420:
428:
47:
590:, causing the attached parietal pleura to also expand outwards. If the pleural functional vacuum stays intact, the pleural space will remain as collapsed as possible and cause the visceral pleura to be pulled along outwards, which in turn draws the underlying lung also into expansion. This transmits the pressure negativity into the
1094:
begin to invaginate into these canals, creating a pair of enlarging cavities that encroach into the surrounding somites and further displace the transverse septum caudally — namely the pleural cavities. The mesothelia pushed out by the developing lungs arise from the splanchnopleure, and become the
325:
leads to additional confusion, as this is connected to the concept of concavity, which might not necessarily apply in all cases (the mediastinal surface is concave in some regions and convex in others).
665:.The function of the visceral pleura is to produce and reabsorb fluid. It is an area that is insensitive to pain due to its association with the lung and innervation by visceral sensory neurons.
407:
by the pleurae, at an average pressure that is below the atmospheric pressure under healthy conditions. The two lungs, each bounded by a two-layered pleural sac, almost fill the
668:
Visceral pleura also forms interlobular septa (that separates secondary pulmonary lobules). Interlobular septa contains connective tissue, pulmonary veins, and lymphatics.
649:
by the infoldings of the pleura as fissures. The fissures are double folds of pleura that section the lungs and help in their expansion, allowing the lung to
1242:. In forced exhalation, the pleural fluid provides some hydrostatic cushioning for the lungs against the rapid change of pressure within the pleural cavity.
200:
1035:. The dehiscence of these two layers creates a fluid-filled cavity on each side, and with the ventral infolding and the subsequent midline fusion of the
287:. The portion of the pleura seen as the outer layer covers the chest wall, the diaphragm and the mediastinum and is often also misleadingly called the
1604:
1588:
1493:
1095:
visceral pleurae; while the other mesothelial surfaces of the pleural cavities arise from the somatopleure, and become the parietal pleurae.
164:
263:. This can lead to some confusion, as the lung is not the only visceral organ covered by the pleura. The pleura typically dips between the
256:. Although wrapped onto itself resulting in an apparent double layer, each lung is surrounded by a single, continuous pleural membrane.
1903:
1876:
1419:"Introduction to the second edition of 'Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Fluids' as CytoJournal Monograph (CMAS) in Open Access"
1635:
1047:
during the fourth week, with the splanchnopleure on the inner cavity wall and the somatopleure on the outer cavity wall.
1854:
1832:
1860:
1767:
1605:
https://accessphysiotherapy-mhmedical-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content.aspx?bookid=2478§ionid=202020215
1589:
https://accessphysiotherapy-mhmedical-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content.aspx?bookid=2478§ionid=202020215
1870:
1507:
Sureka, Binit; Thukral, Brij
Bhushan; Mittal, Mahesh Kumar; Mittal, Aliza; Sinha, Mukul (October–December 2013).
419:
774:
1054:
end of the intraembryonic coeloms fuse early to form a single cavity, which rotates anteriorly and apparently
1896:
964:
506:. Both pleurae are quite firmly attached to their underlying structures, and are usually covered by surface
195:
975:. Similarly, its nerve supply is from its underlying structures — the costal pleura is innervated by the
1183:
1012:
984:
960:
956:
1822:
188:
1973:
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of the parietal pleura, pleural irritations, especially if from acute causes, often produce a sharp
1889:
1140:
1067:
650:
634:
183:
147:
31:
1968:
972:
810:. Its junction with the costal pleura at the diaphragmatic margin is a sharp gutter known as the
790:
662:
471:
1295:
1214:
remains intact, the lung will be drawn to expand along with the chest wall, relaying a negative
939:
The parietal pleura is supplied by blood from the cavity wall under it, which can come from the
1759:
1467:
1268:
1187:
1132:
1008:
368:
The pulmonary pleura covers the entire lung parenchyma. It meets the mediastinal pleura at the
207:
171:
159:
17:
1985:
1363:
1040:
968:
925:
921:
782:
564:
362:
284:
859:. Its anterosuperior part (especially of the left side) not infrequently can bulge into the
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1291:
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1144:
944:
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8:
1980:
1319:
1239:
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832:
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686:
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583:
495:
334:
1651:
Soldati, Gino; Smargiassi, Andrea; Demi, Libertario; Inchingolo, Riccardo (2020-02-25).
