231:
219:
2400:
159:
was a small fortified entrance at the eastern terminal point to the London Wall, at the junction of the Wall and the Tower of London moat. In the early 17th century the City and the Crown contested ownership of the postern as part of a Tower boundary dispute.
209:" is rescued at the Castle Orgulous when a damsel slips through the postern to find his horse and ties it to the postern so that La Cote de Male Tayle can escape the 100 knights assailing him.
1794:
137:
Bridge, a crossing of the Foss, adjacent to the King's Pool, was once attached to a postern in the city wall, known as
Layerthorpe Postern. The original
230:
102:, built west of one of the city's medieval main gates, as a likely postern. Also mentioned were the postern of St. Lazarus, west of the
69:
on the besiegers. Placed in a less exposed, less visible location, they were usually relatively small, and therefore easily defensible.
57:. Posterns were often located in a concealed location which allowed the occupants to come and go inconspicuously. In the event of a
507:
218:
1610:
2204:
1899:
148:, there was a postern in the east city wall called Windsore Postern. There were at least three posterns in the wall at
2019:
1804:
279:
2229:
371:
320:
122:
82:
474:
460:
430:
415:
401:
305:
290:
445:
386:
357:
331:
268:
212:
The term is occasionally used in other contexts referring to a secondary door placed after a main entrance.
2425:
1452:
990:
500:
54:
17:
121:
contained a number of posterns; at North Street Tower, the postern gate was demolished to accommodate the
1789:
870:
1385:
1834:
1459:
2331:
1409:
2430:
2378:
2153:
1859:
1854:
1774:
1571:
1518:
1488:
1245:
1175:
1119:
696:
493:
237:
111:
85:
course summary on permanent fortifications discusses the placement and construction of posterns.
2403:
2219:
1809:
1706:
1591:
775:
188:
2356:
2194:
1976:
1729:
1466:
1289:
618:
2341:
1869:
1495:
1294:
1260:
660:
542:
202:
174:
321:
Condor, C.R., "The City of
Jerusalem", Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, London, 1896, p.4
8:
2158:
1894:
1250:
628:
180:
149:
2280:
1889:
1864:
1849:
1844:
1694:
1674:
1471:
1032:
899:
643:
156:
346:
2336:
2295:
2270:
2143:
1824:
1664:
1511:
1097:
975:
653:
596:
275:
130:
94:
In 1896, C.R. Condor, writing for the London
Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society viewed
77:
Posterns were one of the essential means of ensuring safe communication between the
2310:
2285:
2214:
2138:
1739:
1734:
1669:
1220:
1024:
603:
184:
2199:
2051:
2024:
1964:
1934:
1819:
1784:
1764:
1749:
1304:
1299:
1267:
1028:
970:
958:
940:
807:
788:
714:
691:
118:
107:
2368:
2363:
2029:
2014:
1949:
1939:
1814:
1799:
1699:
1689:
1654:
1528:
1321:
1018:
985:
949:
765:
623:
587:
245:
192:
141:
postern was only large enough to allow pedestrian traffic to and from the city.
164:
was built by upgrading a postern built in 1415, and enlarged in 1472 and 1511.
