138:
409:' was a regular problem for these vehicles when driven on roads. If individual wheels were out of phase with their neighbours, possibly caused by cornering or slightly varying tyre diameter, this could place a considerable force on the gearbox, leading to breakages. For this reason, it was regular practice when driving on tarmac to bump the vehicle over a kerb or other object at times, to allow this wind-up to be released. On slippery surfaces like sand or mud there is enough slippage between the tires and ground to dissipate the tension.
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150:
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20:
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hub and where driving power is transferred to each wheel via a simple gearbox, built onto each hub. It gives two advantages: ground clearance is increased, particularly beneath the low-slung differential housing of the main axles — and secondly, any hub reduction gearing allows the axle half shafts
370:
hub gearbox. This is mounted in-line with the half shaft, so that there is no change in ride height. They are often used for large and heavy vehicles, where the wheel diameter already gives adequate ground clearance. The reduction gearbox allows the half shafts to turn faster than the wheels, thus
118:
components, the size of the differential casing can be reduced to gain even more ground clearance. Additionally, all drivetrain elements, in particular the transfer gearbox and driveshafts, can be built lighter. This results in lowering the
195:) are a housing with a set of gears which bolts onto the final flange of the axle tube. This approach allows existing vehicles to be converted to use portal gear lifts without modifying the axles (
405:
between sides and all wheels on each side linked by an internal driveshaft and bevel gearboxes to the half shafts. This has no differential axle between wheel stations on each side and so '
232:
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although, in the case of the latter, the device is engineered in the opposite way to those fitted to off-road vehicles - the axle is below the center of the wheel. Thus, the
650:
123:
for a given ground clearance. Where a vehicle also requires a reduced top speed, in at least one gear, the gear ratio can also have this effect. The military
747:
699:
Michael
Trzesniowski: Rennwagentechnik: Grundlagen, Konstruktion, Komponenten, Systeme, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2012, page 782–783
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to drive the same power but at reduced torque (by using higher shaft speed). This reduces load on the axle crown wheel and differential.
31:
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and require robust axle-control elements to give predictable handling. In addition, at higher speeds the hub assembly can overheat.
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of WWII used a ratio of 1.4:1 to provide a 2.5 mph walking speed in first gear, as well as a useful lift of 50 mm.
654:
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allows the floor of the bus to be lowered, easing access to the bus and increasing the available cabin height.
454:"New Spicer portal axles for compact utility tractors - introduced by Off-Highway Systems Group of Dana Corp"
237:
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As they require a heavier and more complex hub assembly, however, these systems can result in an increased
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Railway
Technology - Portal axle with SAB V60 rubber-sprung wheels and sound absorbers
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Hub gearboxes were an iconic feature of the Alvis FV600 chassis vehicles, such as the
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120:
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They are now found on many large quarrying dump trucks and heavy plant vehicles.
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Compared to a normal layout, portal axles enable the vehicle to gain higher
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tube or the half-shaft is offset from – usually above – the center of the
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651:"Mercedes releases 6x6 G63 AMG specs and pics [w/Video]"
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ArvinMeritor
Reveals New Second Generation Inverted Portal Axle
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configuration (which, despite its similarity to the term
62:
The portal gear configuration is also sometimes called a
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for the same power. This permits a smaller and lighter
420:
Today, portal gear lifts are manufactured for use in
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16:Off-road vehicle suspension and drive technology
103:casing are tucked up higher under the vehicle.
503:. Pen & Sword Military. pp. 134–135.
446:
266:(1952-1989) - 3 ton all-terrain truck (6x6)
211:Vehicles fitted with portal axles include:
50:suspension and drive technology where the
23:Comparison between normal and portal axles
456:. Diesel Progress North American Edition.
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175:
148:
136:
83:
26:
18:
366:A related development is the use of an
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624:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
748:Automotive transmission technologies
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302:Volkswagen Type 2 (first generation)
13:
394:. The FV600 used a version of the
260:in Porsche 997 GT3 R Hybrid (2010)
14:
764:
233:Land Rover Defender 130CC-R(hino)
88:Simple portal gearbox from a WW2
76:, produces the opposite effect).
