2471:
2000:
2453:) was a means of reacting to and commenting upon political situations and happenings. This poetry is intentionally ambiguous and difficult to understand. But at its heart it prophesies victory for the Welsh over their enemies, the English. This poetry looked towards a man of destiny who would free them from their oppressors. With the victory of the 'Welshman' Henry VII in 1485 at the battle of Bosworth the poets believed that the prophecies had been fulfilled and the tradition comes to an end. Satire poetry (Welsh:
3672:
558:
36:
5119:
1669:
820:
2395:, where he was buried in the Brothers' Court. At his death the elegies his fellow poets wrote in his memory attested to his greatness as a poet. He was renowned as a praise poet of both secular and religious noblemen, and also reflects the changes at the beginning of the 16th century which were threatening the future of the bardic system.
687:). Like poets, the storytellers were also professionals; but unlike the poets, little of their work has survived. What has survived are literary creations based on native Welsh tales which would have been told by the storytellers. The bulk of this material is found in the collection known today as the
2441:
Not all of the poetry which survives from this period belongs to the tradition of the praise poetry of the nobility. Some groups of poets and genres of poetry stood completely outside that tradition. Women seem to be totally excluded from the Welsh poetic guild, or Order of bards. But we do know that
2772:
was codified and set down in writing for posterity. Since the earliest manuscripts containing these legal texts date from about two hundred and fifty years after the event they are probably not a record of what was codified there, if such a conference was even convened. In fact, until the annexation
2186:
The poetic tradition thrived in Wales as long as there were patrons available to welcome its practitioners. Until 1282, Wales consisted of a number of 'kingdoms', each with its own independent ruler; this ensured that there was no shortage of courts available to the travelling professional poet or
2776:
The use of Welsh for legal texts shows that it had the words and the technical terms with definite and exact meanings needed in such circumstances. It also shows that reading and writing Welsh was not confined to priests and monks, but that there were also lawyers "whose skill is directed not to
2094:
The poets of this period were professionals who worked in the various princely courts in Wales. They were members of a Guild of poets whose rights and responsibilities were enshrined in native Welsh law; and as such, they worked within a developed literary culture and with inflexible traditions.
2785:
The vast majority of Welsh religious texts from the Middle Ages are translations and mostly the works of unknown monks and priests. The works themselves reflect the tastes and fashions of
Christendom at the time: apocryphal narratives, dreams or visions, theological treatises and exegesis, and
2367:
saw particular significance in his work. Lewis saw him as a poet of philosophy who praised the ideal ruler as he praised his patrons who saw that within the Welsh tradition all who had privilege and power also had responsibilities towards family, community and nation.
2570:("the one who knows") was an official of the court. He was expected to know the traditional knowledge and the tales. But the storytelling tradition was basically oral, and only a few remnants suggest the wealth of that tradition. Amongst the most important are
2224:) also thrived. The poets organised themselves into a Guild to protect their professional status, and from time to time their rules were revised and updated. Perhaps the most important such revisions were those concerning patronage and poetic rank made at the
679:
of nine years to become fully qualified. The rules also set out the payment a poet could expect for his work. These payments varied according to how long a poet had been in training and also the demand for poetry at particular times during the year.
2581:
In the Middle Ages Welsh was used for all sorts of purposes and this is reflected in the type of prose materials that has survived from this period: original material and translations, tales and facts, religious and legal, history and medicine.
2275:(English: "Red Iolo") bridged between the periods of the Poets of the Princes and Poets of the Nobility. Early in his career he composed in the former tradition, but he was among the first to sing the praises of the nobles and others using the
2822:. Even the lives of the native saints were composed in Latin originally, and that a long time after the saint's actual life and so of little or no interest to those looking for actual historical information. Perhaps the two most important is
2119:
The poetry praises the military prowess of the prince in a language that is deliberately antiquarian and obscure, echoing the earlier praise poetry tradition of
Taliesin. There is also some religious poems and poetry in praise of women.
2107:
was the top of his profession, and a special chair was set aside for him in the court, in an honoured position next to the heir. When he performed he was expected to sing twice: once in honour of God, and once in honour of the king. The
2332:, where many of his patrons lived. He also wrote poems for other patrons in the four corners of Wales whose houses he visited on his journeys. He was a master of the praise tradition in poetry. Guto was also a soldier who fought on the
2777:
administrating the law (there were judges for that), but to writing it, to giving it permanence in words, to ordering words and sentences in such a way that what was stated should be quite clear" (Thomas Parry (1955), p. 68).
2112:(household poet) was one of the 24 officers of the court and he was responsible for singing for the military retinue before going into battle, and for the queen in the privacy of her chamber. The lowest ranking poets were the
1878:
invaders seem to break Welsh hearts in most of the early poetry, there are some poems of encouragement and the hope of an eventual and decisive defeat that would drive them back into the sea. One such poem is the 10th-century
1857:
are probably also 9th century, other parts of the cycle may be as late as the 11th or 12th century. These poems, in the form of monologues, express the sorrow and affliction felt at the loss of the eastern portion of the
1731:(Book of Taliesin). This manuscript contains a large body of later mystical poetry attributed to the poet, but scholars have recognised twelve poems that belong to the 6th century. They are all poems of praise: one for
2457:) was part of the 'official' poets' repertoire and sparingly used within the praise tradition to chastise a miserly patron. But it was in private poetic bouts with fellow poets that the satire tradition flourished.
674:
The professionalism of the poetic tradition was sustained by a Guild of Poets, or Order of Bards, with its own "rule book" emphasising the making of poetry as a craft. Under its rules poets undertook an
3928:
3223:
3152:
2313:(English: " the vanity and dissipation of the world"). He turns his back on the praise of nobles, which he sees as flattery and falsehood, and sets his eyes on the blessedness of heaven.
752:. Though it is dated to the 6th, 7th, and 8th centuries it has survived only in 13th- and 14th-century manuscript copies. Some of these early poets' names are known from the 9th-century
2885:
telling the history of Wales from the seventh century to the death of
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282. It is believed that the original and its translation were produced at the Cistercian
2099:
had a poet son and at least two poet grandsons—but it was becoming more and more usual for the craft of poetry to be taught formally, in bardic schools which might only be run by the
1766:
Taliesin's verses in praise of Urien and Owain became models for later poets, who turned to him for inspiration as they praised their own patrons in terms that he had used for his.
2359:, is one of the most significant poets of this period. It is said that he was exiled to south Wales for overstepping the mark in his poetry and spent the rest of his life outside
660:
and the loss of Welsh independence in any form in 1282 proved a crisis in the tradition, but one that was eventually overcome. It led to the innovation of the development of the
2231:
of 1523. The work of numerous poets of this period survives; some are anonymous, but very many are identified. Here are a few of the most prominent and influential of these:
697:
was not confined to the story tradition but also included a large body of both religious and practical works, in addition to a large amount translated from other languages.
