:"The Choice for Drug-free Strength Sport : USAPL Raw/Unequipped Standards" 1107: 898: 878: 874: 503: 499: 450: 271: 251: 5674: 5615: 5414: 5017: 4699: 2043: 2012: 739:

Failure to assume an erect position with knees locked at the end of the squat.

185:, it involves the athlete attempting a maximal weight single-lift effort of a 9400: 8526: 8511: 8259: 6627: 6617: 6533: 6517: 6390: 5731: 5624: 5480: 5423: 5336: 5327: 5225: 5083: 4977: 4922: 4875: 4794: 3567: 3466: 3116: 2924: 2273: 2154: 1719: 1142: 925: 854:

Lowering the bar to the platform without maintaining control with both hands.

820: 792:

Allowing the bar to sink into the chest after receiving the referee's signal.

434: 255: 120: 5456: 4969: 3543: 3442: 3092: 1015:

The IPF is the federation responsible for coordinating participation in the

8406: 7578: 7013: 6612: 6475: 6450: 6417: 6412: 6395: 6385: 6180: 5739: 5642: 5488: 5441: 5354: 5243: 5101: 5075: 5009:

Analysis of Heart Rate Training Responses in Division I Collegiate Athletes

4985: 4930: 4802: 3575: 3474: 3441:

Lake, Jason P.; Carden, Patrick J. C.; Shorter, Kath A. (26 October 2012).

3124: 2738: 2713:"Effect of supportive equipment on force, velocity, and power in the squat" 1889:"Para Sport 101: Everything You Need To Know About Paralympic Powerlifting" 1608:"IPF World Men's Powerlifting Championship, 9-10.11.1973, Harrisburg / USA" 886: 664: 660: 412: 337: 279: 99: 45: 2381: 1914: 324:

Although at that time there were 42 recognized lifts, the "Strength Set" (

7916: 7903: 6370: 6358: 6239: 4054: 1016: 894: 681: 574: 531: 487: 459: 446: 426: 352: 325: 306: 302: 229: 221: 209: 174: 143: 7894: 7796: 7641: 7003: 6353: 6337: 6306: 6275: 6208: 6155: 6150: 3983:"Powerlifting Formulas – Is Wilks Best, and What Are the Alternatives?" 2603:

Power Lifting: Technique and training for athletic muscular development

1478: 909: 449:, briefs, suits, and sometimes knee wraps made of materials that store 373: 294: 6701: 798:

Any downward motion of the bar during the course of being pressed out.

7911: 7286: 6642: 6490: 6485: 6435: 6280: 6218: 5033: 527: 515: 845:

Supporting the bar on the thighs during the performance of the lift.

7008: 6522: 6512: 6440: 6244: 6233: 6228: 6213: 4897:

Dorrell, Harry F.; Moore, Joseph M.; Gee, Thomas I. (9 June 2020).

4766: 4432:"Powerlifting Rules & Commands for Squat, Bench & Deadlift" 1961: 801:

Contact with the bar by the spotters between the referee's signals.

751:

Contact with the bar by the spotters between the referee's signals.

689: 495: 479: 396:

for men with spinal cord injuries. At the 2000 Paralympic Games in

314: 178: 95: 6567: 6051:"Powerlifting Equipped and Unequipped Elite Classification Charts" 3188:"What is the point of equipped powerlifting? - SoCal Powerlifting" 2575:"How-To Squat Correctly: Technique, Benefits & Muscles Worked" 193:. Eventually, odd lifts became standardized to the current three. 169:

that consists of three attempts at maximal weight on three lifts:

9252: 6465: 6316: 6301: 6265: 6170: 5454: 3542:

Silver, Tobin; Fortenbaugh, Dave; Williams, Ryan (23 July 2009).

2047: 1046: 804:

Any contact of the lifter's shoes with the bench or its supports.

463: 333: 213:

considered when distinguishing equipped from unequipped lifting.

186: 5595: 4951: 4134:"Beginner's Guide to Powerlifting - Lifts, Competitions, Judges" 3365:"Knee Sleeves vs Knee Wraps: Differences and Which Do You Need?" 819:

In the deadlift, the lifter may choose a conventional stance or

600:

Most powerlifting federations use the following weight classes:

216:

Competitions take place across the world. Powerlifting has been

208:

specifically). Equipment in this context refers to a supportive

6311: 6270: 3090: 2527:"The Place of Monolift Attachments in Modern Strength Training" 1042: 519: 397: 356: 348: 4011: 2784:"Effects of the Bench Shirt on Selected Bench Press Mechanics" 6601: 1941:"United States Powerlifting Association Technical Rules 2023" 1771: 1088:

List of world championships medalists in powerlifting (women)

523: 4736:"Powerlifting Versus Weightlifting for Athletic Performance" 3417:"A Detailed Guide on How to Use Knee Wraps for Powerlifting" 3291:"The Evolution of the Squat Suit Over the Past Twenty Years" 2682:"The Evolution of the Squat Suit Over the Past Twenty Years" 851:

Lowering the bar before receiving the head referee's signal.

