130:
122:
482:
40:
508:
631:
276:
580:
623:
341:(baking soda) and vegetable or mineral oils in water are often recommended for controlling powdery mildew, but such mixtures have limited and inconsistent efficacy. While sodium bicarbonate has been shown to reduce to growth of mildews in lab tests, sprays containing only baking soda and water are not effective in controlling fungal diseases on infected plants, and high concentrations of sodium are harmful to plants.
114:
167:
infections of wheat and barley species, as compared to sexual reproduction. Yet sexual reproduction results in durable and resistant overwintering spores, produced in chasmothecia. These spores are dark (to protect against UV irradiation), round and thick-walled (to protect against freezing rupture), giving them the ability to survive throughout the winter. They will germinate in the spring for new infection.
89:. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as the signs of the causal pathogen are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. This mycelial layer may quickly spread to cover all of the leaves. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the
728:
various cucurbit plants concluded that "race identification is important for basic research and is especially important for the commercial seed industry, which requires accuracy in declaring the type and level of resistance ... in its products". However, identifying specific races was seen as having
297:
has long been popular with home gardeners and small-scale organic growers as a treatment for powdery mildew. Milk is diluted with water (typically 1:10) and sprayed on susceptible plants at the first sign of infection, or as a preventative measure, with repeated weekly application often controlling
283:
Metal salt fungicides should be applied on a regular basis up until harvest of the host. Sulfur must be applied before the disease has emerged since it prevents fungi spores from germinating. Copper sulfate is an effective fungicide allowed in organic farming, but can cause harm to the host plant.
684:
of the fungus, identified simply as race 1, race 2, etc. (seven in total by 2004), for races found around the world, and race N1 through N4 for some divergent races native to Japan. Various subraces have been identified, and given names such as race 2U.S., race 3.5, and race 4.5. A new race S was
166:
mature and are released to initiate new infections. Conditions necessary for spore maturation differ among species. In asexual reproduction, the mother fungi and offspring are genetically identical. Asexual reproduction is the predominant form of reproduction and dispersal in powdery mildew
229:
are an effective way to manage powdery mildew disease on plants. Spray programs of conventional fungicides are advised to begin when powdery mildew symptoms and signs are first noticed. Conventional fungicides should be applied on a regular basis for best results against the disease.
104:
and moderate temperatures; greenhouses provide an ideal moist, temperate environment for the spread of the disease. This causes harm to agricultural and horticultural practices where powdery mildew may thrive in a greenhouse setting. In an agricultural or horticultural setting, the
154:
in which genetic recombination takes place. Ascocarps including chasmothecia, apothecia, perithecia, and pseudothecia, are the fruiting bodies unique to fungi in the
Ascomycota phylum (known as ascomycetes). Within each ascocarp are several
109:
can be controlled using chemical methods, bio-organic methods, and genetic resistance. It is important to be aware of powdery mildew and its management strategies as the resulting disease can significantly reduce important crop yields.
1645:
1739:
Wang, Yanpeng; Cheng, Xi; Shan, Qiwei; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Jinxing; Gao, Caixia; Qiu, Jin-Long (2014). "Simultaneous editing of three homoeoalleles in hexaploid bread wheat confers heritable resistance to powdery mildew".
290:
effectively manages powdery mildew on many plants by interfering with the fungus' metabolism and terminating spore production. Sulfur and Fish Oil + Sesame Oil is a mixture effective against powdery mildew.
214:
In an agricultural setting, the pathogen can be controlled using chemical methods, genetic resistance, and careful farming methods. Some cultivated plants have varieties resistant to powdery mildew.
1692:
BĂ©langer, R. R.; Benhamou, Nicole; Menzies, J. G. (2003). "Cytological
Evidence of an Active Role of Silicon in Wheat Resistance to Powdery Mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici )".
