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No. IX, September 14, 1842) is an unlicensed copy of the original work as it was done without Töpffer's authorization. This first publication was followed by other works of this author, always under types of unlicensed editions. Töpffer comics were reprinted regularly until the late 1870s, which gave
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were the most popular genres, but new genres were also developed (i.e., western, romance, and science fiction) and increased readership. Comic book sales began to decline in the early 1950s, and comics were socially condemned for their alleged harmful effects on children; to protect the reputation of
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created stories as innovative as those produced in the same period by
Europeans. However, these magazines only reach an audience educated and rich enough to afford them. Just the arrival of technological progress allowed easy and cheap reproduction of images for the American comic to take off. Some
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was a dominating force during the Silver Age. The Code restricted many topics from being covered in stories: this prevented certain genres, such as crime and horror comics, from being sold at most comic book shops, and also helped superheroes stay popular and culturally relevant. The
270:
Age version of the Golden Age. Very soon, it was in our vernacular, replacing such expressions as ... 'Second Heroic Age of Comics' or 'The Modern Age' of comics. It wasn't long before dealers were ... specifying it was a Golden Age comic for sale or a Silver Age comic for sale."
619:. Nevertheless, drawings published in the press were rather a series of humorous independent cartoons occupying a full page. The purpose of the cartoon itself, as expressed through narrative sequence expressed through images which follow one another, was only imposed slowly.
731:
wrote his comic series "The Upside-Downs of Old Man
Muffaroo and Little Lady Lovekins" between 1903 and 1905. These comics were made in such a way that one could read the 6-panel comic, flip the book and keep reading. He made 64 such comics in total.
873:
titles remaining the mainstay of the industry. However, a return of darker plot elements and storylines more related to relevant social issues, such as racism, began to flourish during the period, prefiguring the later Modern Age of Comic Books.
652:. In this series of full-page large drawings teeming with humorous details, he staged street urchins, one of whom was wearing a blue nightgown (which turned yellow in 1895). Soon, the little character became the darling of readers who called him
892:
is a period in the history of
American superhero comic books which is generally considered to have begun in 1985 and continues through the present day. During approximately the first 15 years of this period, many
1255:, March 10, 2016: "Starting with Miles, a character of mixed Black and Hispanic descent, the new and redesigned characters of the Postmodern Age are almost universally representatives of previously marginalized
103:) and initial genres (family strips, adventure tales). Comic-strip characters became national celebrities, and were subject to cross-media adaptation, while newspapers competed for the most popular artists.
897:
characters were redesigned, creators gained prominence in the industry, independent comics flourished, and larger publishing houses became more commercialized. An alternative name for this period is the
258:#42 (February 1966) that stated: "If you guys keep bringing back the heroes from the Golden Age, people 20 years from now will be calling this decade the Silver Sixties!" Comics historian/movie producer
175:
initially seemed to be a new golden age. Writers and artists redefined classic characters and launched new series that brought readership to levels not seen in decades, and landmark publications such as
591:
were found in the humor pages of newspapers: they were published in the Sunday edition to retain readership. Indeed, it was not the information given that distinguished the newspapers but the
1122:... according to fanzine historian Bill Schelly, 'The first use of the words "golden age" pertaining to the comics of the 1940s was by Richard A. Lupoff in an article called'"Re-Birth' in
570:
182:
redefined the medium's potential. The industry, however, soon experienced a series of financial shocks and crises that threatened its viability, and from which it took years to recover.
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164:(from 1970 to 1985). Unlike the Golden and Silver ages, the start of the Bronze Age is not marked by a single event. Although the Bronze Age was dominated by the superhero genres,
357:
in the general history of comics has led Geppi to add two periods before the Golden Age: the
Victorian Age (from 1828 to 1882) and the Platinum Age (the period of comic strips).
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587:
The period of the late 19th century (the so-called "Platinum Age") was characterized by a gradual introduction of the key elements of the
American mass comics. Then, the
235:. This division is standard but not all the critics apply it, since some of them propose their own periods, and the dates selected may vary depending on the authors.
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Alternative definitions of these periods exist, as comics historian
William W. Savage sets the ending of the Atom Age (the period in which there was a prevalence of
4993:
116:), appeared in 1933. Although the first comic books were themselves newspaper-strip reprints, comics soon featured original material, and the first appearance of
667:(they were previously written on his shirt). Outcault had already used this method but this date is often considered as the birth of comics in the United States.
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and the pages which were not informative, whose illustrations were an important component. These pages were then called comic supplement. In 1892,
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696:, fueling the greed of Hearst. Fierce competition between Hearst and Pulitzer in 1896 led to enticing away of Outcault by Hearst to work in the
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is an informal name for a period in the history of
American superhero comic books usually said to run from 1970 to 1985. It follows the
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distribution monopoly between 1997 and 2020) who, taking into account comic strips, divides the history of comics in ages:
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movement began at the end of the Silver Age in response to the restrictions of the Code, and was part of the broader
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began in 1956 with a resurgence of interest in superheroes. Non-superhero sales declined and many publishers closed.
