993:
867:. The path of the Via di Grotta Pinta, near the Via dei Chiavari, also roughly follows the outline of the theatre's original stage. Deep within the recesses of basements and wine cellars of buildings located in the Campo de' Fiori, arches and fragments of the theatre's walls and foundations can still be seen. The ground plan of the Palazzo Pio also reveals that many of the supporting spokes of the theatre were re-purposed into walls for new rooms. The arches that were left after the theatre’s abandonment even led to the name of the aforementioned Santa Maria di Grotta Pinta (i.e. the "painted grotto").
68:
881:
890:
863:, which used much of the bone-coloured travertine for its exterior from the theatre. The large red and grey columns used in its courtyard are from the porticoes of the theatre's upper covered seating; however, they were originally taken from the theatre to build the old Basilica of S. Lorenzo. And while the theatre itself is no longer discernible, the imprint of the building itself can still be detected; the structure’s semicircular form can today be traced by walking east from the Campo de' Fiori through the
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38:
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691:. Regardless, the Theatre of Pompey continued to be the main location for plays, both due to its splendour and its size. In fact, the site was often considered the premiere theatre throughout its entire life. Seeking association with the great theatre, others constructed their own in and around the area of Pompey's. This led to the eventual establishment of a theatre district, in the most literal sense.
60:
832:. By the 12th century, buildings had started to encroach upon the remains; two churches, Santa Barbara and Santa Maria in Grotta Pinta were constructed on the site, with the latter probably having been built over one of the theatre's access corridors. However, the floor plan of the old theatre was still recognizable. In 1140, one source referred to the ruins as the
976:(1795–1856) was the first to undertake serious research on the theatre. Canina examined what ruins he could and then combined this information with Vitruvius' famous description of a Roman theatre, thereby producing a working plan of the theatre. Later in 1837, Victoire Baltard used Canina's work, as well as information gleaned from the
958:. Piranesi seems to have been basing his drawings largely on what he could imagine, as in the legend for "A Demonstration of the Current Remains of the Theatre of Pompey", he explicitly mentions that these etchings illustrate what the theatre would look like if modern structures were removed from the site (
1134:
In order to build the theatre as a permanent stone structure, a number of things were done, including building outside the city walls. By dedicating the theatre to Venus
Victrix and building the temple central within the cavea, Pompey made the structure a large shrine to his personal deity. He also
1032:
in the 1920s and 1930s. The scarce remains of the theatre itself can be found off the Via di Grotta Pinta underground. Vaults from the original theatre can be found in the cellar rooms of restaurants off this street, as well as in the walls of the hotel
Albergo Sole al Biscione. The foundations of
1020:
exhibiting collections of paintings and sculpture as well as a large space suitable for holding public gatherings and meetings made the facility an attraction to Romans for many reasons. Lavish fountains were fed by water purchased from a nearby aqueduct and stored. It is not known if the water
1070:
Rome had no permanent theatres within the city walls until this one. Theatres and amphitheatres were temporary wooden structures that could be assembled and disassembled quickly. Attempts to build permanent stone structures were always halted by political figures or simply did not come to full
1086:
would come to copy Pompey's use of the spoils of war to illustrate and glorify his own triumphs when building his forum which in turn would be copied by emperors. The use of public space incorporating temple architecture for personal political ambition was taken from
567:
built near the top of the theatre's seating; Pompey then claimed that he had "not a theatre, but rather a temple of Venus to which I have added the steps of a theatre". This was done, according to
Tertullian, to avoid censure but the claim was likely in jest.
717:
but it did not survive
Sejanus' downfall. The Tiberian restorations were completed under Caligula but dedicated by Claudius. During Claudius' restorations, his name – along with that of Tiberius – were inscribed next to that of Pompey.
1139:. The entire complex is built directly off the older section which directs the structure's layout. In this manner, the structure had a day-to-day religious context and incorporates an older series of temples into the newer structure.
1008:
of all the Roman theatres. This area, located behind the stage and within an enclosure, was used by patrons between acts or productions to stroll, purchase refreshments or just to escape to the covered porticoes from the sun or rain.
828:, the building was also regularly flooded which caused further damage. Nevertheless, the concrete core of the building remained standing in the 9th century AD, as a pilgrim guidebook from that time still listed the site as a
1037:
remain, but are obscured, having been overbuilt and extended. Over building throughout the centuries has resulted in the surviving ruins of the theatre's main structure becoming incorporated within modern structures.
949:
was split on the
Western side, where the ancient stairs to the Temple of Venus would have been located. The image also prominently shows a remaining substructure arch that originally would have supported the
1066:
on which they are based. However, Roman theatres have specific differences, such as being built upon their own foundations instead of earthen works or a hillside and being completely enclosed on all sides.
448:
for political meetings. The senate would often use this building along with a number of temples and halls that satisfied the requirements for their formal meetings. The curia is infamous as the place where
544:. If any inspiration came from the theatre there, it must have been largely reworked or discarded, as Rome's urban geography made such a project unadaptable. Construction began around 61
384:
1821:
945:
Another etching, entitled "The
Remains of the Theatre of Pompey", shows a more artistic view of the structure. This illustration, facing the south-east, postulates that the remaining
5764:
1115:– the seating area – had a diameter of around 150–160 metres; the scaena measured approximately 95 metres. This created acoustic issues requiring different techniques to overcome.
928:), illustrates, from both a top-down and a cross-section perspective, a view of the ruins. This illustration suggests that the only remnants of the once-great structure in the 18th
969:
Victoire
Baltard's 1837 archaeological plan of the theatre. In the centre is a top-down view of the remains. At the top are two cross-sections showing what is left of the theatre.
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and those prior to the dictator. Using religious associations and ritual for personal glorification and political propaganda were an attempt to project a public image.
910:. These rather imaginative engravings show what the theatre would have looked like in the mid-18th century, if the buildings built on top of the ruin had been removed.
