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547:. Dutch paltrok mills are, like post windmills, supported on a central wooden post around which the entire millhouse rotates. The central post, however, is short and, to provide stability, a rim bearing is added on a brick base, on which the millhouse rotates with numerous rollers. Side extensions protect the sawing floor and workmen from the weather.
554:
were commonly converted from post mills where the post and trestle were replaced by a wooden or iron rim bearing, set into the ground or on a brick base. The millhouse was enlarged and supported on this rim by numerous rollers or small wheels. These mills are technically composite mills although the
303:
In the
Midlands and North West of England, the top of the roundhouse had a curb, and rollers affixed to the mill body enabled the roundhouse to bear some of the weight of the mill. Examples of Midlands post mills extant include Danzey Green mill, (preserved at
110:
began to replace them. The advantage of the tower mill over the earlier post mill is that it is not necessary to turn the whole mill ("body", "buck") with all its machinery into the wind; this allows more space for the machinery as well as for storage.
55:
The body of the windmill can be turned around the central post to bring the sails into the wind. All post mills have an arm projecting from them on the side opposite the sails and reaching down to near ground level. With some, as at
52:. Its defining feature is that the whole body of the mill that houses the machinery is mounted on a single central vertical post. The vertical post is supported by four quarter bars. These are struts that steady the central post.
263:
350:
83:, built in 1612. Their design and usage peaked in the 18th and 19th centuries and then declined after the introduction of high-speed steam-driven milling machinery. Many still exist today, primarily in
217:
around the trestles, and later mills were built with a roundhouse from new. This had the dual advantage of creating a covered storage area and protecting the trestle from bad weather. In
512:); the shape of the millhouse resembles that kind of garment) was built. Though similar in name and appearance, Dutch and German paltrok mills differ in historical and technical regard.
127:
The earliest post mills were quite small, and this led to problems with stability as they were liable to blow down in strong winds. A solution was found by burying the bottom of the
287:
320:
In eastern Europe, instead of a roundhouse an "apron" was fitted to the bottom of the body of the mill, enclosing the trestle and thereby affording protection from the weather.
694:
519:
was invented around 1600 and specifically designed for sawing wood. Several hundred have existed of this type of windmill; however, only five paltrok mills remain in the
374:
57:
247:
476:
A few mills looked like post mills, but were not post mills. These composite mills often had a post mill body mounted on a short tower resembling a roundhouse, as at
624:
414:. This enables the mill to drive machinery in the base or roundhouse. Hollow post mills were not common in the United Kingdom. In the Netherlands, they are called
555:
tower is very short and of large diameter. This type of mill provided more internal space than a post mill and was cheaper than the alternative of erecting a
155:
As mills were made bigger, it was found that the trestle did not need to be buried. Thus the open trestle post mills were built. The oldest surviving is at
584:
484:
in
Norfolk. Composite mills lack the central post on which the body of the post mill is mounted and turns upon to enable the mill to face the wind.
235:
565:
659:"Extract from a newspaper articlte article on windmills, in the "Preston Guardian" by Mr. T. Harrison Myers, 1914" at amounderness.co.uk/warton
185:
745:
460:
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Some post mills are hollow post mills. In these mills the main post is bored to take a driveshaft, similar to an
Upright Shaft in a
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305:
326:
197:
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The space around the trestle could be used for storage, but was open to the weather. Mill owners started to build
136:
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99:(in which the "post" was the tailpole used to turn the mill into the wind) was used in north-west England, and
34:
64:
to turn the mill automatically. With the others the arm serves to rotate the mill into the wind by hand.
576:
540:
448:
393:
681:
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669:
175:, Kent. Open trestle post mills are also found in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and in
20:
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75:. It was built in 1665. The earliest remaining example of a non-operational mill can be found in
338:
551:
226:
572:
214:
749:
8:
829:
439:
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Garboldisham Post Mill; the mill is complete inside, externally only missing the sails.
67:
The earliest post mills in
England are thought to have been built in the 12th century.
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780:
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24:
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68:
61:
813:
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would build post mills mounted on tall, two or three storey roundhouses, as at
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30:
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Saxtead Green Post Mill roundhouse is partially obscured by a hedgerow.
222:
107:
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140:
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Post mills dominated the scene in Europe until the 19th century when
640:
Hills, Power from wind: a history of windmill technology, (1996), 65
19:
This article is about windmills. For the town in West
Virginia, see
49:
356:
Post mill, rebuilt in the open-air museum at
Cloppenburg, Germany.
532:
528:
497:
218:
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in a mound of earth. The last sunk post mills in
England were at
777:
Windmills in
Huntingdon and Peterborough, a contemporary survey
544:
254:
160:
500:, a variety of mill called the paltrok (Low German spelling
315:
103:
in north-east
England, to describe mills of this type.