1642:
257:
Some unconventional chemical control methods offer alternative modes of action. The most effective non-conventional methods of chemical control against powdery mildew are milk, natural
1465:"Compost Tea and Milk to Suppress Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) on Pumpkins and Evaluation of Horticultural Pots Made from Recyclable Fibers Under Field Conditions"
1032:
Keinath, Anthony P.; DuBose, Virginia B. (2012-12-01). "Controlling powdery mildew on cucurbit rootstock seedlings in the greenhouse with fungicides and biofungicides".
1805:
907:
901:
1002:
2143:
2228:
856:
796:
1377:
926:
2089:
178:(MMR) is an enzymatic system for recognizing and repairing erroneous base insertions, deletions, and mis-incorporations in DNA that can arise during
143:
217:
Powdery mildew growth can be limited by reducing humidity, such as by allowing space between plants for airflow, and pruning to thin foliage.
190:. Four closely related species of plant parasites from the powdery mildew genera were found to have lost between 5 and 21 of the 48 to 52 MMR
2320:
1092:
1187:
Hacquard, Stéphane; Kracher, Barbara; Maekawa, Takaki; Vernaldi, Saskia; Schulze-Lefert, Paul; Themaat, Emiel Ver Loren van (2013-06-11).
1908:), the Causal Agent of Powdery Mildew in Curcubits: Factors Affecting Race Identification and the Importance for Research and Commerce".
93:
can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual
1140:
Zhu, M.; et al. (2017). "Very-long-chain aldehydes induce appressorium formation in ascospores of the wheat powdery mildew fungus
1067:
959:
of powdery mildews (especially in high-value crops such as grapes) has been ongoing since the 1970s, resulting in the development of
202:. These elevated mutation rates suggest that a lack of genes essential for accurate DNA replication can cause an increased rate of
1264:
Iyer, Ravi R.; Pluciennik, Anna; Burdett, Vickers; Modrich, Paul L. (2006-02-01). "DNA Mismatch Repair: Functions and
Mechanisms".
298:
or eliminating the disease. Studies have shown milk's effectiveness as comparable to some conventional fungicides, and better than
955:
fungus that is a hyperparasite of powdery mildews. This parasitism reduces growth and may eventually kill the mildew. Research on
1626:
1189:"Mosaic genome structure of the barley powdery mildew pathogen and conservation of transcriptional programs in divergent hosts"
1998:
PĂ©rez-GarcĂa, A.; Romero, D.; Fernández-Ortuño, D.; LĂłpez-Ruiz, F.; De
Vicente, A.; Torés Montosa, Juan Antonio (March 2009).
1354:. VII International Symposium on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics. ISHS Acta Horticulturae. Vol. 696.
2287:
1788:
1594:
1814:
1464:
713:
in successive generations, and how this may affect other recessive and codominant genes for resistance to other races of
2174:
1671:
Ecofruit: 12th
International Conference on Cultivation Technique and Phytopathological Problems in Organic Fruit-growing
1595:"Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide - Publication Summary - ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service"
2151:
386:
The Pm3 allele is an effective genetic resistance strategy that protects host species against powdery mildew fungus.
198:
genomes. The powdery mildew species with higher levels of MMR gene loss exhibited elevated rates of various types of
2235:
1107:
Wicker, Thomas; Oberhaensli, Simone; Parlange, Francis; Buchmann, Jan P.; Shatalina, Margarita; et al. (2013).
187:
17:
1409:
1719:
1565:
1298:"Examination of Gene Loss in the DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway and Its Mutational Consequences in a Fungal Phylum"
1385:
81:
disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of
1872:
894:
2097:
2190:
1844:
416:
129:
121:
1250:
1489:
Bettiol, Wagner (September 1999). "Effectiveness of cow's milk against zucchini squash powdery mildew (
159:
that contain ascospores. Powdery mildew fungi must be adapted to their host for successful infection.
1804:
Bennett, J. Michael; Rhetoric, Emeritus; Hicks, Dale R.; Naeve, Seth L.; Bennett, Nancy Bush (2014).
