218:, Isabel Caro Wilson, Zenaida Tantoco, Maria Cristina Turalba, Antonio Yap, Carolyn Espiritu, and Karen Ocampo Floresâalso faced administrative complaints alleging their violation of the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standard for Public Officials and Employees (Republic Act 6713). Abrera and Sunico were also charged with grave misconduct and conduct unbecoming of a public officer. In March 2013,
289:, while noting that the Conference was condemning Cruz's artwork, not Cruz. UST's vice rector, Rev. Pablo Tiong, agreed with Archbishop Palma, and informed the panel that the exhibition was not a project of the university and emphasized the fact that Cruz was once a student of the institution but did not earn a degree there.
552:
said the controversy was not about an artwork being prurient or obscene but more about blasphemy and sacrilege. She told Cruz himself in a forum that she herself was offended by the artwork, but that she didn't think that the CPP should have closed the exhibit. Cajipe-Endaya previously wrote an essay
345:
is a betrayal of the
Christian message, which has to do with feeding the hungry, visiting the sick and imprisoned, and helping the poor. By focusing our energies on the male genital organ, we . . . have been unfaithful to Jesus, who was extremely tolerant of sex offenders but was very angry at people
353:
image is "symbolic of patriarchy, a symbol of power. There are those who worship power, who put their faith in men who wield power even if the power is used against women, or against the whole of society. The fight for sexual and gender equality continues, doesn't it? But the balance continues to be
96:
and devotion. The work was composed of relics the artist had collected since high school, items that he grew up with as well as objects that reflect society and the nation. Cruz said that the 2011 "uproar (that was) created may be the unconscious denial of seeing ourselves truthfully in the mirror."
503:
that would frame a new constitution that would replace the 1973 Constitution to which the political mandate of Marcos belonged. It was under the new 1987 constitution, says
Doloricon, that Article 4, section 4, on freedom of speech, expression, and the press, came to pass. "If this is the case," he
182:
hearing to explain why they mounted the exhibit. The CCP's board later decided to take down the piece due to the "increasing number of threats to persons and property", after which decision one board member resigned. Cruz begged off from attending the Senate hearing, writing that he was abiding by
91:
Taking inspiration from his childhood where he would see on their family house's walls family pictures, framed certificates, and medals, and similarly the neighbors' houses' walls displaying posters, calendars, pictures of politicians and celebrities, etc. as adornments, Cruz recreated in the same
447:
provoked the outrage over Cruz's work, which, in addition to the artist's "being threatened, insulted and ridiculed by various conservative groups and individuals," resulted in Cruz being accused of violating the country's obscenity laws. This barrage led to a need for CCP to put out a disclaimer
373:
is beside the point. It's our maturity as a critically thinking people that's on the line here. What seems to me more immature is banning movies, books, and other works of artâespecially if you have the powerâbecause you don't like them, because you think they're bad or you can do better, because
536:
is free to be displayed in a private gallery but not at the CCP, which is a state instrumentality. Pagdanganan argued that, true, a "private gallery is completely free to judge art according to its aesthetic biases. But a publicly-funded gallery is bound by a document called the
Philippine
317:) and religion as necessary to each other, given that the human genital organ is used for removing waste (crucial to a person's life) and for "going and multiplying". Finally, for his third reading, which expands his first reading with the support of his second, Cruz wrote: "Following '
537:
Constitution, which requires it to respect 'freedom of speech and of expression' (Article III, Sec. 4 of the
Philippine Constitution) and 'foster ⊠a Filipino national culture ⊠in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression' (Article XIV, Sec. 14). By shutting down
252:
with a piece titled "The CCP Jesus Christ exhibit: It ain't art". He echoed this opinion in the Senate hearing that transpired, saying the artwork was an attempt by an "immature" and "juvenile" artist to express his views. "(Not) all propaganda is art," he added.
374:
they run counter to your own beliefs and values, or because they point an annoying, accusing finger at you. (I'll agree that badly written books have no right to get published, but once published, it would be silly to ban them.)"