426:
was a type of hollow post mill used for corn milling.
719:
695:"De Gekroonde Poelenburg te Zaandam / Zaanse Schans"
420:and were mostly used for drainage. In France, the
203:Chillenden open trestle post mill (another view).
821:
612:Windmills in Huntingdon and Peterborough. p. 3.
380:Wrawby post mill – restored to have four sails.
724:. Zwolle: Waanders Uitgevers. pp. 55–60.
697:(in Dutch). De Hollandse Molen. Archived from
119:There are many variations amongst post mills.
208:
159:, Cambridgeshire. Others exist in the UK at
332:Medieval illustration of a sunk post mill.
713:
241:Friston Post Mill, near Friston, Suffolk.
150:
69:The earliest working post mill in England
738:
29:
316:Alternative ways to protect the trestle
23:. For the eschatological position, see
822:
793:
306:Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings
774:
368:Wooden post mill in Svaneke, Denmark.
298:
114:
675:
606:
191:Chillenden post mill, built in 1868.
746:"PaltrockwindmĂĽhlen in Deutschland"
663:
643:
615:
401:
71:still used today is to be found at
13:
768:
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16:Earliest type of European windmill
14:
846:
807:
471:
122:
48:is the earliest type of European
590:Paltrock mill at Schönewalde in
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779:. Stevenage: Stevenage Museum.
748:. RĂĽdiger Hagen. Archived from
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652:
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37:, a 17th-century post mill in
1:
720:De Hollandsche Molen (2007).
722:Molens, de nieuwe Stokhuyzen
599:
7:
577:Netherlands Open Air Museum
541:Netherlands Open Air Museum
10:
851:
281:Post mill with roundhouse.
18:
816:information on Post mills
209:Post mill with roundhouse
775:Smith, Arthur C (1977).
253:Aurora Post Mill (1845)
21:Post Mill, West Virginia
684:Thornham composite mill
796:Stability in Windmills
649:Stability in Windmills
594:, Brandenburg, Germany
151:Open trestle post mill
41:
672:Banham composite mill
33:
794:Jarvis, P S (1982).
60:, the arm carries a
752:on January 12, 2015
504:, from High German
440:Thorpeness Windmill
344:Midlands post mill.
814:Sussex Mills Group
627:2006-12-29 at the
308:) and the mill at
299:Midlands post mill
167:, Cambridgeshire;
163:, Cambridgeshire;
115:Types of post mill
42:
97:peg and post mill
25:Postmillennialism
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701:on March 5, 2016
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402:Hollow Post mill
394:Polish post mill
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312:, Lincolnshire.
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769:General sources
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629:Wayback Machine
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85:Northern Europe
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39:Buckinghamshire
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510:palisade skirt
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472:Composite mill
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165:Great Chishill
157:Great Gransden
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81:Cambridgeshire
77:Great Gransden
35:Brill windmill
15:
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573:Mijn Genoegen
571:Paltrok mill
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552:paltrok mills
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525:Zaanse Schans
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423:Moulin Cavier
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227:Saxtead Green
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171:, Sussex and
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58:Saxtead Green
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754:. Retrieved
750:the original
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703:. Retrieved
699:the original
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517:paltrok mill
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488:Paltrok mill
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438:Hollow post
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798:. Reading:
705:October 28,
592:Elbe-Elster
539:and at the
521:Netherlands
494:Netherlands
223:millwrights
215:roundhouses
177:New England
108:tower mills
91:. The term
830:Post mills
824:Categories
756:August 20,
557:smock mill
515:The Dutch
412:tower mill
173:Chillenden
137:Lancashire
835:Windmills
600:Citations
537:Amsterdam
506:Pfalzrock
141:Essington
101:stob mill
46:post mill
625:Archived
502:Paltrock
482:Thornham
454:Wipmolen
417:Wipmolen
93:peg mill
50:windmill
622:"mills"
575:in the
550:German
533:Zaandam
529:Haarlem
498:Germany
492:In the
219:Suffolk
179:, USA.
129:trestle
62:fantail
783:
728:
545:Arnhem
478:Banham
310:Wrawby
255:Baexem
169:Nutley
139:, and
133:Warton
523:, at
408:smock
161:Bourn
800:TIMS
781:ISBN
758:2012
726:ISBN
707:2012
496:and
480:and
87:and
44:The
410:or
95:or
79:in
826::
559:.
543:,
535:,
531:,
527:,
392:A
229:.
221:,
147:.
143:,
135:,
802:.
789:.
760:.
734:.
709:.
508:(
442:.
396:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