204:(typically referred to as 'classic' or 'raw' lifting in the 6285: 5142:"Pull Up Exercises for Powerlifting: What You Need to Know" 4055:"Infographic: The Greatest Wilks Scores of All Time (2024)" 3266:"Squat Suit: What Is It? How It Works? How to Use? Sizing?" 3140:"How To Put On Knee Sleeves Properly (According To Expert)" 2788:

22 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports (2004)

2710: 2274:"Some NASA Members Give Their Take on Lifting in the USAPL" 1083:

List of world championships medalists in powerlifting (men)

1008:

Of these federations, the oldest and most prominent is the

445:

In powerlifting, supportive equipment refers to supportive

5655: 5034:"Use the Bent-Over Row to Make Big Gains With Big Weights" 4958:

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

1748:. University of California - Santa Barbara. Archived from 1739: 1321:"The History of the International Powerlifting Federation" 462:

bench, or conventional or monolift stand for squat or the

5762:"Disciplines - International Powerlifting Federation IPF" 5191: 3541: 3391:"Wrist Wraps vs. Lifting Straps | What's the Difference?" 1838:"Unlike all too many powerlifters, nine-time world champ" 1035: 656: 655:

Competitors are judged against other lifters of the same

486:). This garment deforms during the downward portion of a 483: 5662:

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

5603:

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

4187:"WATCH: How Would You Program for a Deadlift Only Meet?" 3824:"United States Powerlifting Association Technical Rules" 573:

For the bench press, there are single-ply and multi-ply

44:

The deadlift being performed by 2009 IPF World Champion

4213:"Programming Considerations for Bench-Only Competitors" 509: 274:. In 1958, the National Weightlifting Committee of the 2070:"Raw Unity Powerlifting Championships - RAW Unity FAQ" 1238: 419: 293:

were beginning to come under increasing pressure from

6130: 5923:"Transgender Participation Policy | USA Powerlifting" 5788:"Raw Powerlifting Will Debut at the 2025 World Games" 2711:

Blatnik, JA; Skinner JW; McBride JM (December 2012).

2427:"Can You Use Straps In Powerlifting? Rules Explained" 1658:"History - International Powerlifting Federation IPF" 1583:"History - International Powerlifting Federation IPF" 1528:"AAU World Powerlifting Championships 1972 (results)" 1454:"History - International Powerlifting Federation IPF" 1276:"Story: Bodybuilding, weightlifting and powerlifting" 336:. All of the referees were American. Weights were in 245:

The roots of powerlifting are found in traditions of

5887:"Suspension of the Russian and Ukrainian Federation" 5862:"So You Wanna Be a Powerlifter? Know Your Equipment" 5706:

Slater, Gary; Phillips, Stuart M. (1 January 2011).

2401:"So You Wanna Be a Powerlifter? Know Your Equipment" 1683:"EPF History - European Powerlifting Federation EPF" 1049:

has been temporarily banned from competition due to

1794: 1792: 646:A powerlifting competition takes place as follows: 5115:Antonio Cortes, Alexander Juan (21 January 2013). 2600: 2452:"Is Using A Lifting Belt Cheating? No, Here's Why" 2095:"Everything You Wanted to Know About Bench Shirts" 1798: 1246: 4458:"Possible Reasons for Red Lights in Powerlifting" 3544:"Effects of the bench shirt on sagittal bar path" 3440: 1558:"1972 AAU Men's World Powerlifting Championships" 1245:Paciorek, Michael J.; Jones, Jefferey A. (2001). 877:, such as specific adaptation to imposed demand ( 767:completed as the weight is returned to the rack. 9398: 5308: 4106:"How is the "Best Lifter" determined in a meet?" 2818:"A Beginner's Guide To Powerlifting Squat Suits" 1789: 830: 780: 5309:Trezise, J.; Blazevich, A. J. (6 August 2019). 5117:"Good Mornings: Understanding a Great Exercise" 4896: 3939:"What Is a Good IPF GL Score for Powerlifters?" 935: 842:Failure to lock the knees while standing erect. 631:Age categories are depended on the federation. 5705: 5372:. London: Jones and Bartlett. pp. 23–25. 5114: 1520: 1190:. And when it becomes weaker this is called a 836:Any downward motion of the bar before lockout. 754:Contact of elbows or upper arms with the legs. 742:Any downward movement during the squat ascent. 727: 6717: 6583: 6116: 5461:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 4773:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 4530:"Move United Para Powerlifting Rulebook 2023" 3548:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 3447:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 3097:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2758: 2756: 2717:Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 1244: 1023:. The IPF has many international affiliates. 1019:, an international event affiliated with the 970:Prominent international federations include: 5396:Jiang, Dongting; Xu, Gang (29 August 2022). 5282: 5256: 5167:"Will Dips Make You Stronger at Bench Press" 3010:"Is Powerlifting Undergoing a Resurrection?" 2815: 1633:"IPF Men's World Powerlifting Championships" 392:In 1984, powerlifting was included into the 4575: 4084:"Age Coefficients Used In USA Powerlifting" 3914:"Understanding Powerlifting Weight Classes" 3911: 3778:"Powerlifting Weight Classes (Infographic)" 3388: 3007: 2501:"Raw Powerlifting vs Equipped Powerlifting" 1915:"American Strength Legends: The Organizers" 1128:Progression of the bench press world record 1118:U.S. intercollegiate powerlifting champions 983:Natural Athlete Strength Association (NASA) 736:Double bouncing at the bottom of the squat. 319:British Amateur Weight Lifters' Association 6724: 6710: 6590: 6576: 6123: 6109: 5058:Lee, Jihoo; Kim, Jisu (26 December 2022). 4823: 3342:"USA Powerlifting Raw With Wraps Division" 3263: 2753: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2651: 2649: 1840:. Sports Illustrated Vault. Archived from 1835: 1060: 473: 38: 5971: 5683: 5673: 5632: 5614: 5431: 5413: 5367: 5344: 5326: 5233: 5091: 5016: 4784: 4751: 4210: 3912:Stone, Chris; Miller, Tom (3 July 2020). 2977:"IPF Classic "unequipped" World Cup 2012" 2816:Powerlifting, Anderson (23 August 2022). 2728: 2219:"New To Powerlifting - Let's Get Started" 1987:"The Choice for Drug-free Strength Sport" 1273: 1249:Disability sport and recreation resources 1041:On March 1, 2022, the IPF announced that 590: 5859: 5785: 5532: 5370:Weight Training for Strength and Fitness 3489:"What are Squat Suits and Bench Shirts?" 3414: 3213:"What are Squat Suits and Bench Shirts?" 2841: 2803:Complete Body Development with Dumbbells 2781: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2398: 2375: 2373: 1380:"The History of Powerlifting in the USA" 1133:History of physical training and fitness 551: 6731: 5967: 5965: 5815:. International Powerlifting Federation 5528: 5526: 5524: 5395: 5391: 5389: 4675:"Training Specificity for Powerlifters" 4650:"Hitching the Deadlift | Mark Rippetoe" 4550: 4548: 4546: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4429: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4184: 4128: 4126: 4103: 4078: 4076: 4041:Bellarmine University Intramural Sports 3642:"USA Powerlifting Technical Rules 2013" 2947:"2008 Raw Nationals - USA Powerlifting" 2704: 2668: 2655: 2646: 1093:World Drug-Free Powerlifting Federation 990:World Drug-Free Powerlifting Federation 986:Revolution Powerlifting Syndicate (RPS) 568: 440: 196:In competition, lifts may be performed 14: 9399: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5057: 5006: 4824:Thibaudeau, Christian (16 June 2014). 4417:United States Powerlifting Association 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4211:Naspinski, Gabriel (5 February 2015). 3876:(PDF), p. 3. Retrieved 12 August 2007. 3831:United States Powerlifting Association 3588: 3076:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2805:. Meyer & Meyer Sport. p. 37. 2800: 2794: 2762: 2598: 2424: 1503:"AAU World Powerlifting Championships" 1353:Dunn, Will Freeman (10 January 2018). 151: – present (Equipped) 6705: 6571: 6557:International World Games Association 6104: 5031: 5011:(Thesis). Illinois State University. 4849: 4636:International Powerlifting Federation 4603:"A Guide Powerlifting Deadlift Rules" 4576:Scantalides, Artemis (20 June 2017). 4563:International Powerlifting Federation 4509:"WPC Official Rule Book 2016 Edition" 4495:International Powerlifting Federation 4396:International Powerlifting Federation 4375:International Powerlifting Federation 4343:International Powerlifting Federation 4295:International Powerlifting Federation 4158: 4010:(in Croatian). Go Max. Archived from 3853:International Powerlifting Federation 3818: 3816: 3807:International Powerlifting Federation 3747:International Powerlifting Federation 3512: 3510: 3182: 3180: 3178: 2480: 2469: 2382:"Use of fitness drug in Powerlifting" 2370: 2184:International Powerlifting Federation 1497: 1495: 1448: 1446: 1318: 1274:Clayworth, Peter (5 September 2013). 978:International Powerlifting Federation 369:International Powerlifting Federation 5962: 5835:"Choosing A Powerlifting Federation" 5521: 5386: 4733: 4578:"How To Choose Your Deadlift Stance" 4543: 4475: 4430:Jacques, Heather (1 November 2022). 4349: 4123: 4073: 3980: 3389:Sudnykovych, Jaysen (14 July 2023). 3264:Silverberg, Avi (18 November 2020). 2923:. Powerlifting Watch. Archived from 2897:. Powerlifting Watch. Archived from 2656:Perrine, Stephen (29 October 2004). 2629:"Get better grip during bench press" 2244:"USA Powerlifting Online Newsletter" 2125:"USA Powerlifting Online Newsletter" 2044:"Message from Gene Rychlak 08.20.11" 1352: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 897:than bodybuilding and less focus on 581: 510:Squat suit material and construction 6597: 5974:"Lifter Classification Information" 5692: 5582: 5504:"Are Partial Reps A Waste of Time?" 5283:Lingenfelser, Ryan (22 July 2014). 5257:Lingenfelser, Ryan (22 July 2014). 4856:Strength & Conditioning Journal 4455: 4301: 4275: 4255: 4236: 4185:Goggins, Steve (16 February 2018). 