686:
670:
86:
270:
61:
42:
418:, they will persist and hold their seeds. The color of the seed cones and seed scales is red-brown in color. The foliar sheaths measure 0.4 to 0.8 with long bases. The seeds are ovule in shape, being 0.2 and 0.24 in length, and have an angled tip colored a pale brown. For seeds to be used for regeneration, seed trees that are 23 to 25 cm (9 - 10 inches) in DBH and 30 years old are expected to produce 5,000 seeds.
381:(loblolly pine), but the key differences are they have direct needle growth from the trunk, are smaller in size, and tend not to grow straight. The bark of the pond pine forms rough plates. They are a brownish-red color. The pond pines are not as cold hardy as the loblolly and pitch pines. It takes 18 years for the pond pine to reach full maturity. The almost round cones are 5–8 cm (2–
614:, three species of the Ips engraver beetles, and the black turpentine beetle. These beetle species grind through conducting tissues of their hosts. Phloem damage leads pine needles fading from green, to light green, and death of the tree. These trees also face the eastern pine weevil and are susceptible to wind damage.
562:
Without the heat from a fire the seed fall is limited by the serotinous cones of pond pine. Pond pine seedling growth is often limited by the moisture in the soil, lack of nutrients, and competition. Under poor growing conditions pond pine seedlings grow can as little as 30 cm (12 inches) or less per year.
561:
needs fire in the form of intense scorching or defoliation. The buds are dormant and protected by the tree's thick bark. When parts of the tree are top killed by fire, epicortical buds can resume growth. 15 to 20 seed trees are needed per hectare (6 to 8 acres) for the sufficient seed set after fire.
346:
often has a crooked growth pattern and an irregular top and grows up to 21 metres (69 ft) high, rarely to 29 metres (95 ft). The needles are in bundles of three or four, and 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long.
553:
stands provide habitat and support for many wildlife species, particularly for birds and mammals in wetlands and flatland environments. The pond pine is intolerant of shade. In order for reproduction to occur,
444:
is derived from the persistently serotinous cones that may remain closed for several years before they release their seeds. Historically this species has been viewed as a subspecies of
685:
521:); it is distinguished from that species by longer needles and on average slightly larger cones. Some botanists treat pond pine as a subspecies of pitch pine.
528:
habitat include mild and humid climates. The average temperature ranges from 45 degrees F to 80 degrees F. The more extreme temperature ranges recorded for
1906:
1728:
1780:
669:
1896:
502:
is commonly found in wet and poorly drained sites, but it will grow very well in mineral soils. Pond pines are very useful in preventing
513:, thrive in flatwoods, flatwoods bogs, savannas, and barrens. At the north end of its range, pond pine intergrades and hybridizes with
1829:
1676:
760:"Pinus serotina (Bay Pine, Black Bark Pine, Marsh Pine, Pocosin Pine, Pond Pine) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"
652:, allows for trees to regenerate by coppicing. Thus disturbances (e.g. fire) are required for this species to persist and recruit.
1275:
1741:
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912:
1154:
1746:
1911:
85:
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is primarily found in wet and poorly drained sites, most commonly in or near swamps, ponds, bays, marshes, and
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and saw timber where other trees will not grow. Tan or green dyes can be obtained from the needles of the
871:
1694:
1195:
1842:
588:. A vanillin flavoring is obtained from the byproducts of the pulpwood's resins. It is suggested that
1795:
867:
595:
might be a valuable remedy to treat the kidney, and can be administered as a rub or in a steam bath.
17:
1642:
1572:
610:
Several species of bark beetles attack southern pines including pond pine, the beetles include the
217:
1772:
1513:
1454:
1170:
734:
577:
has poor form and relatively slow growth, it can produce economically valuable tree stands of for
1663:
1834:
1213:"A Study of Sympatric Populations of Pinus taeda L. and Pinus serotina Michx. in North Carolina"
1733:
1650:
1534:
611:
311:
244:
201:
1808:
953:
1759:
1614:
691:
Unlike loblolly pines, pond pines have the ability to grow needles directly from the trunk.
1446:
Pinus serotina: Farjon, A.: The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2013: e.T42414A2978464
8:
50:
1821:
1583:
810:
495:, due to similar requirements for frequent fire and pond pines needs fire to germinate.
403:
cones are cylinder-shaped with a yellow, brownish color, and are up to 1.8 inches long.