1082:. The two cavities communicate via a slim pair of remnant coeloms adjacent to the upper
916:
of a pleura comes from the structures under it. The visceral pleura is supplied by the
785:. This is the most superficial (and thus most vulnerable) part of the pleura and can be
1960:
1627:
1535:
1508:
1443:
1418:
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1063:
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blockages can lead to a build-up of serous fluid within the pleural space, known as a
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1792:
1763:
1725:
1674:
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1290:. Pleural effusion obliterates the pleural vacuum and can collapse the lung (due to
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840:
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467:
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264:
115:
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Between the two layers of the pleura is what historically has been referred to as a
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1623:
1530:
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1438:
1430:
1303:
1287:
1155:
1136:
933:
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747:
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451:
380:-like extension of the pulmonary pleura hanging under to the hilum is known as the
369:
259:
The portion of the pleura that covers the surface of each lung is often called the
71:
1857:
at the
University of Michigan Health System - "X-ray, chest, posteroanterior view"
711:, from which it separates the pleural cavity. It joins the visceral pleura at the
240:
and lining their surrounding tissues, locally appearing as two opposing layers of
2006:
1955:
1950:
1913:
1315:
1299:
1251:
1104:
1036:
1032:
1015:, each lateral mesoderm splits into two layers. The dorsal layer joins overlying
991:; the mediastinal pleura is innervated by branches of the phrenic nerve over the
716:
692:
658:
572:
546:
530:
427:
408:
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280:
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152:
1789:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1784:
1722:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1717:
1653:"Artifactual Lung Ultrasonography: It Is a Matter of Traps, Order, and Disorder"
1559:
361:. Some authors also designate a cervical portion (covering the underside of the
1942:
1863:
at the
University of Michigan Health System - "Transverse section through lung"
1231:
1159:
1071:
836:
770:
677:
611:
542:
538:
522:
392:
342:
52:
781:, where it is covered by an extension of the endothoracic fascia known as the
654:
434:
of the normal mesothelial cells that line the pleurae, with typical features.
55:
is exaggerated since normally there is no space between the pulmonary pleurae.
2000:
1932:
1848:
1678:
1525:
1434:
1327:
1235:
1163:
1162:, also holds the two opposing pleurae in close sliding contact and keeps the
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property of the pleural fluid to various cellular surfaces, coupled with its
1112:
1059:
988:
980:
905:
696:
568:
514:
176:
119:
1692:
529:
secreted from the apical region of the parietal pleura. The combination of
1796:
1729:
1544:
1452:
1334:
can be performed to establish permanent obliteration of the pleural space.
1311:
1264:
1124:
1108:
1024:
929:
909:
786:
699:
by the endothoracic fascia. The
Parietal includes the inner surface of the
587:
579:
526:
513:
The enclosed space between the parietal and visceral pleurae, known as the
396:
302:
in favour of a 4-portion system based on the structures the pleura covers:
272:
98:
294:
A correct anatomical nomenclature refrains from using the ambiguous terms
213:
1927:
1331:
1323:
917:
913:
848:
828:
720:
712:
708:
391:, which in reality is an actual space of about 15 μm. This is called the
377:
245:
123:
1881:
1783:
Mahabadi, Navid; Goizueta, Alberto A; Bordoni, Bruno (7 February 2021).
1716:
Mahabadi, Navid; Goizueta, Alberto A; Bordoni, Bruno (7 February 2021).
1669:
1652:
1058:
inverted in front of the thorax, and is later encroached by the growing
46:
1307:
1298:. The condition can be treated by mechanically removing the fluid via
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1227:
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1175:
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1004:
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868:
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491:
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The parietal pleura is subdivided according to the surface it covers.
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852:
638:
571:) within the pleural space, causing it to mostly stay collapsed as a
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479:
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404:
276:
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1207:
1151:
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1044:
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1020:
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The apical part of the costal pleura, sometimes referred to as the
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700:
431:
358:
1758:(3. ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone. p.
