441:), which may be mechanically raised or lowered. The axle is lowered to increase the weight capacity, or to distribute the weight of the cargo over more wheels, for example, to cross a weight-restricted bridge. When not needed, the axle is lifted off the ground to save wear on the tires and axle, and to increase traction in the remaining wheels, and to decrease fuel consumption. Lifting an axle also alleviates lateral scrubbing of the additional axle in very tight turns, allowing the vehicle to turn more readily. In some situations, the removal of pressure from the additional axle is necessary for the vehicle to complete a turn at all.
426:
304:
494:
semi-floating axle features only one bearing, while the full-floating assembly has bearings on both the inside and outside of the wheel hub. The other difference is axle removal. To remove the semi-floating axle, the wheel must be removed first; if such an axle breaks, the wheel is most likely to come off the vehicle. The semi-floating design is found under most ½-ton and lighter trucks, as well as in SUVs and rear-wheel-drive passenger cars, usually being smaller or less expensive models.
357:
413:, but modern rear-wheel drive automobiles generally use a split axle with a differential. In this case, one half-axle or half-shaft connects the differential with the left rear wheel, a second half-shaft does the same with the right rear wheel; thus the two half-axles and the differential constitute the rear axle. The front drive axle is providing the force to drive the truck. In fact, only one wheel of that axle is actually moving the truck and trailer down the road.
2077:
1124:
2067:
1114:
135:
36:
151:
489:
The full-floating design is typically used in most Âľ- and 1-ton light trucks, medium-duty trucks, and heavy-duty trucks. The overall assembly can carry more weight than a semi-floating or non-floating axle assembly because the hubs have two bearings riding on a fixed spindle. A full-floating axle can
476:
In contrast, a semi-floating design carries the weight of the vehicle on the axle shaft itself; there is a single bearing at the end of the axle housing that carries the load from the axle and that the axle rotates through. To be "semi-floating" the axle shafts must be able to "float" in the housing,
416:
Some simple vehicle designs, such as leisure go-karts, may have a single driven wheel where the drive axle is a split axle with only one of the two shafts driven by the engine, or else have both wheels connected to one shaft without a differential (kart racing). However, other go-karts have two rear
322:
In split-axle designs, the wheel on each side is attached to a separate shaft. Modern passenger cars have split-drive axles. In some designs, this allows independent suspension of the left and right wheels, and therefore a smoother ride. Even when the suspension is not independent, split axles permit
493:
The semi-floating axle setup is commonly used on half-ton and lighter 4Ă—4 trucks in the rear. This setup allows the axle shaft to be the means of propulsion, and also support the weight of the vehicle. The main difference between the full- and semi-floating axle setups is the number of bearings. The
481:
which are 3Âľ-round hardened washers that slide into grooves machined at the inner end of the shafts and retained in/by recesses in the differential carrier side gears which are themselves retained by the differential pinion gear (or "spider gear") shaft. A true semi-floating axle assembly places no
318:
A straight axle is a single rigid shaft connecting a wheel on the left side of the vehicle to a wheel on the right side. The axis of rotation fixed by the axle is common to both wheels. Such a design can keep the wheel positions steady under heavy stress, and can therefore support heavy loads.
468:
A full-floating axle carries the vehicle's weight on the axle casing, not the half-shafts; they serve only to transmit torque from the differential to the wheels. They "float" inside an assembly that carries the vehicle's weight. Thus the only stress it must endure is torque (not lateral bending
267:
to the wheels at each end, while the rigid outer tube maintains the position of the wheels at fixed angles relative to the axle, and controls the angle of the axle and wheels assembly to the vehicle body. The solid axles (housings) in this system must also bear the weight of the vehicle plus any
485:
Axles that are pressed into ball or tapered roller bearings, which are in turn retained in the axle housings with flanges, bolts, and nuts do not "float" and place axial loads on the bearings, housings, and only a short section of the shaft itself, that also carries all radial loads.
188:
are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported. In the latter case, a bearing or bushing sits inside a central hole in the wheel to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle. Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type of axle is referred to as a
268:
cargo. A non-driving axle, such as the front beam axle in heavy-duty trucks and some two-wheel drive light trucks and vans, will have no shaft, and serves only as a suspension and steering component. Conversely, many front-wheel drive cars have a one-piece rear beam axle.
319:
Straight axles are used on trains (that is, locomotives and railway wagons), for the rear axles of commercial trucks, and on heavy-duty off-road vehicles. The axle can optionally be protected and further reinforced by enclosing the length of the axle in a housing.
