334:
43:
374:, the regiment was sent to the front lines to reinforce the German defenses, thus depriving Bach-Zalewski of manpower. The battalion was assigned to guard and security duties to the immediate rear of the front-line troops, but no detailed information is available on its activities during this time. Police Battalion 316 was withdrawn from the front at the end of April 1942 and then returned to Germany in mid- to late May to recuperate where it was based in
268:. The goals of the police battalions were to secure the rear by eliminating the remnants of the enemy forces, guarding the prisoners of war, and protecting the lines of communications and captured industrial facilities. Their instructions also included, as Daluege stated, the "combat of criminal elements, above all political elements".
367:. The inmates of the Bobruisk ghetto were rounded up in the early morning; they were loaded into trucks and taken to the village of Kamenka where they were shot into pits dug for this purpose. About 5,281 people were killed by the personnel of the battalion and the Einsatzkommando 8 and Police Battalion 316.
318:
on 8 July where he spoke to Montua, Bach-Zalewski and the regiment's officers. On 10 July, Daluege visited the unit and addressed the members of the regiment arrayed in a parade formation, extolling them to "exterminate" Bolshevism as a "blessing for
Germany". On 11 July, Montua passed a confidential
446:
Whole districts are being exterminated (...) Scores of thousands of executions are perpetrated by the German police troops upon the Soviet patriots defending their native soil. Since the Mongol invasion of Europe, there have never been methodical, merciless butchery on such a scale or approaching
442:. The first decrypted message was the 18 July report on the mass murders by the regiment at Slonim. In late July and early August, similar reports were intercepted on a regular basis. Angered by the scope of the atrocities, Churchill delivered a speech over the radio on 24 August stating:
319:
order from Bach-Zalewski to the battalion commanders that Jews, who had been "convicted of looting", were to be shot; an execution took place the same day. Around this time, Police
Battalions 316 and 322 rounded up approximately 3,000 Jewish men from Białystok and
360:. Sixty-five were killed during the roundups, and another 550 executed the next day. Another killing operation later that month, by Einsatzkommando 8 and the two police battalions, brought the total number of victims in Mogilev to about 6,000.
418:
Progress reports on the murderous activities of the Police
Regiment Center, the Einsatzgruppen detachment and the SS Cavalry Brigade were regularly forwarded by Bach-Zalewski. However, unbeknownst to him, the reports were being intercepted by
279:, Police Battalion 316 was assigned to Police Regiment Centre. Comprising about 550 men, the battalion was raised from recruits mobilised from the 1905–1915 year groups. They were led by career police professionals, steeped in the ideology of
330:, with Bach-Zalewski reporting to Himmler on 18 July: "Yesterday's cleansing action in Slonim by Police Regiment Centre. 1,153 Jewish plunderers were shot". By 20 July, the unit's reports referred to executions of Jewish women and children.
471:
The Order Police as a whole had not been declared a criminal organisation by the Allies, unlike the SS, and its members were able to reintegrate into society largely unmolested, with many returning to police careers in
Austria and
1409:
1360:
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399:
1313:
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842:
357:
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1043:
284:
207:
into militarised formations ready to serve the regime's aims of conquest and racial annihilation. The police units participated in the
451:
In May–June 1942, Police
Battalions 307, 316, and 322 were reassigned to other regiments and continued to engage in security warfare (
1575:
1036:
1075:
1611:
955:
1589:
1006:
984:
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784:
738:
827:
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212:
1028:
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1019:
938:
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219:, where they were deployed for security and policing purposes, also taking part in executions and mass deportations.
1626:
1114:
1414:
1238:
919:
252:, the military construction group. Twelve were formed into regiments, three battalions each, and designated as
1568:
1190:
231:
1631:
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1561:
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1276:
1268:
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337:
299:
295:
138:
320:
1093:
1083:
976:
892:
775:
294:, a career policeman. When it crossed the German-Soviet border, the regiment came under the control of
931:
Waffen-SS und
Ordnungspolizei im Kriegseinsatz 1939 - 1945: ein Überblick anhand der Feldpostübersicht
948:
1011:
910:
Smith, Michael (2004). "Bletchley Park and the
Holocaust". In Scott, L. V.; Jackson, P. D. (eds.).