851:
Today, not much remains visible of the once majestic theatre, as the vestiges of the structure have entirely been enveloped by the structures that lie between the
1109:
sections of the theatre is attached directly to the auditorium, making both a single structure enclosed all around, whereas Greek theatres separate the two. The
377:
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4554:
788:
A catalogue compiled at the end of the 4th century recorded that the theatre's seating capacity was 22,888 persons. A modern estimate of capacity, in the 1992
1074:
Pompey was supposedly inspired to build his theatre from a visit to the Greek theatre of
Mytilene on Lesbos. The structure may have been a counterpart to the
942:) through which spectators would have entered the complex were still preserved. However, much of the height of the building had long ago been stripped away.
2733:
444:
were rooms dedicated to the exposition of art and other works collected by Pompey during his campaigns. On the opposite end of the garden complex was the
1849:
1024:
The remains of the east side of the quadriporticus, and three of four temples from an earlier period often associated with the theatre can be seen on the
1021:
supply would have been enough to run the waterworks for more than a few hours a day, or if some other supply allowed the fountains to run nearly nonstop.
804:(535–554) there was no need for a large theatre because the population of Rome had declined drastically. As such, the theatre was allowed to deteriorate.
1118:
This architecture was the model for nearly all future theatres of Rome and throughout the empire. Notable structures that used a similar style are the
1013:
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was the statue of the goddess herself. Only the head, the arms, and the legs were of marble: the other parts, covered by the dress, were of bronze.
538:. However, this is likely mistaken, as the theatre at Mytilene would have been built into a hill-side and, unlike Pompey's theatre, did not have a
5416:
551:
Prior to its construction, permanent stone theatres had been forbidden, and so to side-step this issue, Pompey had the structure built in the
587:
that dates the dedication to Pompey's third consulship in 52 BC; in the letter, Pompey requests clarification as to whether to inscribe
5021:
848:
was built and the remaining parts of the theatre were quarried to supply stone for many newer buildings which still exist in modern Rome.
709:. The theatre burned in AD 21 and afterwards, Tiberius reconstructed the portions destroyed. During the reconstructions, a statue of
3324:
632:, a renowned tragic actor, was brought out of retirement in order to act in the theatre's opening show. The show was also accompanied by
992:
800:, the structure was once again renovated between AD 507–511. However, this renovation would be its last. Following the destructive
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Tiberius initiated a reconstruction of the part of the theatre that had been destroyed by fire which was completed during the reign of
113:
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I: "Te quoque lux eadem Turni soror aede recepit/Hic, ubi
Virginea Campus obitur aqua", thus placing the temple of Juturna near the
672:. At the time, the Roman Senate had been using various venues to conduct business, as the Senate House itself was under renovation.
652:. Other events were also held around the city in the celebrations, including musical and gymnastic contests along with horse races.
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Enclosed by the large columned porticos was an expansive garden complex of fountains and statues. Along the stretch of the covered
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1028:. The fourth temple remains largely covered by the modern streets of Rome. This archaeological site was excavated by order of
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incorporated four
Republican temples from an earlier period in a section called the "Sacred Area" in what is today known as
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17:
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Gagliardo, Maria; Packer, James (2006). "A New Look at Pompey's Theater: History, Documentation, and Recent Excavation".
676:
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BC), Caesar used the theatre to celebrate the triumph over Pompey's forces in Africa. The theatre itself was the site of
5421:
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836:, whereas another referred to it as the "temple of Cneus pompeii". In 1150, Johannes de Ceca is reputed to have sold a
266:
1241:
AD, this temple was restored, and the white and black mosaic of the inner temple cell dates back to this restoration.
1209:, a temple devoted to the "Luck of the Current Day". The colossal statue found during excavations and now kept in the
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844:. In 1296, the site of the theatre was turned into a fortress by the Orsini. Later in the Middle Ages, the square of
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before him, Baltard also created a sketch of what the ruins would look like were they to be completely excavated.
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in AD 476, the Theatre of Pompey remained in use and when the city of Rome came under the dominion of the
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697:, in 32 BC, renovated the theatre and moved the statute of Pompey at which Caesar was murdered from the
433:. Completed in 55 BC, it was the first permanent theatre to be built in Rome. Its ruins are located at
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2708:. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 5. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press.
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century. The first, entitled "A Demonstration of the Current Remains of the Theatre of Pompey" (
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1822:"The Roman antiquities, t. 4, Plate XXXVIII. Vista of today's surplus of the Theatre of Pompey"
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599:. It may be, however, that different portions of the theatre – the theatre proper, the
575:
reports its dedication in 55 BC, the year of Pompey's second consulship. However,
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protratta secondo il giro delle moderne fabbriche situate sullo rovine della medesima
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1260:, but only a small part of it has been excavated (a street covers the most of it).
1029:
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1911 illustration of Theatre of Pompey originally constructed on the Campus Martius
675:
For forty years, the theatre was the only permanent theatre located in Rome, until
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765:. The fire burned again in AD 247 and was later restored under the emperors
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gilded the interior of the temple for the visit of Tiridates in AD 66. The
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Pompey’s Politics and the Presentation of His Theatre-Temple Complex, 61–52 BCE
1142:
1001:
920:, who made two notable etchings depicting the theatre in the middle of the 18th
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552:
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348:
317:
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37:
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1078:. The completion of this structure may also have prompted the building of the
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530:. According to Plutarch, Pompey was inspired by his visit in 62 BC to a
450:
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276:
128:
115:
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Pompey paid for this theatre to gain political popularity during his second
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Following Pompey's defeat and subsequent assassination in 48 BC during the
466:
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1850:"Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Sketch of the Remains of the Theatrum Pompei"
1356:
563:(the territory immediately outside the city). Pompey also had a temple to
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century were portions of the seating closest to the orchestra, or the
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5226:
4041:
3776:
3382:
3233:
2641:
2271:
2130:
649:
633:
251:
3302:
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The architecture of Roman temples: the republic to the middle empire
2305:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome: Seven-volume set
2256:"The Theatre of Pompey: staging the self through Roman architecture"
840:, or round structure (i.e. the theatre curve) to an ancestor of the
5664:
4956:
3981:
3856:
3097:
1184:
BC. It was later rebuilt into a church; its apse is still present.