183:
2186:
1100:
559:
470:
445:
2214:
1768:
947:
750:
701:
of plants for phytopathological resistance to particular fungal races involves a great deal of
649:
1003:"Lo chiamano il "mal bianco" ed è una malattia delle piante: come riconoscerla e combatterla"
913:
873:
823:
is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on tree leaves. This fungus attacks the leaves of the
779:
344:
269:
1957:
2325:
1917:
1720:"Combination of resistance genes offers better protection for wheat against powdery mildew"
1502:
1439:
1200:
1153:
1041:
956:
495:
142:
Powdery mildew fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction occurs via
1075:
662:(cantaloup and muskmelon) production has been engaged in a biological "arms race" against
436:
differ from the other pathogen symptoms. Green-yellow spots appear on upper leaf surface.
8:
2259:
2194:
1663:
1351:
Chemical control of
Powdery Mildew of Apple in warmer climates of Himachal Pradesh, India
672:
639:
422:
331:
175:
39:
1921:
1506:
1204:
1157:
1045:
634:
Section of leaf of cucumber showing powdery mildew infection, photo taken with
Foldscope
2032:
1999:
1933:
1322:
1297:
1223:
1188:
766:
698:
538:
428:
338:
1664:"Efficacy of Armicarb (potassium bicarbonate) against scab and sooty blotch on apples"
1623:
1514:
653:
was formerly reported to be the primary causal organism throughout most of the world.
2293:
2283:
2037:
2023:
1784:
1327:
1228:
1169:
819:
756:
721:
451:
334:
when exposed to sunlight, and contact with these radicals is damaging to the fungus.
2282:. CBS Biodiversity Series. Vol. 11. Utrecht: CBS-KNAW Fungal Diversity Centre.
1958:"Inheritance of Resistance in Melon PI 313970 to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Incited by
1937:
1359:
1296:
Phillips, Megan A; Steenwyk, Jacob L; Shen, Xing-Xing; Rokas, Antonis (2021-10-01).
1109:"The wheat powdery mildew genome shows the unique evolution of an obligate biotroph"
764:. Cucumbers in greenhouse environments have also been reported to be susceptible to
481:
2027:
2019:
1973:
1925:
1776:
1749:
1701:
1534:
1510:
1355:
1317:
1309:
1273:
1218:
1208:
1161:
1120:
1049:
825:
706:
516:
359:
203:
2056:
1602:
306:
at higher concentrations. Milk has proven effective in treating powdery mildew of
1649:
1630:
1165:
1053:
930:
358:
Another non-conventional chemical treatment involves treating with a solution of
179:
1705:
1566:"Miracle, myth...or marketing? Baking soda: will fungi fail and roses rejoice?"
1349:
981:
681:
600:
147:
1977:
1780:
733:
for choosing specific cultivars, because of the rapidity with which the local
2314:
2297:
1900:
Cohen, R.; Burger, Y.; Katzir, N. (2004). "Monitoring
Physiological races of
940:
843:
834:
830:
592:
371:
323:
307:
238:
1997:
1813:. St Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension. p. 85. Archived from
1662:
Tamm, Lucius; Amsler, Thomas; Schaerer, Hansjakob; Refardt, Mathias (2006).
1213:
2041:
1539:
1331:
1232:
1173:
935:
861:
741:
730:
694:
658:
279:
Powdery mildew on a maple leaf as seen under a scanning electron microscope
246:
242:
97:
are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant.
45:
2057:"Species and Races Composition of Powerdy Mildew on Cucurbits in Bulgaria"
1313:
507:
362:. Silicon helps the plant cells defend against fungal attack by degrading
976:
879:
806:
322:. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but one known effect is that
234:
86:
58:
1929:
801:
616:
352:
195:
163:
82:
1767:
Harveson, R.M.; Markell, S.G.; Block, C.C.; Gulya, T.J., eds. (2016).