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medals, soon took hold in common parlance: "Fans immediately glommed onto this, refining it more directly into a
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in April 1960. The first use of the terms "Golden Age" and "Silver Age" together as comic periodization was in a
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Domestic production remained limited until the emergence of satirical magazines that, on the model of
British
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magazine consisting of sheets previously appeared in newspapers and it was the first magazine of its kind.
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generally divide 20th-century
American comics history chronologically into ages. The first period, called
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220:
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appeared for the first time, which addressed new aesthetic themes and followed a new distribution model.
2180:
Graphic Novels and Comics in
Libraries and Archives. Essays on Readers, Research, History and Cataloging
561:
engaged in a fierce competition to attract readers and decided to publish cartoons in their newspapers.
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served as further entertainment for mass readership. In the 20th century, comics became an autonomous
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Rubis, Florian (March 2012). "Comics From the Crypt to the Top: Panorama des comics en français".
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series. In 1992, a group of Marvel artists (including Jim Lee) defected to form the creator-owned
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follows and spans from 1970 to 1985. Finally the last period, from c. 1985 until today, is the
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introduced new and popular superheroes and thereby became the leading comics publisher in the
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Woods Robert, Virginia (2001). "Comic strips". In Browne, Ray Broadus; Browne, Pat (eds.).
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1943:
Harvey, Robert C. (2009). "How Comics Came to Be". In Heer, Jeet; Worcester, Kent (eds.).
396:; the site marks this as the beginning of the Modern Age, which continues to the present.
8:
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902:, due to the popularity and artistic influence of titles with serious content, such as
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2029:
The Superhero Book. The Ultimate Encyclopedia Of Comic-Book Icons And Hollywood Heroes
869:. The Bronze Age retained many of the conventions of the Silver Age, with traditional
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Comics in the United States originated in the early European works. In 1842, the work
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1685:(in French) (4th ed.). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. p. 127.
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from the original on March 13, 2012. "On September 14, 1842, a New York paper,
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664:
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99:. The seminal years of comic strips established its canonical features (e.g.,
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The first recorded use of the term "Golden Age" pertaining to comics was by
80:
The history of American comics started in 1842 with the U.S. publication of
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2411:
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2178:
Thorne, Amy (2010). "Webcomics and Libraries". In Weiner, Robert G. (ed.).
1256:
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827:
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393:
142:
125:
92:
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361:
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288:
1541:
Baby Boomer Comics: The Wild, Wacky, Wonderful Comic Books of the 1960s!
1285:
1195:
670:
4788:
4246:
4162:
4122:
2870:
2492:
2454:
2332:
2236:. Baltimore, Md.; London: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 360.
1782:
War, Politics and Superheroes. Ethics and Propaganda in Comics and Film
1316:
1273:
1183:
Commies, Cowboys, and Jungle Queens: Comic Books and America, 1945–1954
894:
760:
720:
445:(2000–present) for the period starting with the appearance of Marvel's
322:
107:
47:
1582:
The Comic Book: The One Essential Guide for Comic Book Fans Everywhere
770:
was created and many well-known characters were introduced, including
4763:
4703:
4615:
4442:
4320:
4293:
4256:
2923:
2357:
1836:
Au début était le jaune: une histoire subjective de la bande dessinée
1485:
870:
767:
592:
507:
216:
129:
4522:
3509:
2898:
2519:
2504:
2416:
2209:. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press.
910:
819:
771:
342:
199:
117:
3713:
62:
4137:
2421:
2399:
2234:
Comic Book Nation. The Transformation of Youth Culture in America
1481:"Bandes dessinées: le phylactère francophone célèbre ses 100 ans"
383:
242:
in an article, "Re-Birth", published in issue one of the fanzine
3725:
2156:. Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi. p. 253.
2064:. Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi. p. 224.
1977:. Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi. p. 252.
1920:. Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi. p. 390.
372:
prohibited most of what had appeared prior to 1954. The website
3607:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
3136:
3095:
2813:
2309:
823:
775:
763:
were first published and rapidly increased in popularity. The
460:
399:
An alternative name for the period after the mid-1980s is the
4142:
3994:
3124:
2514:
2153:
The Rise of the American Comics Artist. Creators and Contexts
1918:
Of Comics and Men. A Cultural History of American Comic Books
985:
The Rise of the American Comics Artist: Creators and Contexts
521:
by James A. and Donald F. Read was the first American comic.
517:
American artists the idea to produce similar works. In 1849,
702:. A bitter legal battle allowed Pulitzer to keep publishing
4152:
3791:
1225:
The Dark Age: Grim, Great & Gimmicky Post-Modern Comics
814:#4 (Oct. 1956), which introduced the modern version of the
353:, 2000 to present). According to Rhoades, consideration of
262:
says this natural hierarchy of gold–silver–bronze, akin to
178:
2278:
1648:
The Comic Book Heroes: From the Silver Age to the Present
376:
proposes that the Copper Age began in 1984 with Marvel's
141:(CCA) was formed, but this eliminated the publication of
830:—were still published under their own titles. The
1306:(published in Britain a year earlier) as a supplement."