1868:
1343:
1232:
80:
1324:"The Effect of Drainage on the Establishment and Growth of Pond Pine (Pinus Serotina)"
1050:"Pinus - definition of Pinus - synonyms, pronunciation, spelling from Free Dictionary"
977:
645:
is habitat loss of wet flatlands, peat-rich soils, sandy wet flatlands, and pocosins.
602:
may be useful in treating diseases of the mucous membrane and respiratory complaints.
1803:
1601:
1224:
1150:
866:. Vol. 2. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
759:
185:
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861:
711:
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1449:
1420:
1335:
904:
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532:
serotina are -10 degrees F and 110 degrees F. The average annual precipitation for
1412:
1026:"Alphabetical species list of plants discovered by André Michaux in the Carolinas"
433:
260:
1424:
1388:
1073:
1476:
926:
783:
1901:
1816:
1557:
838:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company (published 1962). p. 50.
622:
110:
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will grow needles and little branches directly from the trunk, similar to the
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269:
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395: in) long with small prickles on the scales. Its cones are usually
1681:
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514:
396:
315:
123:
1707:
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41:
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365:(pitch pine), but the pitch pines will only grow in drier areas. The
331:
1528:
1339:
1097:
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1551:
578:
163:
1720:
1632:
1147:
National
Wildlife Federation field guide to trees of North America
1074:"Pinus serotina (pond pine) description - The Gymnosperm Database"
503:
488:
323:
319:
153:
143:
133:
1619:
1098:"Pinus rigida subsp. serotina | International Plant Names Index"
326:. Pond pine distribution may be starting to spread west towards
400:
440:
is a large genus of evergreen conifer trees. The species name
349:
97:
703:
343:
307:
304:
173:
1448:(Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature.
411:. In some cases, they will drop their seeds, but in most
1251:"Pinus serotina in Flora of North America @ efloras.org"
491:. This species is often associated with long leaf pine,
860:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1145:
Kershner, Bruce; Mathews, Daniel; Nelson, Gil (2008).
1389:"Pine Bark Beetles | NC State Extension Publications"
1144:
893:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1475:Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of North Carolina:
663:as a species of least concern (LC) for extinction.
1322:Graham, Ben F.; Rebuck, Allen L. (January 1958).
1280:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
1217:Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
1200:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
1888:
1469:
1514:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42414A2978464.en
1455:10.2305/iucn.uk.2013-1.rlts.t42414a2978464.en
1365:"medicinal herbs: POND PINE - Pinus serotina"
915:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
735:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42414A2978464.en
675:Pond pine cones are smaller and rounder than
1321:
863:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
605:
310:found along the Southeastern portion of the
954:"Pond Pine: Plant Care & Growing Guide"
1488:
1210:
1149:. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.
709:
268:
59:
40:
1512:
1453:
733:
458:has also been considered a subspecies of
1907:Least concern flora of the United States
884:
1211:Saylor, LeRoy C.; Kang, Ke Won (1973).
913:United States Department of Agriculture
633:
14:
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1796:85ce0d1c-9afb-4b11-aab0-97ab06a987de
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314:of the United States, from southern
1897:IUCN Red List least concern species
1500:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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721:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
1277:Silvics of North America: Conifers
1197:Silvics of North America: Conifers
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1848:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263315-1
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407:need two years to mature after
834:Grimm, William Carey (1966) .
827:
630:), a fungal disease of pines.
621:also faces red heart disease (
399:, requiring fire to open. The
372:is very similar to the common
337:
13:
1:
1369:www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net
696:
539:is between 44 and 55 inches.
506:and improving water quality.
1425:10.1079/cabicompendium.41713
1413:"Pinus serotina (pond pine)"
927:"Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)"
909:United States Forest Service
784:"Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)"
7:
885:Bramlett, David L. (1990).
872:Harvard University Herbaria
421:
10:
1928:
1478:Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)
1274:Burns, Russell M. (1990).
1194:Burns, Russell M. (1990).
638:The primary threat to the
542:
476:
294:black bark pine, bay pine,
1912:Trees of Northern America
1541:
868:Missouri Botanical Garden
606:Diseases and other issues
432:was described in 1803 by
276:
267:
250:
243:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
901:Silvics of North America
565:
1299:"Pinus serotina Michx"
1122:"Pinus serotina Michx"
1054:www.freedictionary.org
1002:"Pinus serotina Michx"
870:, St. Louis, MO &
811:"USDA Plants Database"
788:www.carolinanature.com
312:Atlantic coastal plain
852:Kral, Robert (1993).
322:and west to southern
1507:: e.T42414A2978464.
1393:content.ces.ncsu.edu
728:: e.T42414A2978464.