1277:
744:
fungi can cause powdery mildew in cucurbits: The most frequent, after
1753:
960:
737:
population can change geographically, seasonally, and by host plant.
547:
393:
bread wheat to powdery mildew via targeted mutations with the use of
390:
363:
348:
303:
226:
1125:
1108:
2118:
952:
754:, the former primary causal organism throughout most of the world.
734:
725:
702:
677:
630:
596:
311:
287:
275:
199:
151:
106:
101:
1106:
838:
680:
of melons being developed for resistance to successively arising
622:
604:
579:
490:
367:
299:
1873:"Watermelon Breeding (by year, then author) - Cucurbit Breeding"
626:
Spores of powdery mildew on cucumber leaf seen through
Foldscope
113:
588:
455:
398:
394:
315:
258:
90:
78:
1186:
414:
Sunflower powdery mildew is a disease caused by the pathogens
847:(also known as the Japanese maple or smooth Japanese maple).
784:
612:
608:
564:
525:
462:
375:
156:
94:
1263:
1093:"Sexual reproduction only second choice for powdery mildew"
568:
327:
319:
294:
191:
1803:
1766:
1661:
1295:
705:; this PI 313970 versus race S case involved multi-stage
2229:"Regulatory information: Ampelomyces quisqualis – AQ 10"
1691:
697:
to increase resistance in other cultivars. Such modern
1895:
1893:
1775:. American Phytopathological Society. pp. 20–22.
2280:
2144:"Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook"
2119:"Sawadaea tulasnei - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life"
1956:
McCreight, James D.; Coffey, Michael D. (June 2011).
1447:
Disease Management Strategies for Horticultural Crops
1133:
133:
Powdery mildew growing on a leaf (high magnification)
647:) is the most commonly reported cause on cucurbits.
252:
100:
Powdery mildew grows well in environments with high
1991:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1890:
685:
discovered in 2003, and a specific melon cultivar (
1738:
693:'PI 313970') found resistant to it, then used for
1899:
1410:"Powdery Mildew: Symptoms, Treatment and Control"
760:is another, sometimes considered synonymous with
2312:
1944:
1797:
1624:Powdery Mildew – Sustainable Gardening Australia
220:
2208:
1955:
1193:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
536:The fungus causing powdery mildew of onions is
2048:
1291:
1289:
1287:
2054:
1031:
783:is a fungus that can cause powdery mildew in
374:. With silicon treatment, epidermal cells of
186:. This system can also repair some forms of
44:Example of powdery mildew (right) along with
125:Powdery mildew growing on a leaf (magnified)
117:Powdery mildew on a recently infected plant.
2263:in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
2183:Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks
1284:
1244:
1242:
1027:
1025:
1023:
895:List of hemp diseases § Powdery mildew
2166:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1773:Compendium of Sunflower Diseases and Pests
1343:
1341:
860:is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on
38:
2277:
2055:Velkov, Nikolay; Masheva, Stoika (2002).
2031:
1867:
1865:
1769:"Part I: Biotic Diseases §Powdery Mildew"
1563:
1321:
1222:
1212:
1124:
1000:
2226:
1845:"Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits fact sheet"
1528:
1526:
1524:
1484:
1482:
1458:
1456:
1239:
1020:
629:
621:
578:
506:
480:
378:are less susceptible to powdery mildew.
274:
128:
120:
112:
1832:
1488:
1347:
1338:
14:
2313:
1862:
1573:Puyallup Research and Extension Center
1559:
1557:
284:Addition of lime hampers this effect.
2172:
1521:
1479:
1453:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1404:
1402:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1251:"Powdery Mildew in the Flower Garden"
1248:
381:
2064:Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report
1643:Organic Fruit Production in Michigan
1087:
1085:
1060:
724:regarding powdery mildew races that
404:
2321:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
2090:"Problem: Powdery Mildew of Lilac (
1849:Vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu
1554:
1462:
1139:
553:
389:In 2014, resistance was induced in
24:
2270:
2008:), a constant threat to cucurbits"
1532:
1426:
1399:
1366:
899:Caused by several fungi including
800:is the cause of powdery mildew in
542:(also known by its anamorph name,
206:and evolutionary diversification.