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1199:
1083:
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888:
864:
475:
1466:
Gorman, Niamh, MSc; Salvador, Francesca, MSc (29 October 2020).
1650:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1171:
1016:
876:
856:
576:
443:
1851:
at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
1395:
Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. Sources for mentioned features:
1127:. These, coupled with the smoothness of the glycocalyces and
517:, is normally filled only by a tiny amount (less than 10
83:
940:
555:
135:
110:
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between the parietal and visceral pleurae. Contracting the
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The portion of pleura that covers the mediastinum is called
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626:
463:
237:
86:
987:, and by the intercostal nerves in its periphery near the
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is the pleural portion covering the inner surfaces of the
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743:
503:
806:
is the portion covering the convex upper surface of the
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more effectively even if parts of it (usually the basal
1782:
1715:
1416:
1206:
of the pleural cavity, further increasing the negative
867:
and even touch its contralateral counterpart in forced
553:, results in a normally negative pressure of -5 cm
478:-rich laminae. The costal parietal pleurae also have
1210:
within the pleural space. As long as the functional
1599:
Lungs. In: Morton DA, Foreman K, Albertine KH. eds.
1583:
Lungs. In: Morton DA, Foreman K, Albertine KH. eds.
1379:
1377:
1364:"pleura Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
827:
is the portion covering the lateral surfaces of the
236:) are the two flattened sacs, each ensheathing each
80:
77:
395:(also pleural space). It contains a tiny amount of
74:
1751:
1314:procedure. Infected pleural effusion can lead to
1111:(pleural fluid) that contains various lubricating
470:, and supported by a well-vascularized underlying
1616:McLoud, Theresa C.; Boiselle, Phillip M. (2010).
1374:
1998:
979:; the diaphragmatic pleura is innervated by the
349:portion covers instead the upper surface of the
1078:, separated from the pericardial cavity by the
423:Diagrammatic view of exaggerated pleural space.
1785:"Anatomy, Thorax, Lung Pleura And Mediastinum"
1718:"Anatomy, Thorax, Lung Pleura And Mediastinum"
1615:
1465:
1897:
1070:portions of the coeloms fuse later below the
1027:; and the ventral layer joins the underlying
30:"Pleura" redirects here. For other uses, see
1551:
1492:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1003:The visceral and parietal pleurae, like all
920:that supply the lung surface (from both the
498:that separates the subserosa from the inner
1135:when the opposing pleural surfaces have to
510:that limit fluid loss and reduce friction.
1904:
1890:
875:communicate unless there is a significant
45:
1911:
1668:
1534:
1524:
1442:
1131:of the pleural fluid itself, reduces the
372:("hilum") through a smooth fold known as
248:, the inside surfaces of the surrounding
1871:Grossanatomy/thorax0/thor_lec/thor6.html
1603:. McGraw Hill; Accessed July 12, 2021.
1587:. McGraw Hill; Accessed July 12, 2021.
1557:
1294:), impairing ventilation and leading to
1245:
1090:. During the fifth week, the developing
691:'wall') lines the inside of the
474:containing two poorly defined layers of
426:
418:
27:Membrane lining the thoracic cavity wall
1513:Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging
1509:"Radiological review of pleural tumors"
1302:(also known as a "pleural tap") with a
899:
816:, which has diagnostic significance on
719:and pulmonary ligament as a smooth but
14:
1999:
1749:
1230:is however usually passive, caused by
723:circumferential junction known as the
707:, as well as the side surfaces of the
1885:
1827:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1820:
1383:
1275:that is worse by breathing, known as
229:
51:Lung detail showing the pleurae. The
1697:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1330:. For recurrent pleural effusions,
466:) long. The mesothelium is without
442:Each pleura comprises a superficial
1468:"The Anatomy of the Pleural cavity"
24:
1628:10.1016/b978-0-323-02790-8.00018-4
1601:The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy, 2e
1585:The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy, 2e
1267:condition of pleurae. Due to the
983:in its central portion around the
671:
605:
25:
2018:
1842:
871:, but the left and right pleurae
657:) fail to expand properly due to
357:portion covers the inside of the
1417:Shidham VB, Layfield LJ (2021).