3885: 2867: 2844:"So You Want to Try A Bench Shirt…" 2679: 2572: 944: 757:Any dropping or dumping of the bar. 538: 494:, or the descent to the bar in the 420:Developments in equipment and rules 24: 6744:List of world sports championships 6025:"American Powerlifting Federation" 5501: 3813: 3710:"Southern Powerlifting Federation" 3674:"Welcome uspla.org - BlueHost.com" 3507: 3415:Ehtesham, Mussayab (27 May 2024). 3175: 2895:"100% Raw Powerlifting Federation" 2425:Putsov, Sergii (12 January 2024). 2296:"Southern Powerlifting Federation" 1989:. USA Powerlifting. Archived from 1740:Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. 1492: 1443: 1222:. USA Powerlifting. Archived from 863: 559: 25: 9433: 6132:Sports of the World Games program 4740:Strength and Conditioning Journal 4161:"What Is Pull/Push Powerlifting?" 3981:Dunn, Will Freeman (6 May 2018). 3886:Kay, Jonathan (2 February 2023). 3589:Canada, W. P. C. (15 June 2020). 3137: 3026:from the original on 1 April 2013 2921:"UPA Finalizes Definition of Raw" 2842:Thevenot, Cole (20 August 2019). 2607:. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 2379: 2205:World Raw Powerlifting Federation 1864:"Powerlifting at the Paralympics" 1708:"First U.S. Power Lift For Women" 1331: 995:World Powerlifting Alliance (WPA) 6651: 6547: 6546: 6078:. 1 January 2013. Archived from 6061: 6043: 6017: 5991: 5936: 5915: 5879: 5860:Krawczyk, Bryce (11 July 2017). 5853: 5827: 5805: 5779: 5754: 5649: 5552: 5495: 5448: 5361: 5302: 5276: 5250: 5185: 5159: 5134: 5108: 5051: 5025: 5000: 4945: 4890: 4843: 4817: 4760: 4753:10.1519/00126548-200710000-00008 4727: 4710: 4692: 4667: 4642: 4621: 4595: 4582:Aligned & Empowered Coaching 4569: 4522: 4501: 4449: 4423: 4410:"USPA Rulebook March 13th, 2024" 4402: 4381: 4249: 4230: 4204: 4178: 4152: 4097: 4047: 4026: 4000: 3974: 3949: 3931: 3905: 2399:Krawczyk, Bryce (11 July 2017). 1179: 1170: 1160: 1057:, supporting Russia's invasion. 974:100% Raw Powerlifting Federation 893:, with less focus on volume and 362: 240: 224:only) since 1984 and, under the 156: – present (Raw) 5533:Conalton, Bobby (15 May 2013). 5285:"Understanding Strength Curves" 5259:"Understanding Strength Curves" 5064:Physical Activity and Nutrition 4629:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 4556:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 4488:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 4389:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 4368:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 4336:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 4288:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 4034:"SCHWARTZ & MALONE FORMULA" 3888:"Gender, Sex, and Powerlifting" 3879: 3846:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2007" 3837: 3800:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2023" 3792: 3770: 3753: 3740:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2011" 3732: 3702: 3666: 3634: 3608: 3582: 3535: 3481: 3434: 3408: 3382: 3357: 3334: 3309: 3283: 3257: 3231: 3205: 3157: 3131: 3084: 3038: 3001: 2969: 2939: 2913: 2887: 2861: 2835: 2809: 2775: 2621: 2592: 2566: 2544: 2519: 2493: 2444: 2418: 2392: 2344: 2318: 2288: 2266: 2236: 2211: 2190: 2177:"IPF Technical Rules Book 2024" 2169: 2147: 2117: 2087: 2062: 2027: 2005: 1979: 1954: 1933: 1907: 1881: 1856: 1829: 1764: 1746:The American Presidency Project 1733: 1700: 1675: 1650: 1625: 1600: 1575: 1550: 1471: 1021:International Olympic Committee 56:1950s, United States of America 8763:long distance mountain running 5972:Henriques, Tim (1 July 2024). 5560:"Do Powerlifters Need Cardio?" 4850:Nevin, Jonpaul (August 2019). 4700:"The Seven Principles and You" 3616:"Raw vs Equipped Powerlifting" 3219:(in German). 16 September 2017 1836:Terry Todd (22 October 1984). 1422: 1397: 1372: 1319:Unitt, Dennis (4 April 2019). 1312: 1286: 1267: 1212: 1053:and the president of Belarus, 965: 761: 641: 13: 1: 7222:Olympic Class Combined Worlds 4915:10.1080/02640414.2020.1767338 4718:"You are being redirected..." 4419:: 26 & 27. 13 March 2024. 2481:Levin, Josh (9 August 2004). 1479:"History – BCPA Powerlifting" 1355:"The History of Powerlifting" 1298:squat | press | lift | repeat 1294:"The History of Powerlifting" 1205: 7592:Ju-Jitsu World Championships 5786:Whiteley, Jo (3 July 2023). 5724:10.1080/02640414.2011.574722 5535:"Benefits of Lifting Chains" 5473:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000950 4868:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000471 4786:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000480 4258:"High bar vs Low bar Squats" 4159:Halse, Henry (8 July 2011). 4104:sannong (13 February 2015). 3855:. March 2007. Archived from 3761:"IPF Technical Rule Changes" 3560:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181918949 3459:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182429840 3109:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003869 2730:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182736641 2573:Zai, Claire (8 March 2024). 2483:"One Giant Lift for Mankind" 1893:USA Paralympics Powerlifting 1113:Strongman (strength athlete) 1051:Russia's invasion of Ukraine 956: 936:Variable resistance training 7: 5032:Dewar, Mike (25 May 2022). 4516:World Powerlifting Congress 4110:World Powerlifting Congress 3961:World Powerlifting Congress 3165:"Powerlifting Knee Sleeves" 2198:"WRPF Technical Rules Book" 2013:"ADAU Merges With 100% Raw" 1253:. Cooper publishing group. 1076: 999:World Powerlifting Congress 858: 831:Causes for disqualification 814: 781:Causes for disqualification 728:Causes for disqualification 10: 9438: 6069:"Technical Rule Book 2013" 5712:Journal of Sports Sciences 5218:10.1038/s41598-021-87372-y 4903:Journal of Sports Sciences 4239:"Powerlifting Federations" 4091:USA Powerlifting Minnesota 3987:Taylor's Strength Training 1799:Thomas M. Hunt; Jan Todd. 1359:Taylor's Strength Training 1196:bell shaped strength curve 748:Failure to squat to depth. 382:Amateur Sports Act of 1978 235: 138: – present 9380: 9311:Mobile Legends: Bang Bang 9251: 8660: 8279: 8272: 8195: 7967: 7902: 7893: 7795: 7640: 7577: 7484: 7418: 7409: 7324: 6966: 6761: 6752: 6739: 6660: 6649: 6608: 6552:Sports at the World Games 6542: 6505: 6428: 6346: 6325: 6294: 6258: 6196: 6139:Artistic and dance sports 6138: 5675:10.1186/1550-2783-7-S1-P8 5616:10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y 5415:10.3389/fphys.2022.979367 5368:Silvester, L Jay (1992). 5018:10.30707/etd2015.canino.m 3957:"APF BEST LIFTER FORMULA" 3270:PowerliftingTechnique.com 2155:"Origins of the Monolift" 1919:American Strength Legends 1192:descending strength curve 1004:Powerlifting America (PA) 928:, lunges, good mornings, 675: 142: 129: 119: 111: 106: 91: 83: 73: 65: 60: 52: 37: 5328:10.3389/fphys.2019.01001 4679:Marylandpowerlifting.com 4237:Navraez, Israel Thomas. 3714:southernpowerlifting.com 3620:Iron Bull Strength - USA 3518:"Multi-Ply Powerlifting" 3317:"Multi-Ply Powerlifting" 2300:Southernpowerlifting.com 1188:ascending strength curve 1153: 703: 698: 500:elastic potential energy 451:elastic potential energy 376:, hosted by Vic Mercer. 8243:Radio-controlled racing 6146:Artistic roller skating 5402:Frontiers in Physiology 5315:Frontiers in Physiology 4970:10.1123/ijspp.2019-0058 4826:"22 Proven Rep Schemes" 2870:"THE BENCH PRESS SHIRT" 2782:Williams, Ryan (2004). 