448:
Lift axles were in use in the early 1940s. Initially, the axle was lifted by a mechanical device. Soon hydraulics replaced the mechanical lift system. One of the early manufacturers was
Zetterbergs, located in Ă–stervĂĄla, Sweden. Their brand was Zeta-lyften.
234:
An even broader (somewhat figurative) sense of the word refers to every pair of parallel wheels on opposite sides of a vehicle, regardless of their mechanical connection to each other and to the vehicle frame or body. Thus, transverse pairs of wheels in an
275:
is made independent from the axles by the function of the suspension system. This is typical of the independent suspensions found on most newer cars, and even SUVs, and on the front of many light trucks. An exception to this rule is the independent (rear)
444:
Several manufacturers offer computer-controlled airlifts so that the dead axles are automatically lowered when the main axle reaches its weight limit. The dead axles can still be lifted by the press of a button if needed, for better maneuverability.
326:
A tandem axle is a group of two or more axles situated close together. Truck designs use such a configuration to provide a greater weight capacity than a single axle. Semi-trailers usually have a tandem axle at the rear.
342:". The primary differences between the two are that chrome-moly steel is significantly more resistant to bending or breaking, and is very difficult to weld with tools normally found outside a professional welding shop.
477:
bearings and seals, and not subject to axial "thrust" and/or bearing preload. Needle bearings and separate lip seals are used in semi-floating axles with axle retained in the housing at their inner ends typically with
389:
between the two half axles. Each half axle connects to the wheel by use of a constant velocity (CV) joint which allows the wheel assembly to move freely vertically as well as to pivot when making turns.
287:(or diffs), but without fixed axle-housing tubes attached. The diff may be attached to the vehicle frame or body, and/or be integrated with the transmission (or gearbox) in a combined
263:
Axles are an integral component of most practical wheeled vehicles. In a solid, "live-axle" suspension system, the rotating inner axle cores (or half-shafts) serve to transmit driving
207:
occur in casual usage, referring to the shaft itself, its housing, or simply any transverse pair of wheels. Strictly speaking, a shaft that rotates with the wheel, being either
323:
the use of a differential, allowing the left and right drive wheels to be driven at different speeds as the automobile turns, improving traction and extending tire life.
180:. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. In the former case,
497:
A benefit of a full-floating axle is that even if an axle shaft (used to transmit torque or power) breaks, the wheel will not come off, preventing serious accidents.
664:
624:
1253:
1653:
295:. Like a full floating axle system, the drive shafts in a front-wheel-drive independent suspension system do not support any vehicle weight.
2101:
1258:
1160:
271:
In other types of suspension systems, the axles serve only to transmit driving torque to the wheels: the position and angle of the wheel
598:
696:
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727:
518:
255:
for the overall weight-bearing capacity of a vehicle, and its potential for causing wear or damage to roadway surfaces.
1948:
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119:
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100:
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1317:
1322:
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79:
1953:
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409:) which transmits the rotational force to a drive axle at the rear of the vehicle. The drive axle may be a
1840:
953:
2106:
1903:
1893:
1732:
1146:
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86:
1850:
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978:
918:
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577:
143:
1898:
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720:
508:
376:
223:. However, in looser usage, an entire assembly including the surrounding axle housing (typically a
1928:
838:
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335:
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68:
46:
2111:
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53:
24:
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181:
20:
1516:
547:
8:
1943:
1717:
1347:
1307:
948:
928:
713:
308:
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693:
1983:
1506:
1297:
1230:
1094:
999:
542:
537:
453:
252:
452:
The liftable tandem drive axle was invented in 1957 by the
Finnish truck manufacturer
2066:
1812:
1386:
1240:
1113:
888:
823:
775:
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unit. The axle (half-)shafts then transmit driving torque to the wheels, usually via
185:
2032:
1792:
1767:
1342:
1287:
1178:
963:
770:
650:
433:
Some dump trucks and trailers may be configured with a lift axle (also known as an
425:
394:
243:
in some contexts. This very loose definition of "axle" is often used in assessing
1741:
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532:
93:
2042:
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1963:
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1817:
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1590:
1491:
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142:
affixed to a straight axle, limiting them to rotate in unison. This is called a
2047:
1958:
1908:
1860:
1782:
1585:
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1536:
1476:
1471:
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1332:
1312:
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572:
303:
191:
173:
1401:
2095:
2080:
2037:
1978:
1973:
1807:
1692:
1565:
1511:
1486:
1481:
1406:
1381:
1127:
1066:
1051:
1031:
958:
795:
765:
490:
be identified by a protruding hub to which the axle shaft flange is bolted.
