Plateosaurus - Knowledge

2378: 1104: 646: 1337: 2219:, growth was initially rapid, continuing somewhat more slowly well beyond sexual maturity, but was determinate, i.e. the animals stopped growing at a maximum size. Mammals grow rapidly, but sexual maturity falls typically at the end of the rapid growth phase. In both groups, the final size is relatively constant, with humans atypically variable. Extant reptiles show a sauropod-like growth pattern, initially rapid, then slowing after sexual maturity, and almost, but not fully, stopping in old age. However, their initial growth rate is much lower than in mammals, birds and dinosaurs. The reptilian growth rate is also very variable, so that individuals of the same age may have very different sizes, and final size also varies significantly. In extant animals, this growth pattern is linked to 2185: 1952: 830: 2029: 2369:, as well as isolated bones. The partial skeletons tend to include the hind limbs and hips, while parts of the anterior body and neck are rarely found in isolation. The animals were all adults or subadults (nearly adult individuals); no juveniles or hatchlings are known. Complete skeletons and large skeleton parts that include the hind limbs all rest dorsal (top) side up, as do the turtles. Also, they are mostly well-articulated, and the hind limbs are three-dimensionally preserved in a zigzag posture, with the feet often much deeper in the sediment than the hips. 2239: 1604: 6523: 534: 6534: 6541: 7935: 8667: 148: 9902: 1592: 1284: 9896: 7940: 2302: 115: 3455: 1395: 7397: 982: 5569: 9891: 7389: 973:, using the term "breit" for different features, including "broad, strong limb bones," noting that it had: "mehreren verwachsenen Wirbeln bestehende Heiligenbein, breite, starke Gliedmaassenknochen von 1 1⁄2 Fuss Länge mit einer geräumigen Markhöhle, zierliche Krystalle von Nadeleisenerz einschliessend, so wie Zehenglieder, welche ebenfalls breit und hohl waren...; es wäre diess der älteste bis jetzt aufgefundene Pachypode." yet found.] 9885: 8659: 7409: 6529: 7403: 8675: 5557: 2170:, swallowed gastroliths to digest food because of their relatively limited ability to deal with food orally has been refuted by a study on gastrolith abundance, weight, and surface structure in fossils compared to alligators and ostriches by Oliver Wings. The use of gastroliths for digestion seems to have developed on the line from basal theropods to birds, with a parallel development in 3461: 2270:

27 years and still growing; most individuals were between 12 and 20 years old. However, some may well have lived much longer, because the fossils from Frick and Trossingen are all animals that died in accidents, and not from old age. Due to the absence of individuals smaller than 4.8 metres (16 ft) long, it is not possible to deduce a complete

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followed a trajectory similar to sauropods, but with a varied growth rate and final size as seen in extant reptiles, probably in response to environmental factors such as food availability. Some individuals were fully grown at only 4.8 metres' (16 ft) total length, while others reached 10 metres

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finds, Fraas suggested that only miring in mud allowed the preservation of the single complete skeleton then known. Similarly, Jaekel interpreted the Halberstadt finds as animals that waded too deep into swamps, became mired and drowned. He interpreted partial remains as having been transported into

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Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens nomina systernatica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in sirigulis classibus (1842–1846). Fasciculus

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Long-bone histology also allows estimating the age a specific individual reached. Sander and Klein found that some individuals were fully grown at 12 years of age, others were still slowly growing at 20 years, and one individual was still growing rapidly at 18 years. The oldest individual found was

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The ribs were connected to the dorsal (trunk) vertebrae with two joints, acting together as a simple hinge joint, which has allowed researchers to reconstruct the inhaled and exhaled positions of the ribcage. The difference in volume between these two positions defines the air exchange volume (the

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showed strong developmental plasticity: instead of having a fairly uniform adult size, fully grown individuals were between 4.8 and 10 metres (16 and 33 ft) long and weighed between 600 and 4,000 kilograms (1,300 and 8,800 lb). Commonly, the animals lived for at least 12 to 20 years, but

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was present in both localities. Jaekel also believed that the Halberstadt material included several plateosaurid dinosaurs, as well as non-plateosaurid prosauropods. Systematic research by Galton drastically reduced the number of genera and species. Galton synonymised all cranial material, and

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to large modern land mammals, but did not describe any important features that fit the terms "flat" or "shaped like an oar." Researcher Ben Creisler therefore concluded that "broad lizard" is the most suitable translation, and possibly was intended to emphasise the giant size of the animal, in

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formally named Dinosauria in 1842, it was not one of the three genera used by Owen to define the group, because at the time, it was poorly known and difficult to identify as a dinosaur. It is now among the dinosaurs best known to science: over 100 skeletons have been found, some of them nearly

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was an obligate (i.e. unable to walk in any other way) biped. Further indicators for a purely bipedal mode of locomotion are the great difference in limb length (the hind limb is roughly twice as long as the forelimb), the very limited motion range of the forelimb, and the fact that the

950:, and will belong to the second division of my Saurian system." Von Meyer later gave the formal name Pachypodes or Pachypoda ("thick feet") to his second division of "Saurians with Limbs Similar to Heavy Land Mammalia", but the group was a synonym of Richard Owen's Dinosauria from 1842. 3197:

Jenkins, F.A. Jr.; Shubin, N.H.; Amaral, W.W.; Gatesy, S.M.; Schaff, C.R.; Clemmensen, L.B.; Downs, W.R.; Davidson, A.R.; Bonde, N.; Osbaeck, F. (1994). "Late Triassic continental vertebrates and depositional environments of the Fleming Fjord Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland".

776:. The type locality is not known for certain, but Moser attempted to infer it from previous publications and the colour and preservation of the bones. He concluded that the material probably stems from the "Buchenbühl", roughly two kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Heroldsberg. 3384:

Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systernatica classium, ordinum, familiarurn et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis, plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et

2445:, is the only one explaining all taphonomic data. The degree of completeness of the carcasses was not influenced by transport, which is obvious from the lack of indications for transport before burial, but rather by how much the dead animals were scavenged. Juveniles of 2441:, Germany, found that the mud-miring hypothesis first suggested by Fraas is true: animals above a certain body weight sank into the mud, which was further liquefied by their attempts to free themselves. Sander's scenario, similar to that proposed for the famous Rancho 1977:

with erect hind limbs for the animals he excavated at Trossingen, with the backbone held at a steep angle (at least during rapid locomotion). In contrast, Jaekel, the main investigator of the Halberstadt material, initially concluded that the animals walked

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were not trapped due to their lower body weights, combined with proportionally larger feet. There is no indication of herding, or of catastrophic burial of such a herd, or catastrophic accumulation of animals that previously died isolated elsewhere.

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could deliver a powerful bite. These features suggest that it fed primarily to exclusively on plants. Its eyes were directed to the sides, rather than the front, providing all-round vision to watch for predators. Some fossil skeletons have preserved

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has no skull, and the other specimens consist of skulls and material that overlaps too little with the holotype to make it certain that it belongs to the same taxon. It is therefore possible that the known material contains more species belonging to

696:(SMNS)) burnt to the ground after an Allied bombing raid. Luckily, however, a 2011 study by SMNS curator Rainer Schoch found that, at least from the finds of Seemann's 1932 excavation, "the scientifically most valuable material is still available". 734:

for oil exploration when they stumbled on a fossil they believed to be plant material. The drill core containing the fossil was extracted from 2,256 m (7,402 ft) below the seafloor. Martin Sander and Nicole Klein, palaeontologists of the

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with a small skull on a long, flexible neck, sharp but plump plant-crushing teeth, powerful hind limbs, short but muscular arms and grasping hands with large claws on three fingers, possibly used for defence and feeding. Unusually for a dinosaur,

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Bonaparte, J.F. (1971). "Los tetrápodos del sector superior de la Formación Los Colorados, La Rioja, Argentina (Triásico Superior)" [The tetrapods of the upper part of the Los Colorados Formation, La Rioja, Argentina (Upper Triassic)].

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suggesting that the skeletons from the lower layers stemmed from a herd that died catastrophically in a mudflow, while those in the upper layers accumulated over time. Weishampel explained the curious monospecific assemblage by theorising that

2429:, and has since become the standard explanation on most internet sites and in popular books on dinosaurs. Rieber proposed a more elaborate scenario, which included the animals dying of thirst or starvation, and being concentrated by mudflows. 2352:

sites—Trossingen, Halberstadt and Frick—is unusual in several ways. All three sites are nearly monospecific assemblages, meaning that they contain practically only one species, which requires very special circumstances. However, shed teeth of

1962:("Skelett 2") at the museum of the Institute for Geosciences of the Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Germany. The shape of the radius dictates that the hand could not be pronated (turned palm down), and thus not play a role in locomotion. 3602: 652:, collection number F 33 of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany, in dorsal view. The skeleton was kept in articulation as found at Trossingen by Seemann in 1933. It has the typical folded hind limbs of most 2409:. He argued that the completeness of many finds indicated that transport did not happen, and saw partial individuals and isolated bones as results of weathering and trampling. Seemann developed a different scenario, in which 1239:

that has been taken apart during preparation and is thus available as separate bones, was described anew in 2011. The authors of that publication, palaeontologists Albert Prieto-Márquez and Mark A. Norell, refer the skull to

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Huene, F. von (1928). "Lebensbild des Saurischier-Vorkommens im obersten Keuper von Trossingen in Württemberg" [Pictures of the life of the Saurischia present in the upper-most Keuper of Trossingen in Württemberg].

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have turned out to be junior synonyms of the type species or invalid names. Von Huene practically erected a new species and sometimes a new genus for each relatively complete find from Trossingen (three species of

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rests squarely over the hind limbs. A recent study based on the cross-sectional geometry of long limb bones, comparisons with extant taxa and inference models also confirmed a bipedal posture and erect stance for

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were common during this period. This theory was erroneously attributed to Seemann in a popular account of the plateosaurs in the collection of the Institute and Museum for Geology and Palaeontology,

2147:; this results in a cutting edge similar to those of extant herbivorous or omnivorous reptiles. Paul Barrett proposed that prosauropods supplemented their mostly herbivorous diets with small prey or 1382:(lower jaw). The thick, leaf-shaped, bluntly serrated tooth crowns were suitable for crushing plant material. The low position of the jaw joint gave the chewing muscles great leverage, so that 5017:

Wellnhofer, P. (1994). "Prosauropod dinosaurs from the Feuerletten (Middle Norian) of Ellingen near Weissenburg in Bavaria. In "Second Georges Cuvier Symposium, Montbeliard (France)", 1992".

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Important cranial characteristics (such as jaw articulation) of most "prosauropods" are closer to those of herbivorous reptiles than those of carnivorous ones, and the shape of the tooth

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with illustrations, but again gave no details on the etymology. He repeatedly referred to its gigantic size ("Riesensaurus" = giant lizard) and massive limbs ("schwerfüssig"), comparing

1450:. Adults of this species reached 4.8 to 10 metres (16 to 33 ft) in length, and ranged in mass from 600 to 4,000 kilograms (1,300 to 8,800 lb). The geologically older species, 2258:

apparently represents an early stage in the development of endothermy, in which endothermy was decoupled from developmental plasticity. This hypothesis is based on a detailed study of

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Leal, L.A.; Azevedo, S.A.K.; Kellner, A.W.A.; Da Rosa, A.A.S. (2004). "A new early dinosaur (Sauropodomorpha) from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic), Paraná Basin, Brazil".

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in quadrupedal posture. The shoulder girdle is in an anatomically infeasible position, the elbow is disarticulated, and the ribcage has the wrong shape, wide instead of high oval.

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From 1980 on, a better understanding of dinosaur biomechanics, and studies by palaeontologists Andreas Christian and Holger Preuschoft on the resistance to bending of the back of

1423:(air sacs of the lung invading the bones to reduce weight) can be found on the bones of only a few individuals, and were only recognised in 2010. Combined with evidence from bone 1317:(collar bones) touching at the body's midline, as in other basal sauropodomorphs. The hind limbs were held under the body, with slightly flexed knees and ankles, and the foot was 3747:

Huene, F. von (1932). "Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte" [The fossil order of reptiles Saurischia, their development and history].

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Weishampel, D.B.; Barrett, P.M.; Coria, R.A.; Loeuff, J.L.; Xing, X.; Xijin, Z.; Sahni, A.; Gomani, E.M.P.; Noto, C. (2004). Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).

2199:, Germany. Anatomically, this mount created under the direction of Friedrich von Huene is one of the best in the world, epitomising the agile, bipedal and digitigrade view of 3070:

Huene, F. von (1926). "Vollständige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwäbischen Keuper" [Complete osteology of a plateosaurid from the Swabian Keuper].