25:
2337:
2306:
1535:"A Dairy Solution to Mildew Woes"
1082:
920:
253:Non-conventional chemical control
2278:Braun, U.; Cook, R.T.A. (2012).
2173:Ocamb, Cynthia M. (2015-09-11).
2024:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00527.x
1807:The Minnesota Soybean Field Book
485:Powdery mildew on soybean leaves
2252:
2220:
2185:. Pacific Northwest Extension (
2136:
2111:
2082:
1760:
1732:
1712:
1685:
1655:
1636:
1617:
1587:
1360:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.696.61
1099:. July 14, 2013. Archived from
1001:Ciliberto, Giada (2024-03-31).
850:
790:
709:to propagate a recessive gene,
194:that are present in most other
137:
1257:
1180:
994:
867:
813:
57:Species of fungi in the order
13:
1:
1575:. Washington State University
1515:10.1016/s0261-2194(99)00046-0
1493:) in greenhouse conditions".
987:
409:
347:is an effective low-toxicity
221:Conventional chemical control
209:
170:
1302:Genome Biology and Evolution
1166:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.003
1054:10.1016/j.cropro.2012.06.009
933:fungi, species of the genus
717:"remains to be determined".
591:can cause powdery mildew of
7:
2000:"The powdery mildew fungus
1706:10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.4.402
1467:. University of Connecticut
970:
886:
583:Powdery mildew of cucurbits
574:
524:) causes powdery mildew of
461:, causes powdery mildew of
417:Golovinomyces cichoracearum
351:against powdery mildew and
241:. It is also possible with
10:
2342:
2217:, retrieved December 2015.
1440:"Using Organic Fungicides"
1072:Small Grain Wheat Diseases
967:as the active ingredient.
892:
476:
443:
439:
272:, metal salts, and oils.
162:Under optimal conditions,
2012:Molecular Plant Pathology
1978:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.6.838
1781:10.1094/9780890545096.002
1669:. In Boos, Markus (ed.).
1348:Gupta, D.; Sharma, J.NL.
877:causes powdery mildew on
773:
563:causes powdery mildew of
531:
502:
432:. The symptoms caused by
401:gene-editing technology.
337:Dilute sprays containing
233:Control is possible with
64:
53:
37:
32:
804:and other Rosaceae like
471:powdery mildew of barley
1214:10.1073/pnas.1306807110
902:Golovinomyces ambrosiae
670:) caused by the fungus
664:cucurbit powdery mildew
656:Since 1925, commercial
560:Podosphaera leucotricha
546:). It also infects the
511:Powdery mildew of grape
446:Powdery mildew (barley)
2227:Franceschini, Sergio.
1906:Sphaerotheca fuliginea
1564:Chalker-Scott, Linda.
1491:Sphaerotheca fuliginea
948:Ampelomyces quisqualis
751:Erysiphe cichoracearum
650:Erysiphe cichoracearum
645:Sphaerotheca fuliginea
635:
627:
584:
512:
486:
280:
134:
126:
118:
2092:Microsphaera syringae
1540:Science News Magazine
1378:"Measure for Control"
1249:Grabowski, Michelle.
914:Podosphaera macularis
893:Further information:
874:Golovinomyces orontii
780:Microsphaera syringae
740:At least three other
633:
625:
582:
510:
484:
444:Further information:
345:Potassium bicarbonate
278:
270:potassium bicarbonate
132:
124:
116:
2123:Encyclopedia of Life
1877:Cucurbitbreeding.com
1820:on 30 September 2013
1742:Nature Biotechnology
883:(rockcress) leaves.