2599:Groves, Barney (2000). 1098:Paralympic powerlifting 1061:Rank and classification 918:velocity based training 883:velocity based training 839:Failure to stand erect. 474:Principles of operation 9226:long distance duathlon 8882:mountain bike marathon 8248:1:10 electric off-road 7506:Bobsleigh and skeleton 7031:Bobsleigh and skeleton 6076:www.powerlifting.sport 5978:All About powerlifting 5948:www.powerlifting.sport 5766:www.powerlifting.sport 5076:10.20463/pan.2022.0020 5007:Canino, Maria (2015). 4565:: 10. 23 January 2024. 4497:: 21. 23 January 2024. 4398:: 10. 23 January 2024. 4377:: 11. 23 January 2024. 4345:: 12. 23 January 2024. 4297:: 20. 23 January 2024. 4008:"Bodovni koeficijenti" 1662:www.powerlifting.sport 1637:en.allpowerlifting.com 1612:www.powerlifting.sport 1587:www.powerlifting.sport 1532:En.allpowerlifting.com 1458:www.powerlifting.sport 868:Powerlifters practice 653: 591:Classes and categories 276:Amateur Athletic Union 112:Country or region 7446:Wheelchair basketball 6770:Association football 6633:Olympic weightlifting 4704:powerliftingwatch.com 2822:Anderson Powerlifting 2801:McKown, Mark (2007). 2207:: 11. 7 January 2023. 2186:: 7. 23 January 2024. 1950:: 10. 1 January 2023. 906:set & rep schemes 648: 552:Equipped powerlifting 282:. York Barbell owner 260:Olympic weightlifting 191:strongman competition 183:Olympic weightlifting 181:. As in the sport of 9332:Pro Evolution Soccer 9046:inline speed skating 8637:Synchronized skating 7954:Sports Car Endurance 7602:Kickboxing (amateur) 6429:Past official sports 6408:Competition climbing 6391:Speed roller skating 6161:Acrobatic gymnastics 4734:Chiu, Loren (2007). 4456:Padilla, Sebastian. 4256:Padilla, Sebastian. 3862:on 29 September 2007 3833:: 8. 1 January 2022. 3809:: 3–4. January 2023. 3591:"BENCH SHIRT BASICS" 3017:Startingstrength.com 2927:on 20 September 2021 2633:Nordic Training Gear 2276:. Powerlifting Watch 2157:. Powerlifting Watch 2099:Musclemagfitness.com 2015:. Powerlifting Watch 1868:www.topendsports.com 1430:"Remembering Grimek" 1409:Muscular Development 1138:List of powerlifters 1055:Alexander Lukashenko 901:than weightlifting. 569:Equipped bench press 441:Supportive equipment 343:In 1972, the second 299:Muscular Development 280:York Barbell Company 8302:Australian football 7587:Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu 7460:Wheelchair curling 7451:Wheelchair handball 6733:World championships 6618:Grip strength sport 6506:Invitational sports 6176:Rhythmic gymnastics 5210:2021NatSR..11.7844A 4243:Powerlifting to Win 4014:on 17 February 2015 3720:on 25 February 2014 3495:. 16 September 2017 3171:. 5 September 2022. 3103:(Suppl 1): S6–S15. 2989:on 3 September 2013 2658:"Misfits of Muscle" 2431:Warm Body Cold Mind 2358:. 10 September 2022 2306:on 25 February 2014 2248:Usapowerlifting.com 2129:Usapowerlifting.com 610:IPF weight classes: 468:magnesium carbonate 291:Strength and Health 34: 9111:ski mountaineering 8960:Modern pentathlon 8527:Quidditch/Quadball 8286:American football 8253:1:8 nitro off-road 7720:chinese eight ball 7476:Sitting volleyball 6681:Strength athletics 6623:Kettlebell lifting 6166:Aerobic gymnastics 5198:Scientific Reports 4638:. 23 January 2024. 4609:. 31 December 2019 4462:SoCal Powerlifting 4262:SoCal Powerlifting 3622:. 17 November 2023 3192:SoCal Powerlifting 3058:on 22 October 2012 2951:Usaplnationals.com 2848:Blacksmith Fitness 2692:on 3 December 2013 2507:. 24 November 2023 2332:on 21 October 2017 1993:on 20 January 2013 1844:on 9 November 2009 1752:on 18 January 2017 1712:The New York Times 1538:on 16 January 2013 1325:Powerlifting.Sport 1226:on 8 December 2013 1148:Strength athletics 714:squatting position 330:York, Pennsylvania 218:a Paralympic sport 32: 9422:Physical exercise 9412:Individual sports 9394: 9393: 9376: 9375: 9339:Rainbow Six Siege 9304:League of Legends 9091:practical shotgun 9081:practical handgun 8647:Underwater hockey 8268: 8267: 7969:Motorcycle sports 7858:draughts-64 women 7695:English billiards 7573: 7572: 7411:Paralympic sports 7405: 7404: 7207:Modern pentathlon 6699: 6698: 6666:Strength training 6565: 6564: 6055:criticalbench.com 5718:(sup1): S67–S77. 5467:(10): 2932–2940. 4909:(17): 2013–2020. 4779:(10): 2909–2918. 4654:Starting Strength 3453:(10): 2844–2849. 3353:. 1 January 2021. 3245:. 6 December 2023 3169:PowerliftingToWin 3008:Marty Gallagher. 2901:on 3 October 2023 2765:"The Power Squat" 2763:McCullough, Tom. 2554:. 11 January 2020 1772:"USPF the Legend" 1714:. 17 April 1978. 1562:Open Powerlifting 1300:. 4 February 2013 951:Aerobic exercises 582:Equipped deadlift 247:strength training 165:is a competitive 160: 159: 16:(Redirected from 9429: 9051:roller freestyle 9031:artistic skating 8768:snowshoe running 8758:mountain running 8652:Underwater rugby 8277: 8276: 8202:Aeroplane sport 7900: 7899: 7649:Carom billiards 7456:Wheelchair rugby 7430:Para ice hockey 7416: 7415: 7195:artificial track 6836:Beach volleyball 6759: 6758: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6703: 6702: 6655: 6592: 6585: 6578: 6569: 6568: 6550: 6549: 6529:Wheelchair rugby 6446:Beach volleyball 6307:Billiards sports 6295:Precision sports 6125: 6118: 6111: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6085:on 19 March 2013 6084: 6073: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6027:. Archived from 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6001:. Archived from 5995: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5969: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5944:"War in Ukraine" 5940: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5902: 5896:. Archived from 5891: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5703: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5677: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5636: 5618: 5593: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5566:. Archived from 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5530: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5435: 5417: 5393: 5384: 5383: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5330: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5237: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5095: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4788: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4723:. 25 March 2013. 4714: 4708: 4707: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4633: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4607:Gunsmith Fitness 4599: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4560: 4552: 4541: 4540: 4534: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4513: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4492: 4484: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4414: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4393: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4372: 4364: 4347: 4346: 4340: 4332: 4299: 4298: 4292: 4284: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4088: 4080: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4061:. 