755:
356:, along with Bach-Zalewski's staff company and Ukrainian auxiliaries, rounded up 2,200 Jews in the
1388:
1383:
1296:
1243:
265:
223:
160:
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344:, July 1941. Six thousand Mogilev Jews were murdered by SS forces and Police Battalions 316 and
1582:
1324:
1175:
750:
460:
407:
253:
168:
142:
99:
93:
800:
Official
Secrets: What the Nazis Planned, What the British and Americans Knew. New York:, 1998
1437:
1342:
1319:
1066:
798:
261:
257:
208:
58:
283:, driven by anti-semitism and anti-Bolshevism. The regiment was placed under the command of
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1328:
1222:
1062:
837:
428:
353:
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276:
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130:
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between 15 and 17 July. That same month it was redesignated as the First
Battalion of the
8:
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1058:
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164:
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1378:
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949:"Selected Records from the Military Historical Institute Archives, Prague, 1941-1944"
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303:
249:
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204:
203:, chief of the Order Police, cooperated in transforming the police force of the
1309:
424:
314:
Himmler made a personal visit to the headquarters of Police
Regiment Centre in
240:
147:
403:
1605:
1522:
1486:
1300:
1001:
383:
379:
289:
912:
Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Journeys in Shadows
866:
473:
245:
200:
188:
184:
122:
83:
48:
455:, or "bandit-fighting") and genocide. Battalions 316 and 322 were sent to
315:
215:. Police troops were first formed into battalion-sized formations for the
1496:
1404:
1501:
1059:
363:
On November 7–8, the battalion participated in the murder of Jews in
235:
156:
73:
63:
1506:
1455:
463:
in France and redesignated as the First Battalion of the regiment.
456:
387:
364:
226:
were slated to take part in the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union,
172:
126:
751:
Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus
659:
820:
Der Judenmord in Polen und die deutsche Ordnungspolizei 1939-1945
776:
Hitler's Bandit Hunters: The SS and the Nazi Occupation of Europe
375:
341:
447:
such a scale. We are in the presence of a crime without a name.
438:, communicated the decrypts directly to British Prime Minister
327:
280:
731:
Ordnungspolizei: Encyclopedia of the German Police Battalions
973:
Hitler's Police Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East
889:
Hitler's Police Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East
497:
676:
674:
601:
599:
562:
560:
423:, the British intelligence service, whose code breakers at
1109:
707:
420:
671:
623:
596:
557:
545:
533:
509:
485:
137:
and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the
1583:
Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust
846:. Vol. II. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
521:
196:
134:
87:
863:
Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage
803:. New York: Hill and Wang/Farrar Straus & Giroux.
635:
611:
572:
584:
326:
On 17 July, the regiment murdered over 1,100 Jews in
686:
647:
413:
394:
helped to conduct a brief anti-partisan operation (
167:. In mid-1942, the battalion was reassigned to the
1617:Security units of Nazi Germany established in 1941
1427:Guidelines for the Conduct of the Troops in Russia
187:was a key instrument of the security apparatus of
163:targeting civilian populations under the guise of
1603:
929:Tessin, Georg & Kannapin, Norbert (2000).
928:
665:
386:. Several months later, it was transferred to
238:. Two battalions were assigned to support the
1044:
352:On 2 October 1941, Police Battalions 316 and
1555:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
843:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
431:, the British signals intelligence program.
370:In December, after the German defeat in the
178:
1051:
1037:
970:
713:
551:
527:
515:
503:
459:, with Battalion 316 then assigned to the
883:
491:
427:had broken the German ciphers as part of
836:
793:
629:
617:
605:
566:
539:
332:
956:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
933:(in German). Osnabrück: Biblio-Verlag.
860:
817:
590:
398:, or "bandit-fighting"), together with
1604:
1466:Persecution of Soviet prisoners of war
861:Persico, Joseph E. (22 October 2002).