2419:
2373:
2326:
2234:
2224:
2178:
2148:
2133:
2102:
2083:
1944:
1884:
1839:
1754:
1713:
1523:
1156:
1151:
884:
847:
832:
783:
728:
707:
516:
199:
103:
43:
2351:
2209:
2173:
2128:
2112:
2040:
1993:
1969:
1959:
1954:
1769:
1586:
1447:
1414:
1279:
1215:
1190:
1102:
1076:
1044:
1038:
980:
919:
889:
737:
2250:
2107:
2076:
2058:
2046:
1988:
1983:
1924:
1919:
1879:
1779:
1744:
1640:
1543:
1314:
1284:
1274:
1180:
1069:
686:
633:
138:
134:
877:
106:; the postern of the Tanners' Gate; and the postern of the Madeleine at
2275:
2095:
2067:
1998:
1874:
1829:
1759:
1679:
1576:
1481:
1421:
1380:
1358:
1309:
1255:
1205:
1200:
1185:
1144:
1092:
1050:
995:
837:
753:
273:(Kathryn L. Reyerson, Faye Powe, eds.) U of Minnesota Press, 1991, p.17
126:
62:
2255:
800:
1684:
1615:
1442:
1437:
1370:
1011:
924:
854:
812:
638:
608:
569:
535:
99:
95:
47:
2168:
2163:
2088:
1929:
1647:
1622:
1605:
1535:
1476:
1404:
1397:
1240:
1128:
1002:
822:
817:
793:
721:
701:
681:
648:
462:
Analytical Index to the Series of
Records Known as the Remembrancia
179:, where the hero makes use of one to escape when betrayed; as does
161:
133:
postern was made wide enough for carriages. The fourteenth-century
78:
2300:
2265:
2260:
1598:
1581:
1566:
1550:
1502:
1430:
1375:
1365:
1333:
1235:
1195:
965:
909:
827:
674:
667:
613:
485:
241:
2305:
1659:
1225:
1163:
1107:
1085:
1062:
1055:
931:
914:
746:
578:
560:
530:
206:
145:
66:
51:
2346:
2290:
2034:
1559:
1390:
1230:
551:
58:
269:
Van Emden, Wolgang. "Castle in
Medieval French Literature",
1328:
1170:
1137:
1112:
904:
894:
863:
842:
39:
35:
81:
and the outerworks of a defensive fortification. An 1850
125:. The tower still stands. There were also posterns at
310:, U.S. Military Academy Press, 1850, pp.139 et seq.
224:
North Street
Postern Tower (aka Barker Tower), York
114:is a small postern called the Gate of Jehosaphat.
2417:
308:Summary of the Course of Permanent Fortification
757:
418:York: the Story of Its Walls, Bars, and Castles
1319:
1265:
1083:
929:
347:"North Street Postern Tower", Historic England
1974:
1704:
1533:
1509:
1126:
1117:
1074:
798:
594:
585:
501:
450:, Oxford Chronicle Company, Lltd., 1912, p.83
191:. A postern also provided a safe retreat for
2093:
2074:
2065:
2056:
1645:
1620:
1596:
1557:
1548:
1500:
1486:
1457:
1428:
1419:
1395:
1356:
1161:
1142:
1060:
1009:
1000:
956:
947:
938:
875:
861:
852:
735:
712:
744:
726:
672:
658:
576:
567:
558:
549:
540:
433:Survey of Antiquities of the City of Oxford
508:
494:
435:, Clarendon Press, 1889, pp. 108-109, 646
334:Narrative of a Journey Round the Dead Sea
173:In literature, a postern features in the
27:Secondary door or gate in a fortification
359:The Strangers' Guide to the City of York
271:The Medieval Castle: Romance and Reality
293:Treatise on Fortification and Artillery
14:
2418:
479:, Chap IV, Library of Alexandria, 1904
489:
264:
262:
1900:Weapons Storage and Security System
24:
515:
259:
176:Le Chanson de Girart de Roussillon
25:
2442:
374:The beauties of England and Wales
129:, and Longwalk. Around 1672, the
2399:
2398:
229:
217:
468:
454:
439:
424:
409:
395:
372:Britton, J. and Brayley, E.W.,
361:, Blyth & Moore, 1850, p.36
72:
65:, allowing defenders to make a
391:, Chapman and Hall, 1880, p.81
389:Walks Through the City of York
380:
365:
351:
340:
325:
314:
299:
284:
123:Great North of England Railway
13:
1:
1795:British "hedgehog" road block
253:
168:
7:
2205:Cities with defensive walls
1790:Defensive fighting position
1705:
1510:
1320:
1266:
1127:
1118:
1084:
1075:
930:
88:
61:, a postern could act as a
10:
2447:
448:Records of Mediæval Oxford
404:The Antiquary, 1889, p.215
2389:
2319:
2243:
2187:
2121:
2007:
1912:
1835:Hardened aircraft shelter
1810:Entry control point (ECP)
1722:
1633:
1349:
1342:
774:
523:
2332:Continuity of government
446:Salter, Herbert Edward.