587:Multiple species of
496:Microsphaera diffusa
27:Fungal plant disease
2006:Podosphaera xanthii
1960:Podosphaera xanthii
1922:2004Phyto..32..174C
1902:Podosphaera xanthii
1507:1999CrPro..18..489B
1314:10.1093/gbe/evab219
1205:2013PNAS..110E2219H
1158:2017FunB..121..716Z
1046:2012CrPro..42..338K
943:of powdery mildew.
857:Erysiphe berberidis
810:(the water avens).
797:Podosphaera aphanis
673:Podosphaera xanthii
640:Podosphaera xanthii
423:Podosphaera xanthii
249:, and penconazole.
176:DNA mismatch repair
85:fungi in the order
1930:10.1007/BF02979784
1648:2012-02-16 at the
1629:2016-03-03 at the
1463:DeBacco, Matthew.
1438:Beckerman, Janna.
1376:Petterson, James.
957:biological control
829:(Norway maple) in
767:Leveillula taurica
729:little utility in
699:selective breeding
636:
628:
585:
539:Leveillula taurica
513:
493:, are affected by
487:
429:Leveillula taurica
382:Genetic resistance
339:sodium bicarbonate
330:, produces oxygen
281:
204:sequence evolution
135:
127:
119:
2289:978-90-70351-89-2
2179:)-Powdery Mildew"
2002:Podosphaera fusca
1790:978-0-89054-509-6
1382:Projects.ncsu.edu
1278:10.1021/cr0404794
1142:Blumeria graminis
820:Sawadaea tulasnei
757:Podosphaera fusca
722:literature review
544:Oidiopsis taurica
489:Legumes, such as
465:, whereas f. sp.
452:Blumeria graminis
405:In specific crops
366:and by producing
72:
71:
16:(Redirected from
2333:
2301:
2264:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2234:. Archived from
2233:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2150:. Archived from
2148:Pnwhandbooks.org
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2096:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2061:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2035:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1910:Phythoparasitica
1897:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1841:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1754:10.1038/nbt.2969
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1673:. pp. 87–92
1668:
1659:
1653:
1640:
1634:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1601:. Archived from
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1530:
1519:
1518:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1384:. Archived from
1373:
1364:
1363:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1266:Chemical Reviews
1261:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1199:(24): E2219–28.
1184:
1178:
1177:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1119:(9): 1092–1096.
1104:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1074:. Archived from
1068:"Powdery Mildew"
1064:
1058:
1057:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1007:retididedalus.it
998:
927:Sphaeropsidaceae
826:Acer platanoides
703:genetic research
554:Apples and pears
522:Uncinula necator
517:Erysiphe necator
360:calcium silicate
267:
42:
30:
29:
21:
18:Powdery (mildew)
2341:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2290:
2273:
2271:Further reading
2268:
2267:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2215:faculty.ucr.edu
2213:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2177:Cannabis sativa
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2059:
2053:
2049:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1954:
1945:
1898:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1765:
1761:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1650:Wayback Machine
1641:
1637:
1631:Wayback Machine
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1533:Raloff, Janet.
1531:
1522:
1495:Crop Protection
1487:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1442:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1374:
1367:
1346:
1339:
1294:
1285:
1262:
1258:
1247:
1240:
1185:
1181:
1138:
1134:
1126:10.1038/ng.2704
1113:Nature Genetics
1105:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1034:Crop Protection
1030:
1021:
1012:
1010:
999:
995:
990:
973:
931:Sphaeropsidales
923:
897:
891:
870:
853:
816:
793:
776:
577:
556:
534:
505:
479:
448:
442:
412:
407:
384:
326:, a protein in
266:
262:
255:
223:
212:
180:DNA replication
173:
140:
49:
48:on a grape leaf
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2339:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2308:
2307:External links
2305:
2303:
2302:
2288:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2260:Powdery mildew
2251:
2219:
2207:
2165:
2135:
2110:
2081:
2047:
2018:(2): 153–160.
