636:
805:
647:
1117:
APM86190 and APM86290 PACKETpro – codenamed "Mamba", they are single and dual core SoC processors based on the PowerPC 465 core, running at 0.6-1.5 GHz. 32 KB instruction/32 KB data L1 caches and 256 KB L2 cache, DDR3 controller, PCIe, SATA2, USB2, Gbit
Ethernet and various other
868:
Broad Reach
Engineering has used the IBM 440 synthesized core to build a radiation-hardened embedded SoC that includes various peripherals (two Ethernet MACs, PCI, memory controllers, DMA controllers, EDAC and SIO), 32 KB of L1 cache, and 256 KB of L2 cache. This device was built using the
1121:
APM86791 PACKETpro – codenamed "Keelback", it is a single core SoC processor based on the PowerPC 465 core running at 1 GHz with 32 KB instruction/32 KB data L1 caches and 256 KB L2 cache, DDR3 controller, 2x PCIe, 2x SATA2, 2x USB2, 4x Gbit
Ethernet. It also incorporates an
980:
embeds up to two PPC440 cores. The embedded PPC440 has a maximum frequency of 550 MHz, and connects to the surrounding FPGA-fabric through a special crossbar switch, increasing the Virtex-5 FXT family's system performance over 2.6 times compared to the Virtex-4 FX family's embedded
622:
While the 403 was popular, it was also too high performance and too costly for some applications, so in 1996 IBM released a bare bones PowerPC core, called PowerPC 401. It has a single issue, three-stage pipeline, with no MMU or DMA and only 2 KB instruction and 1 KB data L1
939:
based processors across HyperTransport (together making a processing element, PE), as well as six 7.6 GB/s links to neighboring PEs. SeaStar2+ offers 9.6 GB/s intra-node bandwidth and error correcting functionality to intercept errors en route between computing
775:. These are the most energy efficient Power Architecture products to date (Fall 2010), and supports frequencies up to 800 MHz at ~1 W, or 0.3 W idling. Made to support a wide range of applications from networking, to storage and media devices.
627:. The design contained just 85,000 transistors in all and operated at up to 100 MHz, drawing only 0.1 W or less. Applications using the 401 core range from set-top boxes and telecom switches to printers and fax machines.
1101:
PowerPC 460SX and 460GTx are based on the 464-H90 core. They are targeted towards very high-end storage and networking applications, respectively. They run at 0.8 to 1.2 GHz, have 512 KB of L2 cache that doubles as
1155:
instructions. Emitting 1.6 W at 1.6 GHz on a 45 nm fabrication process. The 9 stage out of order, 5-issue pipeline handles speeds up to 2 GHz, supports the PLB6 bus, up to 1 MB L2 cache and up to 16 cores in
948:
The PowerPC 460EX and 460GT from AMCC are, despite their name, processors with the 440 core. They are available at 0.6 to 1.2 GHz and have integrated controllers for DDR or DDR2 SDRAM, USB 2.0, PCIe, SATA, and
Gigabit
1106:
storage, a 400 MHz clock DDR2 memory controller, four
Gigabit Ethernet controllers, PCIe controllers and a variety of application-specific accelerators and controller facilities. They are manufactured on a 90 nm
492:(AMCC) bought assets concerning the 400 family cores from IBM in April 2004 for $ 227 million, and they now market the processors under their own name. IBM continues evolving the cores while supplying design and
964:
for
AppliedMicro from the ground up using the PowerPC 440 core spec. AppliedMicro used the Titan core in their APM832xx family high performance system on a chip products but these parts never came to market.
1575:
1164:
LSI Axxia ACP3448 – 1.8 GHz, 4× 476FP cores, 512 kB L2 cache per core, 4 MB L3 cache on chip, 2× DDR3 controllers, 2× 10 Gbit
Ethernet, 3× PCIe, and a variety of network-processing
1016:, dual 440 cores with dual precision FPUs and auxiliary computing units providing acceleration and protection for communications, complex algorithms and synchronization between cores.
1114:
configurable as L2 cache. PCIe, SATA2, USB2, Gbit
Ethernet and various other I/O interfaces and accelerators like TCP/IP offloading, and RAID5 and cryptography accelerators
1061:(DSP) instructions. The cores are designed to be low-power but high performance and the 464-H90 is expected to draw only 0.53 W at 1 GHz. The 460 core adheres to
686:
also offers a fully synthesizable core. IBM has announced plans to make the specifications of the PowerPC 405 core freely available to the academic and research community.