416:Cooper, Thomas Parsons.
336:, R. Bentley, 1854, p.83
2154:Motte-and-bailey castle
1860:Missile launch facility
1855:Main line of resistance
550:
420:, E. Stock, 1904, p.318
295:, W. Allen, 1858, p.153
2230:Military installations
2094:
2075:
2066:
2057:
1975:
1646:
1621:
1597:
1587:Scarp and Counterscarp
1558:
1549:
1534:
1501:
1487:
1458:
1429:
1420:
1396:
1357:
1162:
1143:
1061:
1010:
1001:
957:
948:
939:
876:
862:
853:
799:
758:
745:
736:
727:
713:
673:
659:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
541:
189:The Four Sons of Aymon
1999:Floating water castle
1730:Admiralty scaffolding
1023:Fortified buildings (
332:de Saulcy, FĂ©licien.
207:La Cote de Male Tayle
2342:Subterranean warfare
1295:Viking ring fortress
306:Mahan, Dennis Hart.
2426:Castle architecture
2159:Quadrangular castle
1895:Weapon storage area
1251:Quadrangular castle
402:"York City Walls",
181:Renaud de Montauban
150:New College Gardens
1890:Underground hangar
1675:Fire control tower
1472:Gunpowder magazine
900:Butter-churn tower
157:Tower Hill Postern
119:city walls of York
2413:
2412:
2337:Military urbanism
2271:Fortified gateway
2144:Concentric castle
1908:
1907:
1825:Fire support base
1665:Coastal artillery
1540:(Spanish America)
1134:
976:Concentric castle
477:Le Morte D'Arthur
291:Straith, Hector.
203:Le Morte d'Arthur
16:(Redirected from
2438:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2286:National redoubt
2215:Fortified estate
2139:Circular rampart
2099:
2080:
2071:
2062:
1980:
1740:Anti-tank trench
1735:Air raid shelter
1710:
1670:Disappearing gun
1651:
1626:
1602:
1563:
1554:
1539:
1515:
1506:
1492:
1463:
1434:
1425:
1401:
1362:
1347:
1346:
1325:
1305:Bailey (or ward)
1271:
1176:Motte-and-bailey
1167:
1148:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1089:
1080:
1066:
1015:
1006:
962:
953:
944:
935:
881:
867:
858:
804:
761:
750:
741:
732:
718:
678:
664:
604:Circular rampart
600:
591:
582:
573:
564:
555:
546:
510:
503:
496:
487:
486:
481:
475:Malory, Thomas.
472:
466:
458:
452:
443:
437:
428:
422:
413:
407:
399:
393:
387:Davies, Robert.
384:
378:
369:
363:
355:
349:
344:
338:
329:
323:
318:
312:
303:
297:
288:
282:
266:
233:
221:
185:chanson de geste
21:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2393:
2385:
2315:
2239:
2183:
2117:
2052:Imperial castle
2025:Coercion castle
2020:Coastal defence
2003:
1965:Promontory fort
1935:Hillside castle
1904:
1820:Fallout shelter
1785:Concertina wire
1765:Border security
1718:
1629:
1338:
971:Coercion castle
959:Cheval de frise
941:Chemin de ronde
789:Albarrana tower
770:
715:Schwedenschanze
692:Promontory fort
519:
514:
484:
473:
469:
459:
455:
444:
440:
431:Wood, Anthony.