2613:. They are written in Middle Welsh, the common literary language between the end of the eleventh century and the fourteenth century. They include the four tales that form
4983:
1866:) to the English, but they are also works where nature is an important element in the background, reflecting the main action and feelings of the poetry itself.
586:
4880:
4134:
3685:
1359:
3310:
3923:
2442:
some women did master the Welsh poetic craft and wrote poetry at this time, but only the work of one woman has survived in significant numbers, that of
4422:
2773:
of Wales in 1536, native Welsh law grew and developed organically and for that reason many more copies of it have survived than of the native tales.
621:
The Welsh language became distinct from other dialects of Old
British sometime between AD 400 and 700; the earliest surviving literature in Welsh is
3108:
2305:
is most famous for using his poetry in the service of his
Christian beliefs, and standing outside the tradition of praise of patron. He uses the
2198:
Much of the poetry of this period is praise poetry, in praise of the patron and his family, his ancestors, his house and his generosity; and the
270:
3399:
3723:
4437:
2846:
The Welsh medieval history texts belong to the class of literary creations, but the split into two distinct groups. While the first group,
2578:, a compendium of mnemonics for poets and storytellers. The stories that have survived are literary compositions based on oral tradition.
4863:
100:
3087:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press the Language and Literature Committee of the Board of Celtic Studies of the University of Wales.
1699:
579:
53:
2417:. Though he was a member of the medieval guild of poets and a notable upholder of that tradition, he was also closely associated with
72:
2123:
With the death of the last native prince of Wales in 1282, the tradition gradually disappears. In fact, Gruffudd ab yr Ynad Coch's (
640:
was regarded as the first in the line. The other aspect of the tradition was the professionalism of the poets and their reliance on
1653:
79:
3486:
5158:
4244:
2191:". After 1282 the poetic tradition survived by turning to the land-owning nobility to act as patrons, and these included some
4768:
3696:
3628:
3590:
3496:
3409:
3320:
2916:(1136). As such they were key works in shaping how the Welsh thought of themselves and others, tracing their origins back to
1586:
572:
4978:
4519:
1255:
86:
17:
5168:
5148:
5143:
4546:
2709:
1165:
383:
2216:
metre). The poetry was very often sung to the accompaniment of the harp. Though praise was the main matter of poetry,
328:
68:
4664:
3716:
3564:
3545:
3526:
3457:
3435:
3379:
3360:
3281:
3262:
3213:
3191:
3131:
3092:
3073:
2514:
2492:
2043:
2021:
1295:
119:
2485:
2014:
794:
Of the poets named here it is believed that works that can be identified as
Aneirin's and Taliesin's have survived.
4363:
4358:
2743:
920:
915:
614:. This includes material starting from the 5th century AD, when Welsh was in the process of becoming distinct from
4176:
1265:
4669:
2387:. He was one of the instigators of the Caerwys eisteddfod of 1523. In his final illness he took the habit of the
1151:
4885:
4905:
4308:
3987:
1692:
1354:
865:
57:
786:, and Bluchbard, and Cian, who is called Guenith Guaut, were all famous at the same time in British (that is,
413:
5090:
4343:
4338:
4288:
2715:
2618:
960:
900:
895:
845:
4998:
2239:
Wales's greatest poet worked during the period of the Poets of the
Nobility. He is known for such poems as "
204:
5018:
4988:
4644:
4556:
3935:
3709:
1909:
1146:
222:
358:
353:
343:
5048:
4910:
4748:
4594:
4454:
4194:
2924:
is derived from Brutus's name and originally meant "a history of Brutus" and then "a chronicle history".
1344:
1305:
169:
3651:
Hemming, Jessica. "Pale Horses and Green Dawns. Elusive Colour Terms in Early Welsh Heroic Poetry". In:
2282:
4654:
4237:
4206:
4122:
2281:. One of his main patrons was Ithel ap Robert, archdeacon of St Asaph. Perhaps his most famous work is
1816:
1369:
1223:
1027:
546:
541:
522:
517:
501:
496:
491:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
373:
93:
3608:
2056:
From c. 1100 to 1600 Welsh poetry can be divided roughly into two distinct periods: the period of the
1939:). The book also includes important poems which were probably not composed by Taliesin, including the
199:
5153:
5065:
4744:
4698:
4589:
4514:
4283:
4199:
4117:
3876:
3858:
2913:
2908:) is the name given to a number of texts that ultimately trace their origins back to translations of
2803:
2336:
side during the War of the Roses, but spent his last years as a lay guest at the
Cistercian abbey of
1685:
1339:
1006:
840:
745:
294:
3697:– A collection of translations of Welsh texts, along with links to the originals in the corpus above
1183:
1126:
4890:
4853:
4763:
4724:
4449:
4427:
4412:
4333:
4303:
4059:
3955:
3833:
2479:
2081:
2008:
1979:
1618:
890:
860:
629:("The Early Poets"), as they are known, then survives for over a thousand years to the work of the
230:
194:
4843:
4139:
3583:
Mary
Magdalene and her sister Martha : an edition and translation of the medieval Welsh lives
1310:
265:
260:
161:
5043:
4875:
4870:
4848:
4674:
4536:
4524:
4504:
4444:
4432:
3965:
3753:
3656:
2815:
2606:
2379:
was himself a nobleman and one of the greatest of the Poets of the
Nobility. Born in Llansannan,
2240:
2064:
who worked from 1282 until the period of the English incorporation of Wales in the 16th century.
1300:
531:
481:
235:
46:
1213:
4649:
4604:
4417:
4298:
3868:
3514:
2496:
2171:
2025:
975:
855:
683:
Alongside the court poet, kings, princes and nobles patronised an official storyteller (Welsh:
368:
3999:
2527:
It is believed that the earliest written Welsh is a marginal note of some sixty-four words in
5163:
5053:
4968:
4900:
4858:
4820:
4788:
4609:
4385:
4230:
4092:
4054:
4039:
4034:
4029:
3788:
2667:
2147:
2131:, is one of the most notable poems of the era. Other prominent poets of this period include:
2080:(The Less Early Poets). The main source for the poetry of the 12th and 13th centuries is the
1613:
1561:
1546:
1374:
1245:
986:
378:
313:
135:
2701:
2563:, dates from the ninth century, or even earlier, and is a record of a legal case over land.
