43:
261:. The goals of the police battalions were to secure the rear by eliminating the remnants of the enemy forces, guarding the prisoners of war, and protecting the lines of communications and captured industrial facilities. Their instructions also included, as Daluege stated, the "combat of criminal elements, above all political elements".
298:
troops from Police
Battalion 309 surrounded the town square by the Great Synagogue, and forced residents from their homes into the street. Some were shoved up against building walls and shot dead. Othersâapproximately 2,000 men, women and childrenâwere locked in the synagogue, which was subsequently
303:. The Nazi onslaught continued with the grenading of numerous homes and further shootings. As the flames from the synagogue spread and merged with the grenade fires, the entire square was engulfed. On that day, some 3,000 Jews lost their lives. (Archive from Geocities)
311:
The Order Police as a whole had not been declared a criminal organisation by the Allies, unlike the SS, and its members were able to reintegrate into society largely unmolested, with many returning to police careers in
Austria and
1014:
272:. Comprising about 550 men, the battalion was raised from recruits mobilised from the 1905â1915 year groups. They were led by career police professionals, steeped in the ideology of
965:
1221:
1070:
655:
276:, driven by anti-semitism and anti-Bolshevism. The 221st Security Division itself was formed in June 1941. Police Battalion 309 was its only motorised formation.
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200:
into militarised formations ready to serve the regime's aims of conquest and racial annihilation. The police units participated in the
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212:, where they were deployed for security and policing purposes, also taking part in executions and mass deportations.
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237:, the military construction group. Twelve were formed into regiments, three battalions each, and designated as
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147:
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532:
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616:
564:
508:
Smith, Michael (2004). "Bletchley Park and the
Holocaust". In Scott, L. V.; Jackson, P. D. (eds.).
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250:
216:
165:
139:
87:
83:
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150:, of the Soviet Union, as part of Wehrmacht's security forces. Alongside detachments from the
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197:
196:, chief of the Order Police, cooperated in transforming the police force of the
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152:
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905:
606:
510:
Understanding
Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Journeys in Shadows
464:
313:
230:
193:
181:
177:
127:
48:
208:. Police troops were first formed into battalion-sized formations for the
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258:
161:
73:
63:
1111:
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219:
were slated to take part in the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union,
131:
560:
Marching into
Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus
441:
Hitler's Bandit
Hunters: The SS and the Nazi Occupation of Europe
379:
377:
273:
98:
529:
Hitler's Police
Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East
487:
Hitler's Police
Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East
374:
350:
295:
714:
253:. Nine, including Police Battalion 309, were attached to
415:
362:
338:
146:
and deployed in German-occupied areas, specifically the
1188:
Marching into
Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust
591:. Vol. II. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
389:
189:
461:
Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage
279:
1222:Security units of Nazi Germany established in 1941
1032:Guidelines for the Conduct of the Troops in Russia
180:was a key instrument of the security apparatus of
1208:
223:. Two battalions were assigned to support the
649:
264:Police Battalion 309 was subordinated to the
1160:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933â1945
588:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933â1945
171:
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421:
395:
383:
368:
356:
102:
481:
344:
581:
458:
1209:
1071:Persecution of Soviet prisoners of war
459:Persico, Joseph E. (22 October 2002).
1195:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
637:
612:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
605:
556:
507:
437:
164:and was responsible for large-scale
13:
1181:Hitler's War in the East 1941â1945
550:
14:
1248:
294:On the morning of June 27, 1941,
1015:Hitler's speech of 30 March 1941
280:Great Synagogue, BiaĆystok crime
168:targeting civilian populations.
41:
966:Police Regiment Special Purpose
431:
1217:1941 establishments in Germany
527:Westermann, Edward B. (2005).
401:
130:(uniformed police) during the
1:
331:
138:, it was subordinated to the
1066:Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre
720:Kommandostab ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS
681:Army Group Rear Area Command
557:Beorn, Waitman Wade (2014).
306:
206:occupation of Czechoslovakia
7:
1143:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
1138:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
882:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
319:
290:Great Synagogue (BiaĆystok)
148:Army Group Centre Rear Area
10:
1253:
1174:Hitler's Generals on Trial
533:University Press of Kansas
491:University Press of Kansas
438:Blood, Phillip W. (2006).
283:
1151:
1120:
1079:
1051:
1002:
900:
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828:Police Battalion (PB) 309
794:
743:
707:
679:
126:) was a formation of the
79:
69:
54:
36:
28:
23:
18:
1227:The Holocaust in Belarus
708:Commanding organisations
617:Harvard University Press
565:Harvard University Press
299:set on fire; there they
286:1941 BiaĆystok massacres
184:. In the prewar period,
172:Background and formation
1232:The Holocaust in Russia
1167:Hitlerâs Bandit Hunters
994:2nd SS Infantry Brigade
989:1st SS Infantry Brigade
270:221st Security Division
239:Police Regiments Centre
217:Order Police battalions
166:crimes against humanity
144:221st Security Division
108:221st Security Division
88:German Army (Wehrmacht)
84:Order Police battalions
930:Police Regiment Centre
781:Max von Schenckendorff
1043:Nazi security warfare
948:Police Regiment South
925:Police Regiment North
668:Army Group Rear Areas
583:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
202:annexation of Austria
62:Participation in the
59:Nazi security warfare
24:Polizei-Battalion 309
892:Hans-Adolf PrĂŒtzmann
615:. Cambridge, Mass.:
485:(2005). "Foreword".