634:Conservation statues
612:Southern pine beetle
1489:Farjon, A. (2013).
1444:IUCN (2011-04-11).
1303:www.srs.fs.usda.gov
1126:www.srs.fs.usda.gov
764:plants.ces.ncsu.edu
710:Farjon, A. (2013).
659:, is listed by the
51:Conservation status
982:conifersociety.org
931:carolinanature.com
27:Species of conifer
1884:
1883:
1804:Open Tree of Life
1535:Taxon identifiers
1156:978-1-4027-3875-3
836:The Book of Trees
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1223:(1/2): 101–110.
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1171:"Pinus serotina"
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1006:srs.fs.usda.gov
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903:. Vol. 1.
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1573:Pinus serotina
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1543:Pinus serotina
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1493:Pinus serotina
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1419:. 2022-01-07.
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1822:kew-2562132
1768:NatureServe
1703:iNaturalist
1567:Wikispecies
1520:12 November
1461:12 November
741:12 November
409:pollination
338:Description
328:Mississippi
297:marsh pine,
1891:Categories
1817:Plant List
1430:2023-11-13
1398:2023-11-12
1374:2023-11-12
1308:2023-11-12
1260:2023-11-12
1180:2020-10-07
1131:2023-10-18
1107:2023-11-29
1083:2023-11-12
1059:2023-11-12
1035:2023-11-13
1011:2023-11-12
987:2023-10-18
963:2023-11-13
958:The Spruce
936:2023-11-12
820:2023-11-12
793:2023-11-12
769:2023-11-12
697:References
515:pitch pine
405:Seed cones
397:serotinous
316:New Jersey
182:Subgenus:
130:Division:
35:Pond pine
1669:210001651
1656:210001651
1334:(1): 33.
1229:0013-6220
624:Phellinus
519:P. rigida
473:(1880)).
332:Tennessee
318:south to
290:pond pine
230:Species:
223:Australes
221:subsect.
207:Trifoliae
198:Section:
144:Pinopsida
134:Pinophyta
94:Kingdom:
18:Pond pine
1861:24900216
1856:Tropicos
1773:2.147377
1734:10195426
1721:263315-1
1558:Q2703233
1552:Wikidata
1237:24333426
911:(USFS),
896:Conifers
657:serotina
650:serotina
643:serotina
619:serotina
600:serotina
593:serotina
586:serotina
579:pulpwood
575:serotina
559:serotina
551:serotina
537:serotina
526:serotina
511:serotina
500:serotina
489:pocosins
485:serotina
471:serotina
456:serotina
442:serotina
430:serotina
422:Taxonomy
416:serotina
370:serotina
354:serotina
164:Pinaceae
160:Family:
71:IUCN 3.1
1682:5285602
1620:1033635
1348:1929964
1328:Ecology
543:Ecology
504:erosion
477:Habitat
469:subsp.
390:⁄
324:Alabama
320:Florida
170:Genus:
154:Pinales
150:Order:
140:Class:
98:Plantae
69: (
1830:PLANTS
1809:592145
1793:NZOR:
1786:188934
1747:183378
1708:135664
1695:316785
1643:pinser
1640:FEIS:
1581:AoFP:
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679:cones.
463:rigida
401:pollen
362:rigida
288:, the
261:Michx.
205:sect.
189:subg.
1902:Pinus
1760:42414
1729:IRMNG
1633:PIUSE
1607:6VKSL
1591:APA:
1344:JSTOR
1233:JSTOR
654:Pinus
647:Pinus
640:Pinus
616:Pinus
597:Pinus
590:Pinus
583:Pinus
572:Pinus
556:Pinus
548:Pinus
534:Pinus
530:Pinus
523:Pinus
508:Pinus
497:Pinus
482:Pinus
460:Pinus
453:Pinus
449:taeda
446:Pinus
438:Pinus
427:Pinus
413:Pinus
378:taeda
375:Pinus
367:Pinus
359:Pinus
350:Pinus
342:This
303:is a
191:Pinus
175:Pinus
118:Clade
105:Clade
1843:POWO
1835:PISE
1781:NCBI
1755:IUCN
1742:ITIS
1716:IPNI
1690:GRIN
1677:GBIF
1628:EPPO
1584:3921
1522:2021
1505:2013
1463:2021
1225:ISSN
1151:ISBN
743:2021
726:2013
627:pini
566:Uses
344:pine
330:and
308:tree
305:pine
1869:WFO
1664:FoC
1651:FNA
1615:EoL
1602:CoL
1594:214
1509:doi
1450:doi
1421:doi
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299:or
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