1177:
1095:
898:"A Demonstration of the Current Remains of the Theatre of Pompey" (
816:
Graphic of modern Rome in grey and the white overlay of the theatre
778:
770:
752:
738:
734:
694:
535:
338:
221:
2026:
916:
One of the first individuals to draw the ruins of the theatre was
4941:
2634:
From Mycenae to Constantinople: the evolution of the ancient city
1825:
1164:
889:
710:
261:
880:
605:, and the adjoining temple – were completed at different times.
4966:
3112:
2833:
2761:
2736:(article in Platner's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome)
1703:
The Notitia... and the Theatre of Pompey with its 22,888 seats.
580:
527:
353:
271:
246:
231:
226:
1219:
is the most ancient of the four, dating back to the 4th or 3rd
859:. The largest intact sections of the theatre are found in the
5361:
2483:
Imperium and Cosmos: Augustus and the Northern Campus Martius
1253:
1190:, a circular temple with six columns remaining, was built by
1088:
1034:
1005:
825:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1247:
is the largest of the four; it dates back to the 2nd century
1126:, both of which can be seen on the marble plan of the city.
1102:
allowed for a free standing Roman theatre and amphitheatre.
936:. Piranesi specifically notes that four of the large doors (
59:
2089:
2084:
This identification is preferred over the one as Temple of
1346:
1344:
742:
2662:
Ancient and Medieval Theatre: A Historiographical Handbook
513:), as it was "always the most important theatre in Rome".
2802:
1669:
1251:
BC with Late Republican restorations, and was devoted to
751:
burned in a large fire in AD 80 and was restored by
5765:
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
1341:
721:
The porticos and theatre were maintained for centuries.
759:; one Quinus Acilius Fuscus is noted by inscription as
1910:
926:
Dimonstrazione del Odierno Avanzo del Teatro di Pompeo
807:
477:
The Theatre of Pompey had a number of names in Latin.
608:
Two performances are associated with the dedication:
559:, or sacred boundary, that divided the city from the
1519:
1507:
1016:
contained statues of great artists and actors. Long
5755:
1st-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
2578:
A Concise Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
2514:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 383–85.
1982:
1412:
1371:
1033:the theatre as well as part of the first level and
655:
1970:
636:matches featuring exotic animals. The showing of
571:The sources on the dedication are contradictory.
5746:
1844:
1842:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1004:had multiple uses. The building had the largest
640:proved an opportunity for Pompey to restage his
2329:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1793:
1752:
1714:
1556:, p. 384, citing Vell. Pat. 2.130.1; Tac.
1466:The politics of public space in republican Rome
2511:A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome
1698:History of the city of Rome in the middle ages
902:) and "The Remains of the Theatre of Pompey" (
790:A new topographical dictionary of ancient Rome
644:from 61 BC, representing himself both as
3318:
2818:
2632:Tomlinson, Richard Allan (October 22, 1992).
2122:Auditorium Acoustics and Architectural Design
1839:
1741:
1720:
378:
2473:The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome
1907:Note: The image being referred to is Fig. 6.
1811:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1322:, p. 384, citing Fast. Amit. 12 August.
1129:
980:to construct a more refined plan. Much like
483:was most common, but it was also called the
42:A 3D reconstruction of the Theatre of Pompey
5417:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
2679:
1781:
1694:
1469:. Cambridge University Press. p. 165.
1110:
792:, places its capacity at 11,000. After the
760:
746:
704:
698:
600:
594:
588:
539:
508:
498:
488:
478:
5568:
5302:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
3325:
3311:
2825:
2811:
2507:
2206:Rome: a living portrait of an ancient city
2054:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1682:
1654:
1633:
1617:
1605:
1585:
1569:
1553:
1537:
1489:
1446:
1430:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1350:
1331:
1319:
1299:
1237:goddess of fertility. After the fire of 80
385:
371:
2631:
2419:
2066:
2042:
1928:
1852:. Theatrum Pompei Project. Archived from
1769:
1758:
741:rededicated the Temple of Venus Victrix;
67:
5790:Burned buildings and structures in Italy
5467:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
4385:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
2348:A History of Roman Art, Enhanced Edition
2176:
1999:
1997:
1775:
1492:, p. 384, citing Vell. Pat. 2.48.2.
1389:
1141:
1045:
991:
964:
811:
755:. There were further restorations under
2699:
2585:
2469:
2442:
2344:
2302:
2260:Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome
2229:Roman Tragedy: Theatre to Theatricality
2147:
2036:
2032:
2020:
2009:
1940:
1916:
1462:
1395:
1362:
870:
14:
5747:
5402:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
4390:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
2612:
2550:Roman Theatres: An Architectural Study
2528:
2392:
2365:
2253:
2226:
2118:
2100:, which ended at the Baths of Agrippa.
2060:
1964:
1952:
1735:
1701:. George Bell & Sons. p. 45.
1525:
1513:
1501:
1418:
1406:
1377:
90:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
4670:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio
3332:
3306:
2806:
2680:Young, Norwood; Murray, John (1908).
2658:
2574:
2480:
2203:
2179:Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture
2072:
2048:
2003:
1994:
1988:
1799:
5077:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
4425:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
2615:Public needs & private pleasures
2547:
2351:(1 ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
2177:Boëthius, Axel; et al. (1978).
1976:
1062:are similar to those of the earlier
425:built during the latter part of the
5093:Column of the Immaculate Conception
5022:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
3017:Lex Gabinia de piratis persequendis
2333:Archaeological Institute of America
808:From the Middle Ages to the present
762:procurator operis Theatri Pompeiani
725:restored parts of the complex in 32
677:Lucius Cornelius Balbus the Younger
24:
5422:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
4375:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2692:
2683:Handbook for Rome and the Campagna
2397:(6th US ed.). Prentice-Hall.