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1988:
1923:
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1802:
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suspension, wherein the half-axles are also load-bearing suspension arms.
2070:
2022:
2012:
1918:
1777:
1757:
1737:
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1501:
1421:
1195:
1117:
1041:
1014:
1009:
873:
863:
552:
473:, while the hub and bearings are retained on the spindle by a large nut.
469:
force). Full-floating axle shafts are retained by a flange bolted to the
351:
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1933:
1913:
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379:(gearbox and differential) and front axle into a single unit called a
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429:
A dump truck with an airlift pusher axle shown in the raised position
410:
381:
334:
or SAE grade 10xx steel. SAE grade 41xx steel is commonly known as "
288:
244:
1138:
134:
35:
1832:
1615:
1210:
848:
170:
1570:
1466:
478:
470:
272:
651:"Drive Axle Repair & Axle Replacement Service – Axle Doctor"
364:
An axle that is driven by the engine or prime mover is called a
2027:
1225:
1019:
833:
264:
150:
1999:
1885:
1367:
1004:
908:
705:
338:" (or "chrome-moly") while SAE grade 10xx steel is known as "
2003:
1026:
177:
1674:
747:
385:. The drive axle is a split axle with a differential and
482:
side loads on the axle housing tubes or axle shafts.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
463:
298:
2093:
617:
603:(9th ed.). McGraw Hill. 2010. p. 360.
203:On cars and trucks, several senses of the word
1647:
1154:
721:
1661:
1654:
1640:
1161:
1147:
728:
714:
16:Central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
424:
355:
330:Axles are typically made from SAE grade
302:
149:
133:
2094:
215:in fixed relation to it, is called an
1635:
1168:
1142:
709:
509:All pages with titles beginning with
397:cars and trucks, the engine turns a
283:Independent drive-trains still need
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
13:
2102:Automotive suspension technologies
1949:Electronic brakeforce distribution
844:Continuously variable transmission
311:wheel used on Japanese high-speed
14:
2123:
687:
519:All pages with titles containing
456:, a company sharing history with
2076:
2075:
2065:
1123:
1122:
1112:
258:
34:
1442:Schwartzkopff-Eckhardt II bogie
45:needs additional citations for
735:
657:
643:
591:
464:Full-floating vs semi-floating
299:Structural features and design
198:
1:
879:Automated manual transmission
600:Mechanical Engineering design
584:
360:Splines on a front drive axle
345:
1954:Electronic stability control
568:Wagon wheel (transportation)
420:
7:
1841:Ackermann steering geometry
954:Semi-automatic transmission
500:
375:cars typically combine the
10:
2128:
1904:Active rollover protection
791:Internal combustion engine
349:
18:
2061:
1997:
1884:
1831:
1683:
1670:
1599:
1555:
1450:
1377:AAR type A switcher truck
1366:
1272:
1239:
1177:
1108:
1090:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
1077:
992:
979:Transmission control unit
919:Limited-slip differential
884:Electrorheological clutch
809:
756:
743:
578:Wheelset (rail transport)
169:is a central shaft for a
1899:Anti-lock braking system
1693:Anti-roll bar (sway bar)
869:Dual-clutch transmission
293:constant-velocity joints
19:Not to be confused with
1929:Combined braking system
839:Constant-velocity joint
336:chrome-molybdenum steel
1753:Independent suspension
1417:Krauss-Helmholtz bogie
819:Automatic transmission
671:. The Trucker's Report
430:
361:
315:
237:independent suspension
158:
147:
1773:Multi-link suspension
1432:Radial steering truck
1249:AAR wheel arrangement
428:
359:
306:
153:
137:
1259:Swiss classification
924:Locking differential
859:Direct-shift gearbox
699:7 March 2016 at the
251:, and is taken as a
227:) is also called an
54:improve this article
1944:Electric park brake
949:Preselector gearbox
929:Manual transmission
665:"using a lift axle"
625:"Ring & Pinion"
309:0 Series Shinkansen
1984:Regenerative brake
1507:Klien-Lindner axle
1254:UIC classification
1231:Dual Control Stand
1095:Electric generator
1000:Wheel hub assembly
631:on 4 November 2013
543:List of auto parts
538:Klien-Lindner axle
454:Vanajan Autotehdas
431:
417:drive wheels too.