482:
College of Fine Arts, disagreed with the notion that free expression is "a gift of the state to the people out of compassion". "(Our present) right to free expression is the result of the people's struggle against the
183:
the advise of colleagues to not attend, as the process might simply feed his "self-serving impulse to defend my work or my person to each query, insult or threat being hurled at me." Meanwhile, there were offers of
401:
CMFR reported that the program did not mention the larger exhibit and described Cruz's work as the artist's statement on the pending bill that the Church was strongly opposing. CMFR cited a
381:(CMFR), also in defense of the artist's work, blamed the media for the conservative public's negative response to the artwork, specially citing that it was the result of a deliberate
772:
349:
Echoing critic Cruz's second reading, the artist himself had stated that "Anything that is part of our body is not obscene." More to the point, the artist had said that the
309:. First, that the artist is expressing his anger at representations of Jesus, such as the Crucifix, as a betrayal of the real Jesus. Second, that the artist is presenting
329:
into the male organ and into the face of Jesus. It is we that have ridiculed the face of Jesus, with our preoccupation with the male organ. . . . Our obsession with the
397:
for falsely linking Cruz's installation art piece to the divisive debate then going on around what was then still the reproductive health (RH) bill. In its chastisement
330:
281:(CBCP) reminded Cruz how freedom of expression is not absolute. "Human freedom is a gift of God and has corresponding responsibilities," said CBCP vice president and
463:
The
Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP), in light of the hearing the Philippine Senate decided to hold, issued a statement urging the senators to uphold the
746:
460:(in the Philippines)". Additionally, ABS-CBN published the artist's address, which made the artist fear the possible arrival of a mob in front of his yard.
826:
278:
508:
exhibit, and to whom are we addressing the issue? Are we addressing the issue to the board of trustees of the CCP, to the Church people, or to the
682:
797:
519:
378:
411:. "It has since become clear that the program took the tack it took for its controversial value," CMFR wrote, describing how the
443:. Controversial art works about the RH bill. Disrespectful, some say, and no longer for art's sake)." Thus, according to the CMFR,
959:
954:
545:, he said that the courts have already ruled in favor of free speech in two cases of people offending religious sensibilities.
651:
479:
880:
484:
282:
41:
717:
852:
509:
266:, he said that, although a Muslim, he was offended by Cruz's decision to put a penis image on the forehead of the
964:
468:
301:(no relation to the artist) defended the artist's work through a write-up titled "Is Poleteismo Art?" in his own
934:
415:
episode on the issue began with footage of anti- and pro-RH advocates. The report's lead included the line, "
321:' (a way of reading religious symbols from the point of view of the reader or audience), we could say that
219:
906:
29:
969:
262:
260:, who was also present during the hearing, apologetically agreed with Jose. In an interview with the
179:
65:
475:'s reported call to the CCP Board and his public "there is no freedom that is absolute" statement.
370:
541:, the government is reduced to being the henchman of the neighborhood thug." In an interview with
949:
488:
222:
211:
504:
asked, "why are we still pressing for the right to free expression vis-a-vis the closure of the
28:
project by
Filipino artist and curator Mideo Cruz. Previously exhibited starting in 2002 at the
553:
titled "Trying to understand why art can offend, and why artists should continue to be free".
318:
310:
532:
that a lot of "fallacies" were peddled by Cruz's conservative critics, among which was that
549:
500:
326:
125:
68:(UST) to commemorate both the university's 400th anniversary and the 150th anniversary of
8:
248:
472:
342:
199:
175:
464:
382:
338:
207:
243:
515:
362:
81:
33:
25:
369:
column and also in answer to Sionil Jose's judgment of the artist, wrote: "Cruz's
286:
298:
152:
85:
773:"Not obscene: Ombudsman clears 'Poleteismo' artist and CCP officials of charges"
562:
496:
453:
257:
61:
128:, got the most ire for the artist's placement of a wooden representation of a
943:
403:
215:
170:
An individual vandalized Cruz's art project and attempted to set fire to it,
140:
116:
behind them, which, according to the artist, was another kind of reflection.
105:
69:
594:
492:
407:
report where Cruz denied ever mentioning the RH bill in his interview with
267:
171:
164:
93:
623:"CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art | CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art"
129:
49:
143:, criticized the installation, citing Cruz's Crucifixion imagery as an
137:
56:
population. The CCP display of the installation piece was as a part of
53:
297:
In answer to Sionil Jose's essay and Senate hearing testimony, critic
622:
314:
203:
195:
156:
37:
225:
cleared Cruz and the ten officials of any wrongdoing and ruled that
528:
449:
188:
160:
148:
386:
355:
334:
306:
113:
45:
747:"Post-'Poleteismo,' artist Mideo Cruz talks about visual trauma"
439:
for artâs sake. (Exclusive: Art exhibit at the CCP monitored by
325:
is really about us. We who are looking at the work read our own
210:
shows. The ten CCP officialsânamely Emily Abrera, Raul Sunico,
184:
159:. Another piece in the installation depicted Jesus Christ as a
144:
92:
aesthetic manner the idea behind the worship of such images of
155:
bishops and some
Catholic conservatives described the work as
457:
350:
133:
124:
One piece in the 2011 installation, as Cruz's version of the
109:
174:
were communicated to both the artist and members of the CCP
136:. Religious organizations and individuals, including former
798:"The CCP Jesus Christ exhibit: It ain't art | Philstar.com"
827:"Controversial 'Poleteismo' not art, says national artist"
478:
Similarly, artist
Leonilo Doloricon, a former dean of the
36:, among other venues, without much controversy, its 2011
683:"Broadcast media fomented the "Poleteismo" controversy"
104:, one could literally see their own reflection on the
718:"Mideo Cruz' "Poleteismo" continues to stir debate"
512:who were also believed to be behind this closure?â
448:spelling out what the piece was actually about, "
194:In August 2011, Cruz and ten CCP officials faced
941:
853:"Are all freedoms of expression art? Who knows?"