2151:The Roman Theatre and Its Audience
1892:
1866:
25:
5801:
5372:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
5337:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
3813:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
2740:The Temple above Pompey's Theater
2722:
2111:
1608:, p. 384, citing Dio 60.6.8.
5437:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
5382:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
5332:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
5322:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
3783:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
3284:
3283:
2760:
2734:Theatrum Pompeii at LacusCurtius
1227:BC, and was probably devoted to
1146:The temples in the "Sacred Area"
888:
879:
794:fall of the Western Roman Empire
656:Post-Pompey and the Roman Empire
182:
66:
58:
52:
36:
5442:National Museum of Oriental Art
5342:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
4771:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari
4756:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
3269:The Tragedy of Pompey the Great
2106:
2078:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1886:
1869:"Excavations and Early Studies"
1860:
1787:
1708:
1695:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1894).
1688:
1648:
1627:
1611:
1599:
1579:
1563:
1547:
1531:
1495:
1483:
1456:
1440:
1424:
1041:
5785:Assassination of Julius Caesar
5760:Ancient Roman theatres in Rome
5462:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
4257:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
2665:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2420:Middleton, John Henry (1892).
2210:Johns Hopkins University Press
1325:
1313:
1293:
987:
302:Assassination of Julius Caesar
13:
1:
3067:Temple of Hercules Pompeianus
2491:University of Wisconsin Press
2470:Platner, Samuel Ball (1911).
2368:The Making of Theatre History
2366:Kuritz, Paul (October 1987).
1287:
1054:shows the Theatre of Pompey.
1000:The structure and connecting
713:was set up in the theatre on
5427:Museum of Roman Civilization
5357:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
4836:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
4380:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
2532:A Companion to Latin studies
2445:Mussolini's Rome: Rebuilding
2443:Painter, B (March 6, 2007).
2148:Beacham, Richard C. (1996).
1620:, p. 385, citing Plin.
1588:, p. 384, citing Suet.
1449:, p. 384, citing Gell.
1433:, p. 384, citing Tert.
1334:, p. 384, citing Suet.
1302:, p. 384, citing Plin.
7:
5519:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
5397:Museo di Roma in Trastevere
5367:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
5103:Hospital of the Holy Spirit
4675:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
4282:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
4252:Catacombs of San Sebastiano
2529:Sandys, John Edwin (1910).
2422:The Remains of Ancient Rome
2395:The companion guide to Rome
1806:Gagliardo & Packer 2006
1794:Gagliardo & Packer 2006
1753:Gagliardo & Packer 2006
1715:Gagliardo & Packer 2006
1572:, p. 384, citing Sen.
1540:, p. 384, citing Aug.
1263:
865:Palazzo Orsini Pio Righetti
10:
5806:
5660:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
4746:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
4520:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
4515:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
3788:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
2832:
2617:. L'Erma di Bretscheider.
2596:Cambridge University Press
2541:Cambridge University Press
2476:. Boston, Allyn and Bacon.
1897:. King's Visualisation Lab
918:Giovanni Battista Piranesi
908:Giovanni Battista Piranesi
516:
418:
80:Shown within Augustan Rome
5726:
5698:
5638:
5616:
5561:
5480:
5452:Palazzo delle Esposizioni
5290:
5240:
5126:
5065:
4919:
4881:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
4781:Palazzo della Cancelleria
4733:
4713:
4363:
4322:
4227:
4204:
4179:Column of Marcus Aurelius
4166:
4084:
4019:
3959:Basilica of Junius Bassus
3937:
3875:
3803:Temple of Hercules Victor
3793:Temple of Apollo Sosianus
3768:
3732:
3707:
3640:
3620:Arch of Septimius Severus
3587:
3576:
3542:
3340:
3278:
3225:
3192:
3166:
3128:
3121:
3090:
3059:
3050:Lex Pompeia de provinciis
3001:
2969:
2936:
2918:
2880:
2847:
2840:
2716:– via LacusCurtius.
2393:Masson, Georgina (1983).
2303:Gagarin, Michael (2009).
2237:University of Texas Press
2204:Dyson, Stephen L (2010).
1277:Roman theatre (structure)
1130:Associated temple complex
861:Palazzo della Cancelleria
521:
169:
159:
154:
144:
107:
101:Regio IX Circus Flaminius
95:
88:
47:
35:
5650:Appian Way Regional Park
5457:Pigorini National Museum
5377:Museo Civico di Zoologia
5012:della Piazza dei Quiriti
4724:List of churches in Rome
4665:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
4490:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
4465:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
4450:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
4430:S. Apollinare alle Terme
4410:S. Anastasia al Palatino
4395:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
4174:Column of Antoninus Pius
3851:Largo di Torre Argentina
3823:Temple of Minerva Medica
3818:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
2659:Vince, Ronald W (1984).
2586:Stamper, John W (2005).
2345:Kleiner, Fred S (2010).
2160:Harvard University Press
2119:Barron, Michael (2009).
1873:King's Visualisation Lab
1192:Quintus Lutatius Catulus
1161:BC, and is probably the
1137:Largo di Torre Argentina
1026:Largo di Torre Argentina
857:Largo di Torre Argentina
472:
469:on 15 March 44 BC.
465:during a session of the
435:Largo di Torre Argentina
5538:Portonaccio sarcophagus
5525:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
5502:Colossus of Constantine
5497:Augustus of Prima Porta
5472:Venanzo Crocetti Museum
5432:Museum of the Ara Pacis
5407:Museo Nazionale Etrusco
5327:Galleria Doria Pamphilj
5217:Via della Conciliazione
5177:Piazza della Repubblica
4806:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
4761:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
4600:S. Maria della Vittoria
4495:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
4445:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
4400:S. Agnese fuori le mura
3867:Porta Maggiore Basilica
3568:Obelisk of Montecitorio
2575:Smith, William (1898).