429:
425:
414:
410:
400:
396:
385:
381:
370:
366:
356:
352:
345:
341:
330:
326:
319:
315:
304:
300:
289:
285:
267:
260:
256:
249:
236:Postern in the
234:
225:
222:
171:
110:. Right of the
91:
75:
34:is a secondary
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2444:
2434:
2433:
2431:Types of gates
2428:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2369:Trench warfare
2366:
2364:Tunnel warfare
2361:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:Fortifications
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2030:Counter-castle
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:Border barrier
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Lowland castle
1947:
1942:
1940:Hilltop castle
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:Electric fence
1812:
1807:
1805:Dragon's teeth
1802:
1800:Czech hedgehog
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1714:Wire obstacles
1711:
1702:
1700:Polygonal fort
1697:
1692:
1690:Martello tower
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:Border outpost
1652:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1541:
1531:
1529:Polygonal fort
1526:
1521:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1140:
1135:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1021:
1019:Flanking tower
1016:
1007:
998:
993:
988:
986:Counter-castle
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
954:
945:
936:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
873:
868:
859:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
796:
791:
786:
780:
778:
776:Post-classical
772:
771:
769:
768:
766:Vitrified fort
763:
751:
742:
733:
724:
719:
710:
705:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
670:
665:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
624:Defensive wall
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
592:
583:
574:
565:
556:
547:
538:
533:
527:
525:
521:
520:
517:Fortifications
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
483:
482:
467:
453:
438:
423:
408:
394:
379:
364:
350:
339:
324:
313:
298:
283:
257:
255:
252:
251:
250:
246:Seine-et-Marne
235:
228:
226:
223:
216:
193:Ogier the Dane
170:
167:
166:
165:
153:
142:
115:
90:
87:
74:
71:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2443:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2406:
2405:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2374:Urban warfare
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Civil defense
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Bastion forts
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2179:Z-plan castle
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:L-plan castle
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Bridge castle
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:Refuge castle
2101:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Military base
2082:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Hunting lodge
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Moated castle
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:Island castle
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:By topography
1911:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Submarine pen
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
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1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:Hesco bastion
1838:
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1756:
1755:Blast shelter
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1538:
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1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Place-of-arms
1522:
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1157:Machicolation
1155:
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1152:L-plan castle
1150:
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885:Bridge castle
883:
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848:Bent entrance
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833:Battery tower
831:
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784:Advanced work
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708:Refuge castle
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478:
471:
465:
464:, 1878, p.427
463:
457:
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328:
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280:9780816620036
277:
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265:
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258:
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220:
215:
214:
213:
210:
208:
204:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
163:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
104:Damascus Gate
101:
97:
93:
92:
86:
84:
80:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
44:fortification
41:
37:
33:
19:
2397:
2352:Siege engine
2320:Other topics
2244:Related word
2210:Defense line
2174:Tower castle
2129:Bastion fort
2113:Urban castle
2041:Ganerbenburg
2039:
1994:Water castle
1970:Ridge castle
1955:Marsh castle
1770:Bomb shelter
1750:Belgian gate
1723:20th century
1634:19th century
1572:Retrenchment
1544:Punji sticks
1453:Entrenchment
1448:Device Forts
1415:Counterguard
1350:Early modern
1280:Tower castle
1216:Powder tower
1210:
1191:Outer bailey
1103:Inner bailey
1077:Gulyay-gorod
1045:Ganerbenburg
1043:
1039:Fujian tulou
981:Corner tower
920:Chamber gate
890:Bridge tower
738:Trou de loup
476:
470:
461:
456:
447:
441:
432:
426:
417:
411:
403:
397:
388:
382:
376:, 1812, p.31
373:
367:
358:
353:
342:
333:
327:
316:
307:
301:
292:
286:
270:
211:
197:
175:
172:
108:Herod's Gate
76:
73:Tactical use
55:curtain wall
31:
29:
18:Postern gate
2251:Castle town
2108:Toll castle
2077:Lustschloss
2059:Kaiserpfalz
1989:Spur castle
1984:Rock castle
1925:Hill castle
1920:Cave castle
1880:Spider hole
1780:Bremer wall
1745:Barbed tape
1641:Barbed wire
1315:Witch tower
1285:Tower house
1275:Toll castle
1261:Shield wall
1181:Murder hole
1070:Guard tower
687:Pincer gate
634:Faussebraye
139:Skeldergate
135:Layerthorpe
112:Golden Gate
2420:Categories
2276:Gatekeeper
2096:Ordensburg
2068:Landesburg
1875:Sentry gun
1830:Flak tower
1760:Blast wall
1680:Gun turret
1577:Sally port
1482:Kotta mara
1422:Couvreface
1386:Breastwork
1381:Blockhouse
1359:Abwurfdach
1310:Watchtower
1300:Wall tower
1256:Shell keep
1206:Portcullis
1201:Peel tower
1186:Neck ditch
1145:Landesburg
1093:Half tower
1051:Gate tower
996:Drawbridge
838:Battlement
754:Wagon fort
597:Chengqiang
254:References
169:Literature
131:Castlegate
127:Fishergate
83:West Point
63:sally port
46:such as a
2379:Guerrilla
2122:By design
1870:Revetment
1685:Land mine
1616:Star fort
1443:Crownwork
1438:Covertway
1371:Barricade
1012:Embrasure
925:Chartaque
855:Bergfried
813:Arrowslit
639:Gatehouse
609:City gate
570:Castellum
536:Acropolis
100:Jerusalem
96:Zion Gate
48:city wall
2404:Category
2394:See also
2281:Loophole
2169:Ringwork
2164:Ringfort
2089:Obstacle
1930:Hillfort
1850:Loophole
1648:Barbette
1623:Tenaille
1606:Sea fort
1536:Presidio
1496:Magazine
1477:Hornwork
1410:Cavalier
1405:Casemate
1398:Caponier
1241:Ringwork
1129:Detinets
1098:Hoarding
1003:Enceinte
878:Bretèche
823:Bartizan
818:Barbican
794:Alcazaba
722:Stockade
702:Ringfort
682:Palisade
654:Landwehr
649:Hillfort
248:, France
200:Malory's
162:Moorgate
89:Examples
79:enceinte
2311:Vedette
2301:Schloss
2266:Festung
2261:Dungeon
2256:Château
2200:Castles
2008:By role
1865:Pillbox
1695:Outpost
1611:Station
1599:Schanze
1582:Sandbag
1567:Redoubt
1551:Ravelin
1519:Palanka
1503:Orillon
1489:Lunette
1431:Coupure
1376:Bastion
1366:Arsenal
1334:Zwinger
1246:Roundel
1236:Ricetto
1211:Postern
1196:Outwork
1120:Kremlin
991:Curtain
966:Citadel
950:Chemise
910:Caltrop
828:Bastion
801:Alcázar
697:Rampart
675:Oppidum
668:Nuraghe
614:Crannog
588:Castros
524:Ancient
242:Provins
238:rampart
183:in the
32:postern
2306:Trench
2296:Picket
1707:Sangar
1660:Bunker
1592:Sconce
1512:Ostrog
1460:Flèche
1343:Modern
1322:Yagura
1290:Turret
1226:Reduit
1164:Merlon
1108:Kasbah
1086:Gusuku
1063:Glacis
1056:Gabion
1025:church
932:Chashi
915:Castle
759:Laager
747:Vallum
704:(Rath)
579:Castra
561:Burgus
531:Abatis
278:
146:Oxford
67:sortie
52:castle
2347:Siege
2291:Palas
2235:Walls
2225:Forts
2188:Lists
2035:Fence
1977:Rocca
1845:Kabal
1560:Redan
1467:Gorge
1391:Canal
1268:Shiro
1231:Ribat
1221:Qalat
1033:Dzong
1029:house
729:Sudis
661:Limes
619:Ditch
552:Broch
543:Agger
59:siege
42:in a
2357:list
1775:Buoy
1329:Yett
1171:Moat
1138:Ksar
1113:Keep
905:Caer
895:Burh
871:Boom
864:Berm
843:Bawn
808:Amba
644:Gord
276:ISBN
155:The
117:The
40:gate
36:door
629:Dun
240:of
205:, "
198:In
144:In
98:in
50:or
38:or
2422::
2396::
1031:,
1027:,
261:^
244:,
195:.
187:,
30:A
1133:)
1125:(
1035:)
762:)
756:(
509:e
502:t
495:v
152:.
20:)
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