341:, and other issues that are somehow related to
279:Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines
246:lambasted Cruz's installation in his column in
88:images, political images, and phallic objects.
471:. The CAP also expressed alarm over President
178:, and officials of the CCP were summoned to a
379:Center for Media Freedom & Responsibility
520:University of the Philippines College of Law
132:on the forehead of a representative face of
904:
151:symbol or to the Crucifixion as a whole.
64:organized by the fine arts alumni of the
907:"'Poleteismo' protected by free speech"
850:
593:Cuneta, Josephine (September 1, 2011).
495:led the new government under President
942:
825:Tan, Kimberly Jane (August 16, 2011).
744:
592:
875:
873:
680:
232:
881:"The real immaturity | Philstar.com"
820:
818:
770:
745:Pastor, Cristina DC (May 10, 2013).
740:
738:
716:Olea, Ronalyn V. (August 17, 2011).
715:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
676:
674:
672:
645:
643:
617:
615:
595:"Philippines Astir Over Art Exhibit"
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
358:. Is this good or bad? You decide."
346:that judged or hated other people."
824:
80:The installation combined Catholic
13:
870:
851:Yamsuan, Cathy (August 17, 2011).
627:CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art
42:Cultural Center of the Philippines
14:
981:
935:Select photos of the installation
928:
815:
735:
700:
681:Staff, CMFR (September 5, 2011).
669:
640:
612:
575:
274:⊠(It's quite grave)," he added.
649:
487:," he said, explaining that the
305:column, offering three positive
898:
844:
198:accusing them of violating the
44:(CCP), became the subject of a
905:Sunnexdesk (August 15, 2011).
790:
771:Lago, Amanda (March 5, 2013).
764:
75:
1:
960:Filipino critics of religions
955:Censorship in the Philippines
568:
437:Pambabastos na raw at âdi na
237:
108:placed at the center of the
7:
556:
548:Artist, author and curator
187:for Cruz, and the CCP was "
112:relic, as well as the wall
10:
986:
526:said in an interview with
524:Philippine Daily Inquirer,
292:
389:'s investigative program
263:Philippine Daily Inquirer
119:
100:In the 2011 iteration of
66:University of Santo Tomas
130:human male genital organ
599:The Wall Street Journal
522:and a columnist of the
501:Constitutional Assembly
354:tipped in favor of the
223:Conchita Carpio-Morales
212:Florangel Rosario-Braid
191:" by devout Catholics.
141:Imelda Romualdez Marcos
965:Installation art works
911:SunStar Publishing Inc
16:Installation art piece
465:Freedom of Expression
393:. The CMFR chastised
319:biblical hermeneutics
268:Sacred Heart of Jesus
652:"Is Poleteismo art?"
550:Imelda Cajipe-Endaya
429:Mga kontrobersyal na
313:(represented by the
126:Crucifixion of Jesus
485:Marcos dictatorship
383:sensationalist take
258:Abdulmari Asia Imao
249:The Philippine Star
196:criminal complaints
60:(Boiling), a group
40:, exhibited at the
473:Benigno Aquino III
343:sexual intercourse
233:Critical reception
202:'s Article 201 on
200:Revised Penal Code
510:Aquino government
469:1987 Constitution
339:same-sex marriage
229:was not obscene.
82:religious symbols
52:' overwhelmingly
977:
970:Installation art
922:
921:
919:
917:
902:
896:
895:
893:
891:
885:www.philstar.com
877:
868:
867:
865:
863:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
813:
812:
810:
808:
802:www.philstar.com
794:
788:
787:
785:
783:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
742:
733:
732:
730:
728:
713:
698:
697:
695:
693:
678:
667:
666:
664:
662:
647:
638:
637:
635:
633:
619:
610:
609:
607:
605:
590:
516:Raul Pangalangan
206:exhibitions and
34:UP Vargas Museum
30:Ateneo de Manila
26:installation art
985:
984:
980:
979:
978:
976:
975:
974:
940:
939:
931:
926:
925:
915:
913:
903:
899:
889:
887:
879:
878:
871:
861:
859:
849:
845:
835:
833:
831:GMA News Online
823:
816:
806:
804:
796:
795:
791:
781:
779:
777:GMA News Online
769:
765:
755:
753:
751:GMA News Online
743:
736:
726:
724:
714:
701:
691:
689:
679:
670:
660:
658:
650:Cruz, Isagani.