2558:Oxford University Press
2313:Oxford University Press
1782:Young & Murray 1908
1058:The characteristics of
27:Theatre in Ancient Rome
5708:Festa della Repubblica
5548:Sistine Chapel ceiling
5412:Museo Nazionale Romano
5282:Parco degli Acquedotti
5262:Villa Borghese gardens
5222:Via dei Fori Imperiali
4796:Palazzo della Consulta
4680:S. Silvestro in Capite
4585:S. Maria in Trastevere
4580:S. Maria sopra Minerva
4555:S. Maria in Montesanto
4415:S. Andrea delle Fratte
4287:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
4272:Mausoleum of Maxentius
4242:Catacombs of Domitilla
4150:Villa of the Quintilii
3200:Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
2638:Abingdon-on-Thames, UK
2613:Taylor, Rabun (2001).
2508:Richardson, L (1992).
2372:Upper Saddle River, NJ
2254:Erasmo, Mario (2020).
2227:Erasmo, Mario (2010).
2127:Abingdon-on-Thames, UK
1772:, a-67, b-66–67, c-69.
1657:, p. 385, citing
1636:, p. 385, citing
1282:List of Roman theatres
1170:Gaius Lutatius Catulus
1147:
1111:
1055:
1050:The 32nd plate of the
997:
970:
817:
761:
747:
705:
699:
670:Caesar's assassination
601:
595:
589:
579:preserves a letter by
540:
509:
499:
489:
479:
414:
406:
164:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
5700:Events and traditions
5507:La Bocca della Verità
5352:Jewish Museum of Rome
4846:Palazzo del Quirinale
4690:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
4550:S. Maria degli Angeli
4540:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
4420:S. Andrea della Valle
4262:Mausoleum of Augustus
4196:Five-Columns Monument
4144:Insula dell'Ara Coeli
3996:Portico Dii Consentes
3964:Basilica of Maxentius
3043:Lex Pompeia de ambitu
2938:Third Mithridatic War
2769:at Wikimedia Commons
2729:The Theatre of Pompey
2187:Yale University Press
1856:on February 17, 2012.
1463:Russell, Amy (2015).
1207:Fortunae Huiusce Diei
1145:
1049:
995:
968:
815:
662:Great Roman Civil War
421:, was a structure in
173:62 – 55 or 52 BC
129:41.89528°N 12.47361°E
18:Pompey's Theatre
5553:Velletri Sarcophagus
5513:Laocoön and His Sons
5267:Villa Doria Pamphili
5172:Piazza della Minerva
4997:di Piazza d'Aracoeli
4886:Palazzo del Viminale
4831:Palazzo di Giustizia
4660:Sacro Cuore di Maria
4645:Ss. Quattro Coronati
4630:S. Pietro in Vincoli
4615:S. Nicola in Carcere
4610:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
4595:S. Maria in Via Lata
4570:S. Maria in Aracoeli
4560:S. Maria in Cosmedin
4535:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
4530:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
4525:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
4470:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
4455:S. Camillo de Lellis
4071:Theatre of Marcellus
3843:House of the Vestals
3002:Legislative activity
2779:Theatre of Marcellus
2548:Sear, Frank (2006).
2481:Rehak, Paul (2009).
1624:33.54; Dio 62.6.1–2.
1202:over Cimbri; it was
1198:BC to celebrate his
1153:was built in the 3rd
1120:Theatre of Marcellus
871:Excavation and study
715:decree of the senate
5073:Altare della Patria
4734:Castles and palaces
4605:S. Martino ai Monti
4575:S. Maria del Popolo
4565:S. Maria in Domnica
4510:S. Francesca Romana
4480:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
4302:Tombs of Via Latina
4297:Tomb of the Scipios
4292:Tomb of the Haterii
4267:Mausoleum of Helena
4066:Stadium of Domitian
4056:Gardens of Maecenas
4032:Circus of Maxentius
3969:Basilica of Neptune
3946:Basilica Argentaria
3750:Baths of Diocletian
3723:Cloaca Circi Maximi
3595:Arch of Constantine
3563:Obelisk of Minerveo
3255:The Death of Pompey
3010:Lex Gellia Cornelia
1052:Severan Map of Rome
798:Ostrogothic Kingdom
646:Alexander the Great
490:Theatrum Pompeianum
191:Part of a series on
125: /
32:
5770:Rome R. VI Parione
5718:Rome Film Festival
5680:Villa Aldobrandini
5307:Capitoline Museums
5152:Clivus Capitolinus
4811:Palazzo Giustinani
4751:Castel Sant'Angelo
4695:S. Stefano Rotondo
4277:Pyramid of Cestius
4126:Palace of Domitian
4061:Gardens of Sallust
3908:Forum of Vespasian
3828:Temple of Portunus
3745:Baths of Caracalla
3030:Eastern settlement
2971:Caesar's civil war
2788:Theatre of Pompey
2700:Plutarch (1917) .
2453:Palgrave Macmillan
2051:, pp. 626–27.
1784:, pp. 240–41.
1211:Capitoline Museums
1148:
1056:
998:
971:
818:
500:Theatrum Marmoreum
312:Battle of Philippi
307:Second Triumvirate
297:Caesar's Civil War
134:41.89528; 12.47361
30:
5742:
5741:
5713:Rome Quadriennale
5640:Metropolitan City
5634:
5633:
5317:Galleria Borghese
5192:Piazza San Pietro
5167:Piazza del Popolo
5162:Piazza d'Aracoeli
5135:and public spaces
5017:di Piazza Nicosia
5007:di Piazza Farnese
5002:di Piazza Colonna
4876:Palazzo Valentini
4766:Palazzo Barberini
4460:S. Carlo al Corso
4359:
4358:
4350:Ponte Sant'Angelo
4307:Tomb of Priscilla
4247:Catacombs of Rome
4121:House of Augustus
4110:Domus Transitoria
4076:Theatre of Pompey
4003:Porticus Octaviae
3893:Forum of Augustus
3798:Temple of Hadrian
3610:Arch of Gallienus
3600:Arch of Dolabella
3558:Flaminian Obelisk
3334:Landmarks of Rome
3300:
3299:
3248:Caesar and Pompey
3221:
3220:
3077:Portico of Pompey
3072:Theatre of Pompey
2997:
2996:
2849:Sulla's civil war
2801:
2800:
2791:Succeeded by
2785:Landmarks of Rome
2767:Theatre of Pompey
2765:Media related to
2755:Roma Online Guide
2746: 39:360‑366)
2672:978-0-313-24107-9
2651:978-0-415-05998-5
2624:978-88-8265-100-8
2567:978-0-19-814469-4
2521:978-0-8018-4300-6
2462:978-1-4039-8002-1
2435:978-1-148-09793-0
2385:978-0-13-547861-5
2219:978-0-8018-9254-7
2169:978-0-674-77914-3
2140:978-1-135-21925-3
2075:, pp. 75–76.