70:
1776:
1743:
1709:
1685:
1644:
1318:, which can create significant
1178:occurs, the contraction of the
1170:while maintaining a functional
450:of flat (squamous) or cuboidal
1622:. Elsevier. pp. 379–399.
1609:
1593:
1577:
1558:Hacking, Craig; Knipe, Henry.
1500:
1459:
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1356:
998:
855:and (very rarely) an enlarged
244:separating the lungs from the
13:
1:
1349:
703:and the upper surface of the
1222:into the lung, resulting in
1184:external intercostal muscles
742:, and is separated from the
695:which is set apart from the
645:. Each lung is divided into
625:'organ') covers the
575:that acts as a functionally
494:considered belonging to the
488:subpleural/extrapleural fats
345:and its main branches). The
7:
1750:Larsen, William J. (2001).
1474:. Dotdash publishing family
1400:"Mesothelial cytopathology"
1337:
1098:
1043:anterolaterally around the
1011:. During the third week of
10:
2023:
1821:Light, Richard W. (2007).
1814:
1326:that require division and
1296:type 2 respiratory failure
1249:
1166:collapsed, maximizing the
1143:, thus help improving the
1139:against each other during
1088:pericardioperitoneal canal
957:internal thoracic arteries
791:subclavian catheterization
676:The parietal pleura (from
610:The visceral pleura (from
563:(approximately −3.68
541:drop caused by the inward
414:
29:
1941:
1920:
953:inferior phrenic arteries
928:), and innervated by the
813:costodiaphragmatic recess
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194:
182:
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134:
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1855:Atlas image: lung_pleura
1526:10.4103/0971-3026.125577
1435:10.25259/CMAS_02_01_2021
1368:dictionary.cambridge.org
1218:pressure that causes an
1129:hydrodynamic lubrication
1107:, the pleura secretes a
839:, the first part of the
549:and the rigidity of the
32:Pleuron (disambiguation)
1861:Atlas image: lung_lymph
1009:lateral plate mesoderms
1007:, both derive from the
795:penetrating neck injury
472:loose connective tissue
271:, and is formed by the
1133:frictional coefficient
1041:intraembryonic coeloms
681:
641:-like band called the
615:
439:
424:
306:(of the lung proper),
208:Anatomical terminology
1986:Suprapleural membrane
1246:Clinical significance
1192:pump handle movements
1074:to become the larger
922:pulmonary circulation
783:suprapleural membrane
430:
422:
363:suprapleural membrane
285:embryonic development
1344:Pleural friction rub
1292:hydrostatic pressure
1145:pulmonary compliance
971:branches), or their
965:anterior intercostal
900:Neurovascular supply
861:anterior mediastinum
831:, predominantly the
804:diaphragmatic pleura
769:, bulges beyond the
637:from the hilum as a
598:, thus facilitating
1981:Endothoracic fascia
1877:Diagram at kent.edu
1670:10.3390/app10051570
1472:The Ken Hub Library
1282:Pleural disease or
1269:somatic innervation
1240:respiratory muscles
1168:total lung capacity
993:fibrous pericardium
961:pericardiacophrenic
833:fibrous pericardium
756:endothoracic fascia
752:intercostal muscles
584:respiratory muscles
496:endothoracic fascia
486:, which present as
335:fibrous pericardium
141:pleurae pulmonarius
1974:Costodiaphragmatic
1961:Pulmonary ligament
1238:and relaxation of
1064:pericardial cavity
1039:, forms a pair of
977:intercostal nerves
865:upper sternal body
845:superior vena cava
825:mediastinal pleura
775:posterior triangle
643:pulmonary ligament
523:US fl oz
440:
425:
382:pulmonary ligament
374:pleural reflection
189:H3.05.03.0.00001
116:Intercostal nerves
104:Respiratory system
1994:
1993:
1693:"Parietal pleura"
1637:978-0-323-02790-8
1158:and the negative
1080:transverse septum
1076:peritoneal cavity
926:bronchial vessels
841:subclavian artery
818:plain radiography
690:
629:surfaces and the
624:
468:basement membrane
452:mesothelial cells
446:made of a simple
265:lobes of the lung
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221:
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40:Pulmonary pleurae
16:(Redirected from
2014:
1969:Costomediastinal
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1304:pigtail catheter
1288:pleural effusion
1202:) increases the
1186:(along with the
1156:oncotic pressure
1060:primordial heart
949:superior phrenic
934:pulmonary plexus
767:cupula of pleura
725:hilar reflection
685:
631:hilar structures
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535:oncotic pressure
370:root of the lung
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1316:pleural empyema
1300:thoracocentesis
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1252:Pleural disease
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1105:serous membrane
1101:
1037:trilaminar disc
1033:splanchnopleure
1001:
902:
763:cervical pleura
717:pulmonary hilum
693:thoracic cavity
674:
672:Parietal pleura
608:
606:Visceral pleura
573:potential space
567:or −0.491
559:
554:
547:lung parenchyma
531:surface tension
417:
409:thoracic cavity
389:potential space
321:Using the verb
289:parietal pleura
261:visceral pleura
242:serous membrane
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1277:pleuritic pain
1250:Main article:
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1236:alveolar walls
1232:elastic recoil
1160:fluid pressure
1113:macromolecules