710:) and Hearst to publish the series under another name.
219:) to 1956 (introduction of DC's second incarnation of
1589:: Chartwell Books, a division of Book Sales. p.
415:(beginning c. 2004 with the publication of Marvel's "
1713:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. p. 763.
1624:. Comic Book Resources. July 2, 2007. Archived from
921:
1949:. Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi.
1459:
1433:
1645:
519:Journey to the Gold Diggins by Jeremiah Saddlebags
3622:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
2125:Comic Books 101. The History, Methods and Madness
1003:, University Press of Mississippi, 1991, p. xiii.
5140:
2061:Seal of Approval. The History of the Comics Code
2003:. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society.
1865:(3rd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ronin Publishing.
1809:The Power of Comics: History, Form & Culture
987:, University Press of Mississippi, 2010, p. 106.
3421:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
2026:Misiroglu, Gina; Roach, David A., eds. (2004).
1609:No. 4 was the comic that started the Silver Age
1164:
1162:
609:created on this occasion the first drawings of
91:but the medium was initially developed through
4659:Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions!
3612:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
3500:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
2025:
1767:(in French). Marseille: Bédésup. p. 152.
1738:Warren Companion: The Ultimate Reference Guide
1710:Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels
1381:
1249:"We're Living in the Postmodern Age of Comics"
1073:
1071:
1027:
1025:
1011:
1009:
3777:
2294:
1678:
1466:
1440:
1106:"The New Ages: Rethinking Comic Book History"
2204:
2001:From Krakow to Krypton. Jews and Comic Books
1974:The Art of the Funnies. An Aesthetic History
1763:Courtial, Gérard; Faur, Jean-Claude (1985).
1762:
1501:
1446:
1420:
1368:
1159:
1131:
818:. At the time, only three superheroes—
759:from 1938 to 1956. During this time, modern
475:
198:, extends from c. 1938 (first appearance of
3828:
2122:
1806:
1784:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 330.
1572:
1508:
1407:
1394:
1327:
1222:
1091:
1084:
1068:
1022:
1016:
1006:
599:published cartoons in his first newspaper,
564:
427:(beginning c. 2011 with the publication of
3784:
3770:
3660:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
3458:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
2301:
2287:
2207:The Guide to United States Popular Culture
2081:A Complete History of American Comic Books
1735:Cooke, Jon B.; Roach, David, eds. (2001).
1734:
1345:
1343:
1218:
1216:
1185:, Wesleyan University Press, 1998, p. 111.
979:
977:
622:In 1894, Joseph Pulitzer published in the
281:A Complete History of American Comic Books
110:, published independently of a newspaper (
4850:
3804:
3655:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
3569:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
2127:. Cincinnati, Ohio: Impact. p. 288.
1915:
1894:(in French). Paris: Bordas. p. 912.
1887:
1807:Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (2009).
1388:
1241:
846:
808:began with the publication of DC Comics'
793:
740:
646:, created shortly before in the magazine
407:writer Matthew J. Theriault proposed the
3617:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
1639:
1578:
1532:
669:
568:
479:
185:
61:
3793:Animation industry in the United States
2272:Superhero: The Secret Origin of a Genre
2149:
2078:
2032:. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. pp.
1779:
1375:
1349:
1340:
1262:
1213:
1169:
1138:
1103:
1078:
983:Williams, Paul and James Lyons (eds.),
974:
14:
5141:
4982:Kids and Family Programming (Animated)
2266:
2231:
2177:
2057:
1998:
1970:
1942:
1860:
1833:
1741:. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 272.
1706:
1453:
1427:
1401:
1270:"Is this the "Diamond Age" of Comics?"
1175:
382:limited series and ended in 1991 with
274:
5164:Cultural history of the United States
4890:
4849:
3821:
3803:
3765:
3475:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
2282:
2105:
2083:. New York: Peter Lang. p. 353.
1538:
1414:
1334:
1302:, ran an English-language version of
1287:The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck
1149:
1147:
504:The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck
454:
87:The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck
4861:The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839
3426:Comics solicited but never published
2123:Ryall, Chris; Tipton, Scott (2009).
1478:
1227:. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 6.
113:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
3746:
3574:Australian Cartoonists' Association
3564:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
2274:. Austin, Texas: MonkeyBrain Books.
1646:Jacobs, Will; Gerard Jones (1985).
628:the first color strip, designed by
313:, from 1828 to 1882), of platinum (
24:
4734:Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment
2260:
1156:vol. 3, #54 (November 2005), p. 79
1144:
437:, and continuing to the present).
349:, from 1992 to 1999), and modern (
25:
5175:
1891:Dictionnaire de la bande dessinée
1567:#4, the Flash's first appearance.