5096:"Locomotor and postural diversity among reptiles viewed through the prism of femoral microanatomy: Palaeobiological implications for some Permian and Mesozoic taxa" 1998:

Gustav Tornier, who interpreted the shape of the articulation surfaces in the hip and shoulder as typically reptilian. Fraas, the first excavator of the Trossingen

668:, was worked repeatedly in the 20th century. Between 1911 and 1932, excavations during six field seasons led by German palaeontologists Eberhard Fraas (1911–1912), 10284: 4179:

Frappell, P.B.; Hinds, D.S.; Boggs, D.F. (2001). "Scaling of respiratory variables and the breathing pattern in birds: an allometric and phylogenetic approach".

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individual estimated to have weighed 690 kg, or 29 mL/kg bodyweight. This is a typical value for birds, but not for mammals, and indicates that

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Paul, G.S. (1997). "Dinosaur models: the good, the bad, and using them to estimate the mass of dinosaurs". In Wolberg, D.L.; Stump, E.; Rosenberg, G. (eds.).

2017:, led to widespread acceptance of an erect, digitigrade limb posture and a roughly horizontal position of the back. Many researchers were of the opinion that 915:– "broad, flat, broad-shouldered"), creating an invalid junior synonym. Later authors often referred to this derivation, and the secondary meaning "flat" of 2413:

herds congregated on large water holes, and some herd members got pushed in. Light animals managed to get free, while heavy individuals got stuck and died.

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long-bone histology conducted by Martin Sander and Nicole Klein of the University of Bonn. A further indication for endothermy is the avian-style lung of

1566:". Reevaluation of "prosauropods" in light of the new methods of analysis led to the reduction of Plateosauridae. For many years the clade only included 1068:

may be a metataxon, which means that there is neither evidence that the material assigned to it is monophyletic (belongs to one species), nor that it is

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skeletons in a clay pit of the Tonwerke Keller AG in Frick, Switzerland, were first noticed in 1976. While the bones are often significantly deformed by

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is not entirely clear, as the original description contains no information and various authors have offered differing interpretations. German geologist

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and other taxa of herbivores were too light to sink into the mud or managed to extract themselves, and were thus not preserved. Similarly, scavenging

3653:"Case 3560 Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): proposed replacement of unidentifiable name-bearing type by a neotype" 3382: 3180: 4738:

Jaekel, O. (1910). "Die Fussstellung und Lebensweise der grossen Dinosaurier" [The foot posture and mode of life of the large dinosaurs].

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On the fauna of ancient times. Second Part. The saurians of the Muschelkalk, with reference to the saurians from the colored Sandstone and Keuper.

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Seemann, R. (1933). "Das Saurierlager in den Keupermergeln bei Trossingen" [The sauria lagerstätte in the Keuper marls near Trossingen].

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Christian, Andreas; Preuschoft, Holger (1996). "Deducing the body posture of extinct large vertebrates from the shape of the vertebral column".

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insisted that the tail curved strongly downward, making a bipedal posture impossible. However, Moser showed that the tail was in fact straight.

4277: 1007:. Moser performed the most extensive and detailed investigation of all plateosaurid material from Germany and Switzerland, concluding that all 1309:

were very short, even compared to most other "prosauropods". However, they were strongly built, with hands adapted for powerful grasping. The

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included "roughly 45 bone fragments", of which nearly half are lost. The remaining material is kept in the Institute for Palaeontology of the

591:) and France. Three localities are of special importance, because they yielded specimens in large numbers and of unusually good quality: near 5579: 3785:

from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. I. Two complete skulls from Trossingen/Württ. With comments on the diet".

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holotype is diagnostic (i.e., has enough characters to be distinct from other material), it is the correct name for the material assigned to

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localities. Red = likely type locality Heroldsberg, black = important sites with many and well-preserved specimens. Other localities in blue.

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supposedly lacked, concluding that the lizard-like reconstructions were correct. However, most of these adaptations are actually present in

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is "long and confusing" and a "chaotic tangle of names". As of 2019, only three species are universally accepted as valid: the type species

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at all. Some of this material is not diagnostic; other material has been recognised to be different, but was never sufficiently described.

398: 5496:"Paleobiological implications of chevron pathology in the sauropodomorph Plateosaurus trossingensis from the Upper Triassic of SW Germany" 4005:

II: an assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount"

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in 3D: How CAD Models and Kinetic–Dynamic Modeling Bring an Extinct Animal to Life". In Klein, N.; Remes, K.; Gee, C.; Sander M. (eds.).

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Zur Fauna der Vorwelt. Zweite Abtheilung. Die Saurier des Muschelkalks, mit Rücksicht auf die Saurier aus dem bunten Sandstein und Keuper

739:, analysed the bone microstructure and concluded that the rock preserved fibrous bone tissue from a fragment of a limb bone belonging to 10244: 521:(how the animals became embedded and fossilised), biomechanics (how their skeletons worked), and palaeobiology (life circumstances) of 509:

was for a long time one of the most misunderstood dinosaurs. Some researchers proposed theories that were later shown to conflict with

5625: 2037: 788: 693: 1558:), Plateosauridae was defined loosely, as large, broad-footed, broad-handed forms with relatively heavy skulls, unlike the smaller " 1354:

is small and narrow, rectangular in side view, and nearly three times as long as it is high. There is an almost rectangular lateral

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Barrett, Paul M. (2000). "Prosauropod dinosaurs and iguanas: Speculations on the diets of extinct reptiles". In Sues, H.-D. (ed.).

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from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. II. All the cranial material and details of soft-part anatomy".

3137:"Tracing Seemann's dinosaur excavation in the Upper Triassic of Trossingen: his field notes and the present status of the material" 4362:

von Meyer, 1837 from the Norian bonebeds of Trossingen (Germany) and Frick (Switzerland)". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

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in Berlin, where much of it was destroyed during World War II. The Halberstadt quarry today is covered by a housing development.

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in 1870): "The bones belong to a gigantic Saurian, which, in virtue of the mass and hollowness of its limb-bones, is allied to

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Wedel, M.J. (2007). "What pneumaticity tells us about 'prosauropods', and vice versa". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

931:, but the teeth and other flat bones such as the pubic bones and some skull elements were unknown at the time of description. 5193: 5078: 5049: 4998: 4970: 4942: 4698: 4371: 4231: 3932: 3542: 5646: 2405:, with the weakest animals, mostly subadults, succumbing to the harsh conditions in the desert and sinking into the mud of 2401:

the deposit by water, and strongly refuted a catastrophic accumulation. In contrast, von Huene interpreted the sediment as

1151:). Later, he merged several of these species, but remained convinced that more than one genus and more than one species of 2250:(33 ft). However, the bone microstructure indicates rapid growth, as in sauropods and extant mammals, which suggests 2120:

must have increased speed by using higher stride frequencies, created by rapid and powerful limb retraction. Reliance on

2002:, also favoured a reptilian posture. Müller-Stoll listed a number of characters required for an erect limb posture that 10224: 3559: 3432: 692:). Much of the Trossingen material was destroyed in 1944, when the Naturaliensammlung in Stuttgart (predecessor to the 5494:

Schaeffer, Joep; Wolff, Ewan; Witzmann, Florian; Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Schoch, Rainer R.; Mujal, Eudald (2024-07-31).

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Christian, Andreas; Koberg, Dorothee; Preuschoft, Holger (1996). "Shape of the pelvis and posture of the hindlimbs in

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Galton, Peter M. (1990). "Basal Sauropodomorpha-Prosauropoda". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).

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had the typical body shape of a herbivorous bipedal dinosaur: a small skull, a long and flexible neck composed of 10

557: 459: 254: 4442:"Dispersal and diversity in the earliest North American sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with a description of a new taxon" 3862:

Meyer, 1837 (Upper Triassic, Germany), with notes on other European prosauropods with "distally straight" femora".

3271:"Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany" 2143:. The maximum width of the crown was greater than that of the root for the teeth of most "prosauropods", including 765: 2848: 1626:

for basal sauropodomorphs. Some researchers do not agree that plateosaurs were the direct ancestors of sauropods.

672:(1921–23), and finally Reinhold Seemann (1932) revealed a total of 35 complete or partially complete skeletons of 10259: 10105: 6533: 2192:

GPIT/RE/7288, a nearly complete individual from Trossingen at the museum of the Institute for Geosciences of the

1036: 6540: 6522: 5591: 5237:"No gastric mill in sauropod dinosaurs: new evidence from analysis of gastrolith mass and function in ostriches" 4162:

I: body mass, mass distribution and posture assessed using CAD and CAE on a digitally mounted complete skeleton"

4053: 3603:"Opinion 2435 (Case 3560) – Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): new type species designated" 1955: 4925:

Galton, Peter M.; Upchurch, Paul (2004). "Prosauropoda". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.).

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Huene, F. von (1926). "On several known and unknown reptiles of the order Saurischia from England and France".

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Creisler, Benjamin S. (2007). "Deciphering Duckbills: A History in Nomenclature". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.).

2124: 1504:, being some kind of reptile, but not in any more narrowly defined taxon. In 1845, von Meyer created the group 447:

are also known. However, others have been assigned in the past, and there is no broad consensus on the species

7934: 2384:, collection number MSF 23 of the Sauriermuseum Frick, Switzerland, in dorsal view. This is the most complete 10274: 5618: 5561: 5325:

Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in dinosaurs inferred from scleral ring and orbit morphology".

927:

is supposed to have been intended as a reference to flat bones, for example the laterally flattened teeth of

4718:[The dinosaurs of the European Triassic Formation, with consideration of non-European occurrences]. 525:

have been re-studied in detail, altering the interpretation of the animal's biology, posture and behaviour.

3318: 2998: 2220: 4716:"Die Dinosaurier der europäischen Triasformation mit Berücksichtigung der aussereuropäischen Vorkommnisse" 4636: 2813:

Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) of Bavaria].

676:, as well as fragmentary remains of approximately 70 more individuals. The large number of specimens from 10249: 3226: 2967:

Weishampel, D.B. (1984). "Trossingen: E. Fraas, F. von Huene, R. Seemann, and the "Schwäbische Lindwurm"

1370:(nostril) are of almost equal size. The jaws carried many small, leaf-shaped, socketed teeth: 5 to 6 per 466:

was the fifth named dinosaur genus that is still considered valid. Although it had been described before

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Sander, M.; Klein, N. (2005). "Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur".

3962: 10264: 10234: 5211:"A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification" 4389:"A revision of the problematic sauropodomorph dinosaurs from Manchester, Connecticut and the status of 2060:

its hands. The pronated position in some museum mounts had been achieved by exchanging the position of

2057: 10269: 9901: 9895: 5073:. Life of the Past (series ed. Farlow, J.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 219–236. 3165: 3136: 2365:, but is preserved in a similar position. All sites yielded almost complete and partial skeletons of 4758: 3492: 2426: 2193: 131: 10254: 9938: 5713: 5611: 2807:

Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) von Bayern"

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evidence, but have become the paradigm of public opinion. Since 1980 the taxonomy (relationships),

7939: 5185: 2361:. Additionally, a partial "prosauropod" skeleton was found in Halberstadt that does not belong to 2166:

stones) in the stomach area. The old, widely cited idea that all large dinosaurs, implicitly also

814: 639: 5044:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 139–155. 4366:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 169–206. 4248: 4226:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 207–222. 2216: 2108:

muscles are short, especially in the ankle, where a distinct, moment arm-increasing tuber on the

2105: 2021:

could use both quadrupedal gaits (for slow speeds) and bipedal gaits (for rapid locomotion), and

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Gônet, Jordan; Bardin, Jérémie; Girondot, Marc; Hutchinson, John R.; Laurin, Michel (May 2023).

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p. 13 in Moser (2003), see also pp. 17 and pp. 36–40, English summary on pp. 160–161 and 163–164

2317: 1019:. However, this is problematic due to the undiagnostic state of the lectotype. Moser considered 858: 680:

had already caused German palaeontologist Friedrich August von Quenstedt to nickname the animal

10239: 10199: 10132: 10063: 9997: 9959: 7408: 7396: 7388: 5573: 4934: 3924: 3896:

Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic). II. Notes on the referred species".

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Vollrath, A. (1959). "Schichtenfolge (Stratigraphie)" [Layer sequence (stratigraphy)].