1300:
1118:
I/O interfaces and accelerators like TCP/IP offloading and a cryptography accelerator with non-volatile storage for crypto keys and secure boot and tampering detection.
1634:
1644:
1639:
421:
585:(FPU), for instance. The core was offered for custom chips and in pre packaged versions, including versions with MMU, speeds ranging from 20 to 80 MHz.
689:
PowerPC-405-based applications include digital cameras, modems, set-top boxes (IBM's STB04xxx processors), cellphones, GPS-devices, printers, fax machines,
1389:
847:(FPU) but it has an associated four-stage FPU that can be included using the APU (Auxiliary Processing Unit) interface. The 440 core adheres to the
1273:
1232:
756:
terminals and set-top-boxes. The V-Dragon processor includes the
Multilingual Character Generation Engine (MCGE) that processes and generates
678:, an Auxiliary Processing Unit (APU) interface for expandability and supports clock rates exceeding 400 MHz. The 405 core adheres to the
1542:
1008:. It is designed for highly sensitive and mission critical systems such as military applications. It has provisions to prevent tampering and
843:, a seven-stage out-of-order dual-issue pipeline, supporting speeds of up to 800 MHz and L2 caches up to 256 KB. The core lacks a
414:
1069:
PowerPC 460S – a completely synthesized core and can be licensed from IBM or
Synopsys for manufacturing on different
1076:
PowerPC 464-H90 – a 90 nm, hard core (not synthesizable), released in 2006, will offer a customizable core for
1506:
1364:
1126:
based cryptography accelerator named SLIMpro running at 250 MHz that allows secure booting from ROM and tempering detection.
1077:
935:
memory interface with routing to other nodes in supercomputer clusters. The SeaStar device provides a 6.4 GB/s connection to the
471:
1488:
565:
processors. It was the first one targeted strictly to the embedded market. Compared to the other PowerPC processors of the era (
407:
869:
Honeywell HX5000 rad hard process at 150 nm. The BRE440 runs at clock speeds ranging from tens of MHz up to 150 MHz.
1297:
1244:
369:
1556:"IBM News room - 2009-09-15 IBM Announces Highest Performance Embedded Processor for System-on-Chip Designs - United States"
1489:"IBM News room - 2007-06-26 IBM Triples Performance of World's Fastest, Most Energy-Efficient Supercomputer - United States"
1460:
614:
acquired the design of 403 from IBM in 2004, but have chosen not to market it, instead focusing on the 405 and 440 cores.
1443:
1286:
1216:
1029:
supercomputer is designed and manufactured by IBM. It is very similar to the PowerPC 440 but few details are disclosed.
1589:
1419:
809:
682:
using the Book III-E specification. Both AMCC and IBM are developing and marketing processors using 405 cores. IBM and
611:
489:
379:
354:
1576:"New Axxia Communication Processor From LSI Features Asymmetric Multicore Architecture and Breakthrough Performance"
1664:
854:
Xilinx currently incorporates one or two cores (depending on the member of the family) into the Virtex-5 FXT FPGA.
1475:"CPU Tech Launches Acalis(R) CPU872 MultiCore PowerPC(R) with Embedded DRAM and Tamper Protection - Business Wire"
1679:
497:
1110:
APM82181 – a 0.8–1 GHz 464-based SoC designed for storage devices. DDR2-controller, 256 KB
1674:
1171:
ChinaChip CC2000 – a 476FP-core-based processor with integrated DSP and GPU for game consoles
1143:
and implemented in the PowerPC 476FP in 2009. The 476FP core has 32/32 kB L1 cache, dual integer units and a
745:
475:
1397:
1669:
1649:
459:
1073:. 460S can be configured with different amounts of L1 and L2 cache as well as with or without SMP and FPU.