221:Operation Barbarossa
136:Operation Barbarossa
124:Polizeibattalion 309
120:Police Battalion 309
19:Police Battalion 309
1237:SS and Police units
1133:War of annihilation
776:Edwin von Rothkirch
386:, pp. 163â165.
359:, pp. 163â164.
233:of the SS, and the
1087:High Command Trial
1038:Mogilev conference
984:SS Cavalry Brigade
796:Security Divisions
761:Kuno-Hans von Both
255:security divisions
210:invasion of Poland
188:, the head of the
158:SS Cavalry Brigade
1204:
1203:
1080:War crimes trials
1024:Barbarossa Decree
887:Friedrich Jeckeln
730:Army Group Centre
715:Army High Command
672:GermanâSoviet War
598:978-0-253-35328-3
542:978-0-7006-1724-1
500:978-0-7006-1724-1
483:Showalter, Dennis
451:978-1-59797-021-1
444:. Potomac Books.
235:Organisation Todt
160:, it perpetrated
115:
114:
94:
93:
1244:
1121:Related articles
786:Joachim Witthöft
766:Franz von Roques
735:Army Group South
725:Army Group North
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326:BandenbekÀmpfung
186:Heinrich Himmler
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1097:Krasnodar Trial
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1028:Commissar Order
1020:Criminal orders
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771:Karl von Roques
751:Erich Friderici
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551:Further reading
543:
531:. Kansas City:
520:
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489:. Kansas City:
475:
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434:
429:
428:
422:Westermann 2005
420:
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407:Raiha, Evelyn.
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396:Westermann 2005
394:
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384:Westermann 2005
382:
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369:Westermann 2005
367:
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357:Westermann 2005
355:
351:
347:, p. xiii.
343:
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301:burned to death
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284:Main articles:
282:
251:Special Purpose
198:Weimar Republic
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1152:Historiography
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585:, ed. (2009).
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345:Showalter 2005
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226:Einsatzgruppen
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153:Einsatzgruppen
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1128:The Holocaust
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1092:Kharkov Trial
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756:Ludwig KĂŒbler
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626:9780674025776
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563:. Cambridge:
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512:. Routledge.
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474:0-3757-6126-8
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410:The Holocaust
404:
398:, p. 15.
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215:Twenty-three
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96:Military unit
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27:
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1053:Major crimes
902:Order Police
827:
610:
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486:
465:Random House
460:
439:
432:Bibliography
417:
409:
403:
391:
364:
352:
340:
314:West Germany
310:
293:
263:
231:death squads
224:
214:
194:Kurt Daluege
182:Nazi Germany
178:Order Police
175:
162:mass murders
151:
128:Order Police
123:
119:
117:
80:Part of
49:Nazi Germany
1102:Minsk Trial
1010:Hunger Plan
908:Detachments
670:during the
266:German Army
176:The German
140:German Army
103:Parent unit
1211:Categories
1107:Riga Trial
1003:Milestones
744:Commanders
519:0714655333
332:References
674:, 1941â45
665:Wehrmacht
307:Aftermath
259:Wehrmacht
134:. During
74:Battalion
64:Holocaust
1112:Ukase 43
1061:Babi Yar
609:(2007).
320:See also
204:and the
156:and the
132:Nazi era
257:of the
110:(1941â)
90:command
37:Country
32:1941â45
978:PB 320
974:PB 315
970:PB 304
960:PB 314
956:PB 303
942:PB 322
938:PB 316
934:PB 307
874:HSS-PF
694:Centre
623:
595:
571:
539:
516:
497:
471:
448:
274:Nazism
249:, and
192:, and
86:under
46:
29:Active
952:PB 45
864:707th
859:454th
854:444th
849:403rd
844:286th
839:285th
834:281st
824:221st
819:213th
814:207th
809:203rd
804:201st
699:South
689:North
247:South
243:North
919:PB 9
904:and
621:ISBN
593:ISBN
569:ISBN
537:ISBN
514:ISBN
495:ISBN
469:ISBN
446:ISBN
296:Nazi
288:and
118:The
70:Size
55:Role
268:'s
142:'s
1213::
1030:*
1026:*
976:,
972:,
958:,
954:,
940:,
936:,
906:SS
619:.
567:.
535:.
493:.
467:.
463:.
376:^
316:.
245:,
241:,
190:SS
1034:)
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826:(
657:e
650:t
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522:.
503:.
477:.
454:.
122:(
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