1755:, pp. 95–98.
1596:21.1; Dio 60.6.8.
1576:224; Dio 57.21.3.
1124:Theatre of Balbus
834:Theatrum Pompeium
822:Early Middle Ages
757:Septimius Severus
681:Theatre of Balbus
622:Livius Andronicus
555:, outside of the
417:), also known by
399:Theatre of Pompey
395:
394:
359:Theatre of Pompey
292:First Triumvirate
177:
176:
74:Theatre of Pompey
31:Theatre of Pompey
16:(Redirected from
5797:
5566:
5565:
5491:Apollo Belvedere
5387:Museo delle Mura
5207:Via dei Coronari
5197:Piazza di Spagna
4891:Palazzo Wedekind
4851:Palazzo Pamphilj
4776:Palazzo Borghese
4685:S. Sisto Vecchio
4213:Porticus Aemilia
4185:Column of Phocas
4167:Column monuments
3928:Forum Holitorium
3833:Temple of Saturn
3740:Baths of Agrippa
3656:Aqua Alexandrina
3588:Triumphal arches
3585:
3584:
3457:Castra Praetoria
3327:
3320:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3287:
3286:
3158:Cornelia Metella
3126:
3125:
2845:
2844:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2775:Preceded by
2772:
2771:
2764:
2717:
2702:"Life of Pompey"
2687:
2676:
2655:
2628:
2609:
2582:
2571:
2544:
2525:
2504:
2477:
2466:
2439:
2416:
2389:
2362:
2341:
2326:
2299:
2272:10.2307/27031294
2250:
2223:
2200:
2173:
2144:
2101:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2007:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1756:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1561:
1551:
1545:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1438:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1297:
1250:
1240:
1226:
1222:
1197:
1183:
1160:
1156:
1114:
1014:Porticus Pompeii
931:
923:
892:
883:
764:
750:
732:
729:BC, and in AD 21
728:
708:
702:
686:
679:constructed the
667:
604:
598:
592:
547:
543:
512:
502:
492:
485:Pompeian Theatre
482:
480:Theatrum Pompeii
431:Pompey the Great
427:Roman Republican
415:Teatro di Pompeo
407:Theatrum Pompeii
387:
380:
373:
186:
185:
179:
178:
140:
139:
137:
136:
135:
130:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
70:
69:
62:
56:
40:
33:
29:
21:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5722:
5694:
5670:Hadrian's Villa
5642:of Rome Capital
5641:
5630:
5626:Monte Testaccio
5612:
5557:
5476:
5447:Palazzo Colonna
5293:
5286:
5244:
5236:
5147:Campo de' Fiori
5134:
5122:
5066:Other landmarks
5061:
5037:Quattro Fontane
4915:
4901:Villa Farnesina
4896:Palazzo Zuccari
4866:Palazzo Ruspoli
4801:Palazzo Farnese
4791:Palazzo Colonna
4729:
4709:
4590:S. Maria in Via
4366:
4355:
4318:
4313:Vigna Randanini
4223:
4219:Trajan's Market
4200:
4191:Trajan's Column
4162:
4096:Domus Augustana
4080:
4015:
3933:
3898:Forum of Caesar
3871:
3838:Temple of Vesta
3808:Temple of Janus
3764:
3760:Baths of Trajan
3728:
3703:
3670:Aqua Anio Novus
3663:Aqua Anio Vetus
3636:
3579:
3572:
3553:Lateran Obelisk
3538:
3341:Walls and gates
3336:
3331:
3301:
3296:
3274:
3217:
3188:
3162:
3117:
3086:
3082:Curia of Pompey
3055:
2993:
2965:
2932:
2914:
2876:
2841:Military career
2836:
2831:
2795:Domus Augustana
2792:
2787:
2776:
2725:
2720:
2695:
2693:Ancient sources
2690:
2673:
2652:
2625:
2606:
2568:
2522:
2501:
2463:
2436:
2424:. Vol. 2.
2405:
2386:
2359:
2323:
2307:. Vol. 1.
2247:
2220:
2197:
2170:
2141:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2063:, pp. 8–9.
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2010:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1943:, pp. 7–9.
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1900:
1898:
1893:Packer, James.
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1867:Packer, James.