1033:"History of Comics: Platinum Age"
337:, from 1971 to 1985), of copper (
333:, from 1956 to 1971), of bronze (
329:, from 1946 to 1956), of silver (
294:Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide
5123:
5122:
4891:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3724:
3712:
3675:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
3589:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
3490:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
1052:. March 18, 2008. Archived from
924:
663:pronounced his first words in a
423:", and ending c. 2011), and the
4989:Writers Guild of America Awards
4943:Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
4774:Storyboard, Inc./Hubley Studios
4032:Warner Bros. Pictures Animation
3843:DreamWorks Animation Television
3505:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
1863:A History of Underground Comics
1671:
1614:
1514:
1472:
1352:"See you in the Funny Pages..."
1309:
1279:
1188:
941:Comic Book Superheroes Unmasked
905:Batman: The Dark Knight Returns
692:s success boosted sales of the
317:, from 1882 to 1938), of gold (
5073:Humorous Phases of Funny Faces
3579:Comic Art Professional Society
2319:Glossary of comics terminology
2182:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
2150:Sanders, Joe Sutcliff (2010).
1765:À la rencontre des super-héros
1707:Booker, M. Keith, ed. (2010).
1579:Sassiene, Paul (August 1994).
1317:"Brother Jonathan Extra #v2#9"
1097:
1038:
990:
502:was published under the title
441:Tom Pinchuk proposed the name
227:, goes from 1956 to 1970. The
171:Following the Bronze Age, the
106:The first American-style true
13:
1:
4799:United Productions of America
4684:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation
4518:Adventure Cartoon Productions
4000:Walt Disney Animation Studios
3894:CBS Eye Animation Productions
3670:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
1916:Gabilliet, Jean-Paul (2010).
1679:Baron-Carvais, Annie (1994).
1046:"A History of the Comic Book"
968:
368:) in 1954, the year that the
223:). The following period, the
215:, a corporate predecessor of
73:#32 (May 1944), cover art by
34:began in the 19th century in
4336:Powerhouse Animation Studios
3978:Industrial Light & Magic
3911:Nickelodeon Animation Studio
3584:National Cartoonists Society
3373:Based on television programs
2232:Wright, Bradford W. (2003).
1563:The Silver Age started with
506:in the U.S. This edition (a
433:#4, the first appearance of
213:National Allied Publications
7:
4674:Little Airplane Productions
4591:DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
4581:Crest Animation Productions
4279:Man of Action Entertainment
3968:Disney Television Animation
3872:Universal Animation Studios
3515:Words & Pictures Museum
1861:Estren, Mark James (1993).
917:
841:counterculture of the 1960s
57:
18:Platinum Age of Comic Books
10:
5180:
5149:History of American comics
5060:History of American comics
3559:Academy of Comic Book Arts
3531:Center for Cartoon Studies
3453:Belgian Comic Strip Center
2308:
2058:Nyberg, Amy Kiste (1998).
1971:Harvey, Robert C. (1994).
1834:Dupuis, Dominique (2005).
1479:Lord, Denis (March 2004).
1292:Don Markstein's Toonopedia
881:
850:
797:
744:
735:
602:The San Francisco Examiner
495:Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois
299:Diamond Comic Distributors
5118:
5042:
5004:
4901:
4897:
4886:
4856:
4845:
4689:MGM Animation/Visual Arts
4496:
4049:
4012:
3963:20th Television Animation
3948:
3884:
3814:
3810:
3799:
3707:
3665:Club des bandes dessinées
3645:
3597:
3551:
3544:
3523:
3443:
3399:Best-selling comic series
3386:
3355:
3324:
3315:
3295:
3184:
3088:
3038:
3022:
3013:
2977:Portrayal of black people
2942:
2889:
2729:
2718:
2651:
2624:
2571:
2538:
2483:
2447:
2325:
2316:
2079:Rhoades, Shirrel (2008).
1888:Filippini, Henri (2005).
1838:(in French). Paris: PLG.
1622:"DC Flashback: The Flash"
890:Modern Age of Comic Books
884:Modern Age of Comic Books
877:
867:Modern Age of Comic Books
863:Silver Age of Comic Books
859:Bronze Age of Comic Books
853:Bronze Age of Comic Books
806:Silver Age of Comic Books
800:Silver Age of Comic Books
753:Golden Age of Comic Books
747:Golden Age of Comic Books
718:. Published in 1897, the
476:Victorian Age (1842–1897)
341:, from 1986 to 1992), of
255:Justice League of America
162:Bronze Age of Comic Books
154:Silver Age of Comic Books
122:Golden Age of Comic Books
40:sensationalist journalism
4809:Walter Lantz Productions
4719:PorchLight Entertainment
4709:Omation Animation Studio
4483:World Events Productions
4468:United Plankton Pictures
4423:Sprite Animation Studios
4175:Floyd County Productions
4168:Phil Roman Entertainment
4074:Sony Pictures Imageworks
3990:Marvel Studios Animation
957:Table of years in comics
565:Platinum Age (1897–1938)
470:
50:and an integral part of
4824:Wildbrain Entertainment
4759:Skellington Productions
4448:Threshold Entertainment
4356:Rhythm and Hues Studios
4111:Bento Box Entertainment
4069:Sony Pictures Animation
4022:Cartoon Network Studios
3995:Pixar Animation Studios
3470:British Cartoon Archive
3463:National Cartoon Museum
1946:A Comics Studies Reader
1811:. New York: Continuum.