1100:
1097:
1072:umbilical vein
1000:
997:
985:central tendon
969:musculophrenic
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898:
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891:process (e.g.
837:thoracic aorta
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771:thoracic inlet
721:acutely angled
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543:elastic recoil
539:fluid pressure
492:histologically
462:(0.00024
436:Wright's stain
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343:thoracic aorta
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62:
58:
57:
53:pleural cavity
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
2019:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
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1984:
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1967:
1966:
1964:
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1954:
1952:
1949:
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1946:
1944:
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1934:
1933:Thoracic wall
1931:
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1895:
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1849:thoraxlesson2
1847:
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1819:
1818:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
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1769:0-443-06583-7
1765:
1761:
1756:
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1698:
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1666:
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1378:
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1359:
1355:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:decortication
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:thoracoscopic
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
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1205:
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1197:
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1185:
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1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:pleural space
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:phospholipids
1122:
1118:
1114:
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1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
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1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:embryogenesis
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
990:
989:costal margin
986:
982:
981:phrenic nerve
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
930:nerve endings
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:rule of thumb
894:
890:
886:
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780:
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772:
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764:
760:
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753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:costal pleura
733:
732:
731:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:thoracic wall
694:
688:
683:
679:
669:
666:
664:
663:consolidation
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
622:
617:
613:
603:
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581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:or 0.34
520:
516:
515:pleural space
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:up to 6
457:
453:
449:
445:
437:
433:
429:
421:
412:
410:
406:
402:
401:pleural fluid
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:diaphragmatic
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
324:
319:
317:
313:
312:diaphragmatic
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
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243:
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199:
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193:
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133:
128:
125:
121:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
102:
100:
96:
91:
68:
66:Pronunciation
64:
59:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1869:
1823:
1800:. Retrieved
1788:
1778:
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1721:
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1696:
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1660:
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1618:
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1600:
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1579:
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1563:
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1471:
1461:
1426:
1422:
1407:. Retrieved
1403:
1391:
1386:, p. 1.
1367:
1358:
1281:
1276:
1265:inflammatory
1255:
1149:
1109:serous fluid
1102:
1087:
1055:
1049:
1031:to form the
1025:somatopleure
1023:to form the
1002:
938:
914:nerve supply
903:
872:
824:
811:
803:
766:
762:
735:
729:
724:
715:base of the
675:
667:
633:and extends
609:
588:chest cavity
586:expands the
527:serous fluid
512:
508:glycocalyces
487:
441:
400:
397:serous fluid
386:
373:
367:
354:
346:
330:
328:
322:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
293:
288:
281:thoracic sac
273:invagination
268:
260:
258:
233:
225:
223:
165:A07.1.02.001
140:
1928:Mediastinum
1663:(5): 1570.