5095:
4834:
4639:
4181:
4107:
4077:
4064:
4014:
4009:
3977:
3972:
3960:
3813:
3768:
3758:
2909:
2886:
2859:
2737:
2159:
2128:
2088:
1788:
1566:
1442:
1188:
1141:
393:
318:
189:
179:
150:
4353:
2605:
is a convenient label for a collection of tales preserved in two manuscripts known as the
1777:, a near-contemporary of Taliesin, wrote a series of poems to create one long poem called
1250:
910:
8:
5078:
4930:
4895:
4551:
4348:
4186:
4112:
4097:
4082:
3940:
3913:
3883:
3838:
3778:
3773:
3763:
3748:
3732:
2610:
2244:
1983:
1628:
1623:
1489:
1331:
1260:
1178:
905:
787:
603:
442:
428:
363:
338:
333:
308:
280:
209:
174:
5073:
4940:
4805:
4797:
4729:
4684:
4499:
4373:
4313:
4211:
4171:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4129:
4102:
4069:
4044:
4024:
3994:
3908:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3863:
3843:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3808:
3798:
3793:
3102:
2688:
2680:
2408:
2360:
2337:
2252:
1966:
1784:
1447:
943:
870:
775:
754:
657:
653:
423:
348:
146:
1908:
found in the 9th-century Juvencus Manuscript (Cambridge MS Ff. 4.42), which is now at
388:
5008:
5003:
4960:
4659:
4566:
4541:
4486:
4468:
4293:
4146:
4087:
4004:
3945:
3918:
3903:
3853:
3803:
3783:
3743:
3677:
3624:
3586:
3560:
3541:
3522:
3492:
3453:
3431:
3405:
3375:
3356:
3316:
3277:
3258:
3209:
3187:
3127:
3088:
3069:
2900:
2873:
2854:
2848:
2659:
2548:
2418:
1839:
1536:
1290:
1237:
1116:
1059:
1046:
850:
562:
418:
323:
303:
285:
275:
3620:
5028:
5023:
4778:
4711:
4679:
4627:
4509:
4494:
4477:
4407:
4402:
4318:
4275:
4265:
4166:
4019:
3982:
3950:
3848:
3616:
2723:
2675:
Two more are native tales embodying traditions about the early history of Britain:
2643:
2425:
literature to be published in print was Gruffudd's collection of proverbs in 1547,
2256:
1859:
1727:
1600:
1531:
1402:
1397:
1364:
1111:
965:
875:
830:
810:
615:
408:
255:
250:
3691:
4973:
4922:
4529:
4049:
3299:
3142:
2811:
2765:
2443:
2248:
1949:
1820:
1808:
1760:
1521:
1494:
1412:
1121:
1042:
767:
622:
398:
240:
184:
3478:
The Welsh marginalia in the Lichfield Gospels. Part II: The 'surexit' memorandum
2309:
for his work, to attack the sins of this world. Perhaps his most famous poem is
1208:
5013:
4810:
4773:
4758:
4753:
4395:
4390:
4328:
3147:. Translated by Williams, J. E. Caerwyn. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
2917:
2807:
2729:
2697:
2555:
2422:
2364:
2321:
2153:
2135:
2096:
1638:
1556:
1551:
1508:
1484:
1476:
1462:
1388:
970:
951:
885:
801:
714:
676:
664:
607:
214:
5137:
5083:
4815:
4739:
3353:
The Medieval Welsh religious lyric : poems of the Gogynfeirdd, 1137–1282
2352:
2175:
2141:
1975:
1961:
1924:
1890:
1881:
1853:
is generally thought to be from the 9th century; while the earliest parts of
1608:
1541:
1516:
1198:
1136:
1078:
981:
955:
5123:
5100:
4830:
4571:
3206:
The Gododdin of Aneirin : text and context from Dark-Age North Britain
2575:
2380:
2329:
2325:
1875:
1834:
1756:
1732:
1673:
1643:
1633:
1427:
1321:
933:
3068:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press on behalf of the Welsh Arts Council.
2302:
2181:
644:
from kings, princes and nobles for their living, similar to the way Irish
5038:
3315:. Translated by Bromwich, Rachel. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
2827:
2795:
2651:
2298:
2268:
2085:
1894:
1845:
1648:
1452:
1407:
1285:
1270:
1203:
1054:
625:
dating from this period. The poetic tradition represented in the work of
611:
3692:
Welsh Prose 1350–1425 – Online searchable corpus of Medieval Welsh prose
2204:
is the most popular poetic metre used. Because of the popularity of the
724:
The oldest Welsh literature does not belong to the territory we know as
4734:
4323:
3611:, in Rouse, Robert; Echard, Sian; Fulton, Helen; Rector, Geoff (eds.),
2601:
2594:
2433:; English:"All the wisdom of a Welshman's head (collected) together").
2404:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2341:
2228:
1863:
1779:
1722:
1432:
1417:
1218:
1131:
1091:
1086:
1064:
880:
737:
689:
3701:
3199:
A translation into English including notes, glossary and bibliography.
1437:
4935:
4719:
4599:
4581:
2799:
2769:
2757:
2637:
2543:
2539:
2272:
1800:
1275:
1193:
1101:
1011:
749:
705:
In Welsh literature the period before 1100 is known as the period of
641:
3255:
The poetry of Llywarch Hen : introduction, text and translation
35:
3559:. : University of Wales Press on behalf of the Welsh Arts Council.
3274:
Early Welsh saga poetry : a study and edition of the englynion
2761:
1932:
1812:
1792:
1718:
1173:
783:
733:
668:
637:
2383:, his most important patrons were the Salisbury family of Dyffryn
2060:
who worked before the loss of Welsh independence in 1282, and the
4222:
3480:, Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies, vol. 7, pp. 91–120
2631:
2356:
2333:
2225:
2195:
lords who had successfully integrated themselves with the Welsh.
2192:
2124:
1905:
1897:
forces defeating the English and restoring Britain to the Welsh.
1886:
1774:
1457:
1106:
1022:
1017:
779:
759:
741:
729:
718:
245:
3312:
Armes Prydein: The Prophecy of Britain from the Book of Taliesin
819:
4561:
2421:, Wales' leading Renaissance scholar. In fact one of the first
2413:
2277:
2234:
2217:
2200:
1901:
1804:
1752:
1526:
661:
403:
27:
Literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages
3657:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.26818/nortamerceltstud.1.2.0189
4253:
3401:
Poems of the Cywyddwyr: A Selection of Cywyddau, C. 1375-1525
2835:
2819:
2625:
2534:
2411:
was one of the foremost poets of the 16th century to use the
2384:
1956:
1928:
1919:
1796:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1422:
1280:
725:
694:
649:
3450:
Canu maswedd yr oesoedd canol (Medieval Welsh erotic poetry)
2559:. The marginal note, known from its opening (Latin) word as
652:
were patronized for the production of complex, often highly
3488:
Pedeir Keinc Y Mabinogi (The four branches of the Mabinogi)
3126:. Translated by Pennar, Meirion. Lampeter: Llanerch. 1988.
2881:) consists of variant Welsh translations of Latin original
2188:
2067:
1096:
713:("The Old Poetry"). It roughly dates from the birth of the
645:
3585:. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
2920:, the mythical founder of Britain. In fact the Welsh word
1825:(The Book of Aneirin), a manuscript dating from c. 1265.