362:
316:
159:
148:
2107:Rail technologies
2089:
2088:
1894:Automatic braking
1629:
1628:
1532:Road–rail vehicle
1517:Luttermöller axle
1387:Articulated bogie
1241:Wheel arrangement
1136:
1135:
889:Epicyclic gearing
758:Automotive engine
694:Truck Axle Design
548:Luttermöller axle
373:front-wheel drive
239:may be called an
130:
129:
122:
104:
2119:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2033:Outline of tires
1768:MacPherson strut
1656:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1402:Cleminson system
1163:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1125:
1116:
993:Wheels and tires
964:Torque converter
730:
723:
716:
707:
706:
681:
680:
678:
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661:
655:
654:
647:
641:
640:
638:
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627:. Archived from
621:
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524:
514:
395:rear-wheel drive
387:universal joints
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
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2126:
2122:
2121:
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2118:
2117:
2116:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2057:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1969:Hydraulic fluid
1964:Hydraulic brake
1880:
1871:Torque steering
1866:Rack and pinion
1827:
1818:Wheel alignment
1733:Double wishbone
1679:
1666:
1660:
1630:
1625:
1595:
1551:
1492:Equalising beam
1446:
1362:
1268:
1235:
1182:
1173:
1167:
1137:
1132:
1104:
1073:
988:
984:Universal joint
914:Hotchkiss drive
805:
752:
739:
734:
701:Wayback Machine
690:
685:
684:
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623:
622:
618:
611:
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403:propellor shaft
401:(also called a
354:
348:
301:
261:
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126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
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5:
2125:
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2087:
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2062:
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2048:Whitewall tire
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2040:
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2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
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1995:
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1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1959:Engine braking
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1909:Brake bleeding
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1861:Power steering
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1813:Watt's linkage
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1783:Shock absorber
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:Hydropneumatic
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1735:
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1681:
1680:
1671:
1668:
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1665:control system
1659:
1658:
1651:
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1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1602:exhaust system
1597:
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1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1557:Exhaust system
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1537:Trailing wheel
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1477:Carrying wheel
1474:
1472:Beugniot lever
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1445:
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1439:
1437:Scheffel bogie
1434:
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1409:
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1264:Whyte notation
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1120:
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1103:
1102:
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1087:
1085:Electric motor
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946:
941:
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899:Friction drive
896:
894:Fluid coupling
891:
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785:Plug-in hybrid
778:
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689:
688:External links
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610:978-0073529288
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573:Wheel and axle
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2112:Vehicle parts
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2038:Rostyle wheel
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2004:Tires (Tyres)
2001:
1996:
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1980:
1979:Parking brake
1977:
1975:
1974:Inboard brake
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Unsprung mass
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:Leading wheel
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Gölsdorf axle
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Driving wheel