878: 10037: 4693:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 77. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 9–55. 2815:

Zitteliana Reihe B: Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie

10194: 10186: 10127: 10058: 9928: 9890: 9619: 5901: 3582: 2092:

adaptations, including an erect hind limb posture, a relatively long lower leg, an elongated

1987: 1535: 1420: 406: 10050: 9884: 8658: 7402: 5177: 4926: 3916: 768:, Germany. From these bones, German palaeontologist Markus Moser in 2003 selected a partial 10006: 8674: 6528: 5389: 5334: 5297: 5142: 4798: 4404: 4316: 4111: 4036:

Yates, A.M.; Vasconcelos, C.C. (2005). "Furcula-like clavicles in the prosauropod dinosaur

3282: 2928: 2329: 1344: 1264: 1192:. Furthermore, a variety of species in other genera were created for material belonging to 829: 818: 803: 127: 5133:

Gatesy, S.M. (1990). "Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion".

2416:

A different school of thought developed almost half a century later, with palaeontologist

604: 545:

In 1834, physician Johann Friedrich Engelhardt discovered some vertebrae and leg bones at

8: 6604: 5378:"Taphonomy, deposition and pedogenesis in the Upper Triassic dinosaur beds of Trossingen" 5178: 3462:

On the Classification of the Dinosauria, with observations on the Dinosauria of the Trias

2417: 2238: 1363: 939: 854: 669: 5530: 5495: 5393: 5338: 5301: 5146: 4832:

Fraas, Eberhard (1912). "Die schwäbischen Dinosaurier" [The Swabian dinosaurs].

4802: 4408: 4320: 4115: 3286: 2932: 1570:

and various junior synonyms, but later two more genera were considered to belong to it:

431:, but it was ruled as undiagnostic (i.e. indistinguishable from other dinosaurs) by the 9659: 6731: 5413: 5358: 5261: 5236: 5158: 4814: 4657: 4466: 4441: 4422: 4358:

Klein, N.; Sander, P.M. (2007). "Bone histology and growth of the prosauropod dinosaur

4340: 4269: 4204: 4127: 4073: 4065: 3724: 3680: 3630: 3300: 3018: 2438: 1509: 1298: 736: 452: 448: 340: 142: 5479:

Rieber, H. (1985). "Der Plateosaurier von Frick" [The plateosaur from Frick].

5180:

Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates: Perspectives from the Fossil Record

4249:"The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs" 4157: 3473: 2044:

The bipedal-quadrupedal consensus was changed by a detailed study of the forelimbs of

1407:

amount of air moved with each breath), determined to be approximately 20 L for a

533: 10181: 10045: 9795: 9336: 8083: 7724: 7453: 6641: 5535: 5517: 5417: 5405: 5350: 5266: 5189: 5115: 5074: 5045: 4994: 4966: 4938: 4927: 4694: 4471: 4426: 4417: 4388: 4367: 4332: 4227: 4196: 4131: 4057: 3928: 3917: 3875: 3672: 3634: 3622: 3538: 3408: 3295: 3270: 3196: 3022: 2940: 2822: 2458: 2402: 458:

Discovered in 1834 by Johann Friedrich Engelhardt and described three years later by

5362: 5210: 5162: 4818: 4344: 4273: 4208: 4097: 4077: 3914: 3728: 3684: 3304: 1546:" by von Huene, a placement that was accepted by most authors. Before the advent of 873:

in Ancient Greek. In the same year, Agassiz proposed that the name derives from the

9666: 9511: 9451: 9093: 8985: 8891: 8782: 8584: 8564: 8503: 7622: 7475: 7322: 7039: 6993: 6973: 6917: 6220: 5997: 5977: 5525: 5507: 5397: 5342: 5305: 5256: 5248: 5150: 5107: 4991:

Dinofest International: Proceedings of a Symposium held at Arizona State University

4806: 4667: 4552: 4525: 4461: 4453: 4412: 4324: 4259: 4188: 4119: 4049: 4016: 3871: 3716: 3664: 3614: 3469: 3290: 3207: 3010: 2936: 2462: 2442: 2093: 2028: 2022: 1774: 1563: 1355: 1302: 895: 834: 719: 394: 3211: 3115: 2437:

A detailed re-assessment of the taphonomy by palaeontologist Martin Sander of the

2231:), and is called "developmental plasticity". (Note that is not the same as neural 1458:), was somewhat smaller, with a total length of 4 to 5 metres (13 to 16 ft). 934:

Von Meyer's original short description from 1837 did not provide an etymology for

10159: 10090: 9933: 9803: 9536: 9429: 9125: 9105: 9086: 9044: 8971: 8957: 8840: 8591: 8511: 8158: 7694: 7685: 7546: 7538: 7465: 7225: 7103: 6924: 6780: 6611: 6340: 6333: 6325: 6312: 6229: 5775: 5762: 5725: 5698: 5673: 5634: 5512: 5310: 5285: 4715: 4689:

Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

1875: 1484: 1359: 1310: 727: 584: 410: 221: 5290:

Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe

3560:"Plateosaurus, Gresslyosaurus, and the Swabian Dragon–with a Picture and a Song" 1244:, a species erected in 1905 by Friedrich von Huene and regarded as a synonym of 9810: 9725: 9607: 9552: 9502: 9314: 9307: 9253: 9225: 9180: 9153: 9028: 8993: 8935: 8862: 8775: 8539: 8418: 8390: 8369: 8354: 8276: 8249: 8067: 8051: 8017: 7860: 7659: 7531: 7357: 7096: 7075: 7024: 7016: 6868: 6861: 6768: 6667: 6655: 6463: 6435: 6272: 6243: 6236: 6182: 6096: 6082: 6066: 6041: 5871: 5032:

Bonnan, Matthew; Senter, Phil (2007). "Were the basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs

2282: 2172: 2121: 2074: 2049: 1979: 1814: 1789: 1646: 1543: 1493: 1474: 1388: 1321:, meaning the animal walked on its toes. The proportionally long lower leg and 1039:

cast further doubt on the generic separation. He included the type material of

384: 234: 5401: 5154: 4556: 3407:]. Freiburg: Geologisches Landesamt in Baden-Württemberg. pp. 27–89. 3352:] (in German). Dresden and Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung. p. 813. 1999: 1492:

was the first "prosauropod" to be described, and gives its name to the family

817:

in Berlin. Its type locality is Halberstadt, located in Saxony-Anhalt and the

10218: 9982: 9853: 9838: 9817: 9733: 9693: 9681: 9651: 9600: 9572: 9545: 9466: 9443: 9391: 9322: 9246: 9212: 9201: 9139: 9058: 9021: 9000: 8950: 8928: 8920: 8913: 8906: 8847: 8812: 8789: 8731: 8598: 8577: 8445: 8436: 8425: 8404: 8383: 8361: 8304: 8181: 8118: 8002: 7825: 7801: 7767: 7738: 7731: 7710: 7645: 7638: 7631: 7596: 7587: 7524: 7516: 7509: 7439: 7426: 7343: 7267: 7210: 7189: 7138: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7067: 7046: 6965: 6942: 6789: 6746: 6648: 6625: 6597: 6428: 6421: 6369: 6265: 6202: 6193: 6075: 5949: 5917: 5885: 5846: 5828: 5807: 5521: 5409: 5119: 4671: 4061: 3709:(Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Trossingen (Germany)" 3676: 3626: 2389: 2290: 2136: 2061: 1832: 1744: 1712: 1619: 874: 626: 620: 596: 588: 72: 30: 5377: 5346: 4529: 4328: 3567: 3440: 3412: 3163: 2826: 1951: 1481:

group (thus given in quotation marks), and most researchers prefer the term

9861: 9831: 9824: 9761: 9702: 9628: 9560: 9518: 9487: 9473: 9458: 9436: 9420: 9354: 9343: 9294: 9275: 9268: 9146: 9132: 9118: 9072: 9065: 9036: 9007: 8943: 8884: 8826: 8819: 8768: 8761: 8724: 8706: 8693: 8621: 8605: 8546: 8532: 8496: 8489: 8475: 8453: 8347: 8339: 8332: 8311: 8283: 8231: 8217: 8203: 8188: 8139: 8060: 8032: 8025: 7844: 7833: 7810: 7792: 7717: 7703: 7610: 7567: 7560: 7502: 7495: 7258: 7173: 6981: 6931: 6903: 6896: 6875: 6847: 6833: 6753: 6697: 6676: 6362: 6250: 6154: 6110: 6055: 6027: 5988: 5814: 5539: 5354: 5270: 5252: 4475: 4457: 4336: 4200: 3668: 3001:[About the vertebrate finds in the Upper Triassic of Halberstadt]. 2975:(Reif, W.-E.; Westphal, F. ed.). Tübingen: ATTEMPTO. pp. 249–253. 2406: 2357:

have been found at all three sites, as well as remains of the early turtle

2336:

thus lived probably between approximately 227 and 208.5 million years ago.

2251: 2212: 1634: 1591: 1530: 1524: 1439: 1283: 969:

based to two public lectures. In the book on page 44, he briefly described

715: 665: 554: 514: 467: 418: 414: 263: 5286:"Life history of Tendaguru sauropods as inferred from long-bone histology" 4965:(1 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 320–344. 4264: 4021: 4000: 3618: 2301: 2293:, active throughout the day and night, possibly avoiding the midday heat. 1103: 10099: 9991: 9846: 9754: 9740: 9636: 9525: 9480: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9329: 9261: 9239: 9160: 9051: 8746: 8553: 8518: 8411: 8376: 8318: 8297: 8290: 8262: 8195: 8167: 8132: 8125: 8111: 8010: 7995: 7896: 7818: 7781: 7652: 7603: 7364: 7240: 7203: 7196: 7165: 7149: 7089: 7053: 7031: 6951: 6910: 6854: 6826: 6812: 6760: 6713: 6633: 6618: 6590: 6456: 6414: 6400: 6380: 6354: 6300: 6293: 6209: 6175: 6161: 6004: 5942: 5878: 5855: 5821: 5793: 3835:) (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Switzerland". 3589:

On the Reptiles and Mammals from the Different Time Periods of the Earth.

3405:

Explanations on the geological map of Stuttgart and surroundings 1:50 000

2184: 1983: 1971: 1891: 1727: 1559: 1336: 1318: 1061:. In 1926, von Huene had already concluded the two genera were the same. 838: 784: 635: 592: 546: 505:

Despite the great quantity and excellent quality of the fossil material,

126:(GPIT "Skelett 2"), consisting of two individual specimens from the 114: 47: 4495:

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde

3497:

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde

3401:

Erläuterungen zur geologischen Karte von Stuttgart und Umgebung 1:50 000

2802: 2196: 1313:

was narrow (often misaligned in skeletal mounts and drawings), with the

791:, Germany, and the type locality is Heslach, a suburb of the same city. 645: 134: 10173: 10119: 10024: 9747: 9674: 9643: 9405: 9232: 9079: 9014: 8978: 8964: 8899: 8870: 8833: 8796: 8739: 8325: 8269: 8224: 8174: 8146: 8104: 8040: 7988: 7970: 7957: 7881: 7874: 7867: 7853: 7760: 7753: 7746: 7666: 7578: 7553: 7283: 7233: 7217: 7181: 7082: 6958: 6882: 6796: 6739: 6690: 6442: 6258: 6147: 6011: 5970: 5935: 5664: 4851:

Müller-Stoll, H. (1935). "Studie zur biologischen Anatomie der Gattung

4810: 4685:

Yates, A.M. (2007). "The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur

4123: 4069: 3477: 3014: 2224: 2215:

mammals and birds. In the closely related sauropods with their typical

2159: 1974: 1661: 1576: 1547: 1497: 1371: 1322: 1072:(belongs to several species). This is the case because the holotype of 611:

in Saxony-Anhalt revealed between 39 and 50 skeletons that belonged to

600: 490: 205: 92: 57: 5111: 3804:

Galton, Peter M. (1985). "Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur

3781:

Galton, Peter M. (1984). "Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur

3164:

Hurum, J.H.; Bergan, M.; Müller, R.; Nystuen, J.P.; Klein, N. (2006).