1509:Duncan & Smith 2009
1350:Coville, Jamie (2001).
1092:Duncan & Smith 2009
1017:Duncan & Smith 2009
952:List of years in comics
900:Dark Age of Comic Books
865:and is followed by the
706:(which he entrusted to
656:. On October 25, 1896,
597:William Randolph Hearst
555:William Randolph Hearst
411:(c. 1985 to 2004), the
401:Dark Age of Comic Books
27:American comics history
4779:Sullivan Bluth Studios
4433:Stoopid Buddy Stoodios
4200:Joe Murray Productions
4185:Fuzzy Door Productions
4027:Warner Bros. Animation
3958:20th Century Animation
3853:Big Idea Entertainment
3680:Finnish Comics Society
3637:Svenska Serieakademien
3627:Comics Studies Society
3495:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
2999:Women in Refrigerators
2994:The Hawkeye Initiative
2632:Female comics creators
1780:DiPaolo, Marc (2011).
1652:Crown Publishing Group
1650:. New York, New York:
1247:Matthew J. Theriault,
847:Bronze Age (1970–1985)
794:Silver Age (1956–1970)
741:Golden Age (1938–1956)
686:
616:Little Bears and Tykes
584:
513:Brother Jonathan Extra
489:
321:, from 1938 to 1945),
291:(the publisher of the
77:
4931:Children's and Family
4914:Best Animated Feature
4851:Industry associations
4814:Warner Bros. Cartoons
4631:Fox Animation Studios
4478:Wild Canary Animation
4118:Bandera Entertainment
3805:Companies and studios
3416:Comic books on CD/DVD
2666:Comics historiography
1999:Kaplan, Arie (2008).
1539:Shutt, Craig (2003).
1321:Grand Comics Database
1104:Quattro, Ken (2004).
685:from 8 November 1896.
673:
572:
483:
417:Avengers Disassembled
370:Comics Code Authority
186:Periodization schemes
139:Comics Code Authority
120:in 1938 launched the
65:
4994:Television Animation
4834:Zodiac Entertainment
4784:Sunbow Entertainment
4533:Animation Collective
4513:Adelaide Productions
4418:Splash Entertainment
4381:Weston Woods Studios
4195:Jay Ward Productions
4190:Hasbro Entertainment
3950:Disney Entertainment
3838:DreamWorks Animation
3632:Sequart Organization
3378:Based on video games
2960:Gender and webcomics
2525:Publishing companies
1223:Voger, Mark (2006).
1112:on September 5, 2015
1035:– TheComicBooks.com.
932:United States portal
757:American comic books
755:describes an era of
550:Arthur Burdett Frost
486:Arthur Burdett Frost
250:letter from a reader
4829:Will Vinton Studios
4714:Pacific Data Images
4669:Laugh-O-Gram Studio
4553:Cambria Productions
4503:4Kids Entertainment
4463:Toei Animation Inc.
4361:Rough Draft Studios
4252:Lee Mendelson Films
4242:Kurtz & Friends
4215:Wow Unlimited Media
3973:Lucasfilm Animation
3928:Paramount Animation
3916:Nickelodeon Digital
3899:Late Night Cartoons
3848:DreamWorks Classics
3690:The Hero Initiative
2970:American mainstream
2772:Comics in education
2375:Comic strip formats
1628:on January 12, 2009
1549:Krause Publications
1527:Library of Congress
1253:The Hub City Review
1181:William W. Savage,
727:From 1903 to 1905,
638:Richard F. Outcault
275:Alternative schemes
4977:GLAAD Media Awards
4960:NAACP Image Awards
4804:Van Beuren Studios
4679:Marvel Productions
4654:Jetlag Productions
4601:Disneytoon Studios
4577:Copernicus Studios
4568:Circle 7 Animation
4473:Vanguard Animation
4413:SpindleHorse Toons
4403:Skydance Animation
4351:Renegade Animation
4225:Frederator Studios
4096:Augenblick Studios
4059:Aniplex of America
3923:Nickelodeon Movies
3731:Cartoon portal
3485:The Cartoon Museum
3480:Cartoon Art Museum
3204:France and Belgium
2989:Portrayal of women
2982:African characters
2950:Ethnic stereotypes
2110:(in French) (61).