3615:, Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–2,
2994:
1960:), and the Book of Aneirin has preserved an early Welsh
1900:
This period also produced religious poetry, such as the
1815:
in the north east of England. This battle was fought at
3538:
The Law of Hywel Dda : law texts of medieval Wales
2830:, or, David") written by Rhygyfarch in about 1094, and
2182:
Poets of the Nobility, or Cywyddwyr (c. 1300 – c. 1600)
2084:, an anthology of court poetry brought together at the
667:, a looser definition of praise, and a reliance on the
3240:
Gives access to colour images of the entire manuscript
3169:
Gives access to colour images of the entire manuscript
3018:
2585:
2255:". For more information about his life and work, see
1912:. In the Book of Taliesin we find a 9th-century poem
3686:
List of Welsh language poets (6th century to c.1600)
3667:
3083:
Williams, Ifor, Sir (1972). Bromwich, Rachel (ed.).
3030:
1885:
from the Book of Taliesin which sees a coalition of
2970:
2946:
2436:
2138:, fl. c. 1100–1137; the earliest of the Gogynfeirdd
1849:, dates from a somewhat later period: the whole of
740:), and so could be classified as being composed in
636:The core tradition was praise poetry; and the poet
618:, and continuing to the works of the 16th century.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3613:The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain
3153:"Book of Taliesin | The National Library of Wales"
2852:, tends to stick to historical facts, the second,
2347:
2316:
3066:The Cynfeirdd : early Welsh poets and poetry
2982:
2934:
2371:
2208:, this period is also known as the period of the
5135:
2650:Two are native tales embodying traditions about
2542:but now in the library of St. Chad's Cathedral,
2292:
2262:
1978:, prophetic poetry, and religious poetry in the
3513:
3006:
2958:
2838:") written by Lifris of Llancarfan in c. 1100.
2398:
3301:Early Welsh Gnomic Poems. Edited by K. Jackson
3224:"Llyfr Aneirin | Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru"
3184:Y Gododdin : Britain's oldest heroic poem
721:in Wales towards the end of the 11th century.
4238:
3717:
3443:Translated into English with an introduction.
3052:
1693:
766:lists the famous poets from the time of King
580:
3257:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3107:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2663:the earliest Arthurian tale in any language;
2235:Dafydd ap Gwilym (c. 1315/20 – c. 1350/1370)
3475:
3339:
2566:The native Welsh storyteller, known as the
2170:A rather different poet of this period was
2095:Bardic families were still common—the poet
1986:is also believed to date from this period.
700:
4245:
4231:
3724:
3710:
2818:survive, all translations into Welsh from
2798:, both native ones like Beuno, Curig, and
2166:(English: "Pigs' Poet")), fl. 1174/5-1220.
1828:
1819:in about the year 598. It has survived in
1700:
1686:
758:, traditionally ascribed to the historian
587:
573:
3580:
3476:Jenkins, Dafydd; Owen, Mofydd E. (1984),
3404:. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
2515:Learn how and when to remove this message
2044:Learn how and when to remove this message
1989:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3653:North American Journal of Celtic Studies
3574:
3447:
3425:
3397:
3369:
3308:
3140:
3082:
3036:
3024:
2976:
2952:
2478:This section includes a list of general
2068:Poets of the Princes (c. 1100 – c. 1300)
2007:This section includes a list of general
1927:), probably produced by a court poet in
3731:
3535:
3350:
3297:
3271:
3085:The beginnings of Welsh poetry: studies
3000:
2700:, showing the influence of French poet
1747:; and nine other poems associated with
14:
5136:
3521:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
3484:
3374:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
3208:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
3181:
3063:
2988:
2940:
2789:
2344:(a short distance from Glyn Ceiriog).
4226:
3705:
3554:
3355:. Belmont, Mass.: Ford & Bailie.
1869:
1739:about 580; two for Gwallawg, king of
1721:has been preserved in a 14th-century
3606:
3393:Poets of the Nobility, or, Cywyddwyr
3252:
3203:
3012:
2964:
2892:
2865:
2464:
1993:
1743:, a kingdom based around the modern
1256:Catholic Church of England and Wales
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3298:Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone (1935).
2768:, in about 945. At this conference
2751:
2174:(d. 1170) who as the son of Prince
1311:Disestablishment of Church in Wales
24:
4252:
3645:
3304:. University of Wales Press Board.
2780:
2710:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain
2696:The final three are the Arthurian
2484:it lacks sufficient corresponding
2013:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
5180:
3540:. Llandysul, Dyfed: Gomer Press.
2802:and the more general such as the
2287:in praise of Owain Glyndŵr's home
2072:In Welsh this period is known as
5117:
4359:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542
3670:
3607:Boyd, Matthieu (3 August 2017),
3469:
3398:Rowlands, Eurys I., ed. (1976).
3370:Williams, J. E. Caerwyn (1994).
2841:
2744:Perceval, the Story of the Grail
2538:), a gospel book originating in
2469:
2437:Other voices in poetry 1300–1600
1998:
1667:
916:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542
818:
656:forms of verse. The fall of the
556:
34:
3621:10.1002/9781118396957.wbemlb647
2858:, is the fantastic creation of
2355:, born at Nanmor (or Nantmor),
2348:Dafydd Nanmor (fl. 1450 – 1490)
2317:Guto'r Glyn (c. 1435 – c. 1493)
2178:, was not a professional poet.
2127:1277–83) elegy on the death of
45:needs additional citations for
3452:. Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr : Seren.
3448:Johnston, Dafydd, ed. (1998).
3426:Johnston, Dafydd, ed. (1993).
3372:The poets of the Welsh Princes
2460:
2372:Tudur Aled (c. 1465 – c. 1525)
2297:Traditionally associated with
1974:). Much of the nature poetry,
728:today, but rather to northern
13:
1:
5159:History of the Welsh language
4995:Non-Christian belief systems
3581:Cartright, Jane, ed. (2013).
3557:Medieval religious literature
3351:McKenna, Catherin A. (1991).
2927:
2716:Yvain, the Knight of the Lion
2619:Four Branches of the Mabinogi
2449:The prophetic poetry (Welsh:
2293:Siôn Cent (c. 1400 – 1430/45)
2263:Iolo Goch (c. 1325 – c. 1398)
1945:The Great Prophecy of Britain
1251:Christianity in Roman Britain
2431:Holl synnwyr pen Cymro i gyd
2427:Oll synnwyr pen Kembero ygyd
2399:Gruffudd Hiraethog (d. 1564)
2091:from about 1282 until 1350.
1910:Cambridge University Library
1751:, a ruler of the kingdom of
7:
3663:
3309:Williams, Sir Ifor (1972).
2212:(poets who wrote using the
1833:The poetry associated with
1712:
748:dialect closely related to
69:"Medieval Welsh literature"
10:
5185:
5091:Prince of Wales's feathers
3655:1, no. 2 (2017): 189–223.
3600:
3046:
2592:
2363:. The 20th-century critic
2076:(Poets of the Princes) or
1769:
1654:Inventions and discoveries
1370:Welsh historical documents
1224:List of festivals in Wales
778:was famed for poetry, and
5169:Medieval history of Wales
5149:Welsh-language literature
5144:Medieval Welsh literature
5113:
5064:
4959:
4921:
4829:
4796:
4787:
4710:
4706:
4697:
4635:
4626:
4580:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4381:
4372:
4274:
4261:
3739:
3182:Jarman, A. O. H. (1988).