1500:. Initially, when the genus was poorly known, it was only included in 861:, breit)" as the origin of the name, with von Meyer's Latin spelling 9710: 9592: 9398: 8877: 8855: 8804: 8525: 8482: 8468: 8210: 7903: 7889: 7774: 7488: 7336: 7329: 7060: 7009: 6572: 6559: 6474: 6449: 6407: 6286: 6126: 5893: 5835: 5598: 5586: 4861:

Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg

3964:

Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die fossilen und lebenden Formen

3584:

Ueber Die Reptilien und Säugethiere Der Verschiedenen Zeiten Der Erde

2450: 2377: 2354: 2345: 2228: 2116:

probably did not use gaits with aerial, unsupported phases. Instead,

2109: 2089: 1701: 1623: 1551: 1539: 1518: 1478: 1470: 1432: 1424: 1416: 1394: 1069: 967:

Ueber Die Reptilien und Säugethiere Der Verschiedenen Zeiten Der Erde

846: 743:, making it the first dinosaur found in Norway. Material referred to 731: 723: 704: 550: 518: 493: 159: 97: 41: 9953: 5095: 4880: 4834:

Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg

4786: 4513: 4178: 3704: 3231:

Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-medicinischen Societät in Erlangen

607:, Germany; and Frick. Between the 1910s and 1930s, excavations in a 10153: 10084: 9976: 9718: 9384: 9194: 8397: 8238: 8097: 7350: 6840: 6683: 6393: 6168: 6140: 6048: 5963: 5956: 5863: 5800: 5682: 5658: 5568: 5071:

Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the life of giants

4763:

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Monatsberichte

4740:

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Monatsberichte

4192: 3720: 3591:] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: S. Schmerber. pp. 1–150. 2278:

or determine the growth rate of animals less than 10 years of age.

2271: 1994:-like hopping, a change of heart for which he was mocked by German 1991: 1505: 1379: 1314: 1235:

The skull of AMNH FARB 6810, the best-preserved skull of

1084:

Some scientists regard other species as valid as well, for example

1053: 923:

is often translated as "flat lizard". Often, claims were made that

685: 616: 608: 561: 480: 391: 387: 192: 179: 87: 82: 67: 62: 52: 5603: 5462:

Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde, Württemberg

4514:"On the affinities and classification of the dinosaurian reptiles" 4246: 3454: 2461:

of specimen SMNS 13200 have been hypothesized to be the result of

981: 579:

has been found at over 50 localities in Germany (mainly along the

8754: 7158: 7002: 6889: 6347: 5431: 4933:(2 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 3702: 2163: 2148: 1995: 1375: 1301:, a stocky body, and a long, mobile tail composed of at least 40 1157: 773: 510: 102: 77: 10011: 4439: 3923:(2 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 3522:] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: H. Keller. pp. 1–167. 1622:

simplified after Yates, 2007. This is only one of many proposed

711:

comparable in completeness and position to those of Trossingen.

9283: 8461: 6279: 5652: 5556: 4993:. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences. pp. 129–154. 4920: 4918: 4611:"Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America" 2140: 2101: 2097: 1990:

the body. Only a year later, Jaekel instead favoured a clumsy,

1501: 1271:, that does not belong to the type species and possibly not to 1012: 769: 689: 677: 656:

finds. Unusually, the anterior body is not twisted to one side.

580: 472: 376: 169: 34: 5493: 5040:

habitual quadrupeds?". In Barrett, P.M.; Batten, D.J. (eds.).

4924: 4720:

Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Supplement-Band

3858:

Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha). I: The syntypes of

2999:"Über die Wirbeltierfunde in der oberen Trias von Halberstadt" 2669:

Moser (2003), summarized on p. 152 (English summary on p. 179)

1970:

in the scientific literature at some point. Von Huene assumed

1603: 1035:

belong to the same species. Palaeontologist Adam Yates of the

451:

of plateosaurid dinosaurs. Similarly, there are a plethora of

5093: 5042:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

4789:[The latest dinosaur finds in the Swabian Triassic]. 4691:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

4364:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

4224:

Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs

1555: 1367: 938:, but noted (as translated into English by British biologist 887: 572:

have been discovered at various locations throughout Europe.

380: 4915: 4035: 3908: 2723:

pp. 142–144 in Moser (2003) (English summary on pp. 176–177)

2289:

and modern birds and reptiles suggest that it may have been

2112:

is missing. This means that in contrast to running mammals,

1966:

Practically every imaginable posture has been suggested for

1333:

was typically dinosaurian, muscular and with high mobility.

9585: 6089: 5031: 4054:

10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0466:FCITPD]2.0.CO;2

3969:

The Vertebrates. An overview of the fossil and extant forms

3864:

Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen

2065: 753: 435:. Currently, there are three valid species; in addition to 432: 3698: 3696: 3694: 751:

of East Greenland, but they were given the new genus name

7247: 4787:"Die neuesten Dinosaurierfunde in der schwäbischen Trias" 3124:] (in German). Tübingen: H. Laupp'schen Buchhandlung. 2127:

instead of extension is typical for non-avian dinosaurs.

4902: 2588:

p. 296 in Agassiz (1846), cited on p. 13 in Moser (2003)

2096:

and a digitigrade foot posture. However, in contrast to

2068:

in the elbow. The lack of forelimb pronation meant that

130:, museum of the Institute for Geosciences (GPIT) of the 4956: 4954: 3691: 3388:(in Latin). Soloduri: Jent & Gassmann. p. 296. 2973:

Third Symposium on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers

2705:

pp. 138–142 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 176)

2579:

p. 34 in Agassiz (1844), cited on p. 13 in Moser (2003)

2139:

is similar to that of modern herbivorous or omnivorous

1550:

in paleontology during the 1980s, with its emphasis on

965:

Von Meyer had authored a popular audience book in 1852

953:

In 1855, von Meyer published a detailed description of

4574:

Young (gen. et sp. nov.) from Lufeng, Yunnan, China".

3370:(in Latin). Soloduri: Jent & Gassmann. p. 34. 2309:

and contemporary animals from the Trossingen Formation

615:, along with teeth and a small number of bones of the 568:. Since then, remains of well over 100 individuals of 9918: 5324: 5234: 4911:] (in German). Tübingen: ATTEMPTO. pp. 1–27. 4357: 3535:

Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs

3466:

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London

2543:

pp. 14–15 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 160)

2348:(burial and fossilisation process) of the three main 2036:. An example of the out-dated skeleton mounts in the 1263:, there is much prosauropod material from the German 1110:

skull and neck (MB 1927.19.1) previously assigned to

624:, and two skeletons and some fragments of the turtle 4951: 4855:" [Study on the biological anatomy of the genus 2396:

In the first published discussion of the Trossingen

2207:

Similar to all non-avian dinosaurs studied to date,

1015:

stems from the same species as the type material of

903:– "lizard"). Agassiz consequently renamed the genus 319: 306: 293: 270: 5230: 5228: 4641:

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft

4306: 3892:Galton, Peter M. (2001). "The prosauropod dinosaur 3854:Galton, Peter M. (2000). "The prosauropod dinosaur 3566:. University of Southern California. Archived from 3439:. University of Southern California. Archived from 3433:"Plateosaurus: the Etymology and Meaning of a Name" 638:in 1914. Most of the material found its way to the 9787: 5432:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2022/10" 5318: 5184:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 4713: 4639:[About the Triassic dinosaurs of Europe]. 3426: 3424: 3422: 3229:[Saurian finds in the Frankonian Keuper]. 2687:p. 152 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 179) 2678:p. 152 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 179) 2633:p. 152 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 179) 2489:Quenstedt (1858), cited on p. 255 in Sander (1992) 2242:Muscle reconstructions and pathologies of the tail 1419:-style flow-through lung, although indicators for 1180:are junior objective synonyms) to be identical to 1164:and the Trossingen material, which he referred to 630:. Some of the plateosaur material was assigned to 5087: 4876: 4874: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 2921:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2919:bonebeds of central Europe and their taphonomy". 2525:p. 13 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 161) 2516:p. 12 in Moser (2003) (English summary on p. 170) 2332:(upper Norian) and equivalently aged rock units. 1329:could run quickly on its hind limbs. The tail of 886:– "paddle", "rudder"; Agassiz translates this as 10216: 7314: 5225: 5175: 4960: 4850: 4608: 4258:. advance online (accepted manuscript): 85–100. 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3891: 3853: 3826: 3803: 3780: 3166:"A Late Triassic dinosaur bone, offshore Norway" 2966: 1982:, like lizards, with a sprawling limb position, 869:), the genitive case of the masculine adjective 10285:Taxa named by Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer 5455: 5453: 4898: 4896: 4831: 4784: 4588: 4433: 4247:Yates, A.M.; Wedel, M.J.; Bonnan, M.F. (2011). 4172: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 3827:Galton, Peter M. (1986). "Prosauropod dinosaur 3551: 3419: 3224: 3218: 3113: 2996: 5773: 5697: 5016: 4871: 4084: 3537:. Indiana University Press. pp. 185–210. 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2211:grew in a pattern that is unlike that of both 2179: 802:. Its type locality is Trossingen, within the 455:(invalid duplicate names) at the genus level. 401:, in what is now Central and Northern Europe. 379:", often mistranslated as "flat lizard") is a 5619: 5058: 4844: 4634: 4582: 4570:Young, C.C. (1941). "A complete osteology of 4542: 4488: 4440:Rowe, T.B.; Sues, H.-D.; Reisz, R.R. (2011). 4240: 4029: 3975: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3887: 3885: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3746: 3705:"Redescription of a nearly complete skull of 3580: 3526: 3513: 3490: 3484: 3341: 3264: 3093: 3072:Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen 3069: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2861:Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie 2846: 2052:and Senter (2007), which clearly showed that 1391:(rings of bone plates that protect the eye). 1267:in museum collections, most of it labeled as 1011:and most other prosauropod material from the 798:is SMNS 132000, stored in the same museum as 7437: 5472: 5450: 5375: 5369: 5283: 5169: 5132: 5064: 5025: 5012: 5010: 4893: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4651: 4482: 4155: 4138: 3998: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3703:Prieto-Márquez, A.; Norell, Mark A. (2011). 3574: 3557: 3507: 3430: 3398: 3392: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3159: 3157: 3134: 3107: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2914: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 1057:for some material that had been assigned to 865:evidently derived from the stem of πλᾰτέος ( 8704: 5459: 5277: 5126: 4984: 4982: 4756: 4750: 4684: 4569: 4511: 4386: 4221: 3749:Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie 3380: 3374: 3362: 3356: 3335: 3268: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 2833: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 789:Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart 5626: 5612: 5478: 5438:. International Commission on Stratigraphy 5376:Schoch, Rainer R.; Seegis, Dieter (2014). 5202: 4988: 4737: 4731: 4602: 4536: 3960: 3941: 3882: 3847: 3820: 3797: 3759: 3190: 3128: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2372: 1092:. These claims are problematic since both 471:complete. The abundance of its fossils in 113: 7968: 5529: 5511: 5382:Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 5309: 5260: 5208: 5007: 4825: 4773: 4759:"Protokoll der Sitzung vom 3 Januar 1912" 4707: 4628: 4563: 4505: 4465: 4416: 4380: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4263: 4215: 4020: 3735: 3294: 3241: 3154: 2979: 2871: 2800: 2038:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart 694:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart 634:, a species described by palaeontologist 6570: 4979: 3532: 3082: 3036: 2753: 2546: 2376: 2300: 2237: 2183: 2032:Mounted cast of SMNS 13200, holotype of 2027: 1950: 1602: 1590: 1393: 1335: 1282: 1259:Aside from fossils clearly belonging to 1102: 998:P. trossingensis, P. longiceps, and 980: 828: 644: 532: 528: 4728:Link to full text only available in US 4493:[Taxonomy of fossil saurians]. 3971:] (in German). Berlin: Borntraeger. 3657:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 3607:The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 2947: 1118:, at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin 1003:, previously assigned to its own genus 427:; before 2019, that honor was given to 10217: 4545:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4351: 4287: 3650: 3459: 2480:based on fig. 3 (p. 8) in Moser (2003) 1584:is probably another junior synonym of 1232:, pending a revision of the material. 660:The second major German locality with 9958: 9957: 9917: 8691: 7955: 7424: 6557: 5760: 5645: 5607: 4678: 4181:Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 3646: 3644: 3495:[System of Fossil Saurians]. 2316:, the older species, is found in the 1184:. Markus Moser, however, showed that 813:is MB R.1937, which is stored in the 772:(series of fused hip vertebrae) as a 722:, located at the northern end of the 707:processes, Frick yields skeletons of 664:finds, a quarry in Trossingen in the 4637:"Über die Trias-Dinosaurier Europas" 3227:"Saurierfunde im Fränkischen Keuper" 553:, Germany. Three years later German 502:the maximum life span is not known. 10230:Multispecific sauropodomorph genera 5761: 5633: 4576:Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C 3200:Meddelelser om Grønland, Geoscience 2130: 1958:view of left lower arm and hand of 1946: 475:, Germany, has led to the nickname 13: 5241:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4446:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4042:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3641: 2432: 1402:specimens representing two species 1228:has been considered separate from 1156:described differences between the 1143:) and Halberstadt (one species of 962:particular its robust limb bones. 14: 10301: 10245:Late Triassic dinosaurs of Europe 9919:Topics in sauropodomorph research 7425: 5549: 4578:. 7 (Whole Series No. 121): 1–59. 3474:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1870.026.01-02.09 3345:Grundriss der Versteinerungskunde 2915:Sander, P.M. (1992). "The Norian 2696:pp. 193–194 in Jaekel (1913–1914) 1534:. Plateosauridae was proposed by 1461: 1362:(eye socket), the sub-triangular 1100:have undiagnostic type specimens. 9900: 9894: 9889: 9883: 8692: 8673: 8665: 8657: 7938: 7933: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7387: 6539: 6532: 6527: 6521: 5567: 5555: 5487: 5424: 5235:Wings, O.; Sander, P.M. (2007). 4909:The plateosaurs from Trossingen. 4905:Die Plateosaurier von Trossingen 4418:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00952.x 4283:from the original on 2011-05-22. 3468:. Vol. 26. pp. 32–51. 3453: 3296:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x 3186:from the original on 2006-09-29. 3032:from the original on 2013-12-28. 2735: 2726: 2465:, induced by a mud-miring trap. 2296: 1941: 1599:skeleton in Sauriermuseum, Frick 1469:is a member of a group of early 976: 766:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 146: 45: 4903:Weishampel, D.B.; Westphal, F. 3595: 3447: 3311: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2615:pp. 152-155 in von Meyer (1855) 2609: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2564: 2555: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 1037:University of the Witwatersrand 7956: 3564:Dinosaur Mailing List, Archive 3558:Creisler, B. (December 2015). 3437:Dinosaur Mailing List, Archive 3431:Creisler, B. (February 2012). 2474: 2151:, thus making them omnivores. 1358:at the back. The large, round 1278: 1188:is itself a junior synonym of 1074:P. (Sellosaurus) gracilis 1051:and reintroduced the old name 1027:, but did not discuss whether 1: 10290:Late Triassic sauropodomorphs 10280:Fossil taxa described in 1837 6558: 5592:3D walking skeletal model of 5215:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 4491:"System der fossilen Saurier" 4256:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 4009:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 3493:"System der fossilen Saurier" 3212:10.7146/moggeosci.v32i.140904 2855:[message to Prof. Bronn ( 2747: 2203:confirmed by recent research. 587:river valleys), Switzerland ( 5513:10.1371/journal.pone.0306819 5311:10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020107 4104:Paläontologische Zeitschrift 3837:Geologica et Palaeontologica 3810:Geologica et Palaeontologica 3787:Geologica et Palaeontologica 3173:Norwegian Journal of Geology 3003:Paläontologische Zeitschrift 2941:10.1016/0031-0182(92)90100-J 2849:"Mitteilung an Prof. Bronn ( 2339: 2285:and estimated orbit size of 2221:behavioural thermoregulation 824: 353:Pidancet & Chopard, 1862 7: 4714:Huene, F. von (1907–1908). 4518:American Journal of Science 3898:Revue Paléobiologie, Genève 3460:Huxley, Thomas H. (1870). " 2552:pp. 331–332 in Yates (2003) 2507:p. 74 in Blankenhorn (1898) 2180:Life history and metabolism 747:has also been found in the 390:that lived during the Late 10: 10306: 4166:Palaeontologia Electronica 3876:10.1127/njgpa/216/2000/233 3074:. Neue Folge (in German). 2457:Pathologies affecting the 2320:(lower to middle Norian). 2307:Plateosaurus trossingensis 1512:of Dinosauria) to include 796:Plateosaurus trossingensis 424:Plateosaurus trossingensis 275:Plateosaurus trossingensis 10225:Sauropodomorphs of Europe 10143: 10074: 9966: 9924: 9913: 9881: 9783: 9692: 9618: 9580: 9571: 9535: 9501: 9419: 9353: 9302: 9293: 9220: 9211: 9189: 9178: 9113: 9104: 8719: 8715: 8700: 8687: 8654: 8620: 8572: 8563: 8435: 8257: 8248: 8157: 8092: 8081: 8050: 7983: 7979: 7964: 7951: 7931: 7843: 7800: 7791: 7693: 7684: 7621: 7586: 7577: 7483: 7474: 7463: 7448: 7433: 7420: 7384: 7310: 7282: 7266: 7257: 7148: 6992: 6941: 6821: 6810: 6779: 6726: 6722: 6711: 6666: 6585: 6581: 6566: 6553: 6519: 6473: 6388: 6379: 6320: 6311: 6219: 6192: 6135: 6124: 6065: 6036: 6025: 5987: 5930: 5926: 5915: 5845: 5788: 5784: 5769: 5756: 5724: 5706: 5693: 5641: 5402:10.1007/s12549-014-0166-8 5155:10.1017/S0094837300009866 4609:Galton, Peter M. (1976). 4557:10.1080/00222932608633437 3713:American Museum Novitates 3651:Galton, Peter M. (2012). 2817:(in German and English). 2194:Eberhard-Karls-University 1889: 1872: 1865: 1829: 1811: 1804: 1786: 1779: 1767: 1741: 1724: 1717: 1706: 1675: 1658: 1651: 1639: 1542:. Later it was moved to " 1456:Sellosaurus gracilis 1198:Dimodosaurus poligniensis 1126:except the type species, 1064:Yates has cautioned that 992:The taxonomic history of 375:(probably meaning "broad 346: 339: 290: 285: 269: 262: 143:Scientific classification 141: 132:Eberhard-Karls-University 121: 112: 23: 9939:List of sauropod species 4785:Fraas, Eberhard (1913). 4672:10.11646/zootaxa.690.1.1 4360:Plateosaurus engelhardti 3225:Blankenhorn, M. (1898). 3114:Quenstedt, F.A. (1858). 2997:Jaekel, O. (1913–1914). 2857:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2851:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2811:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2805:Plateosaurus engelhardti 2597:p. 57 in Vollrath (1959) 2468: 2281:Comparisons between the 2233:developmental plasticity 1421:postcranial pneumaticity 1398:Size comparison of four 1248:by Markus Moser. If the 1023:to be the same genus as 1017:Plateosaurus engelhardti 762:Plateosaurus engelhardti 730:, were drilling through 429:Plateosaurus engelhardti 5347:10.1126/science.1200043 4530:10.2475/ajs.s4-7.42.403 4329:10.1126/science.1120125 2570:p. 89 in Geinitz (1846) 2498:p. 271 in Schoch (2011) 2373:Earlier interpretations 1222:Pachysaurus wetzelianus 1202:Gresslyosaurus robustus 749:Fleming Fjord Formation 714:In 1997, workers of an 560:designated them as the 16:Sauropodomorph dinosaur 10260:Fossils of Switzerland 10145:Plateosaurus longiceps 5253:10.1098/rspb.2006.3763 5065:Mallison, H. (2011). " 5019:Revue de Paléobiologie 4635:Huene, F. von (1905). 4489:Meyer, H. von (1845). 4458:10.1098/rspb.2010.1867 3669:10.21805/bzn.v69i3.a15 3581:Meyer, H. von (1852). 3514:Meyer, H. von (1855). 3491:Meyer, H. von (1845). 3342:Geinitz, H.B. (1846). 2847:Meyer, H. von (1837). 2741:p. 332 in Yates (2003) 2732:p. 331 in Yates (2003) 2660:p. 328 in Yates (2003) 2651:p. 331 in Yates (2003) 2624:p. 317 in Yates (2003) 2427:University of Tübingen 2393: 2310: 2243: 2217:dinosaurian physiology 2204: 2041: 1963: 1615: 1600: 1477:". The group is not a 1403: 1347: 1291: 1250:P. erlenbergensis 1242:P. erlenbergensis 1206:Gresslyosaurus torgeri 1119: 1086:P. erlenbergensis 989: 907:, probably from Greek 842: 811:Plateosaurus longiceps 657: 542: 413:dinosaur, a so-called 10195:Paleobiology Database 10128:Paleobiology Database 10106:Plateosaurus gracilis 10076:Plateosaurus gracilis 10059:Paleobiology Database 9929:Sauropod neck posture 9620:Opisthocoelicaudiinae 5483:(in German) (6): 3–4. 5284:Sander, P.M. (1999). 5021:. special 7: 263–271. 4265:10.4202/app.2010.0075 4156:Mallison, H. (2010). 4022:10.4202/app.2009.0075 3999:Mallison, H. (2010). 3619:10.21805/bzn.v76.a042 3367:VI continens Reptilia 3350:Basics of fossil lore 3135:Schoch, R.R. (2011). 2714:p. 145 in Paul (1997) 2606:p. 13 in Moser (2003) 2561:p. 13 in Moser (2003) 2407:ephemeral water holes 2380: 2314:Plateosaurus gracilis 2304: 2241: 2190:P. trossingensis 2187: 2154:So far, no fossil of 2031: 1960:P. trossingensis 1954: 1618:Basal sauropodomorph 1606: 1594: 1562:" and sauropod-like " 1536:Othniel Charles Marsh 1448:P. trossingensis 1397: 1339: 1286: 1214:Pachysaurus giganteus 1170:P. trossingensis 1122:All named species of 1106: 984: 841:showing tripodal pose 832: 815:Museum für Naturkunde 809:The type specimen of 794:The type specimen of 781:Plateosaurus gracilis 779:The type specimen of 709:P. trossingensis 682:Schwäbischer Lindwurm 648: 640:Museum für Naturkunde 575:Material assigned to 536: 529:Discovery and history 477:Schwäbischer Lindwurm 302:(von Huene, 1907–08 ) 124:P. trossingensis 10275:Triassic Switzerland 5564:at Wikimedia Commons 4757:Tornier, G. (1912). 