666:
The PowerPC 405 was released in 1998 and was designed for price or performance sensitive low-end embedded
1111:
1103:
792:
1530:
1168:
C*Core C1000 – a family of 476FP-core-based embedded processors for consumer electronics
693:, network switches, storage devices and service processors for servers. Up to two 405 cores are used in
1390:"AppliedMicro APM801xx Energy-Efficient Processor Family Targets 1-Watt Video-Enabled Consumer Devices"
374:
1346:
1157:
1058:
788:
108:
1053:
Introduced in 2006, the 460 cores are similar to the 440 but reach 1.4 GHz, are developed with
931:
supercomputers, where its SeaStar, SeaStar2 and SeaStar2+ communication processors closely couples
1152:
880:
is a custom supercomputer built to solve small but extremely computationally demanding problems in
1087:
PowerPC 464FP-H90 – released in 2007, is a hard core that adds a double precision
1044:
in total. IBM is claiming very power efficient design compared to other supercomputer processors.
1054:
961:
857:
Both AMCC and IBM are developing and marketing stand alone processors using 440 cores. IBM and
578:
22:
884:. It uses custom 440-based ASICs to obtain a peak performance of approximately 10 TFLOPS.
635:
1620:
1611:
1332:
1317:
1070:
640:
493:
787:
processor contains an embedded on-chip power and thermal management microcontroller, called
1492:
993:
344:
287:
280:
1474:
8:
1148:
1088:
1009:
844:
670:(SoC) designs. It has a five-stage pipeline, separate 16 KB instruction and data L1
582:
1555:
1510:
1368:
824:
Introduced in 1999, the PowerPC 440 was the first PowerPC core from IBM to include the
771:
has a series of system on a chip products based on PowerPC 405 core, under a new name:
1136:
1062:
848:
679:
1287:
http://www.hifn.com/uploadedFiles/Company/News_and_Events/Press_Releases/20040105.pdf
832:
bus technology designed to be the interface between the parts inside a PowerPC based
757:
706:
574:
570:
566:
321:
304:
273:
1177:
728:
Later versions of the PlayStation 2 slim used a PowerPC 405 chip emulating the MIPS
1180: – SoC for aircraft onboard video and multimedia processing systems
1040:
processor consists of four PowerPC 450 cores running at 850 MHz reaching 13.6
833:
667:
463:
316:
1252:
1304:
1220:
1140:
1080:
that can be manufactured with IBM or at manufacturing facilities at Chartered or
989:
881:
467:
442:
1245:"IBM's PowerPC 405 Core Available for Qualified Academic and Research Community"
1274:"STB043xx - STB045xx Set-Top Box Integrated Controllers - IBM Microelectronics"
932:
839:
It is a high-performance core with separate 32 KB instruction and data L1
601:
448:
1658:
1213:
1123:
900:
722:
496:
services around the cores. Several cores are also available for licensing by
483:
462:. The cores are designed to fit inside specialized applications ranging from
359:
73:
68:
1012:
and is manufactured at IBM's highly secure Trusted Foundry. It has embedded
791:(OCC). Based on a PowerPC 405 processor with 512 KB of dedicated
768:
690:
349:
63:
58:
53:
48:
1330:
Halfhill, Tom R. (11 November 2002). "IBM PowerPC 405EP Expands Family".
1195:
829:
675:
659:
593:
589:
479:
230:
206:
193:
182:
1609:
Halfhill, Tom R. (25 October 1999). "IBM PowerPC 440 Hits 1,000 MIPS".
1174:
957:
907:
supercomputers around the world, with a peak performance of nearly 500
311:
199:
1618:
Halfhill, Tom R. (21 July 2000). "PowerPC 440GP: Great Communicator".
1315:
Halfhill, Tom R. (12 July 1999). "PowerPC 405GP Has CoreConnect Bus".
804:
1190:
1041:
1037:
1026:
1004:
The Acalis CPU872 is a highly specialized Security SoC chip built by
908:
897:
840:
671:
624:
456:
364:
30:
928:
924:
920:
858:
683:
501:
253:
1081:
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562:
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384:
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90:
26:
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439:
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154:
149:
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136:
129:
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115:
903:, which until June 2008 ranked number one on the list of the
877:
828:
extension to the PowerPC specification. It also included the
753:
729:
85:
996:
controller chips, including the widely used SAS2008 variant.
1144:
1013:
973:
813:
702:
698:
605:
597:
445:
327:
1543:
Applied Micro adds ARM core in cut down security processor
1560:
893:
561:
Introduced in 1994, the PowerPC 403 was one of the first
1135:
The 470 embedded and customizable core, adhering to the
1005:
732:
that was used as the I/O processor in earlier models.