1990:
1972:(6): 838–840.
1943:
1916:(2): 174–183.
1889:
1861:
1831:
1796:
1789:
1759:
1748:(9): 947–951.
1731:
1711:
1700:(4): 402–412.
1694:Phytopathology
1684:
1654:
1635:
1616:
1599:Attra.ncat.org
1586:
1553:
1520:
1501:(8): 489–492.
1478:
1452:
1425:
1414:Planet Natural
1398:
1365:
1337:
1283:
1272:(2): 302–323.
1256:
1238:
1179:
1152:(8): 716–728.
1146:Fungal Biology
1132:
1103:on 2013-08-21.
1081:
1078:on 2002-12-23.
1059:
1019:
992:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
982:Oidium (genus)
979:
972:
969:
963:which contain
941:hyperparasites
925:In the family
922:
921:Hyperparasites
919:
890:
885:
869:
866:
852:
849:
815:
812:
792:
789:
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576:
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383:
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264:
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222:
219:
211:
208:
172:
169:
148:cleistothecium
139:
136:
75:Powdery mildew
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
55:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
33:Powdery mildew
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2338:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2299:
2295:
2291:
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2275:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2241:on 2011-07-19
2237:
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2211:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2154:on 2016-08-16
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2149:
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2124:
2120:
2114:
2100:on 2011-07-19
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1605:on 7 May 2010
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1388:on 2019-10-01
1387:
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1202:
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1183:
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1118:
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1098:
1097:Science Daily
1094:
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1073:
1069:
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1008:
1004:
997:
993:
983:
980:
978:
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974:
968:
966:
965:A. quisqualis
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:
944:
942:
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937:
932:
928:
918:
916:
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896:
889:
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882:
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876:
875:
865:
863:
859:
858:
848:
846:
845:
844:Acer palmatum
840:
836:
835:Great Britain
832:
831:North America
828:
827:
822:
821:
811:
809:
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753:
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747:
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723:
718:
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708:
707:hybridization
704:
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669:
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369:
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361:
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354:
350:
346:
342:
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335:
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329:
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324:ferroglobulin
321:
317:
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309:
308:summer squash
305:
301:
296:
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285:
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271:
260:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:propiconazole
236:
231:
228:
218:
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207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:recombination
181:
177:
168:
165:
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158:
153:
150:), a type of
149:
145:
131:
123:
115:
111:
108:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
67:
63:
60:
56:
54:Causal agents
52:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2279:
2258:
2254:
2243:. Retrieved
2236:the original
2222:
2210:
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2182:
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2152:the original
2147:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2122:
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2098:the original
2091:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2067:
2063:
2050:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1969:
1965:
1959:
1913:
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1905:
1901:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:
1822:. Retrieved
1815:the original
1806:
1799:
1772:
1762:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1723:. Retrieved
1714:
1697:
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1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1670:
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1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1572:
1544:. Retrieved
1538:
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1494:
1490:
1469:. Retrieved
1446:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:the original
1381:
1350:
1305:
1301:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1196:
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1149:
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1112:
1101:the original
1096:
1076:the original
1071:
1062:
1037:
1033:
1011:. Retrieved
1009:(in Italian)
1006:
996:
964:
946:
945:
936:Cicinnobolus
934:
924:
912:
908:G. spadiceus
906:
900:
898:
887:
878:
872:
871:
862:Oregon grape
855:
854:
851:Oregon grape
842:
824:
818:
817:
805:
802:strawberries
795:
794:
791:Strawberries
778:
777:
765:
761:
755:
749:
745:
742:Erysiphaceae
739:
731:horticulture
719:
714:
710:
695:backcrossing
690:
686:
671:
667:
663:
659:Cucumis melo
657:
655:
648:
644:
638:
637:
586:
558:
557:
543:
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535:
521:
515:
514:
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427:
421:
415:
413:
388:
385:
357:
343:
336:
293:
286:
282:
256:
247:myclobutanil
243:hexaconazole
232:
224:
216:
213:
174:
161:
144:chasmothecia
141:
138:Reproduction
99:
74:
73:
46:Downy mildew
2326:Erysiphales
1966:HortScience
1824:21 February
1040:: 338–344.