309:
1590:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
1032:
1007:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
1000:
947:
909:
772:
747:
728:
692:
680:
653:
641:
578:
159:and was responsible for large-scale
155:, it perpetrated mass murder in the
13:
1576:Hitler's War in the East 1941−1945
994:
822:. Paderborn: Schöningh Paderborn.
733:. Stockholm: Leandoer and Ekholm.
340:photograph of the Jewish women in
141:, of the Soviet Union, as part of
14:
1643:
145:. Alongside detachments from the
1410:Hitler's speech of 30 March 1941
414:Decrypts by British intelligence
41:
1361:Police Regiment Special Purpose
722:
698:
1612:1941 establishments in Germany
971:Westermann, Edward B. (2005).
125:(uniformed police) during the
1:
479:
133:, it was subordinated to the
1461:Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre
1115:Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS
1076:Army Group Rear Area Command
748:Beorn, Waitman Wade (2014).
466:
321:shot them in a nearby forest
213:occupation of Czechoslovakia
7:
1538:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
1533:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
1277:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
300:Higher SS and Police Leader
296:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
139:Army Group Centre Rear Area
10:
1648:
1569:Hitler's Generals on Trial
977:University Press of Kansas
893:University Press of Kansas
818:Curilla, Wolfgang (2010).
773:Blood, Phillip W. (2006).
666:Tessin & Kannapin 2000
1546:
1515:
1474:
1446:
1397:
1295:
1267:
1223:Police Battalion (PB) 309
1189:
1138:
1102:
1074:
121:) was a formation of the
79:
69:
54:
36:
28:
23:
18:
1622:The Holocaust in Belarus
1103:Commanding organisations
1012:Harvard University Press
756:Harvard University Press
230:. Nine were attached to
191:. In the prewar period,
179:Background and formation
1627:The Holocaust in Russia
1562:Hitler’s Bandit Hunters
1389:2nd SS Infantry Brigade
1384:1st SS Infantry Brigade
729:Arico, Massimo (2010).
254:Police Regiments Centre
224:Order Police battalions
165:"anti-partisan" warfare
161:crimes against humanity
1325:Police Regiment Centre
1176:Max von Schenckendorff
461:4th SS Police Regiment
449:
349:
143:Police Regiment Centre
100:4th SS Police Regiment
94:Police Regiment Centre
1438:Nazi security warfare
1343:Police Regiment South
1320:Police Regiment North
1063:Army Group Rear Areas
838:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
444:
402:, in the vicinity of
336:
209:annexation of Austria
62:Participation in the
59:Nazi security warfare
1287:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
1010:. Cambridge, Mass.:
887:(2005). "Foreword".
668:, pp. 617, 637.
338:Wehrmacht propaganda
273:Police Battalion 307
228:Operation Barbarossa
131:Operation Barbarossa
119:Polizeibattalion 316
115:Police Battalion 316
24:Polizeibattalion 316
19:Police Battalion 316
1632:SS and Police units
1528:War of annihilation
1171:Edwin von Rothkirch
683:, pp. 112–113.
506:, pp. 163–164.
408:4th Police Regiment
400:Police Battalion 93
310:Operational history
248:of the SS, and the
169:4th Police Regiment
1482:High Command Trial
1433:Mogilev conference
1379:SS Cavalry Brigade
1191:Security Divisions
1156:Kuno-Hans von Both
581:, pp. 456–59.
350:
232:security divisions
217:invasion of Poland
195:, the head of the
153:SS Cavalry Brigade
90:command, part of:
1599:
1598:
1475:War crimes trials
1419:Barbarossa Decree
1282:Friedrich Jeckeln
1125:Army Group Centre
1110:Army High Command
1067:German–Soviet War
986:978-0-7006-1724-1
902:978-0-7006-1724-1
885:Showalter, Dennis
853:978-0-253-35328-3
795:Breitman, Richard
786:978-1-59797-021-1
779:. Potomac Books.
740:978-91-85657-99-5
644:, pp. 61–62.
569:, pp. 47–48.
542:, pp. 45–46.
440:Winston Churchill
434:The head of MI6,
304:Army Group Centre
250:Organisation Todt
108:
107:
1639:
1516:Related articles
1181:Joachim Witthöft
1161:Franz von Roques
1130:Army Group South
1120:Army Group North
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453:Bandenbekämpfung
396:Bandenbekämpfung
390:where its First
372:Battle of Moscow
348:in October 1941.