1564:Radiopaedia
1423:CytoJournal
1332:pleurodesis
1141:ventilation
1086:called the
999:Development
973:anastomoses
945:intercostal
918:capillaries
863:behind the
849:azygos vein
829:mediastinum
713:pericardial
709:mediastinum
378:bell sleeve
331:mediastinal
316:mediastinal
250:chest walls
246:mediastinum
130:Identifiers
124:vagus nerve
1702:2021-06-12
1619:The Pleura
1569:8 February
1409:2022-10-18
1384:Light 2007
1350:References
1308:chest tube
1273:chest pain
1228:Exhalation
1224:inhalation
1176:inhalation
1121:hyaluronan
1117:sialomucin
1005:mesothelia
893:malignancy
885:iatrogenic
869:inhalation
748:cartilages
659:congestion
600:inhalation
596:bronchioli
551:chest wall
537:, and the
500:periosteum
480:adipocytes
456:microvilli
339:oesophagus
279:into each
1965:Recesses
1679:2076-3417
1284:lymphatic
1257:Pleuritis
1180:diaphragm
1092:lung buds
932:from the
881:traumatic
853:esophagus
808:diaphragm
787:punctured
773:into the
705:diaphragm
651:ventilate
639:mesentery
580:interface
577:vacuumous
484:subserosa
448:monolayer
351:diaphragm
304:pulmonary
277:lung buds
254:diaphragm
2001:Category
1797:30085590
1730:30085590
1545:24604935
1488:cite web
1453:35126608
1338:See also
1324:fibrosis
1320:adhesion
1261:pleurisy
1208:pressure
1182:and the
1174:. When
1152:adhesive
1115:such as
1099:Function
1056:descends
1045:gut tube
1029:endoderm
1021:ectoderm
924:and the
740:rib cage
701:rib cage
655:segments
635:caudally
490:and are
432:Cytology
405:secreted
359:rib cage
318:pleura.
300:parietal
296:visceral
269:fissures
252:and the
1921:General
1815:Sources
1802:11 June
1735:11 June
1536:3932573
1478:11 June
1444:8813611
1310:, or a
1234:of the
1220:airflow
1200:sternum
1194:of the
1084:foregut
1062:as the
1052:cranial
1017:somites
955:), the
889:disease
777:of the
754:by the
689:
623:
616:viscera
592:alveoli
545:of the
502:of the
482:in the
476:elastin
415:Anatomy
353:). The
323:to line
283:during
226:pleurae
153:D010994
61:Details
2007:Pleura
1914:thorax
1831:
1795:
1766:
1728:
1677:
1634:
1543:
1533:
1451:
1441:
1429:: 30.
1216:airway
1212:vacuum
1204:volume
1188:bucket
1172:vacuum
1068:caudal
1066:. The
908:, the
877:injury
873:do not
857:thymus
851:, the
843:, the
835:, the
682:paries
444:serosa
355:costal
308:costal
234:pleura
99:System
18:Pleura
1263:is a
1137:slide
1103:As a
941:aorta
910:blood
904:As a
887:) or
793:or a
678:Latin
647:lobes
612:Latin
525:) of
454:with
212:[
136:Latin
111:Nerve
1829:ISBN
1804:2021
1793:PMID
1764:ISBN
1737:2021
1726:PMID
1675:ISSN
1632:ISBN
1571:2016
1541:PMID
1494:link
1480:2021
1449:PMID
1322:and
1306:, a
1198:and
1196:ribs
1150:The
1123:and
1050:The
1019:and
967:and
951:and
912:and
823:The
802:The
779:neck
750:and
744:ribs
734:The
687:lit.
627:lung
621:lit.
594:and
565:mmHg
504:ribs
376:. A
314:and
298:and
238:lung
224:The
201:9583
177:3322
160:TA98
148:MeSH
1760:138
1665:doi
1624:doi
1531:PMC
1521:doi
1439:PMC
1431:doi
1259:or
1226:.
883:or
789:by
765:or
661:or
569:kPa
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267:as
230:sg.
196:FMA
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