415:
313:Volkswagen Type 166 Schwimmwagen
184:fitted with bolt-on portal axles
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693:
668:
643:
632:
110:at the wheel which lessens the
639:An Expedition Truck on Portals
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564:
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340:(Only some military versions)
304:Transporter | Kombi | Microbus
79:
1:
597:www.internationaldelivers.com
439:
308:Volkswagen Type 82 Kübelwagen
157:tractor with rear portal axle
145:tractor with rear portal axle
90:Volkswagen Type 82 Kübelwagen
275:Steyr-Daimler-Puch Pinzgauer
99:, as both the axle tube and
7:
427:
206:
10:
769:
468:U.S. patent 20,130,240,282
298:'s High Mobility Vehicle)
501:Professor Porsche's Wars
238:Mercedes-Benz G500 4×4²
676:"The Unimog Principle"
571:4WD Glossary & FAQ
363:
185:
161:They are also used in
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92:
35:
24:
481:U.S. patent 6,095,005
422:utility task vehicles
359:
179:
152:
140:
87:
30:
22:
717:"portal-compare.htm"
294:(Civilian model and
270:Steyr Puch Haflinger
248:Mercedes-Benz Unimog
171:inverted portal axle
318:Volkswagen Type 181
292:Toyota Mega Cruiser
182:Land Rover Defender
576:2007-12-11 at the
558:2007-11-01 at the
529:2008-12-19 at the
364:
352:In-line gearboxes
228:International FTTS
186:
159:
147:
93:
36:
25:
705:978-3-8348-2209-3
510:978-1-52672-679-7
121:center of gravity
114:on all the other
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719:. Archived from
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678:. Archived from
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653:. Archived from
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599:. Archived from
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401:, with a single
97:ground clearance
48:off-road vehicle
44:portal gear lift
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590:"Archived copy"
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578:Wayback Machine
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560:Wayback Machine
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531:Wayback Machine
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497:Ludvigsen, Karl
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371:requiring less
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189:Bolt-on portals
167:low floor buses
132:unsprung weight
82:
17:
12:
11:
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606:on 9 July 2006
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361:Alvis Stalwart
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108:gear reduction
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723:on 2007-10-08
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682:on 2008-07-18
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657:on 2013-04-10
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416:Manufacturing
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379:and internal
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155:Porsche F 108
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725:. Retrieved
721:the original
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684:. Retrieved
680:the original
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659:. Retrieved
655:the original
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608:. Retrieved
601:the original
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434:Dropped axle
419:
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403:differential
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333:LuAZ/ZAZ 969
288:medium truck
210:
192:
188:
187:
170:
160:
129:
105:
101:differential
94:
73:dropped axle
71:
68:drop gearset
67:
63:
61:
43:
39:
37:
286:Tatra T 810
282:small truck
280:Tatra T 805
258:Porsche 911
253:Porsche 597
242:G63 AMG 6x6
106:Due to the
80:Description
40:portal axle
34:portal axle
742:Categories
727:2007-12-04
686:2007-12-04
661:2013-03-15
440:References
381:drivetrain
377:half shaft
328:Volvo C202
323:Volvo C303
244:6x6 truck.
216:AM General
201:Unimog 404
197:Volvo C303
193:drop boxes
125:Kübelwagen
116:drivetrain
524:Exaxt 4WD
368:epicyclic
264:Praga V3S
223:Hummer H1
64:drop gear
32:Pinzgauer
620:cite web
574:Archived
556:Archived
527:Archived
499:(2014).
428:See also
388:Stalwart
344:UAZ Bars
207:Examples
163:railways
46:) is an
424:(UTV).
407:wind-up
399:H-drive
392:Saracen
338:UAZ-469
143:Farmall
753:Trucks
703:
610:22 May
507:
373:torque
112:torque
604:(PDF)
593:(PDF)
296:JGSDF
219:HMMWV
153:1961
141:1930
56:wheel
701:ISBN
626:link
612:2022
505:ISBN
390:and
240:and
221:and
191:(or
165:and
52:axle
42:(or
396:DAF
203:).
199:or
66:or
744::
622:}}
618:{{
595:.
488:^
383:.
180:A
38:A
730:.
689:.
664:.
628:)
614:.
513:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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