3 October 2017 4051: 4045: 4044: 4038: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3861: 3850: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3820: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3744: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3716:. Archived from 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3689: 3683:. Archived from 3678: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3653: 3647:. Archived from 3646: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3554:(4): 1125–1128. 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3514: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3350:USA Powerlifting 3346: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3184: 3173: 3172: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3057: 3051:. Archived from 3050: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3025: 3014: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2988: 2982:. Archived from 2981: 2973: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2953:. Archived from 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2874:Westside Barbell 2868:Simmons, Louie. 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2732: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2688:. Archived from 2677: 2666: 2665: 2653: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2606: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2579:Barbell Medicine 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2478: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2377: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2328:. Archived from 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2302:. Archived from 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2254:on 19 March 2013 2250:. Archived from 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2223:Deepsquatter.com 2215: 2209: 2208: 2202: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2135:on 17 March 2013 2131:. Archived from 2121: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2101:. Archived from 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2074:Rawunitymeet.com 2066: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2050:. 20 August 2011 2031: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2009: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1966:APA Powerlifting 1958: 1952: 1951: 1945: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1816: 1810:. Archived from 1808:Library.la84.org 1805: 1796: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1687:europowerlifting 1679: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1534:. Archived from 1524: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1499: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1439:: 2. April 1999. 1434: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1350: 1329: 1328: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1252: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1216: 1199: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1103:Powerlifting USA 945:Aerobic exercise 899:power generation 539:Raw powerlifting 409:USA Powerlifting 394:Paralympic Games 42: 35: 31: 21: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9427: 9426: 9417:Athletic sports 9397: 9396: 9395: 9390: 9372: 9247: 9166:SUP/paddleboard 9143:Summer biathlon 9086:practical rifle 9041:inline downhill 8656: 8395:Formation Latin 8264: 8191: 8146:team long track 7963: 7889: 7791: 7735:women nine-ball 7636: 7625:beach wrestling 7569: 7480: 7401: 7320: 7071:mountain biking 6962: 6748: 6735: 6730: 6700: 6695: 6671:Weight training 6656: 6647: 6604: 6596: 6566: 6561: 6538: 6501: 6424: 6342: 6326:Strength sports 6321: 6290: 6254: 6192: 6134: 6129: 6099: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6034: 6032: 6023: 6022: 6018: 6008: 6006: 6005:on 15 July 2013 5997: 5996: 5992: 5982: 5980: 5970: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5903:on 15 July 2011 5900: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5870: 5868: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5784: 5780: 5770: 5768: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5704: 5693: 5654: 5650: 5594: 5583: 5573: 5571: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5543: 5541: 5531: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5500: 5496: 5453: 5449: 5394: 5387: 5380: 5366: 5362: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5281: 5277: 5267: 5265: 5255: 5251: 5190: 5186: 5176: 5174: 5173:. 21 April 2023 5165: 5164: 5160: 5150: 5148: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5113: 5109: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5030: 5026: 5005: 5001: 4950: 4946: 4895: 4891: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4822: 4818: 4765: 4761: 4732: 4728: 4721:Jtsstrength.com 4716: 4715: 4711: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4631: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4586: 4584: 4574: 4570: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4544: 4532: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4511: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4428: 4424: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4350: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4302: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4254: 4250: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4209: 4205: 4195: 4193: 4183: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4132: 4131: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4102: 4098: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4043:: 1. June 2009. 4036: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3943:Sportive Tricks 3937: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3848: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3814: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3780:. 26 April 2016 3776: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3749:. January 2011. 3742: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3690:on 26 July 2014 3687: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3654:on 26 July 2014 3651: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3625: 3623: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3587: 3583: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3439: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3297:. 