588:
The PowerPC 403 is used in, among other appliances,
892:Dual 440 cores are used in the processors powering
1656:
1298:PPC405-S Embedded Processor Core User’s Manual
1139:Book III-E, was designed by IBM together with
1417:
992:uses the PowerPC 440 core in a number of its
415:
1057:applications in mind and have 24 additional
748:company Culturecom uses a 405 core for its
662:powered by a 252 MHz PowerPC 405 based SoC.
422:
408:
577:), it was at the very low end, lacking a
803:
645:
634:
472:application-specific integrated circuits
1657:
1590:"China IP provider plans Power family"
1507:"IBM PowerPC 460 Microprocessor Cores"
1420:"OCC Firmware Code is Now Open Source"
861:also offers fully synthesized cores.
795:(SRAM), OCC monitors the entire chip.
38:NXP (formerly Freescale and Motorola)
1065:using the Book III-E specification.
851:using the Book III-E specification.
1578:. LSI Corporation. 9 February 2010.
608:used a 54 MHz PowerPC 403GCX.
13:
1603:
1444:"PowerPC 460EX Embedded Processor"
490:Applied Micro Circuits Corporation
14:
1691:
1628:
919:The 440 core is also used in the
812:PowerPC 440SPe processor from a
1582:
1568:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1499:
1481:
1477:(Press release). 28 April 2008.
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1453:
1436:
1411:
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1357:
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1324:
1309:
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1280:
1266:
1237:
1226:
1207:
1130:
1048:
1020:
799:
630:
617:
556:
476:field-programmable gate arrays
1:
1531:ARM CPU Secures APM Processor
1201:
460:instruction set architectures
1418:Todd Rosedahl (2014-12-20).
7:
1184:
1025:The processing core of the
697:Virtex-II Pro and Virtex-4
507:
10:
1696:
1233:401 based Set-top box, IBM
720:
1394:Embedded Computing Design
1214:The PowerPC Goes Consumer
1147:capable double precision
1059:digital signal processing
960:designed the now defunct
780:POWER8 on-chip controller
16:Family of processor cores
1461:"SAS2008 I/O Controller"
604:and printers. The first
45:PowerPC e series (2006)
1665:PowerPC microprocessors
1424:openpowerfoundation.org
752:processor which powers
1680:32-bit microprocessors
821:
663:
643:
579:memory management unit
482:, storage devices and
470:, network appliances,
178:PowerPC series (1992)
1675:Power microprocessors
1650:AMCC PowerPC 400 page
1621:Microprocessor Report
1612:Microprocessor Report
1333:Microprocessor Report
1318:Microprocessor Report
807:
709:that uses 405 cores.
705:bought IBM's PowerNP
649:
641:Sun StorageTek SL8500
638:
1645:IBM PowerPC 460 core
1640:IBM PowerPC 440 core
972:In its Virtex-5 FXT
760:directly in the CPU.
438:family is a line of
345:OpenPOWER Foundation
1670:IBM microprocessors
1089:floating point unit
1010:reverse engineering
865:BRE440 Rad Hard SOC
845:floating point unit
639:PowerPC 405GP in a
583:floating point unit
1303:2012-03-01 at the
1219:2006-05-26 at the
822:
789:on-chip controller
758:Chinese characters
707:network processors
664:
644:
398:historic in italic
226:RAD series (1997)
82:Qor series (2008)
1533:– The Liney Group
1223:, BYTE, Sept 1996
816:card in an Apple
554:
553:
432:
431:
394:Cancelled in gray
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1598:
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1566:
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1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1509:. Archived from
1503:
1497:
1496:
1495:on May 30, 2012.
1491:. Archived from
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1450:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1433:
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1415:
1409:
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1406:
1405:
1396:. Archived from
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1367:. Archived from
1361:
1355:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1251:. Archived from
1241:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1211:
1160:configurations.