1587:Edison, New Jersey
1467:Baron-Carvais 1994
1441:Baron-Carvais 1994
687:
585:
553:media moguls like
548:. Authors such as
510:supplement titled
490:
455:Graphical timeline
419:" and DC Comics' "
166:underground comics
78:
5154:History of comics
5136:
5135:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5087:Fleischer Studios
4882:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4841:
4840:
4749:BVS Entertainment
4649:HIT Entertainment
4621:Fleischer Studios
4596:DIC Entertainment
4508:70/30 Productions
4458:The ULULU Company
4346:Reel FX Animation
4311:Netflix Animation
4284:Mattel Television
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4045:
4044:
4008:
4007:
3944:
3943:
3933:Miramax Animation
3880:
3879:
3759:
3758:
3719:Comics portal
3703:
3702:
3536:The Kubert School
3439:
3438:
3311:
3310:
3009:
3008:
2934:Widescreen comics
2777:Comics journalism
2647:
2646:
2439:Political cartoon
2380:Daily comic strip
2010:978-0-8276-0843-6
1720:978-0-313-35746-6
1682:La Bande dessinée
1200:Copper Age Comics
947:History of comics
837:underground comix
679:published in the
611:humanized animals
583:, Christmas 1899.
374:Copper Age Comics
240:Richard A. Lupoff
192:comics historians
137:comic books, the
16:(Redirected from
5171:
5126:
5125:
5099:Multiple studios
4948:Favorite Cartoon
4899:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4794:Total Television
4635:Frederator Films
4586:Curious Pictures
4548:Blue Sky Studios
4393:Sentai Filmworks
4388:SD Entertainment
4371:Screen Novelties
4262:Lionsgate Canada
4205:Kanbar Animation
4128:Billionfold Inc.
4091:41 Entertainment
4047:
4046:
4010:
4009:
3985:Marvel Animation
3946:
3945:
3886:Paramount Global
3882:
3881:
3826:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3800:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3749:
3748:
3739:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3717:
3716:
3695:Xeric Foundation
3549:
3548:
3363:Based on fiction
3322:
3321:
3096:China and Taiwan
3020:
3019:
2819:Graphic medicine
2762:Autobiographical
2727:
2726:
2705:Japanese (manga)
2611:Japanese (manga)
2536:
2535:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2255:
2228:
2201:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2146:
2119:
2102:
2075:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2022:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1939:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1884:
1857:
1830:
1803:
1776:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1666:
1665:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1536:
1530:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1307:
1300:Brother Jonathan
1283:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:#1 (April 1960).
1119:
1117:
1108:. Archived from
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1004:
994:
988:
981:
934:
929:
928:
927:
714:chose the title
712:Richard Outcault
699:New York Journal
682:New York Journal
607:James Swinnerton
500:Rodolphe Töpffer
430:Ultimate Fallout
97:daily newspapers
82:Rodolphe Töpffer
52:American culture
44:newspaper comics
38:, in the era of
36:mass print media
21:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5159:American comics
5139:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5106:
5079:Flash animation
5055:American comics
5050:Animated sitcom
5038:
5000:
4893:
4870:
4866:ASIFA-Hollywood
4852:
4837:
4606:DNA Productions
4543:Animation Magic
4492:
4408:Snee-Oosh, Inc.
4366:Rovio Animation
4331:Parallax Studio
4326:O Entertainment
4304:6 Point Harness
4210:Kartoon Studios
4180:Fred Wolf Films
4106:Fox Corporation
4078:
4041:
4037:Williams Street
4004:
3940:
3876:
3806:
3795:
3790:
3760:
3755:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3685:Friends of Lulu
3647:
3641:
3599:
3593:
3540:
3519:
3445:
3444:Collections and
3435:
3409:manga magazines
3382:
3351:
3342:Manga magazines
3307:
3291:
3180:
3084:
3034:
3005:
2938:
2909:Talking animals
2885:
2846:Science fiction
2757:Anthropomorphic
2723:and narratology
2722:
2714:
2661:Years in comics
2643:
2620:
2584:Jewish American
2567:
2534:
2479:
2443:
2363:Trade paperback
2321:
2312:
2307:
2263:
2261:Further reading
2258:
2244:
2217:
2190:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2135:
2091:
2072:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2011:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1928:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1873:
1846:
1819:
1792:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1601:
1577:
1573:
1559:
1545:Iola, Wisconsin
1537:
1533:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1355:The Comic Books
1348:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1284:
1280:
1276:, May 25, 2010.
1267:
1263:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1221:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1136:
1132:
1115:
1113:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1031:Jamie Coville,
1030:
1023:
1014:
1007:
995:
991:
982:
975:
971:
930:
925:
923:
920:
886:
880:
855:
849:
802:
796:
784:Captain America
749:
743:
738:
729:Gustave Verbeek
708:Georges B. Luks
581:Joseph Pulitzer
567:
559:Joseph Pulitzer
478:
473:
468:
467:
465:
457:
421:Infinite Crisis
364:narratives and
297:and founder of
285:Shirrel Rhoades
277:
188:
134:talking animals
101:speech balloons
60:
32:American comics
30:The history of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5177:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5083:Labor strikes
5081:
5076:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5052:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5029:Television era
5026:
5025:
5024:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4965:Motion Picture
4957:
4956:
4955:
4953:Animated Movie
4950:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4923:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4909:Academy Awards
4905:
4903:
4895:
4894:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4611:Famous Studios
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4453:Titmouse, Inc.