648:
641:
631:
629:
621:
620:
613:
603:
601:
591:
576:
571:
559:
467:article in the
377:Meanwhile, the
367:Philippine Star
361:Fiction writer
315:human sex organ
303:Philippine Star
299:Isagani R. Cruz
295:
240:
235:
122:
78:
17:
12:
11:
5:
983:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Philippine art
938:
937:
930:
929:External links
927:
924:
923:
897:
869:
843:
814:
789:
763:
734:
699:
668:
639:
611:
573:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
563:Carlos Celdran
558:
555:
518:, dean of the
454:deconstruction
419:: Art exhibit
294:
291:
256:Visual artist
244:F. Sionil Jose
239:
236:
234:
231:
121:
118:
94:identification
77:
74:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
982:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
936:
933:
932:
912:
908:
901:
886:
882:
876:
874:
858:
854:
847:
832:
828:
821:
819:
803:
799:
793:
778:
774:
767:
752:
748:
741:
739:
723:
719:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
688:
684:
677:
675:
673:
657:
653:
646:
644:
628:
624:
618:
616:
600:
596:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
574:
564:
561:
560:
554:
551:
546:
544:
540:
535:
531:
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
511:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
480:UP at Diliman
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:minatyagan ng
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
404:BusinessWorld
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
372:
368:
365:, in his own
364:
363:Butch Dalisay
359:
357:
352:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
290:
288:
287:José S. Palma
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
264:
259:
254:
251:
250:
245:
230:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
181:
177:
173:
172:death threats
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
117:
115:
111:
107:
106:convex mirror
103:
98:
95:
89:
87:
83:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:public outcry
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
22:
914:. Retrieved
910:
900:
888:. Retrieved
884:
860:. Retrieved
857:INQUIRER.net
856:
846:
834:. Retrieved
830:
805:. Retrieved
801:
792:
780:. Retrieved
776:
766:
754:. Retrieved
750:
725:. Retrieved
721:
690:. Retrieved
686:
659:. Retrieved
656:Philstar.com
655:
630:. Retrieved
626:
602:. Retrieved
598:
547:
542:
538:
533:
527:
523:
514:
505:
493:dictatorship
477:
462:
444:
440:
436:
433:patungkol sa
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
402:
398:
394:
390:
376:
366:
360:
348:
322:
302:
296:
276:
271:
261:
255:
247:
241:
226:
193:
169:
165:Mickey Mouse
123:
101:
99:
90:
79:
57:
20:
19:
18:
497:Cory Aquino
285:Archbishop
157:blasphemous
86:pop culture
76:Description
50:Philippines
944:Categories
569:References
534:Poleteismo
499:to form a
431:art works
417:Eksklusibo
323:Poleteismo
227:Poleteismo
216:Jaime Laya
138:First Lady
102:Poleteismo
72:'s birth.
70:José Rizal
62:exhibition
21:Poleteismo
489:1986 fall
435:RH bill.
387:ABS-CBN 2
242:Novelist
238:Criticism
220:Ombudsman
189:exorcised
167:'s ears.
54:Christian
48:from the
38:iteration
916:July 18,
890:July 16,
862:July 18,
836:July 16,
807:July 16,
782:July 16,
756:July 16,
727:July 16,
722:Bulatlat
692:July 16,
661:July 15,
632:July 16,
604:July 15,
557:See also
529:Bulatlat
452:and the
450:idolatry
371:maturity
327:meanings
307:readings
270:image. "
208:indecent
161:figurine
153:Catholic
149:Crucifix
543:SunStar
491:of the
458:deities
456:of neo-
356:phallus
335:divorce
331:RH bill
293:Defense
272:Mabigat
204:obscene
185:novenas
147:to the
114:collage
24:was an
180:Senate
145:insult
120:Impact
32:, the
427:XXX.
351:penis
176:board
163:with
134:Jesus
110:Cross
918:2024
892:2024
864:2024
838:2024
809:2024
784:2024
758:2024
729:2024
694:2024
687:CMFR
663:2024
634:2024
606:2024
539:KulĂŽ
506:Kulo
423:CCP
283:Cebu
277:The
58:KulĂŽ
445:XXX
441:XXX
413:XXX
409:XXX
395:XXX
391:XXX
385:by
311:sex
946::
909:.
883:.
872:^
855:.
829:.
817:^
800:.
775:.
749:.
737:^
720:.
702:^
685:.
671:^
654:.
642:^
625:.
614:^
597:.
577:^
421:sa
337:,
333:,
214:,
84:,
920:.
894:.
866:.
840:.
811:.
786:.
760:.
731:.
696:.
665:.
636:.
608:.
399:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.