3064:Jarman, A. O. H. (1981).
2914:Historia Regum Britanniae
2804:Mary, the mother of Jesus
2760:summoned a conference at
2311:I wagedd ac oferedd y byd
1007:Traditional Welsh costume
717:until the arrival of the
600:Medieval Welsh literature
4665:Housing and construction
3555:Evans, D. Simon (1986).
3536:Jenkins, Dafydd (1986).
3053:Welsh poetry before 1100
2879:Chronicle of the Princes
2632:Branwen daughter of Llŷr
2586:Native Welsh tales, or,
2546:, and also known as the
2429:(Modern Welsh spelling:
2082:Hendregadredd manuscript
1980:Black Book of Carmarthen
701:Welsh poetry before 1100
5049:1904–1905 Welsh revival
5044:Welsh Methodist revival
3485:Davies, Sioned (1993).
3272:Rowland, Jenny (1990).
3248:Llywarch Hen and Heledd
3141:Williams, Ifor (1987).
2816:Catherine of Alexandria
2615:Pedair Cainc y Mabinogi
2607:White Book of Rhydderch
2499:more precise citations.
2241:The Girls of Llanbadarn
2028:more precise citations.
1829:Llywarch Hen and Heledd
1306:1904–1905 Welsh Revival
1301:Welsh Methodist revival
709:("The Early Poets") or
3515:Charles-Edwards, T. M.
3428:Iolo Goch : poems
3340:Welsh poetry 1100–1600
3204:Koch, John T. (1997).
2906:Chronicle of the Kings
2561:The Surexit memorandum
2172:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
2103:(chief musician). The
1990:Welsh poetry 1100–1600
1184:Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau
976:Welsh-medium education
5054:Welsh Church Act 1914
4821:British Sign Language
3575:Welsh religious texts
3144:The Poems of Taliesin
2756:Tradition holds that
2668:The Dream of Rhonabwy
2638:Manawydan son of Llŷr
2626:Pwyll prince of Dyfed
2156:, fl. c. 1220–58; and
2148:Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr
2062:Poets of the Nobility
1787:, fought between the
1755:, located around the
1375:Welsh-language comics
633:in the 16th century.
631:Poets of the Nobility
563:Literature portal
136:History of literature
4610:British Armed Forces
4450:Wales–England border
3253:Ford, P. K. (1974).
3186:. Llandysul: Gomer.
2910:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2887:Strata Florida Abbey
2860:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2738:Peredur son of Efrog
2644:Math son of Mathonwy
2572:Trioedd Ynys Prydain
2389:Order of St. Francis
2160:Llywarch ap Llywelyn
2129:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
2089:Strata Florida Abbey
2058:Poets of the Princes
1587:World Heritage Sites
54:improve this article
18:Poets of the Princes
4769:Scheduled monuments
4745:Literature in Welsh
4645:Banking and finance
4423:Mountains and hills
4349:Statute of Rhuddlan
3733:European literature
3228:www.llyfrgell.cymru
2796:lives of the saints
2790:Lives of the saints
2611:Red Book of Hergest
2324:is associated with
2245:Trouble at a Tavern
2150:; fl. c. 1155–1200;
2144:, fl. c. 1258–1284;
2074:Beirdd y Tywysogion
1984:Red Book of Hergest
1624:Flag of Saint David
1391:and performing arts
1261:Celtic Christianity
1179:Dydd Santes Dwynwen
906:Statute of Rhuddlan
364:Old Church Slavonic
354:Maharashtri Prakrit
4936:Healthcare service
4557:Secretary of State
4339:Edwardian conquest
4329:Medieval Welsh law
4314:Kingdom of Gwynedd
3293:Other early poetry
2702:Chrétien de Troyes
2689:The Dream of Maxen
2681:Lludd and Llefelys
2409:Gruffudd Hiraethog
1870:Other early poetry
1791:of the kingdom of
1785:Battle of Catraeth
896:Edwardian conquest
886:Medieval Welsh law
871:Kingdom of Gwynedd
790:or Welsh) poetry."
776:Talhaiarn Tataguen
755:Historia Brittonum
658:Kingdom of Gwynedd
359:Pre-Proto-Mongolic
5131:
5130:
5109:
5108:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4693:
4692:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4547:Political parties
4463:
4462:
4354:Glyndŵr rebellion
4309:Early Middle Ages
4220:
4219:
3678:Literature portal
3630:978-1-118-39695-7
3592:978-0-8132-2188-5
3498:978-1-85902-005-0
3411:978-1-85500-091-9
3322:978-0-901282-56-9
3157:www.library.wales
3003:, p. 388–89.
2901:Brut y Brenhinedd
2894:Brut y Brenhinedd
2874:Brut y Tywysogion
2867:Brut y Tywysogion
2855:Brut y Brenhinedd
2849:Brut y Tywysogion
2660:Culhwch and Olwen
2549:Lichfield Gospels
2525:
2524:
2517:
2419:William Salesbury
2267:From the Vale of
2054:
2053:
2046:
1931:to celebrate the
1904:in praise of the
1843:and with Heledd,
1840:Canu Llywarch Hen
1783:. It records the
1710:
1709:
1291:William Salesbury
1246:Religion in Wales
1189:Saint David's Day
1060:Matter of Britain
1028:Historic counties
911:Glyndŵr rebellion
866:Early Middle Ages
693:. Medieval Welsh
597:
596:
510:Modern by century
251:Classical Chinese
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5176:
5154:Welsh literature
5124:Wales portal
5122:
5121:
5120:
4794:
4793:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4633:
4632:
4600:Modern Welsh law
4515:Local government
4483:
4482:
4474:
4473:
4379:
4378:
4344:Late Middle Ages
4319:Kingdom of Powys
4304:Anglo-Welsh Wars
4247:
4240:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4143:
4073:
3932:
3872:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3596:
3570:
3551:
3532:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3481:
3463:
3441:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3385:
3366:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3305:
3287:
3268:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3197:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3137:
3112:
3106:
3098:
3079:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2786:mystical works.
2752:Native Welsh law
2724:Geraint and Enid
2520:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2495:this section by
2486:inline citations
2473:
2472:
2465:
2257:Dafydd ap Gwilym
2049:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2024:this section by
2015:inline citations
2002:
2001:
1994:
1860:Kingdom of Powys
1702:
1695:
1688:
1674:Wales portal
1672:
1671:
1670:
1403:Welsh folk music
1214:Gŵyl San Steffan
1117:Selsig Morgannwg
1055:Arthurian legend
966:Welsh placenames
901:Late Middle Ages
876:Kingdom of Powys
861:Anglo-Welsh Wars
822:
813:
811:Culture of Wales
797:
796:
616:Common Brittonic
589:
582:
575:
561:
560:
559:
329:Gandhari Prakrit
170:Ancient Egyptian
141:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5118:
5116:
5105:
5060:
4989:Presbyterianism
4947:
4917:
4849:Welsh Americans
4825:
4783:
4689:
4675:Slate quarrying
4614:
4590:Counsel General
4576:
4459:
4428:Protected areas
4368:
4334:Norman invasion
4270:
4257:
4251:
4221:
4216:
4207:Western Lombard
4177:Turkish Cypriot
4137:
4123:Scottish Gaelic
4071:
3926:
3870:
3735:
3730:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3648:
3646:Further reading
3643:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3603:
3593:
3577:
3567:
3548:
3529:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3472:
3460:
3438:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3382:
3363:
3342:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3284:
3276:. D.S. Brewer.