17 March 2013 3289: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3186: 3185: 3176: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3136: 3132: 3089: 3085: 3069: 3068: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3048: 3046:"Archived copy" 3044: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3012: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2957:on 8 March 2014 2945: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2814: 2810: 2799: 2795: 2780: 2776: 2769:Strength Online 2761: 2754: 2709: 2705: 2695: 2693: 2680:Garland, Tony. 2678: 2669: 2654: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2597: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2479: 2470: 2460: 2458: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2423: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2397: 2393: 2378: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2078: 2076: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2053: 2051: 2042: 2039:Wayback Machine 2032: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2011: 2010: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1970: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1817:on 1 March 2014 1814: 1803: 1797: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1776:USPF the Legend 1770: 1769: 1765: 1755: 1753: 1738: 1734: 1724: 1722: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1691: 1689: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1666: 1664: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1641: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1616: 1614: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1591: 1589: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1541: 1539: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1507:AllPowerlifting 1501: 1500: 1493: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1452: 1451: 1444: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1388: 1386: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1363: 1361: 1351: 1332: 1317: 1313: 1303: 1301: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1243: 1239: 1229: 1227: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1123:Weight training 1079: 1063: 968: 959: 947: 938: 908:are based on a 870:weight training 866: 864:Weight training 861: 833: 817: 783: 764: 730: 706: 701: 678: 644: 596:Weight classes: 593: 584: 571: 562: 560:Equipped squats 554: 541: 512: 476: 443: 422: 365: 264:Clean and Press 243: 238: 152: 61:Characteristics 48: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9435: 9425: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9370: 9363: 9356: 9349: 9342: 9335: 9328: 9321: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9293: 9286: 9279: 9272: 9269:Counter-Strike 9265: 9257: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9246: 9245: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9216:cross duathlon 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9185: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9145: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9095: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9075: 9074: 9073: 9068: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8983: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8958: 8953: 8952: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8918: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8866: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8821: 8820: 8819: 8814: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8790: 8782: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8727: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8707: 8702: 8701: 8700: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8664: 8662: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8623: 8622: 8617: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8574: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8561:Roller hockey 8559: 8558: 8557: 8552: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8503: 8502: 8494: 8489: 8488: 8487: 8482: 8474: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8456:Indoor hockey 8454: 8453: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8372:Beach handball 8369: 8368: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8339: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8298: 8297: 8292: 8283: 8281: 8274: 8270: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8256: 8255: 8250: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8187: 8179: 8178: 8177: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8155: 8154: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8125: 8120: 8119: 8118: 8108: 8107: 8106: 8101: 8099:Supersport 300 8096: 8091: 8083: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8069:SuperMotocross 8066: 8061: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8041: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8016: 8015: 8014: 8009: 8001: 8000: 7999: 7997:team endurance 7994: 7989: 7979: 7973: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7908: 7906: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7812: 7807: 7801: 7799: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7740:team nine-ball 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7692: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7652:Three-cushion 7646: 7644: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7634: 7629: 7628: 7627: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7583: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7512: 7507: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7428: 7426:Blind football 7422: 7420: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7397: 7392: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7362: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7307: 7306: 7296: 7295: 7294: 7289: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7264:Sport climbing 7261: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7203: 7202: 7197: 7189: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7090: 7089: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 6998: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6983: 6978: 6976:Aquatic sports 6972: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6953: 6945: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6905: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6893: 6885: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6838: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6824:3x3 basketball 6821: 6816: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6767: 6765: 6756: 6754:Olympic sports 6750: 6749: 6747: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6729: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6706: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6691:CrossFit Games 6688: 6686:Highland games 6683: 6678: 6676:Power training 6673: 6668: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6595: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6572: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6461:Indoor cycling 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6410: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6366:Canoe marathon 6363: 6362: 6361: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6204:Beach handball 6200: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6153: 6148: 6142: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6128: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6105: 6097: 6096: 6060: 6042: 6031:on 17 May 2013 6016: 5990: 5961: 5950:. 1 March 2022 5935: 5914: 5878: 5852: 5841:. 30 June 2020 5826: 5804: 5778: 5753: 5691: 5648: 5581: 5570:on 9 June 2013 5551: 5520: 5502:Dieter, Brad. 5494: 5447: 5385: 5378: 5360: 5301: 5275: 5249: 5184: 5158: 5133: 5107: 5050: 5024: 4999: 4964:(4): 554–561. 4944: 4889: 4842: 4816: 4759: 4726: 4709: 4691: 4666: 4641: 4620: 4594: 4568: 4542: 4521: 4500: 4474: 4448: 4422: 4401: 4380: 4348: 4300: 4274: 4248: 4229: 4203: 4177: 4151: 4140:. 