1485:
1483:
1482:Coupled wheel
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Grovers bogie
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:Arnoux system
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:Bagnall–Price
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Shift-by-wire
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
814:
812:
808:
802:
799:
797:
796:Petrol engine
794:
792:
789:
786:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
766:Diesel engine
764:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
749:
742:
738:
731:
726:
724:
719:
717:
712:
711:
708:
702:
698:
695:
692:
691:
670:
666:
660:
652:
646:
630:
626:
620:
612:
606:
602:
601:
594:
590:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
533:Gölsdorf axle
531:
529:
526:
523:
522:
516:
513:
512:
506:
505:
498:
495:
491:
487:
483:
480:
474:
472:
461:
459:
455:
450:
446:
442:
440:
436:
427:
418:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
369:
367:
358:
353:
343:
341:
337:
333:
328:
324:
320:
314:
313:bullet trains
310:
305:
296:
294:
290:
286:
285:differentials
281:
279:
274:
269:
266:
259:Vehicle axles
256:
254:
250:
249:vehicle taxes
246:
242:
238:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
196:
194:
193:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
157:
152:
145:
141:
138:Railroad car
136:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2018:Custom wheel
1989:Vacuum servo
1924:Brake lining
1846:Caster angle
1803:Trailing arm
1728:De Dion tube
1718:Car handling
1713:Camber angle
1697:
1673:Part of the
1672:
1527:Railway tire
1453:running gear
1412:Jacobs bogie
1392:Bissel truck
1181:positioning
1037:Racing slick
974:Transfer box
944:Park-by-wire
939:Parking pawl
854:Differential
829:Direct-drive
811:Transmission
801:Steam engine
746:Part of the
745:
673:. Retrieved
669:Truck driver
668:
659:
645:
633:. Retrieved
629:the original
619:
599:
593:
520:
510:
496:
492:
488:
484:
475:
467:
451:
447:
443:
438:
435:airlift axle
434:
432:
415:
406:
402:
392:
380:
377:transmission
370:
365:
363:
340:carbon steel
329:
325:
321:
317:
282:
270:
262:
240:
233:
228:
220:
216:
204:
202:
190:
166:
162:
160:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2053:Wire wheels
2023:Drive wheel
2013:Alloy wheel
1919:Brake fluid
1798:Torsion bar
1778:Panhard rod
1758:Leaf spring
1738:Hydrolastic
1723:Coil spring
1542:Train wheel
1522:Radial axle
1502:Journal box
1422:Mason Bogie
1358:Walschaerts
1196:Cab forward
1015:Alloy wheel
874:Drive wheel
864:Drive shaft
824:Chain drive
675:28 December
553:Portal axle
352:Drive wheel
253:rough proxy
199:Terminology
156:Denney axle
110:August 2018
2096:Categories
2000:Roadwheels
1939:Drum brake
1934:Disc brake
1914:Brake fade
1876:Understeer
1788:Swing axle
1703:Axle track
1685:Suspension
1675:Automobile
1462:Adams axle
1427:Pony truck
1397:Blomberg B
1353:Stephenson
1338:Kuhn slide
1274:Valve gear
1206:Steeplecab
1184:Short hood
1170:Locomotive
1100:Alternator
748:Automobile
737:Powertrain
585:References
558:Powertrain
528:Solid axle
399:driveshaft
366:drive axle
350:See also:
346:Drive axle
332:41xx steel
278:swing axle
245:toll roads
221:axle shaft
80:newspapers
1856:Oversteer
1823:Wheelbase
1793:Toe angle
1763:Live axle
1708:Beam axle
1611:Blastpipe
1328:Hackworth
1221:Cowl unit
1216:Hood unit
1201:Sharknose
1188:Long hood
969:Transaxle
934:Manumatic
904:Gearshift
776:Fuel cell
635:9 October
563:Transaxle
458:Sisu Auto
439:drop axle
421:Lift axle
411:live axle
407:tailshaft
382:transaxle
289:transaxle
2081:Category
1833:Steering
1742:Hydragas
1616:Smokebox
1604:elements
1581:Lemaître
1547:Wheelset
1455:elements
1348:Southern
1308:Caprotti
1211:Cab unit
1128:Category
1067:Tubeless
1052:Run-flat
1032:Off-road
849:Coupling
771:Electric
697:Archived
501:See also
479:circlips
186:bushings
182:bearings
171:rotating
167:axletree
144:wheelset
2043:Spinner
1851:Kingpin
1663:Chassis
1621:Chimney
1600:Common
1591:Lemprex
1571:Kylchap
1467:Axlebox
1323:Gresley
1303:Bulleid
1298:Baguley
371:Modern
225:casting
213:splined
192:spindle
94:scholar
2071:Portal
2028:Hubcap
1886:Brakes
1677:series
1586:Lempor
1576:Kylpor
1451:Other
1226:Boxcab
1172:design
1118:Portal
1078:Hybrid
1042:Radial
1020:Hubcap
834:Clutch
781:Hybrid
750:series
607:
265:torque
209:bolted
140:wheels
96:
89:
82:
75:
69:"Axle"
67:
1566:Giesl
1559:types
1370:types
1368:Bogie
1343:Lentz
1318:Gooch
1288:Baker
1283:Allan
1276:types
1062:Spare
1005:Wheel
909:Giubo
511:Axle
174:wheel
101:JSTOR
87:books
1698:Axle
1057:Snow
1047:Rain
1027:Tire
677:2011
637:2013
605:ISBN
521:Axle
273:hubs
241:axle
229:axle
217:axle
205:axle
178:gear
163:axle
73:news
25:Axel
1333:Joy
1313:Gab
1179:Cab
1010:Rim
471:hub
437:or
405:or
393:In
247:or
219:or
211:or
184:or
176:or
165:or
161:An
56:by
23:or
21:Axl
2098::
1186:/
667:.
460:.
368:.
307:A
231:.
195:.
154:A
1744:)
1740:(
1655:e
1648:t
1641:v
1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
787:)
783:(
729:e
722:t
715:v
679:.
653:.
639:.
613:.
146:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