3265:
3232:
3230:
3222:
3216:
3194:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3134:
3122:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3076:
3055:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2897:
2870:
2844:
2812:Martin of Tours
2792:
2783:
2781:Religious texts
2766:Carmarthenshire
2754:
2597:
2591:
2521:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2491:Please help to
2490:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2444:Gwerful Mechain
2439:
2401:
2374:
2350:
2319:
2295:
2265:
2237:
2184:
2162:(also known as
2070:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2020:Please help to
2019:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1972:Dinogad's Smock
1950:Preiddeu Annwfn
1872:
1831:
1772:
1759:, and his son,
1715:
1706:
1668:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1619:National anthem
1604:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1499:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1467:
1413:Welsh stepdance
1393:
1392:
1380:
1379:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1315:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1228:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1156:
1127:Welsh breakfast
1122:Tatws Pum Munud
1082:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1050:
1049:
1034:
1033:
1016:Land division (
1002:
1001:
992:
991:
947:
946:
928:
927:
926:
925:
891:Norman invasion
834:
833:
809:
774:"At that time,
703:
671:for patronage.
606:written in the
593:
557:
555:
319:Byzantine Greek
256:Classical Latin
241:Ancient Prakrit
139:
138:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5182:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5129:
5128:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4965:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4933:
4927:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4670:Power stations
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4586:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4512:
4507:
4505:First Minister
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4433:National parks
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4266:List of topics
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256: articles
4250:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4227:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3988:Northern Irish
3980:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3877:Middle English
3874:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3682:
3681:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3629:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3591:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3552:
3546:
3533:
3527:
3519:The Welsh laws
3511:
3497:
3482:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3458:
3445:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3367:
3361:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3321:
3306:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3269:
3263:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3220:
3214:
3201:
3192:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3149:
3138:
3132:
3124:Taliesin Poems
3115:
3114:
3113:
3093:
3080:
3074:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2945:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2918:Brutus of Troy
2896:
2891:
2869:
2864:
2843:
2840:
2826:("The life of
2808:Mary Magdalene
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2734:
2730:Erec and Enide
2720:
2698:Welsh Romances
2694:
2693:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2593:Main article:
2590:
2584:
2523:
2522:
2477:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2438:
2435:
2400:
2397:
2373:
2370:
2365:Saunders Lewis
2349:
2346:
2318:
2315:
2294:
2291:
2264:
2261:
2236:
2233:
2183:
2180:
2168:
2167:
2164:Prydydd y Moch
2157:
2154:Dafydd Benfras
2151:
2145:
2139:
2136:Meilyr Brydydd
2097:Meilyr Brydydd
2069:
2066:
2052:
2051:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1955:The Spoils of
1871:
1868:
1830:
1827:
1771:
1768:
1728:Llyfr Taliesin
1717:The poetry of
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:Welsh heraldry
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:Welsh bagpipes
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:William Morgan
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:Food festivals
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1009:
1003:
999:
998:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
984:
979:
973:
971:Welsh surnames
968:
963:
958:
948:
942:
941:
940:
937:
936:
930:
929:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
837:
836:
835:
829:
828:
827:
824:
823:
815:
814:
806:
805:
792:
791:
770:, AD 547–559:
736:(collectively
715:Welsh language
702:
699:
677:apprenticeship
608:Welsh language
595:
594:
592:
591:
584:
577:
569:
566:
565:
552:
551:
550:
549:
544:
536:
535:
528:
527:
526:
525:
520:
512:
511:
507:
506:
505:
504:
499:
494:
486:
485:
478:
477:
476:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
447:
446:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
298:
297:
295:Early medieval
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
236:Ancient Hebrew
233:
227:
226:
218:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
195:Hurro-Urartian
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
166:
165:
155:
154:
143:
142:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5181:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5126:
5125:
5112:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5084:national flag
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4816:Welsh English
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:Gorsedd Cymru
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:Police forces
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Republicanism
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4255:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3871:(Anglo-Saxon)
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Crimean Tatar
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3668:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3632:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3568:
3566:0-7083-0938-0
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3547:0-86383-277-6
3543:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3528:0-7083-1032-X
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3461:
3459:1-85411-234-1
3455:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3437:0-86383-707-7
3433:
3429:
3424:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3381:0-7083-1206-3
3377:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3362:0-926689-02-9
3358:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3285:
3283:0-85991-275-2
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3264:0-520-02601-2
3260:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3215:0-7083-1374-4
3211:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3193:0-86383-354-3
3189:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3133:0-947992-24-3
3129:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3096:
3094:0-7083-0035-9
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3075:0-7083-0813-9
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3038:
3037:Johnston 1993
3033:
3027:, p. ix.
3026:
3025:Johnston 1993
3021:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2977:Williams 1987
2973:
2966:
2961:
2954:
2953:Williams 1994
2949:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2842:History texts
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:Buchedd Cadog
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:About thirty
2787:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2519:
2516:
2508:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:Dafydd Nanmor
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2289:at Sycharth.
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2179:
2177:
2176:Owain Gwynedd
2173:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:Bleddyn Fardd
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2116:(musicians).
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:Y Gogynfeirdd
2075:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2048:
2045:
2037:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:gnomic poetry
1973:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1962:nursery rhyme
1959:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1941:Armes Prydein
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:Pembrokeshire
1922:
1921:
1918:In Praise of
1915:
1914:Edmyg Dinbych
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1882:Armes Prydein
1877:
1867:
1865:
1862:(present day
1861:
1856:
1855:Canu Llywarch
1852:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:Llyfr Aneirin
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1799:, the modern
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Welsh rarebit
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Gower cuisine
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
988:
985:
983:
982:Welsh English
980:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Y Fro Gymraeg
953:
950:
949:
945:
939:
938:
935:
932:
931:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
832:
826:
825:
821:
817:
816:
812:
808:
807:
803:
799:
798:
795:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:Yr Hen Ogledd
735:
732:and southern
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
698:
696:
692:
691:
686:
681:
678:
672:
670:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
590:
585:
583:
578:
576:
571:
570:
568:
567:
564:
554:
553:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
538:
537:
533:
530:
529:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
514:
513:
509:
508:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
488:
487:
483:
480:
479:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
449:
448:
444:
441:
440:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
299:
296:
293:
292:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
231:Ancient Greek
229:
228:
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
159:
158:
157:
156:
152:
148:
145:
144:
137:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5164:Welsh poetry
5115:
5101:Welsh Dragon
4969:Christianity
4789:Demographics
4747: /
4572:Wales Office
4537:Local rulers
4386:Biodiversity
4289:Bibliography
3869:Old English
3754:Anglo-Norman
3652:
3634:, retrieved
3612:
3582:
3556:
3537:
3518:
3510:</ref>
3502:. Retrieved
3487:
3477:
3449:
3442:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3400:
3392:
3371:
3352:
3345:
3326:. Retrieved
3311:
3300:
3292:
3273:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3231:. Retrieved
3227:
3205:
3198:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3160:. Retrieved
3156:
3143:
3123:
3117:
3084:
3065:
3058:
3039:, p. x.