7 April 2021 4122: 4096: 4072: 4046: 4025: 3999: 3973: 3948: 3930: 3904: 3878: 3836: 3812: 3791: 3769: 3752: 3731: 3701: 3665: 3633: 3607: 3581: 3534: 3506: 3480: 3433: 3407: 3381: 3356: 3333: 3321:grindergym.com 3308: 3282: 3256: 3230: 3204: 3174: 3156: 3130: 3083: 3037: 3000: 2968: 2938: 2912: 2886: 2860: 2834: 2808: 2793: 2774: 2752: 2723:(12): 3204–8. 2703: 2667: 2645: 2620: 2613: 2591: 2565: 2543: 2518: 2492: 2468: 2443: 2417: 2391: 2369: 2343: 2317: 2287: 2265: 2235: 2210: 2189: 2168: 2146: 2116: 2105:on 13 May 2013 2086: 2061: 2026: 2004: 1978: 1953: 1932: 1906: 1895:. 24 July 2023 1880: 1855: 1828: 1788: 1763: 1732: 1699: 1674: 1649: 1624: 1599: 1574: 1549: 1519: 1491: 1470: 1442: 1421: 1396: 1384:grindergym.com 1371: 1330: 1311: 1285: 1266: 1259: 1237: 1210: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1178: 1169: 1158: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1108:Power training 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1078: 1075: 1062: 1059: 1006: 1005: 1002: 996: 993: 987: 984: 981: 975: 967: 964: 958: 955: 946: 943: 937: 934: 879:SAID principle 875:sports science 865: 862: 860: 857: 856: 855: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 832: 829: 816: 813: 812: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 782: 779: 763: 760: 759: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 729: 726: 705: 702: 700: 697: 677: 674: 643: 640: 627:Age categories 592: 589: 583: 580: 570: 567: 561: 558: 553: 550: 540: 537: 511: 508: 504:kinetic energy 475: 472: 442: 439: 421: 418: 364: 361: 272:Clean and Jerk 252:United Kingdom 242: 239: 237: 234: 167:strength sport 158: 157: 146: 140: 139: 133: 127: 126: 123: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 104: 103: 93: 89: 88: 87:Strength sport 85: 81: 80: 77: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9434: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9387: 9383: 9382: 9379: 9369: 9368: 9364: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9355: 9354: 9350: 9348: 9347: 9346:Rocket League 9343: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9320: 9319: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9294: 9292: 9291: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9280: 9278: 9277: 9273: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9250: 9244: 9241: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9221:long distance 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9036:inline alpine 9034: 9032: 9029: 9028: 9027: 9026:Roller Sports 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8999:mountain bike 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8986: 8985:Orienteering 8984: 8982: 8981:Mounted games 8979: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8896: 8895: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8847:canoe sailing 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8779: 8778:trail running 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8738:half marathon 8736: 8734: 8733:cross country 8731: 8730: 8728: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8612: 8610: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8576:Rugby league 8575: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8546:Roller derby 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8472:Inline hockey 8470: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8412:Flag football 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8275: 8271: 8261: 8260:Tank biathlon 8258: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8245: 8244: 8241: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8217:Powerboating 8216: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8168: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8159: 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7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7730:men nine-ball 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7697: 7696: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7579:Combat sports 7576: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7518:track cycling 7516: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7483: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7408: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7332:Basque pelota 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7311:Weightlifting 7309: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7234:Skateboarding 7232: 7230: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7201: 7200:natural track 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7103:Equestrianism 7101: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 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6496:Weightlifting 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6471:Roller hockey 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6312:Boules sports 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6224:Inline hockey 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6195: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6126: 6121: 6119: 6114: 6112: 6107: 6106: 6103: 6081: 6077: 6070: 6064: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6030: 6026: 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5028: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4831: 4827: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4754: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4730: 4722: 4719: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4637: 4630: 4624: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4583: 4579: 4572: 4564: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4538: 4531: 4525: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4496: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4463: 4459: 4452: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4418: 4411: 4405: 4397: 4390: 4384: 4376: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4344: 4337: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4296: 4289: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4233: 4218: 4214: 4207: 4192: 4188: 4181: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4127: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4092: 4085: 4079: 4077: 4060: 4056: 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9407:Powerlifting 9366: 9360:StarCraft II 9359: 9352: 9345: 9338: 9331: 9324: 9317: 9310: 9303: 9296: 9289: 9282: 9275: 9268: 9262:Call of Duty 9261: 9206:Ironman 70.3 9176:short course 9016:Powerlifting 8956:Ice Climbing 8705:Armwrestling 8698:water skiing 8596:Rugby union 8522:Padel tennis 8512:Minifootball 8382:Beach tennis 8377:Beach soccer 8335:women's club 8273:Other sports 8211:Aerobatic GP 8074:Sidecarcross 7565:Table tennis 7530:Powerlifting 7523:road cycling 7325:Discontinued 7274:Table tennis 7257:snowboarding 7166:Ice skating 7118:show jumping 7096:breakdancing 7092:Dance sport 6994:race walking 6941:women's club 6789:women's club 6638:Powerlifting 6637: 6613:Bodybuilding 6476:Rugby sevens 6451:Bodybuilding 6418:Wakeboarding 6413:Water skiing 6386:Orienteering 6347:Trend sports 6333:Powerlifting 6332: 6259:Martial arts 6181:Trampolining 6087:. 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