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4296:
4291:
4289:Media Blasters
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:Melendez Films
4271:
4269:Media Blasters
4266:
4265:
4264:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4158:Digital Domain
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3890:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
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3646:Charitable and
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3466:
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3434:
3433:
3431:Limited series
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Based on films
3365:
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3328:
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3280:United Kingdom
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3255:
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3245:
3244:
3243:
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3194:Czech Republic
3190:
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2720:Comics studies
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2407:Digital comics
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2353:Ongoing series
2350:
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2343:Limited series
2340:
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2327:
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2314:
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2103:
2090:978-1433101076
2089:
2076:
2070:
2055:
2042:
2023:
2009:
1996:
1983:
1968:
1955:
1940:
1926:
1913:
1900:
1885:
1871:
1858:
1844:
1831:
1818:978-0826429360
1817:
1804:
1790:
1777:
1760:
1747:
1732:
1719:
1704:
1692:978-2130437628
1691:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1654:. p. 34.
1638:
1613:
1600:978-1555219994
1599:
1571:
1557:
1551:. p. 20.
1531:
1522:The Yellow kid
1513:
1500:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1389:Gabilliet 2010
1380:
1367:
1339:
1326:
1308:
1278:
1261:
1240:
1233:
1212:
1196:"Wait...when?"
1187:
1174:
1158:
1143:
1130:
1096:
1083:
1067:
1056:on 25 May 2013
1050:Random History
1037:
1021:
1005:
997:Waugh, Coulton
989:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
959:
954:
949:
944:
936:
935:
919:
916:
882:Main article:
879:
876:
851:Main article:
848:
845:
798:Main article:
795:
792:
780:Captain Marvel
745:Main article:
742:
739:
737:
734:
716:The Yellow Kid
694:New York World
676:The Yellow Kid
665:speech balloon
649:Truth Magazine
634:New York World
630:Walt McDougall
625:New York World
613:in the series
576:New York World
566:
563:
477:
474:
472:
469:
459:
458:
456:
453:
439:Comics creator
425:Postmodern Age
366:horror stories
276:
273:
187:
184:
75:Alex Schomburg
59:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5176:
5165:
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5157:
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5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5065:Tijuana bible
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
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5041:
5035:
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4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4739:Rooster Teeth
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Prana Studios
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
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4680:
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4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:Hanna-Barbera
4642:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
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4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Cartoon Pizza
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:Animation Lab
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4488:Worker Studio
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4428:Stretch Films
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:ShadowMachine
4396:
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4391:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
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4176:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
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4159:
4156:
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4151:
4149:
4148:CMCC Cartoons
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
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4088:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4051:Sony Pictures
4048:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
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3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
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3921:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:MTV Animation
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3870:
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3572:
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3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:Organizations
3543:
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3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
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3128:
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3119:
3116:
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3107:
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3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
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3087:
3079:
3076:
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3074:
3073:United States
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
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3037:
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3028:
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3018:
3016:
3012:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
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2987:
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2975:
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2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
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2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Decompression
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Tijuana bible
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
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2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Comics poetry
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
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2706:
2703:
2697:
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2609:
2607:
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2599:
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2537:
2531:
2528:
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2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Silent comics
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Graphic novel
2432:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Sunday comics
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
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4664:Kroyer Films
4639:Golden Films
4626:Format Films
4237:Klasky Csupo
4220:Bolder Media
4014:Warner Bros.
3867:Illumination
3858:Harvey Films
3830:NBCUniversal
3598:Critical and
3552:Professional
3337:Comic strips
3030:South Africa
2929:Supervillain
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2460:Motion comic
2412:Mobile comic
2338:Ashcan comic
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4754:Screen Gems
4744:Ruby-Spears
4528:Amblimation
4438:Studiopolis
4299:Mondo Media
4133:Blur Studio
4101:Awesome Inc
4064:Crunchyroll
3751:WikiProject
3387:Other lists
3332:Comic books
3248:Netherlands
3154:Philippines
2866:Underground
2829:Non-fiction
2747:Alternative
2493:Cartoonists
2475:Text comics
2429:Gag cartoon
2385:Lianhuanhua
2370:Comic strip
1489:(in French)
1454:Dupuis 2005
1428:Harvey 2009
1402:Harvey 1994
962:Ages of Man
832:Comics Code
761:comic books
690:Yellow Kid'
579:, owned by
488:dated 1881.
443:Diamond Age
405:Pop culture
379:Secret Wars
362:atomic-bomb
289:Steve Geppi
130:superheroes
5143:Categories
5034:Modern era
5017:Golden age
5012:Silent era
4789:Terrytoons
4573:Cookie Jar
4376:Scholastic
4247:Laika, LLC
4163:Film Roman
4123:Bang Zoom!