3032:
3020:
3008:
3001:Rowland 1990
2996:
2984:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2921:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2831:
2824:Buchedd Dewi
2823:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2755:
2742:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2708:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2649:
2614:
2600:
2598:
2587:
2580:
2576:Welsh Triads
2571:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2554:The Book of
2553:
2547:
2533:The Book of
2532:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2505:October 2022
2502:
2483:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2430:
2426:
2412:
2403:A native of
2402:
2391:and died in
2381:Denbighshire
2375:
2351:
2338:Valle Crucis
2330:Denbighshire
2326:Glyn Ceiriog
2320:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2284:
2276:
2266:
2238:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2185:
2169:
2163:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2040:
2034:October 2022
2031:
2012:
1971:
1967:Peis Dinogat
1965:
1954:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1923:, a town in
1917:
1913:
1899:
1895:Scandinavian
1880:
1873:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1835:Llywarch Hen
1832:
1821:
1807:kingdoms of
1795:(centred on
1778:
1773:
1765:
1757:Solway Firth
1749:Urien Rheged
1733:Cynan Garwyn
1726:
1716:
1644:Celtic cross
1634:Welsh Dragon
1614:Coat of arms
1562:Rugby League
1547:Horse Racing
1428:Cymanfa Ganu
1349:
1209:Gŵyl Mabsant
1142:Welsh dishes
987:Welsh Romani
846:Bibliography
793:
763:
753:
723:
710:
706:
704:
688:
684:
682:
673:
654:alliterative
635:
630:
626:
620:
599:
598:
532:Contemporary
482:Early modern
433:
221:
160:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5096:Royal Badge
5039:Saint David
4979:Catholicism
4974:Anglicanism
4650:Coal mining
4640:Agriculture
4542:Nationalism
4138: [
4072:(Provençal)
4060:Montenegrin
3927: [
3609:"Cynfeirdd"
3470:Welsh prose
3430:. : Gomer.
2989:Jarman 1988
2941:Jarman 1981
2652:King Arthur
2529:Llyfr Teilo
2497:introducing
2461:Welsh prose
2455:canu dychan
2322:Guto'r Glyn
2299:Breconshire
2253:The Seagull
2110:bardd teulu
2026:introducing
1876:Anglo-Saxon
1874:Though the
1851:Canu Heledd
1846:Canu Heledd
1649:Celtic knot
1629:Other flags
1567:Rugby Union
1453:Triple harp
1438:Noson Lawen
1408:Welsh dance
1286:Welsh Bible
1271:Saint David
1266:Celtic Rite
1204:Calan Gaeaf
1147:Restaurants
1102:Cawl Cennin
711:Yr Hengerdd
707:Y Cynfeirdd
627:Y Cynfeirdd
612:Middle Ages
610:during the
369:Old English
271:Old Persian
5138:Categories
4931:Healthcare
4891:Scientists
4854:Architects
4749:in English
4735:Eisteddfod
4510:Government
4495:Devolution
4478:Government
4455:Waterfalls
4324:Deheubarth
4294:Prehistory
4195:in English
4093:Portuguese
4040:Macedonian
4035:Luxembourg
4030:Lithuanian
3789:Belarusian
2928:References
2834:("Life of
2602:Mabinogion
2595:Mabinogion
2588:Mabinogion
2480:references
2405:Llangollen
2393:Carmarthen
2377:Tudur Aled
2342:Llangollen
2229:eisteddfod
2114:cerddorion
2086:Cistercian
2009:references
1864:Shropshire
1803:) and the
1780:Y Gododdin
1735:, king of
1723:manuscript
1490:Television
1433:Cynghanedd
1418:Cerdd Dant
1345:in English
1332:Literature
1219:Eisteddfod
1199:Calan Awst
1132:Welsh cake
1092:Bara Lafwr
1087:Bara brith
1065:Mabinogion
1000:Traditions
881:Deheubarth
851:Prehistory
690:Mabinogion
648:and Norse
604:literature
534:by century
484:by century
445:by century
389:Old Turkic
374:Old German
162:Bronze Age
80:newspapers
4984:Mormonism
4876:Musicians
4871:Inventors
4806:Languages
4798:Languages
4730:Education
4685:Transport
4655:Companies
4500:Elections
4374:Geography
4299:Roman Era
4182:Ukrainian
4108:Sardinian
4078:Old Norse
4065:Norwegian
4010:Kashubian
3978:Icelandic
3973:Hungarian
3814:Bulgarian
3769:Aromanian
3759:Aragonese
3636:7 October
3504:7 October
3491:. Gomer.
3417:7 October
3328:7 October
3233:7 October
3162:7 October
3103:cite book
3013:Ford 1974
2965:Boyd 2017
2800:Gwenfrewi
2770:Welsh law
2758:Hywel Dda
2599:The name
2574:, or the
2568:cyfarwydd
2544:Lichfield
2540:Llandeilo
2535:St. Teilo
2451:canu brud
2303:Siôn Cent
2273:Iolo Goch
2210:Cywyddwyr
1902:englynion
1817:Catterick
1801:Edinburgh
1725:known as
1580:Monuments
1276:Dubricius
1194:Calan Mai
1166:Festivals
1043:Mythology
1012:Welsh law
944:Languages
856:Roman Era
788:Brythonic
750:Old Welsh
746:Brythonic
685:cyfarwydd
642:patronage
429:Tocharian
384:Old Malay
379:Old Khmer
276:Old Tamil
223:Classical
5035:History
5009:Hinduism
5004:Buddhism
4961:Religion
4906:in Welsh
4660:Forestry
4567:Unionism
4487:Politics
4469:Politics
4364:Colonies
4284:Timeline
4200:in Welsh
4187:Venetian
4135:Silesian
4113:Scottish
4098:Romanian
4083:Ossetian
4070:Occitan
4055:Moldovan
4000:Jèrriais
3961:medieval
3941:Georgian
3936:Galician
3914:Friulian
3884:Estonian
3839:Croatian
3779:Austrian
3774:Asturian
3764:Armenian
3749:Albanian
3664:See also
3517:(1989).