4572:Lufengosaurus huenei 4512:Marsh, O.C. (1895). 4387:Yates, A.M. (2010). 3613:(1): 144–145. 2019. 3381:Agassiz, L. (1846). 3363:Agassiz, L. (1844). 3269:Yates, A.M. (2003). 2642:p. 5 in Huene (1926) 2330:Trossingen Formation 2318:Löwenstein Formation 2158:has been found with 1988:laterally undulating 1613:Sellosaurus gracilis 1611:, formerly known as 1607:Life restoration of 1427:this indicates that 1345:Royal Ontario Museum 1168:. Galton recognised 1041:Sellosaurus gracilis 819:Trossingen Formation 804:Trossingen Formation 397:, around 214 to 204 361:von Huene, 1907–1908 128:Trossingen Formation 122:Mounted skeleton of 9788:Dubious titanosaurs 6605:Chinshakiangosaurus 5580:3D skull models of 5394:2014PdPe...94..571S 5339:2011Sci...332..705S 5302:1999FossR...2..103S 5147:1990Pbio...16..170G 4803:1913NW......1.1097F 4791:Naturwissenschaften 4452:(1708): 1044–1053. 4409:2010Palgy..53..739Y 4321:2005Sci...310.1800S 4315:(5755): 1800–1802. 4116:1996PalZ...70..591C 3961:Jaekel, O. (1911). 3860:P. engelhardti 3287:2003Palgy..46..317Y 2933:1992PPP....93..255M 1409:P. engelhardti 1378:, and 21 to 28 per 1364:antorbital fenestra 1246:P. engelhardti 1194:P. engelhardti 1190:P. engelhardti 1162:P. engelhardti 1108:P. engelhardti 1033:P. engelhardti 940:Thomas Henry Huxley 855:Hanns Bruno Geinitz 760:The type series of 670:Friedrich von Huene 10250:Fossils of Germany 9660:Opisthocoelicaudia 6732:Archaeodontosaurus 5209:Wings, O. (2007). 5100:Journal of Anatomy 4811:10.1007/BF01493265 4124:10.1007/BF02988095 3015:10.1007/BF03160336 2801:Moser, M. (2003). 2439:University of Bonn 2394: 2311: 2244: 2205: 2088:shows a number of 2042: 1964: 1616: 1601: 1508:(a defunct junior 1404: 1348: 1299:cervical vertebrae 1292: 1218:Pachysaurus magnus 1174:P. fraasianus 1120: 990: 843: 737:University of Bonn 658: 543: 10265:Fossils of Norway 10235:Clawed herbivores 10210: 10209: 10182:Open Tree of Life 10046:Open Tree of Life 9960:Taxon identifiers 9951: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9909: 9908: 9879: 9878: 9875: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9796:Bruhathkayosaurus 9779: 9778: 9775: 9774: 9771: 9770: 9497: 9496: 9415: 9414: 9337:Panamericansaurus 9174: 9173: 9170: 9169: 8683: 8682: 8652: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8644: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8616: 8615: 8084:Titanosauriformes 8077: 8076: 7947: 7946: 7929: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7725:Brachytrachelopan 7680: 7679: 7676: 7675: 7454:Haplocanthosaurus 7416: 7415: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7315:Dubious sauropods 7306: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7297: 6806: 6805: 6707: 6706: 6642:Protognathosaurus 6549: 6548: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6120: 6119: 6021: 6020: 5911: 5910: 5752: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5560:Media related to 5333:(6030): 705–708. 5247:(1610): 635–640. 5195:978-0-521-59449-3 5112:10.1111/joa.13833 5080:978-0-253-35508-9 5051:978-1-4051-6933-2 5000:978-0-935868-94-4 4972:978-0-520-06727-1 4944:978-0-520-25408-4 4797:(45): 1097–1100. 4700:978-1-4051-6933-2 4373:978-1-4051-6933-2 4233:978-1-4051-6933-2 3934:978-0-520-25408-4 3544:978-0-253-34817-3 2056:was incapable of 1938: 1937: 1929: 1928: 1920: 1919: 1911: 1910: 1902: 1901: 1854: 1853: 1845: 1844: 1756: 1755: 1690: 1689: 1254:P. longiceps 1186:P. longiceps 1182:P. longiceps 1166:P. longiceps 1128:P. gracilis, 1094:P. erlenbergensis 787:, is kept at the 632:P. longiceps 605:Baden-Württemberg 558:Hermann von Meyer 537:Map of important 460:Hermann von Meyer 399:million years ago 368: 367: 362: 354: 333: 328:von Meyer, 1837 ( 316: 303: 258: 10297: 10270:Triassic Germany 10203: 10202: 10190: 10189: 10177: 10176: 10164: 10163: 10162: 10136: 10135: 10123: 10122: 10110: 10109: 10108: 10095: 10094: 10093: 10067: 10066: 10054: 10053: 10041: 10040: 10028: 10027: 10015: 10014: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9987: 9986: 9985: 9955: 9954: 9915: 9914: 9904: 9898: 9893: 9887: 9785: 9784: 9667:Pellegrinisaurus 9578: 9577: 9533: 9532: 9512:Bustingorrytitan 9452:Futalognkosaurus 9300: 9299: 9218: 9217: 9187: 9186: 9111: 9110: 9094:Diamantinasauria 8986:Pellegrinisaurus 8892:Jiangshanosaurus 8783:Baotianmansaurus 8717: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8702: 8701: 8689: 8688: 8678: 8677: 8670: 8669: 8662: 8661: 8585:Diamantinasaurus 8570: 8569: 8565:Diamantinasauria 8504:Jiangshanosaurus 8255: 8254: 8090: 8089: 7981: 7980: 7977: 7976: 7966: 7965: 7953: 7952: 7942: 7937: 7798: 7797: 7691: 7690: 7623:Rebbachisaurinae 7584: 7583: 7481: 7480: 7476:Rebbachisauridae 7472: 7471: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7434: 7422: 7421: 7411: 7405: 7400: 7399: 7392: 7391: 7323:Bothriospondylus 7312: 7311: 7264: 7263: 7040:Eomamenchisaurus 6994:Mamenchisauridae 6974:Lapparentosaurus 6918:Spinophorosaurus 6819: 6818: 6724: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6568: 6567: 6555: 6554: 6544: 6543: 6536: 6531: 6525: 6386: 6385: 6318: 6317: 6221:Massospondylidae 6133: 6132: 6063: 6062: 6034: 6033: 5998:Jaklapallisaurus 5978:Thecodontosaurus 5928: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5786: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5771: 5770: 5758: 5757: 5704: 5703: 5695: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5643: 5642: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5605: 5604: 5572:Data related to 5571: 5559: 5544: 5543: 5533: 5515: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5436:stratigraphy.org 5428: 5422: 5421: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5264: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5183: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5014: 5005: 5004: 4986: 4977: 4976: 4958: 4949: 4948: 4932: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4878: 4869: 4868: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4782: 4771: 4770: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4735: 4729: 4727: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4632: 4626: 4625: 4615: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4551:(101): 473–489. 4540: 4534: 4533: 4524:(300): 483–498. 4509: 4503: 4502: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4469: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4420: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4304: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4267: 4253: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4153: 4136: 4135: 4110:(3–4): 591–601. 4095: 4082: 4081: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 3996: 3973: 3972: 3958: 3939: 3938: 3922: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3778: 3757: 3756: 3744: 3733: 3732: 3700: 3689: 3688: 3648: 3639: 3638: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3428: 3417: 3416: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3329: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3298: 3266: 3239: 3238: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3151: 3141: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3091: 3080: 3079: 3067: 3034: 3033: 3031: 2994: 2977: 2976: 2964: 2945: 2944: 2927:(3–4): 255–299. 2912: 2869: 2868: 2844: 2831: 2830: 2798: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2688: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2463:capture myopathy 2443:La Brea Tar Pits 2418:David Weishampel 2403:aeolian deposits 2322:P. trossingensis 2131:Feeding and diet 2034:P. trossingensis 1947:Posture and gait 1868: 1867: 1807: 1806: 1782: 1781: 1775:Massospondylidae 1770: 1769: 1720: 1719: 1709: 1708: 1654: 1653: 1642: 1641: 1630: 1629: 1609:P. gracilis 1597:P. trossingensis 1454:(formerly named 1452:P. gracilis 1415:probably had an 1356:temporal foramen 1341:P. trossingensis 1303:caudal vertebrae 1289:P. trossingensis 1210:Pachysaurus ajax 1049:P. gracilis 1029:S. gracilis 1001:P. gracilis 835:life restoration 783:, an incomplete 720:Snorre oil field 650:P. trossingensis 564:of a new genus, 515:palaeontological 437:P. trossingensis 360: 352: 327: 321: 314: 308: 301: 295: 272: 253: 246: 233: 220: 151: 150: 117: 107: 44: 29:Temporal range: 21: 20: 10305: 10304: 10300: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10255:Triassic Norway 10215: 10214: 10211: 10206: 10198: 10193: 10185: 10180: 10172: 10167: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10139: 10131: 10126: 10118: 10113: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10089: 10088: 10083: 10070: 10062: 10057: 10049: 10044: 10036: 10031: 10023: 10018: 10010: 10005: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9981: 9980: 9975: 9962: 9952: 9943: 9934:Sauropod hiatus 9920: 9905: 9867: 9804:Campylodoniscus 9767: 9688: 9614: 9567: 9537:Nemegtosauridae 9531: 9493: 9430:Argentinosaurus 9411: 9349: 9289: 9207: 9183: 9166: 9126:Atsinganosaurus 9106:Lirainosaurinae 9100: 9087:Xianshanosaurus 8972:Normanniasaurus 8958:Narambuenatitan 8841:Dongyangosaurus 8709: 8696: 8679: 8672: 8664: 8656: 8636: 8612: 8592:Sarmientosaurus 8559: 8512:Phuwiangosaurus 8431: 8244: 8159:Brachiosauridae 8153: 8086: 8073: 8046: 7973: 7960: 7943: 7909: 7839: 7787: 7695:Dicraeosauridae 7686:Flagellicaudata 7672: 7617: 7573: 7547:Nopcsaspondylus 7539:Maraapunisaurus 7468: 7466:Diplodocimorpha 7459: 7442: 7429: 7412: 7394: 7386: 7370: 7294: 7278: 7253: 7226:Tehuelchesaurus 7144: 7104:Tienshanosaurus 6988: 6937: 6925:Tehuelchesaurus 6815: 6802: 6781:Vulcanodontidae 6775: 6716: 6703: 6662: 6612:Gongxianosaurus 6575: 6562: 6545: 6538: 6489: 6469: 6375: 6334:Jingshanosaurus 6326:Chuxiongosaurus 6313:Sauropodiformes 6307: 6230:Adeopapposaurus 6215: 6188: 6129: 6116: 6061: 6030: 6017: 5983: 5920: 5907: 5841: 5778: 5776:Sauropodomorpha 5765: 5763:Sauropodomorpha 5740: 5726:Sauropodomorpha 5720: 5714:Avemetatarsalia 5699:Avemetatarsalia 5689: 5674:Avemetatarsalia 5648: 5647: 5637: 5635:Sauropodomorpha 5632: 5552: 5547: 5506:(7): e0306819. 5492: 5488: 5477: 5473: 5458: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5430: 5429: 5425: 5374: 5370: 5323: 5319: 5282: 5278: 5233: 5226: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5174: 5170: 5131: 5127: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5063: 5059: 5052: 5030: 5026: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4987: 4980: 4973: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4923: 4916: 4901: 4894: 4879: 4872: 4849: 4845: 4830: 4826: 4783: 4774: 4755: 4751: 4736: 4732: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4683: 4679: 4656: 4652: 4633: 4629: 4613: 4607: 4603: 4587: 4583: 4568: 4564: 4541: 4537: 4510: 4506: 4487: 4483: 4438: 4434: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4356: 4352: 4305: 4288: 4280: 4251: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4220: 4216: 4177: 4173: 4154: 4139: 4096: 4085: 4034: 4030: 3997: 3976: 3959: 3942: 3935: 3913: 3909: 3890: 3883: 3852: 3848: 3825: 3821: 3802: 3798: 3779: 3760: 3745: 3736: 3701: 3692: 3649: 3642: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3579: 3575: 3556: 3552: 3545: 3531: 3527: 3512: 3508: 3489: 3485: 3452: 3448: 3429: 3420: 3397: 3393: 3379: 3375: 3361: 3357: 3340: 3336: 3327: 3325: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3267: 3242: 3223: 3219: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3168: 3162: 3155: 3144:Palaeodiversity 3139: 3133: 3129: 3112: 3108: 3097:Palaeobiologica 3092: 3083: 3068: 3037: 3029: 2995: 2980: 2965: 2948: 2913: 2872: 2845: 2834: 2799: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2435: 2433:Mud-miring trap 2375: 2342: 2305:Restoration of 2299: 2182: 2133: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1903: 1876:Jingshanosaurus 1855: 1846: 1757: 1691: 1564:melanorosaurids 1538:in 1895 within 1464: 1389:sclerotic rings 1374:, 24 to 30 per 1311:shoulder girdle 1287:Restoration of 1281: 1178:P. integer 979: 893:= "spade") and 857:in 1846 gave "( 827: 728:Lunde Formation 555:palaeontologist 531: 315:Jaekel, 1913-14 281: 278: 252: 244: 231: 222:Sauropodomorpha 218: 145: 108: 106: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 39: 38: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10303: 10293: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10204: 10191: 10178: 10165: 10149: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10137: 10124: 10111: 10096: 10080: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10068: 10055: 10042: 10029: 10016: 10003: 9988: 9972: 9970: 9964: 9963: 9949: 9948: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9925: 9922: 9921: 9911: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9858: 9850: 9843: 9835: 9828: 9821: 9814: 9811:Clasmodosaurus 9807: 9800: 9791: 9789: 9781: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9773: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9766: 9765: 9758: 9751: 9744: 9737: 9730: 9726:Maxakalisaurus 9722: 9715: 9707: 9698: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9686: 9678: 9671: 9663: 9656: 9648: 9640: 9633: 9624: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9608:Quaesitosaurus 9604: 9597: 9589: 9581: 9575: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9557: 9553:Quaesitosaurus 9549: 9541: 9539: 9530: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9507: 9505: 9503:Saltasauroidea 9499: 9498: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9491: 9484: 9477: 9470: 9463: 9455: 9448: 9440: 9433: 9425: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9409: 9402: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9367: 9359: 9357: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9347: 9340: 9333: 9326: 9319: 9315:Maxakalisaurus 9311: 9308:Adamantisaurus 9303: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9287: 9280: 9272: 9265: 9258: 9254:Epachthosaurus 9250: 9243: 9236: 9229: 9226:Antarctosaurus 9221: 9215: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9205: 9198: 9190: 9184: 9181:Eutitanosauria 9179: 9176: 9175: 9172: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9157: 9154:Mansourasaurus 9150: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9122: 9114: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9090: 9083: 9076: 9069: 9062: 9055: 9048: 9041: 9033: 9029:Tastavinsaurus 9025: 9018: 9011: 9004: 8997: 8994:Petrobrasaurus 8990: 8982: 8975: 8968: 8961: 8954: 8947: 8940: 8936:Malarguesaurus 8932: 8925: 8917: 8910: 8903: 8896: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8867: 8863:Epachthosaurus 8859: 8852: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8801: 8793: 8786: 8779: 8776:Austroposeidon 8772: 8765: 8758: 8751: 8743: 8736: 8728: 8720: 8710: 8705: 8698: 8697: 8685: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8602: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8573: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8557: 8550: 8543: 8540:Tangvayosaurus 8536: 8529: 8522: 8515: 8508: 8500: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8465: 8458: 8450: 8441: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8422: 8419:Tastavinsaurus 8415: 8408: 8401: 8394: 8391:Pukyongosaurus 8387: 8380: 8373: 8370:Liubangosaurus 8366: 8358: 8355:Liaoningotitan 8351: 8344: 8336: 8329: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8301: 8294: 8287: 