1063:Power ISA v.2.03
849:Power ISA v.2.03
834:system-on-a-chip
741:
740:
717:
716:
680:Power ISA v.2.03
668:system-on-a-chip
602:network switches
518:Pipeline stages
512:
511:
468:microcontrollers
464:system-on-a-chip
424:
417:
410:
395:
307:
19:
18:
1695:
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1604:Further reading
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1305:Wayback Machine
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1221:Wayback Machine
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1208:
1204:
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1137:Power ISA v2.05
1133:
1098:
1051:
1023:
882:quantum physics
802:
738:
737:
725:
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713:
676:CoreConnect bus
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449:processor cores
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1629:External links
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721:Main article:
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1513:on 2015-05-30
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1400:on 2010-05-25
1399:
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1371:on 2007-09-30
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1348:
1347:"IOP/Deckard"
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1151:that handles
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1124:ARM Cortex-M3
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1001:Acalis CPU872
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1427:. Retrieved
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1402:. Retrieved
1398:the original
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1373:. Retrieved
1369:the original
1365:"Culturecom"
1359:
1351:PS2 Dev Wiki
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1257:. Retrieved
1253:the original
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1134:
1096:AppliedMicro
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1024:
969:Virtex-5 FXT
856:
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769:AppliedMicro
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656:Dilog DT 550
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590:thin clients
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547:PowerPC 470
539:PowerPC 440
531:PowerPC 405
523:PowerPC 401
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350:AIM alliance
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1196:CoreConnect
1131:PowerPC 470
1049:PowerPC 460
1038:Blue Gene/P
1033:Blue Gene/P
1027:Blue Gene/P
1021:PowerPC 450
898:Blue Gene/L
889:Blue Gene/L
830:CoreConnect
800:PowerPC 440
660:set top box
631:PowerPC 405
618:PowerPC 401
575:PowerPC 604
571:PowerPC 603
567:PowerPC 601
557:PowerPC 403
478:(FPGAs) to
436:PowerPC 400
1659:Categories
1517:2008-11-16
1429:2014-12-27
1404:2010-08-16
1375:2007-09-27
1259:2006-11-14
1202:References
1178:1888TKh018
1175:NTC Module
1055:multi-core
962:Titan core
958:Intrinsity
808:A 533 MHz
793:static RAM
701:. In 2004
312:PWRficient
1545:– EETimes
1249:Power.org
1191:Power.org
1071:foundries
1042:gigaflops
949:Ethernet.
909:teraFLOPS
581:(MMU) or
457:Power ISA
365:Power.org
360:Blue Gene
31:Power ISA
1635:405 core
1301:Archived
1217:Archived
1185:See also
1107:process.
1006:CPU Tech
945:AMCC 460
921:Cray XT3
911:in 2008.
859:Synopsys
773:APM801xx
765:APM801xx
750:V-Dragon
739:V-Dragon
684:Synopsys
652:STB04500
508:Variants
502:Synopsys
443:embedded
288:Espresso
281:Broadway
1594:EETimes
1165:engines
1082:Samsung
986:LSI SAS
981:PPC405.
937:Opteron
916:SeaStar
905:top 500
746:Chinese
563:PowerPC
494:foundry
453:PowerPC
385:AltiVec
242:RAD5500
231:RAD6000
215:(2010)
170:Power10
91:Qorivva
27:PowerPC
1091:(FPU).
978:Xilinx
940:nodes.
841:caches
826:Book E
818:Xserve
785:POWER8
730:R3000A
695:Xilinx
672:caches
625:caches
466:(SoC)
440:32-bit
258:(1996)
256:series
237:RAD750
165:POWER9
160:POWER8
155:POWER7
150:POWER6
144:POWER5
137:POWER4
130:POWER3
123:POWER2
116:POWER1
29:, and
1447:(PDF)
1078:ASICs
954:Titan
878:QCDOC
874:QCDOC
754:Linux
699:FPGAs
654:in a
515:Name
322:Xenon
306:Titan
297:Other
274:Gekko
109:Power
86:QorIQ
74:e6500
69:e5500
23:POWER
1145:SIMD
1112:SRAM
1104:SRAM
1036:The
1014:DRAM
974:FPGA
927:and
814:RAID
810:AMCC
783:The
744:The
703:Hifn
674:, a
658:. A
650:IBM
612:AMCC
606:TiVo
598:RAID
573:and
498:OEMs
446:RISC
434:The
380:CHRP
375:PReP
370:PAPR
355:RISC
328:X704
317:Cell
254:RS64
200:74xx
64:e600
59:e500
54:e300
49:e200
1561:IBM
1158:SMP
1153:DSP
1149:FPU
1141:LSI
994:SAS
990:LSI
929:XT5
925:XT4
896:'s
894:IBM
455:or
221:A2O
218:A2I
207:970
194:7xx
189:4xx
183:6xx
101:IBM
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