1865:
1861:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1759:
1751:
1742:
1734:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1693:
1689:
1683:Richardson 1992
1681:
1670:
1655:Richardson 1992
1653:
1649:
1634:Richardson 1992
1632:
1628:
1618:Richardson 1992
1616:
1612:
1606:Richardson 1992
1604:
1600:
1586:Richardson 1992
1584:
1580:
1570:Richardson 1992
1568:
1564:
1554:Richardson 1992
1552:
1548:
1538:Richardson 1992
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1490:Richardson 1992
1488:
1484:
1477:
1461:
1457:
1447:Richardson 1992
1445:
1441:
1431:Richardson 1992
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1361:
1357:
1351:Richardson 1992
1349:
1342:
1332:Richardson 1992
1330:
1326:
1320:Richardson 1992
1318:
1314:
1300:Richardson 1992
1298:
1294:
1290:
1266:
1248:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1195:
1181:
1158:
1154:
1132:
1044:
990:
929:
921:
914:
913:
912:
911:
895:
894:
893:
885:
884:
873:
853:Campo de' Fiori
846:Campo de' Fiori
810:
781:, and later by
730:
726:
684:
665:
658:
630:Clodius Aesopus
545:
524:
519:
475:
446:Curia of Pompey
391:
257:Clodius Pulcher
183:
133:
131:
127:
124:
119:
116:
114:
112:
111:
91:
84:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
71:
63:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5803:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5486:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5347:Galleria Spada
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5312:Casa di Goethe
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5277:Villa Torlonia
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5242:Parks, gardens
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5202:Piazza Venezia
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5182:Piazza Farnese
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5157:Piazza Colonna
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5047:Trevi Fountain
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5027:di Ponte Sisto
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4861:Palazzo Riario
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4841:Palazzo Mattei
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4821:Palazzo Madama
4818:
4816:Lateran Palace
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4719:
4717:
4715:Other churches
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4365:Roman Catholic
4361:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4341:
4338:Pons Fabricius
4334:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4140:
4138:Villa of Livia
4135:
4132:Villa Gordiani
4128:
4123:
4118:
4116:Flavian Palace
4113:
4106:
4099:
4091:
4089:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4039:
4037:Circus of Nero
4034:
4029:
4027:Circus Maximus
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3975:Basilica Ulpia
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3953:Basilica Julia
3949:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3913:Trajan's Forum
3910:
3905:
3903:Forum of Nerva
3900:
3895:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:Arch of Drusus
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3582:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Janiculum Wall
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3418:San Sebastiano
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3348:Aurelian Walls
3344:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3241:Parallel Lives
3237:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2789:
2782:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2737:
2731:
2724:
2723:External links
2721:
2719:
2718:
2706:Parallel Lives
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2686:. E. Stanford.
2677:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2629:
2623:
2610:
2605:978-0521810685
2604:
2583:
2572:
2566:
2545:
2526:
2520:
2505:
2500:978-0299220143
2499:
2485:(1 ed.).
2478:
2467:
2461:
2440:
2434:
2417:
2403:
2390:
2384:
2363:
2358:978-0495909873
2357:
2342:
2327:
2322:978-0195170726
2321:
2300:
2251:
2245:
2239:. p. 83.
2224:
2218:
2201:
2195:
2174:
2168:
2145:
2139:
2115:
2113:
2112:Modern sources
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2041:
2035:, p. 57;
2025:
2008:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1967:, p. 136.
1957:
1955:, p. 159.
1945:
1933:
1931:, p. 169.
1929:Tomlinson 1992
1921:
1919:, p. 874.
1909:
1885:
1859:
1838:
1810:
1798:
1796:, p. 107.
1786:
1774:
1770:Middleton 1892
1757:
1740:
1738:, p. 515.
1719:
1707:
1687:
1685:, p. 385.
1668:
1647:
1626:
1610:
1598:
1578:
1562:
1546:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1475:
1455:
1439:
1423:
1411:
1394:
1392:, p. 206.
1382:
1370:
1355:
1353:, p. 384.
1340:
1324:
1312:
1306:36.115; Suet.
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1262:
1233:, the ancient
1131:
1128:
1105:The stage and
1064:Greek theatres
1060:Roman theatres
1043:
1040:
1002:quadriporticus
989:
986:
897:
896:
887:
886:
878:
877:
876:
875:
874:
872:
869:
809:
806:
689:campus Martius
657:
654:
642:triple triumph
626:Gnaeus Naevius
618:Equos Troianus
596:consul tertium
553:Campus Martius
523:
520:
518:
515:
503:), and simply
495:Marble Theatre
474:
471:
393:
392:
390:
389:
382:
375:
367:
364:
363:
362:
361:
356:
351:
349:Curia Hostilia
346:
341:
336:
327:
326:
321:
318:Bellum Siculum
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
285:
284:
282:Marcus Agrippa
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
208:
207:
193:
192:
188:
187:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
109:
105:
104:
97:
93:
92:
89:
86:
85:
79:
73:
72:
65:
64:
57:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5802:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5691:
5690:Villa Farnese
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5637:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:Raphael Rooms
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5392:Museo di Roma
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5294:art galleries
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Via del Corso
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5187:Piazza Navona
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5118:Spanish Steps
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Milizie Tower
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Capocci Tower
5086:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5032:Quattro Fiumi
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:Palazzo Spada
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4826:Palazzo Malta
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4786:Palazzo Chigi
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:S. Pudenziana
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4362:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4236:Casal Rotondo
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4155:Villa of the
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:Entertainment
4018:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3921:Forum Boarium
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:Imperial fora
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Baths of Nero
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3716:Cloaca Maxima
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:Arch of Titus
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3615:Arch of Janus
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:Ancient Roman
3575:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Querquetulana
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3450:Santo Spirito
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3403:San Pancrazio
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Pompeia Magna
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2882:Sertorian War
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2592:Cambridge, UK
2589:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2537:Cambridge, UK
2534:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2404:0-13-154609-0
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2376:Prentice Hall
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2246:9780292782136
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2196:9780300052909
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:New Haven, CT
2180:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:Cambridge, MA
2153:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:Iuno Curritis
2081:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2039:, p. 33.
2038:
2034:
2029:
2023:, p. 89.
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2006:, p. 19.
2005:
2000:
1998:
1991:, p. 59.
1990:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1896:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1808:, p. 96.
1807:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1717:, p. 95.
1716:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1528:, p. 50.
1527:
1522:
1516:, p. 49.
1515:
1510:
1504:, p. 86.
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1476:9781107040496
1472:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1421:, p. 84.
1420:
1415:
1409:, p. 83.
1408:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1390:Boëthius 1978
1386:
1380:, p. 48.