3015:By country
2856:Teen humor
2691:Modern Age
2686:Bronze Age
2681:Silver Age
2676:Golden Age
2616:Macedonian
2591:Australian
2572:By country
2558:Minicomics
2455:Film comic
2448:Techniques
2333:Comic book
2169:January 8,
2049:January 8,
2043:1578591546
1990:January 8,
1962:January 8,
1907:January 7,
1754:January 8,
1726:January 8,
1698:January 8,
1632:2008-06-27
1493:14 January
1415:Rubis 2012
1360:14 January
1335:Rubis 2012
1274:Comic Vine
1001:The Comics
969:References
895:comic book
721:Yellow Kid
660:Yellow Kid
654:Yellow Kid
640:presented
593:editorials
484:A tale of
413:Modern Age
351:Modern Age
347:Chrome Age
339:Copper Age
335:Bronze Age
331:Silver Age
319:Golden Age
233:Modern Age
229:Bronze Age
225:Silver Age
196:Golden Age
173:Modern Age
108:comic book
48:art medium
4936:Primetime
4764:Soup2Nuts
4704:MoonScoop
4616:Filmation
4443:Tau Films
4321:NYAV Post
4294:Mexopolis
4257:Lionsgate
3356:By source
3347:Webcomics
3325:By format
3303:Australia
3106:Hong Kong
3046:Argentina
2924:Superhero
2881:Wrestling
2851:Superhero
2792:Dystopian
2767:Celebrity
2752:Ambiguous
2710:Webcomics
2563:Webcomics
2546:Editorial
2539:By format
2520:Letterers
2505:Colorists
2358:Minicomic
2198:630541381
2143:233931259
2116:1951-4050
2099:175290005
2019:191207851
1936:276816625
1827:231585586
1800:689522306
1773:420605740
1486:Le Devoir
1154:Alter Ego
1124:Comic Art
871:superhero
768:archetype
765:superhero
508:newspaper
307:Victorian
245:Comic Art
221:The Flash
217:DC Comics
190:American
124:. During
5128:Category
4523:Allspark
4233:Kinofilm
3741:Category
3648:outreach
3600:academic
3510:ToonSeum
3258:Portugal
3166:Thailand
3149:Pakistan
3039:Americas
2955:Feminist
2899:Antihero
2737:Abstract
2671:American
2606:Filipino
2596:Canadian
2579:American
2485:Creators
2417:Webcomic
2348:One-shot
2270:(2006).
2252:53175529
2225:44573365
1881:27476913
1854:74312669
1607:Showcase
1565:Showcase
1296:Archived
918:See also
911:Watchmen
820:Superman
811:Showcase
772:Superman
448:Ultimate
409:Dark Age
327:Atom Age
200:Superman
149:genres.
118:Superman
84:'s work
58:Overview
42:, where
5043:Related
5005:History
4819:Wētā FX
4563:Chorion
4138:Cartuna
3524:Schools
3446:museums
3296:Oceania
3231:Ireland
3226:Hungary
3221:Germany
3214:Belgium
3199:Croatia
3176:Vietnam
2914:Masking
2876:Western
2834:Romance
2802:Fantasy
2653:History
2530:Writers
2510:Editors
2422:Webtoon
2400:Yonkoma
2326:Formats
1304:Oldbuck
1060:16 July
736:Classic
589:funnies
384:Jim Lee
264:Olympic
5101:(1982)
5095:(1941)
5093:Disney
5089:(1937)
4970:Series
4902:Awards
4769:Spümcø
4497:Former
3822:Majors
3815:Active
3394:Awards
3263:Serbia
3253:Poland
3186:Europe
3171:Turkey
3068:Mexico
3061:Quebec
3056:Canada
3051:Brazil
3023:Africa
2943:Themes
2891:Tropes
2824:Horror
2814:Gekiga
2797:Erotic
2730:Genres
2696:events
2515:Inkers
2395:Topper
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878:Modern
826:, and
824:Batman
786:, and
776:Batman
451:line.
343:chrome
323:atomic
301:, the
287:cites
268:Silver
147:horror
4341:Psyop
4316:Noble
4143:CHRLX
3935:(49%)
3404:manga
3317:Lists
3285:Wales
3268:Spain
3236:Italy
3137:Korea
3130:lists
3125:Japan
3113:India
2919:Rogue
2787:Crime
2742:Adult
2625:Other
2601:Cuban
1605:DC's
816:Flash
539:Judge
527:Punch
471:Early
389:X-Men
143:crime
4153:DNEG
3273:list
3241:list
3209:list
3159:list
3142:list
3118:list
3101:list
3089:Asia
3078:list
2965:LGBT
2839:list
2807:list
2637:list
2551:list
2498:list
2248:OCLC
2238:ISBN
2221:OCLC
2211:ISBN
2194:OCLC
2184:ISBN
2171:2013
2158:ISBN
2139:OCLC
2129:ISBN
2112:ISSN
2095:OCLC
2085:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2051:2013
2038:ISBN
2015:OCLC
2005:ISBN
1992:2013
1979:ISBN
1964:2013
1951:ISBN
1932:OCLC
1922:ISBN
1909:2013
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1877:OCLC
1867:ISBN
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1786:ISBN
1769:OCLC
1756:2013
1743:ISBN
1728:2013
1715:ISBN
1700:2013
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1495:2013
1362:2013
1229:ISBN
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1118:2015
1062:2014
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