977:Erysiphales
880:Arabidopsis
868:Arabidopsis
814:Tree leaves
807:Geum rivale
676:, with new
617:watermelons
603:(including
235:triadimefon
87:Erysiphales
59:Erysiphales
2315:Categories
2245:2010-12-12
2201:2022-05-15
2191:Washington
2104:2010-08-03
1725:2018-04-24
1419:2018-04-24
1392:2018-04-24
1013:2024-04-02
988:References
961:fungicides
953:anamorphic
762:P. xanthii
746:P. xanthii
726:parasitize
715:P. xanthii
434:L. taurica
410:Sunflowers
353:apple scab
227:fungicides
210:Management
196:ascomycete
188:DNA damage
171:DNA repair
164:ascospores
146:(formerly
83:ascomycete
2298:793656582
2074:10 August
2004:(synonym
1983:10 August
1677:10 August
1579:12 August
678:cultivars
597:cucumbers
593:cucurbits
548:artichoke
391:hexaploid
364:haustoria
349:fungicide
304:fenarimol
225:Standard
2042:19236565
1938:27174422
1646:Archived
1627:Archived
1332:34554246
1233:23696672
1174:28705398
971:See also
888:Cannabis
864:leaves.
735:pathogen
691:acidulus
643:(a.k.a.
605:pumpkins
601:squashes
575:Squashes
491:soybeans
332:radicals
312:pumpkins
288:Neem oil
200:mutation
152:ascocarp
107:pathogen
102:humidity
2175:"Hemp (
2033:6640438
1962:Race S"
1918:Bibcode
1503:Bibcode
1323:8597960
1224:3683789
1201:Bibcode
1154:Bibcode
1042:Bibcode
929:of the
839:Ireland
720:A 2004
687:C. melo
477:Legumes
469:causes
459:tritici
440:Cereals
372:papilla
368:callose
300:benomyl
268:>),
2296:
2286:
2187:Oregon
2158:9 June
2128:9 June
2070:: 7–10
2040:
2030:
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1882:9 June
1854:9 June
1787:
1609:9 June
1330:
1320:
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1231:
1221:
1172:
951:is an
911:) and
905:(syn.
837:, and
774:Lilacs
615:, and
613:melons
609:luffas
589:fungus
565:apples
532:Onions
526:grapes
503:Grapes
467:hordei
456:f. sp.
426:, and
399:TALENS
395:CRISPR
318:, and
316:grapes
259:sulfur
95:spores
91:mildew
79:fungal
68:plants
2239:(PDF)
2232:(PDF)
2195:Idaho
2060:(PDF)
1934:S2CID
1818:(PDF)
1811:(PDF)
1667:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
1546:5 May
1471:5 May
1443:(PDF)
785:lilac
748:, is
689:var.
682:races
569:pears
463:wheat
376:wheat
320:roses
192:genes
182:and
77:is a
65:Hosts
2294:OCLC
2284:ISBN
2160:2018
2130:2018
2076:2015
2038:PMID
1985:2015
1884:2018
1856:2018
1826:2016
1785:ISBN
1679:2015
1611:2018
1581:2017
1548:2013
1473:2013
1328:PMID
1229:PMID
1170:PMID
939:are
711:pm-S
567:and
520:(or
397:and
370:and
328:whey
302:and
295:Milk
237:and
157:asci
2028:PMC
2020:doi
1974:doi
1926:doi
1777:doi
1750:doi
1702:doi
1511:doi
1356:doi
1318:PMC
1310:doi
1274:doi
1270:106
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1121:doi
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668:CPM
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