8280: 8277:Astrophocaudia 8273: 8266: 8258: 8252: 8250:Somphospondyli 8246: 8245: 8243: 8242: 8235: 8228: 8221: 8214: 8207: 8200: 8192: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8163: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8143: 8136: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8108: 8101: 8093: 8087: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8068:Lourinhasaurus 8064: 8056: 8054: 8052:Camarasauridae 8048: 8047: 8045: 8044: 8037: 8029: 8022: 8018:Dashanpusaurus 8014: 8007: 7999: 7992: 7984: 7974: 7969: 7962: 7961: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7944: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7900: 7893: 7886: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7861:Dinheirosaurus 7857: 7849: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7837: 7830: 7822: 7815: 7806: 7804: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7778: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7743: 7735: 7728: 7721: 7714: 7707: 7699: 7697: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7670: 7663: 7660:Rebbachisaurus 7656: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7625: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7607: 7600: 7592: 7590: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7571: 7564: 7557: 7550: 7543: 7535: 7532:Lavocatisaurus 7528: 7521: 7513: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7484: 7478: 7469: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7449: 7443: 7438: 7431: 7430: 7418: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7361: 7358:Qinlingosaurus 7354: 7347: 7340: 7333: 7326: 7318: 7316: 7308: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7291:(see below ↓ ) 7288: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7276: 7275:(see below ↓ ) 7272: 7270: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7244: 7237: 7230: 7222: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7178: 7170: 7162: 7154: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7142: 7135: 7128: 7121: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7097:Rhomaleopakhus 7093: 7086: 7079: 7076:Mamenchisaurus 7072: 7064: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7036: 7028: 7025:Chuanjiesaurus 7021: 7017:Cetiosauriscus 7013: 7006: 6998: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6978: 6970: 6962: 6955: 6947: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6869:Dashanpusaurus 6865: 6862:Cetiosauriscus 6858: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6822: 6816: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6793: 6785: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6769:Zizhongosaurus 6765: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6727: 6717: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6680: 6672: 6670: 6668:Lessemsauridae 6664: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6656:Tuebingosaurus 6652: 6645: 6638: 6630: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6586: 6576: 6571: 6564: 6563: 6551: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6467: 6464:Sefapanosaurus 6460: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6436:Melanorosaurus 6432: 6425: 6418: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6276: 6273:Massospondylus 6269: 6262: 6255: 6247: 6244:Glacialisaurus 6240: 6237:Coloradisaurus 6233: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6206: 6198: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6183:Tuebingosaurus 6179: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6136: 6130: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6097:Pachysauriscus 6093: 6086: 6083:Gresslyosaurus 6079: 6071: 6069: 6067:Plateosauridae 6060: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6042:Plateosauravus 6037: 6031: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6008: 6001: 5993: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5931: 5921: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5898: 5890: 5882: 5875: 5872:Chromogisaurus 5868: 5860: 5851: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5789: 5779: 5774: 5767: 5766: 5754: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5716: 5707: 5701: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5676: 5667: 5661: 5655: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5589: 5577: 5576:at Wikispecies 5565: 5551: 5550:External links 5548: 5546: 5545: 5486: 5471: 5449: 5423: 5388:(4): 571–593. 5368: 5317: 5296:(1): 103–112. 5276: 5224: 5201: 5194: 5168: 5141:(2): 170–186. 5125: 5106:(5): 891–916. 5086: 5079: 5057: 5050: 5038:Massospondylus 5024: 5006: 4999: 4978: 4971: 4963:The Dinosauria 4950: 4943: 4929:The Dinosauria 4914: 4892: 4870: 4843: 4824: 4772: 4749: 4730: 4706: 4699: 4687:Melanorosaurus 4677: 4650: 4627: 4601: 4594:(in Spanish). 4592:Opera Lilloana 4581: 4562: 4535: 4504: 4481: 4432: 4403:(4): 739–752. 4379: 4372: 4350: 4286: 4239: 4232: 4214: 4193:10.1086/319300 4171: 4137: 4083: 4048:(2): 466–468. 4038:Massospondylus 4028: 4015:(3): 433–458. 3974: 3940: 3933: 3919:The Dinosauria 3907: 3881: 3870:(2): 233–275. 3846: 3833:Gresslyosaurus 3819: 3796: 3758: 3734: 3721:10.1206/3727.2 3715:(3727): 1–58. 3690: 3663:(3): 203–212. 3640: 3594: 3573: 3570:on 2016-08-09. 3550: 3543: 3525: 3506: 3483: 3446: 3443:on 2018-01-20. 3418: 3391: 3385:emendationibus 3373: 3355: 3334: 3323:paleobiodb.org 3310: 3281:(2): 317–337. 3240: 3237:(1897): 67–91. 3217: 3189: 3153: 3127: 3106: 3081: 3035: 2978: 2946: 2870: 2832: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2716: 2707: 2698: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2545: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2434: 2431: 2388:skeleton from 2382:P. engelhardti 2374: 2371: 2341: 2338: 2328:stem from the 2298: 2295: 2181: 2178: 2173:Psittacosaurus 2132: 2129: 2075:centre of mass 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1888: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1815:Coloradisaurus 1810: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1790:Massospondylus 1785: 1780: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1707: 1705: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1647:Plateosauridae 1640: 1638: 1628: 1494:Plateosauridae 1485:sauropodomorph 1463: 1462:Classification 1460: 1305:. The arms of 1280: 1277: 1256:Jaekel, 1913. 1145:Gresslyosaurus 1098:P. engelhardti 1090:P. engelhardti 985:Skull cast of 978: 975: 833:Outdated 1912 826: 823: 530: 527: 411:sauropodomorph 366: 365: 364: 363: 355: 344: 343: 337: 336: 335: 334: 324:P. engelhardti 317: 304: 288: 287: 286:Other species 283: 282: 279: 267: 266: 260: 259: 242: 238: 237: 235:Plateosauridae 229: 225: 224: 216: 209: 208: 203: 196: 195: 190: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 139: 138: 119: 118: 110: 109: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 28: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10302: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10240:Norian genera 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10213: 10201: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10183: 10179: 10175: 10170: 10166: 10161: 10155: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10142: 10134: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10116: 10112: 10107: 10101: 10097: 10092: 10086: 10082: 10081: 10079: 10077: 10073: 10065: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10008: 10004: 9999: 9993: 9989: 9984: 9978: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9956: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9923: 9916: 9912: 9903: 9899: 9897: 9892: 9886: 9864: 9863: 9859: 9856: 9855: 9854:Mongolosaurus 9851: 9849: 9848: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9839:Macrurosaurus 9836: 9834: 9833: 9829: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9820: 9819: 9818:Hypselosaurus 9815: 9813: 9812: 9808: 9806: 9805: 9801: 9798: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9764: 9763: 9759: 9757: 9756: 9752: 9750: 9749: 9745: 9743: 9742: 9738: 9736: 9735: 9734:Neuquensaurus 9731: 9728: 9727: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9694:Saltasaurinae 9691: 9684: 9683: 9682:Zhuchengtitan 9679: 9677: 9676: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9664: 9662: 9661: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9652:Dreadnoughtus 9649: 9646: 9645: 9641: 9639: 9638: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9617: 9610: 9609: 9605: 9603: 9602: 9601:Qingxiusaurus 9598: 9595: 9594: 9590: 9588: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9573:Saltasauridae 9570: 9563: 9562: 9558: 9555: 9554: 9550: 9548: 9547: 9546:Nemegtosaurus 9543: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9490: 9489: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9476: 9475: 9471: 9469: 9468: 9467:Mendozasaurus 9464: 9461: 9460: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9444:Dzharatitanis 9441: 9439: 9438: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9408: 9407: 9403: 9401: 9400: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9392:Gondwanatitan 9389: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9380: 9379: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9368: 9366: 9365: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9356: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9327: 9325: 9324: 9323:Muyelensaurus 9320: 9317: 9316: 9312: 9310: 9309: 9305: 9304: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9273: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9255: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9247:Chucarosaurus 9244: 9242: 9241: 9237: 9235: 9234: 9230: 9228: 9227: 9223: 9222: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9213:Colossosauria 9210: 9204: 9203: 9202:Menucocelsior 9199: 9197: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9182: 9177: 9163: 9162: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9142: 9141: 9140:Lirainosaurus 9137: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9128: 9127: 9123: 9121: 9120: 9116: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9103: 9096: 9095: 9091: 9089: 9088: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9070: 9068: 9067: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9059:Trigonosaurus 9056: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9047: 9046: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9026: 9024: 9023: 9022:Ruyangosaurus 9019: 9017: 9016: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9005: 9003: 9002: 9001:Pitekunsaurus 8998: 8996: 8995: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8983: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8974: 8973: 8969: 8967: 8966: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8953: 8952: 8951:Mnyamawamtuka 8948: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8933: 8931: 8930: 8929:Magyarosaurus 8926: 8923: 8922: 8921:Ligabuesaurus 8918: 8916: 8915: 8914:Laplatasaurus 8911: 8909: 8908: 8907:Karongasaurus 8904: 8902: 8901: 8897: 8894: 8893: 8889: 8887: 8886: 8882: 8880: 8879: 8875: 8873: 8872: 8868: 8865: 8864: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8848:Dreadnoughtus 8845: 8843: 8842: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8831: 8829: 8828: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8817: 8815: 8814: 8813:Borealosaurus 8810: 8807: 8806: 8802: 8799: 8798: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8790:Barrosasaurus 8787: 8785: 8784: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8773: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8759: 8757: 8756: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8732:Aegyptosaurus 8729: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8721: 8718: 8714: 8711: 8708: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8690: 8686: 8676: 8671: 8668: 8660: 8630: 8629: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8601: 8600: 8599:Savannasaurus 8596: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8587: 8586: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8578:Australotitan 8575: 8574: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8549: 8548: 8544: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8501: 8499: 8498: 8494: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8478: 8477: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8446:Australodocus 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8437:Euhelopodidae 8434: 8428: 8427: 8426:Triunfosaurus 8423: 8421: 8420: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8409: 8407: 8406: 8405:Sauroposeidon 8402: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8384:Padillasaurus 8381: 8379: 8378: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8363: 8362:Ligabuesaurus 8359: 8357: 8356: 8352: 8350: 8349: 8345: 8342: 8341: 8337: 8335: 8334: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8323: 8321: 8320: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8305:Chubutisaurus 8302: 8300: 8299: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8267: 8265: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8236: 8234: 8233: 8229: 8227: 8226: 8222: 8220: 8219: 8215: 8213: 8212: 8208: 8206: 8205: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8182:Brachiosaurus 8179: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8170: 8169: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8156: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8137: 8135: 8134: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8119:Fushanosaurus 8116: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8088: 8085: 8080: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8003:Bashunosaurus 8000: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7986: 7985: 7982: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7954: 7950: 7941: 7936: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7892: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7827: 7826:Atlantosaurus 7823: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7803: 7802:Apatosaurinae 7799: 7796: 7794: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7768:Smitanosaurus 7765: 7763: 7762: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7741: 7740: 7739:Dyslocosaurus 7736: 7734: 7733: 7732:Dicraeosaurus 7729: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7711:Amargatitanis 7708: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7646:Katepensaurus 7643: 7641: 7640: 7639:Itapeuasaurus 7636: 7634: 7633: 7632:Demandasaurus 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7612: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7597:Cathartesaura 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7588:Limaysaurinae 7585: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7565: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7544: 7541: 7540: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7525:Histriasaurus 7522: 7519: 7518: 7517:Dzharatitanis 7514: 7512: 7511: 7510:Comahuesaurus 7507: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7444: 7441: 7440:Diplodocoidea 7436: 7432: 7428: 7427:Diplodocoidea 7423: 7419: 7410: 7406: 7404: 7398: 7390: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7346: 7345: 7344:Gigantosaurus 7341: 7339: 7338: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7325: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7281: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7268:Diplodocoidea 