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193:Heinrich Himmler
171:and operated in
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1492:Krasnodar Trial
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1415:Criminal orders
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1166:Karl von Roques
1146:Erich Friderici
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995:Further reading
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975:. Kansas City:
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891:. Kansas City:
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714:Westermann 2005
712:
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695:, pp. 5–6.
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632:, p. 1650.
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554:, pp. 2–3.
552:Westermann 2005
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528:Westermann 2005
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516:Westermann 2005
514:
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504:Westermann 2005
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494:, p. xiii.
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436:Stewart Menzies
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266:Special Purpose
205:Weimar Republic
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1547:Historiography
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840:, ed. (2009).
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765:978-0674725508
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716:, p. 231.
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593:, p. 219.
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508:
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425:Bletchley Park
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358:Mogilev ghetto
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1523:The Holocaust
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1021:9780674025776
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914:. Routledge.
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761:
757:
754:. Cambridge:
753:
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746:
742:
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726:
715:
710:
704:Arico, p. 457
701:
694:
689:
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677:
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662:
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650:
643:
638:
631:
630:Megargee 2009
626:
620:, p. 66.
619:
618:Breitman 1998
614:
607:
606:Megargee 2009
602:
600:
592:
587:
580:
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568:
567:Breitman 1998
563:
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553:
548:
541:
540:Breitman 1998
536:
530:, p. 15.
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302:(HSS-PF) for
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244:, the mobile
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222:Twenty-three
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110:Military unit
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68:
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50:
39:
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31:
27:
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17:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1448:Major crimes
1332:
1297:Order Police
1005:
972:
960:. Retrieved
930:
911:
888:
867:Random House
862:
841:
819:
799:
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749:
730:
723:Bibliography
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661:
649:
637:
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613:
591:Persico 2002
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511:
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487:
474:West Germany
470:
450:
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417:
369:
362:
351:
325:
313:
270:
246:death squads
239:
221:
201:Kurt Daluege
189:Nazi Germany
185:Order Police
182:
146:
123:Order Police
118:
114:
112:
84:Order Police
80:Part of
49:Nazi Germany
1497:Minsk Trial
1405:Hunger Plan
1303:Detachments
1065:during the
404:Škofja Loka
288: [
271:Along with
183:The German
96:(1941–1942)
1606:Categories
1502:Riga Trial
1398:Milestones
1139:Commanders
962:20 January
921:0714655333
693:USHMM 2008
681:Smith 2004
654:Arico 2010
642:Blood 2006
579:Arico 2010
480:References
285:Max Montua
1069:, 1941–45
1060:Wehrmacht
467:Aftermath
316:Białystok
236:Wehrmacht
157:Holocaust
129:. During
74:Battalion
64:Holocaust
32:1941–1945
1507:Ukase 43
1456:Babi Yar
1004:(2007).
797:(1998).
457:Slovenia
388:Slovenia
365:Bobruisk
211:and the
173:Slovenia
151:and the
127:Nazi era
392:Company
376:Bottrop
342:Mogilev
234:of the
102:(1942–)
37:Country
1373:PB 320
1369:PB 315
1365:PB 304
1355:PB 314
1351:PB 303
1337:PB 322
1333:PB 316
1329:PB 307
1269:HSS-PF
1089:Centre
1018:
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958:. 2008
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298:, the
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264:, and
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1347:PB 45
1259:707th
1254:454th
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1244:403rd
1239:286th
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1229:281st
1219:221st
1214:213th
1209:207th
1204:203rd
1199:201st
1094:South
1084:North
952:(PDF)
429:Ultra
292:]
262:South
258:North
1314:PB 9
1299:and
1016:ISBN
981:ISBN
964:2018
935:ISBN
916:ISBN
897:ISBN
871:ISBN
848:ISBN
824:ISBN
805:ISBN
781:ISBN
760:ISBN
735:ISBN
380:Buer
275:and
113:The
70:Size
55:Role
476:.
421:MI6
354:322
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