3118:Taliesin
2762:Whitland
2609:and the
2556:St. Chad
2249:The Wind
2220:(Welsh:
2105:pencerdd
2101:pencerdd
1982:and the
1935:(Welsh:
1933:New Year
1813:Bernicia
1793:Gododdin
1719:Taliesin
1713:Taliesin
1537:Football
1350:Medieval
1340:in Welsh
1238:Religion
1174:Calennig
1047:folklore
921:Colonies
841:Timeline
802:a series
800:Part of
784:Taliesin
764:Historia
734:Scotland
669:nobility
638:Taliesin
443:Medieval
344:Japanese
339:Georgian
314:Bactrian
309:Armenian
281:Sanskrit
266:Phrygian
261:Parthian
210:Sumerian
175:Akkadian
110:May 2024
5066:Symbols
5029:Sikhism
5024:Druidry
5019:Judaism
4999:Bahá'ís
4901:Writers
4886:Royalty
4859:Artists
4779:Theatre
4764:Museums
4725:Castles
4712:Culture
4699:Society
4680:Tourism
4628:Economy
4520:History
4413:Islands
4408:Geology
4403:Climate
4276:History
4212:Yiddish
4172:Turkish
4162:Swedish
4157:Spanish
4152:Slovene
4130:Serbian
4103:Russian
4045:Maltese
4025:Latvian
4015:Kosovar
3995:Italian
3956:ancient
3909:Frisian
3899:Flemish
3894:Finnish
3889:Faroese
3864:English
3844:Cypriot
3829:Cornish
3824:Chuvash
3819:Catalan
3809:British
3799:Bosnian
3794:Belgian
3601:General
3346:General
3177:Aneirin
3059:General
3047:Sources
2883:annales
2741:, from
2727:, from
2713:, from
2493:improve
2361:Gwynedd
2357:Gwynedd
2340:, near
2334:Yorkist
2251:" and "
2226:Caerwys
2022:improve
1906:Trinity
1891:British
1789:Britons
1775:Aneirin
1770:Aneirin
1601:Symbols
1557:Pêl-Law
1552:Pel-Fas
1532:Cricket
1458:Twmpath
1448:Tabwrdd
1443:Pibgorn
1398:Theatre
1365:Theatre
1355:Authors
1107:Crempog
1079:Cuisine
1023:Cantref
1018:Commote
961:History
831:History
760:Nennius
742:Cumbric
730:England
719:Normans
602:is the
424:Tibetan
414:Sogdian
349:Kannada
246:Aramaic
190:Hittite
180:Elamite
151:corpora
147:Ancient
94:scholar
5074:Anthem
4941:Boards
4923:Health
4844:Actors
4831:People
4774:Sports
4595:Courts
4562:Senedd
4530:Mayors
4525:Cities
4445:Rivers
4191:Welsh
4147:Slovak
4088:Polish
4005:Kazakh
3966:modern
3946:German
3924:Gagauz
3919:Gaelic
3904:French
3854:Danish
3804:Breton
3784:Basque
3744:Abkhaz
3627:
3589:
3563:
3544:
3525:
3495:
3456:
3434:
3408:
3378:
3359:
3319:
3280:
3261:
3212:
3190:
3130:
3091:
3072:
2814:, and
2617:("The
2552:, or,
2482:, but
2414:cywydd
2307:cywydd
2285:cywydd
2278:cywydd
2222:dychan
2218:satire
2214:cywydd
2206:cywydd
2201:cywydd
2193:Norman
2011:, but
1947:) and
1893:, and
1753:Rheged
1527:Cnapan
1522:Boxing
1495:Cinema
934:People
804:on the
782:, and
780:Neirin
762:. The
662:cywydd
650:skalds
623:poetry
419:Telugu
404:Sabaic
324:Coptic
304:Arabic
286:Syriac
215:Ugarit
205:Lydian
200:Luwian
185:Hattic
140:by era
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
5079:Flags
5014:Islam
4911:Women
4896:Women
4881:Poets
4864:Women
4811:Welsh
4759:Music
4754:Media
4438:AONBs
4418:Lakes
4396:Flora
4391:Fauna
4254:Wales
4167:Swiss
4142:]
4118:Scots
4020:Latin
3983:Irish
3951:Greek
3931:]
3859:Dutch
3849:Czech
2836:Cadog
2820:Latin
2423:Welsh
2385:Clwyd
2269:Clwyd
1957:Annwn
1937:Calan
1929:Dyfed
1920:Tenby
1887:Irish
1809:Deira
1805:Saxon
1797:Eidyn
1761:Owain
1745:Leeds
1741:Elmet
1737:Powys
1517:Bando
1509:Sport
1485:Radio
1477:Media
1423:Crwth
1389:Music
1360:Poets
1281:Teilo
952:Welsh
726:Wales
695:prose
665:meter
646:bards
434:Welsh
394:Norse
334:Geʽez
101:JSTOR
87:books
4835:list
4050:Manx
3638:2022
3625:ISBN
3587:ISBN
3561:ISBN
3542:ISBN
3523:ISBN
3506:2022
3493:ISBN
3454:ISBN
3432:ISBN
3419:2022
3406:ISBN
3376:ISBN
3357:ISBN
3330:2022
3317:ISBN
3278:ISBN
3259:ISBN
3235:2022
3210:ISBN
3188:ISBN
3164:2022
3128:ISBN
3109:link
3089:ISBN
3070:ISBN
2922:brut
2828:Dewi
2621:"):
2247:", "
2243:", "
2189:bard
1811:and
1609:Flag
1542:Golf
1097:Cawl
1045:and
744:, a
547:21st
542:20th
523:19th
518:18th
502:17th
497:16th
492:15th
473:14th
468:13th
463:12th
458:11th
453:10th
409:Saka
399:Pali
73:news
4720:Art
4582:Law
3617:doi
2912:'s
2125:fl.
1953:, (
1322:Art
768:Ida
56:by
5140::
4140:cs
3929:ru
3623:,
3226:.
3155:.
3105:}}
3101:{{
2889:.
2862:.
2810:,
2806:,
2764:,
2704::
2654::
2446:.
2407:,
2328:,
2301:,
2283:a
2271:,
2259:.
1964:,
1889:,
1837:,
1763:.
4837:)
4833:(
4246:e
4239:t
4232:v
3725:e
3718:t
3711:v
3688:.
3659:.
3619::
3595:.
3569:.
3550:.
3531:.
3508:.
3462:.
3440:.
3421:.
3384:.
3365:.
3332:.
3286:.
3267:.
3242:.
3237:.
3218:.
3196:.
3171:.
3166:.
3136:.
3111:)
3097:.
3078:.
3015:.
2991:.
2979:.
2967:.
2955:.
2943:.
2904:(
2877:(
2747:.
2733:;
2719:;
2692:.
2684:;
2671:.
2646:.
2640:;
2634:;
2628:;
2531:(
2518:)
2512:(
2507:)
2503:(
2489:.
2187:"
2047:)
2041:(
2036:)
2032:(
2018:.
1970:(
1943:(
1916:(
1701:e
1694:t
1687:v
1030:)
978:)
954:(
588:e
581:t
574:v
153:)
149:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