1379:
1374:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1271:Opera Publica
1268:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1178:Carthaginians
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1107:scaenae frons
1103:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1084:Julius Caesar
1081:
1080:Imperial Fora
1077:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1048:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1003:
994:
985:
983:
979:
975:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
948:
943:
941:
940:
935:
927:
919:
909:
905:
901:
891:
882:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
842:Orsini family
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
814:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
758:
754:
749:
744:
740:
736:
724:
719:
716:
712:
707:
701:
696:
692:
690:
682:
678:
673:
671:
663:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
603:
597:
591:
590:consul tertio
586:
583:'s freedman,
582:
578:
574:
569:
566:
565:Venus Victrix
562:
558:
554:
549:
542:
537:
533:
532:Greek theatre
529:
514:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:Julius Caesar
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
388:
383:
381:
376:
374:
369:
368:
366:
365:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
325:
324:War of Actium
322:
320:
319:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
283:
280:
278:
277:Sextus Pompey
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
189:
181:
180:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
153:
150:
149:Roman theatre
147:
143:
138:
110:
106:
103:
102:
98:
94:
87:
61:
55:
46:
39:
34:
19:
5775:Roman Senate
5734:Vatican City
5685:Villa d'Este
5675:Ostia Antica
5655:Capo di Bove
5621:Tiber Island
5530:
5523:
5511:
5489:
5272:Villa Medici
5113:Sisto Bridge
5083:Campo Verano
4987:del Pantheon
4932:Acqua Felice
4911:Villa Madama
4906:Villa Giulia
4856:Palazzo Poli
4722:
4620:S. Pancrazio
4505:S. Eustachio
4485:S. Crisogono
4435:Ss. Apostoli
4348:
4344:Ponte Milvio
4336:
4331:Pons Cestius
4329:
4311:
4234:
4211:
4156:
4142:
4130:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4086:
4085:Palaces and
4075:
4048:Ludus Magnus
4046:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3951:
3944:
3926:
3919:
3849:
3775:
3733:Public baths
3721:
3714:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3677:Aqua Claudia
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3629:
3482:Caelimontana
3477:Servian Wall
3467:Terreus Wall
3440:Cavalleggeri
3435:Leonine Wall
3413:San Giovanni
3289:
3282:
3267:
3262:Pompeo Magno
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3148:Mucia Tertia
3108:Pompeiopolis
3071:
3048:
3041:
3036:Lex Trebonia
3034:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2862:Sena Gallica
2793:
2784:
2777:
2759:
2743:
2705:
2682:
2661:
2633:
2614:
2587:
2577:
2549:
2531:
2510:
2482:
2472:
2444:
2421:
2394:
2367:
2347:
2337:
2331:
2304:
2263:
2259:
2228:
2205:
2178:
2150:
2121:
2107:Bibliography
2093:
2085:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2037:Gagarin 2009
2033:Kleiner 2010
2028:
2021:Stamper 2005
1984:
1979:, p. 1.
1972:
1960:
1948:
1941:Painter 2007
1936:
1924:
1917:Platner 1911
1912:
1901:February 11,
1899:. Retrieved
1888:
1878:February 11,
1876:. Retrieved
1862:
1854:the original
1831:February 11,
1829:. Retrieved
1801:
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4405:S. Agostino
4157:sette bassi
4103:Domus Aurea
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3883:Roman Forum
3698:Aqua Tepula
3691:Aqua Marcia
3631:Arcus Novus
3472:Romuli Wall
3024:Lex Manilia
2984:Dyrrhachium
2928:Coracaesium
2867:2nd Clusium
2487:Madison, WI
2061:Barron 2009
1965:Masson 1983
1953:Taylor 2001
1736:Sandys 1910
1526:Erasmo 2020
1514:Erasmo 2020
1502:Erasmo 2010
1419:Erasmo 2010
1407:Erasmo 2010
1378:Kuritz 1987
1100:foundations
1094:The use of
1076:Roman Forum
988:Description
978:Forma Urbis
906:), both by
820:During the
773:, emperors
505:the Theatre
419:other names
344:Curia Julia
132: /
108:Coordinates
5749:Categories
5588:Capitoline
5232:Via Veneto
5142:Appian Way
5042:Tartarughe
4500:S. Eugenio
4440:S. Balbina
4010:Tabularium
3684:Aqua Julia
3649:Aqua Appia
3507:Fontinalis
3423:Settimiana
2979:Brundisium
2920:Pirate War
2857:Asio River
2554:Oxford, UK
2449:London, UK
2426:Nabu Press
2309:Oxford, UK
2233:Austin, TX
2098:Aqua Virgo
2088:, because
2073:Vince 1984
2049:Smith 1898
2004:Rehak 2009
1989:Dyson 2010
1643:VIII, 1439
1592:21; Suet.
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1163:Temple of
1098:and stone
1071:fruition.
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687:BC in the
620:either by
528:consulship
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117:41°53′43″N
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3580:landmarks
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3408:San Paolo
3378:Nomentana
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3060:Buildings
2989:Pharsalus
2961:Jerusalem
2642:Routledge
2581:. Murray.
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2131:Routledge
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5245:and zoos
4957:Marforio
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4545:S. Marco
4205:Commerce
3982:Comitium
3862:Pantheon
3857:Lupercal
3545:obelisks
3543:Ancient
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3388:Pinciana
3373:Metronia
3368:Maggiore
3358:Asinaria
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3138:Antistia
3098:Pamplona
2905:Saguntum
2895:Valentia
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2288:27031294
1664:VI, 1191
1264:See also
1245:Temple D
1217:Temple C
1188:Temple B
1151:Temple A
1122:and the
1096:concrete
982:Piranesi
838:trillium
830:theatrum
779:Arcadius
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735:Caligula
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199:and the
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5608:Viminal
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5128:Squares
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4977:Neptune
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4323:Bridges
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3398:Portese
3212:Pompeia
3206:Pompeia
3143:Aemilia
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1826:WikiArt
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1368:, 42.4.
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1200:victory
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711:Sejanus
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577:Gellius
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463:Cassius
429:era by
411:Italian
329:Places
287:Events
267:Lepidus
262:Crassus
237:Cassius
212:People
203:of the
170:Founded
160:Builder
155:History
5780:Pompey
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4967:Nasone
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3708:Sewers
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