7265: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7211:Narindasaurus 7208: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7190:Losillasaurus 7187: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7139:Zigongosaurus 7136: 7134: 7133: 7132:Yuanmousaurus 7129: 7127: 7126: 7125:Xinjiangtitan 7122: 7120: 7119: 7118:Wamweracaudia 7115: 7113: 7112: 7111:Tonganosaurus 7108: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7068:Klamelisaurus 7065: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7047:Huangshanlong 7044: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6991: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6967: 6966:Ferganasaurus 6963: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6943:Cetiosauridae 6940: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6894: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6852: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6817: 6814: 6809: 6799: 6798: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6790:Tazoudasaurus 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6747:Ohmdenosaurus 6744: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6729: 6728: 6725: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6710: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6693: 6692: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6649:Schleitheimia 6646: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6626:Leonerasaurus 6623: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6598:Blikanasaurus 6595: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6524: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6431: 6430: 6429:Leonerasaurus 6426: 6424: 6423: 6422:Lamplughsaura 6419: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6370:Yunnanosaurus 6367: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6266:Lufengosaurus 6263: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6203:Eucnemesaurus 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6194:Riojasauridae 6191: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6123: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6076:Euskelosaurus 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6024: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5950:Bagualosaurus 5947: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5918:Bagualosauria 5914: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886:Pampadromaeus 5883: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5847:Saturnaliidae 5844: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5831: 5830: 5829:Pampadromaeus 5826: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5808:Gigantoscelus 5805: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5759: 5755: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5624: 5622: 5617: 5615: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5575: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5541: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5490: 5482: 5475: 5467: 5464:(in German). 5463: 5456: 5454: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5312: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5229: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5197: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5181: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5090: 5082: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5020: 5013: 5011: 5002: 4996: 4992: 4985: 4983: 4974: 4968: 4964: 4957: 4955: 4946: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4930: 4921: 4919: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4897: 4888: 4884: 4883:Palaeontology 4877: 4875: 4866: 4863:(in German). 4862: 4858: 4854: 4847: 4840:: lxvi–lxvii. 4839: 4836:(in German). 4835: 4828: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4793:(in German). 4792: 4788: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4768: 4765:(in German). 4764: 4760: 4753: 4746:(4): 270–277. 4745: 4742:(in German). 4741: 4734: 4725: 4722:(in German). 4721: 4717: 4710: 4702: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4646: 4643:(in German). 4642: 4638: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4508: 4500: 4497:(in German). 4496: 4492: 4485: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4397:Palaeontology 4394: 4392: 4383: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4235: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4161: 4158:"The digital 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4004: 4001:"The digital 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3936: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3920: 3911: 3904:(2): 435–502. 3903: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3886: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3754: 3751:(in German). 3750: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3645: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3546: 3540: 3536: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3502: 3499:(in German). 3498: 3494: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3387: 3386: 3377: 3369: 3368: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3338: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3275:Palaeontology 3272: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3236: 3233:(in German). 3232: 3228: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3193: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3110: 3102: 3099:(in German). 3098: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3078:(2): 139–179. 3077: 3073: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3005:(in German). 3004: 3000: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2974: 2970: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2866: 2863:(in German). 2862: 2858: 2854: 2852: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2752: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2711: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2473: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2359:Proganochelys 2356: 2351: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2303: 2297:Palaeoecology 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2283:scleral rings 2279: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2240: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2100:cursors, the 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980:quadrupedally 1976: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1942:Palaeobiology 1934: 1933: 1925: 1924: 1916: 1915: 1907: 1906: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1870: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1850: 1849: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1833:Lufengosaurus 1827: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1791: 1784: 1783: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1745:Eucnemesaurus 1739: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1722: 1721: 1714: 1713:Riojasauridae 1711: 1710: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1655: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1574:and possibly 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1366:and the oval 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1350:The skull of 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1285: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265:Knollenmergel 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1147:and eight of 1146: 1142: 1139:and seven of 1138: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1117: 1113: 1112:P. quenstedti 1109: 1105: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 988: 983: 977:Valid species 974: 972: 968: 963: 960: 956: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 897: 892: 889: 885: 881: 880: 876: 875:Ancient Greek 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 840: 836: 831: 822: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805: 801: 797: 792: 790: 786: 782: 777: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 755: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 712: 710: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 655: 651: 647: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 628: 627:Proganochelys 623: 622: 621:Liliensternus 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 597:Saxony-Anhalt 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 573: 571: 567: 563: 562:type specimen 559: 556: 552: 548: 540: 535: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 503: 500: 495: 492: 488: 484: 482: 478: 474: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 425: 420: 416: 415:"prosauropod" 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 393: 389: 386: 382: 378: 374: 373: 359: 356: 351: 348: 347: 345: 342: 338: 331: 326: 325: 318: 313: 312: 305: 300: 299: 292: 291: 289: 284: 277: 276: 268: 265: 261: 256: 251: 250: 243: 240: 239: 236: 230: 227: 226: 223: 217: 214: 211: 210: 207: 204: 201: 198: 197: 194: 191: 188: 185: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 154: 149: 144: 140: 136: 133: 129: 125: 120: 116: 111: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 43: 40:227–204 36: 32: 31:Late Triassic 26: 22: 19: 10212: 10144: 10075: 9998:Plateosaurus 9968:Plateosaurus 9967: 9888: 9862:Titanosaurus 9860: 9852: 9845: 9837: 9832:Loricosaurus 9830: 9825:Iuticosaurus 9823: 9816: 9809: 9802: 9794: 9762:Yamanasaurus 9760: 9753: 9746: 9739: 9732: 9724: 9717: 9709: 9703:Abditosaurus 9701: 9680: 9673: 9665: 9658: 9650: 9642: 9635: 9629:Abditosaurus 9627: 9606: 9599: 9591: 9584: 9561:Tapuiasaurus 9559: 9551: 9544: 9524: 9519:Titanomachya 9517: 9510: 9488:Puertasaurus 9486: 9479: 9474:Notocolossus 9472: 9465: 9459:Jiangxititan 9457: 9450: 9442: 9437:Drusilasaura 9435: 9428: 9421:Lognkosauria 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9355:Aeolosaurini 9344:Rinconsaurus 9342: 9335: 9328: 9321: 9313: 9306: 9295:Rinconsauria 9282: 9276:Tengrisaurus 9274: 9269:Quetecsaurus 9267: 9260: 9252: 9245: 9238: 9231: 9224: 9200: 9193: 9159: 9152: 9147:Lohuecotitan 9145: 9138: 9133:Garrigatitan 9131: 9124: 9119:Ampelosaurus 9117: 9092: 9085: 9078: 9073:Uberabatitan 9071: 9066:Sonidosaurus 9064: 9057: 9050: 9043: 9037:Tengrisaurus 9035: 9027: 9020: 9013: 9008:Rapetosaurus 9006: 8999: 8992: 8984: 8977: 8970: 8963: 8956: 8949: 8944:Malawisaurus 8942: 8934: 8927: 8919: 8912: 8905: 8898: 8890: 8885:Huabeisaurus 8883: 8876: 8869: 8861: 8854: 8846: 8839: 8832: 8827:Choconsaurus 8825: 8820:Brasilotitan 8818: 8811: 8803: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8769:Atacamatitan 8767: 8762:Argyrosaurus 8760: 8753: 8745: 8738: 8730: 8725:Abdarainurus 8723: 8707:Titanosauria 8694:Titanosauria 8663: 8622:Titanosauria 8606:Wintonotitan 8604: 8597: 8590: 8583: 8576: 8552: 8547:Yongjinglong 8545: 8538: 8533:Tambatitanis 8531: 8524: 8517: 8510: 8502: 8497:Huanghetitan 8495: 8490:Huabeisaurus 8488: 8481: 8476:Gannansaurus 8474: 8467: 8460: 8454:Chiayusaurus 8452: 8444: 8424: 8417: 8410: 8403: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8360: 8353: 8348:Jiutaisaurus 8346: 8340:Jiangxititan 8338: 8333:Garumbatitan 8331: 8324: 8317: 8312:Dongbeititan 8310: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8284:Austrosaurus 8282: 8275: 8268: 8261: 8237: 8232:Venenosaurus 8230: 8223: 8218:Sonorasaurus 8216: 8209: 8204:Giraffatitan 8202: 8194: 8189:Cedarosaurus 8187: 8180: 8173: 8166: 8145: 8140:Pelorosaurus 8138: 8131: 8124: 8117: 8110: 8103: 8096: 8066: 8061:Camarasaurus 8059: 8039: 8033:Haestasaurus 8031: 8026:Europasaurus 8024: 8016: 8009: 8001: 7994: 7987: 7902: 7895: 7888: 7880: 7873: 7866: 7859: 7852: 7845:Diplodocinae 7834:Brontosaurus 7832: 7824: 7817: 7811:Amphicoelias 7809: 7793:Diplodocidae 7780: 7773: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7745: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7718:Bajadasaurus 7716: 7709: 7704:Amargasaurus 7702: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7637: 7630: 7611:Rayososaurus 7609: 7602: 7595: 7568:Zapalasaurus 7566: 7561:Xenoposeidon 7559: 7552: 7545: 7537: 7530: 7523: 7515: 7508: 7503:Campananeyen 7501: 7496:Amazonsaurus 7494: 7487: 7452: 7393: 7363: 7356: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7259:Neosauropoda 7246: 7239: 7232: 7224: 7216: 7209: 7202: 7195: 7188: 7180: 7174:Haestasaurus 7172: 7164: 7157: 7137: 7130: 7123: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7066: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7038: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6982:Patagosaurus 6980: 6972: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6932:Volkheimeria 6930: 6923: 6916: 6909: 6904:Perijasaurus 6902: 6897:Nebulasaurus 6895: 6888: 6881: 6876:Dystrophaeus 6874: 6867: 6860: 6853: 6848:Barapasaurus 6846: 6839: 6834:Asiatosaurus 6832: 6825: 6795: 6788: 6767: 6759: 6754:Rhoetosaurus 6752: 6745: 6738: 6730: 6698:Lessemsaurus 6696: 6689: 6682: 6677:Antetonitrus 6675: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6632: 6624: 6617: 6610: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6526: 6462: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6434: 6427: 6420: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6368: 6363:Yizhousaurus 6361: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6324: 6299: 6292: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6251:Ignavusaurus 6249: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6208: 6201: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6160: 6155:Ignavusaurus 6153: 6146: 6139: 6111:Yimenosaurus 6109: 6104:Plateosaurus 6103: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6056:Xixiposaurus 6054: 6047: 6040: 6028:Plateosauria 6010: 6003: 5996: 5989:Unaysauridae 5976: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5934: 5900: 5892: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5862: 5854: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5815:Guaibasaurus 5813: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5678: 5669: 5594:Plateosaurus 5593: 5582:Plateosaurus 5581: 5574:Plateosaurus 5562:Plateosaurus 5503: 5499: 5489: 5480: 5474: 5465: 5461: 5440:. Retrieved 5435: 5426: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5244: 5240: 5218: 5214: 5204: 5179: 5171: 5138: 5135:Paleobiology 5134: 5128: 5103: 5099: 5089: 5070: 5067:Plateosaurus 5066: 5060: 5041: 5037: 5034:Plateosaurus 5033: 5027: 5018: 4990: 4962: 4928: 4908: 4904: 4886: 4882: 4864: 4860: 4857:Plateosaurus 4856: 4853:Plateosaurus 4852: 4846: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4794: 4790: 4766: 4762: 4752: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4690: 4686: 4680: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4621: 4617: 4604: 4595: 4591: 4584: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4498: 4494: 4484: 4449: 4445: 4435: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4382: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4312: 4308: 4255: 4242: 4223: 4217: 4187:(1): 75–89. 4184: 4180: 4174: 4165: 4160:Plateosaurus 4159: 4107: 4103: 4100:Plateosaurus 4099: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4012: 4008: 4003:Plateosaurus 4002: 3968: 3963: 3918: 3910: 3901: 3897: 3894:Plateosaurus 3893: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3856:Plateosaurus 3855: 3849: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3829:Plateosaurus 3828: 3822: 3813: 3809: 3806:Plateosaurus 3805: 3799: 3790: 3786: 3783:Plateosaurus 3782: 3752: 3748: 3712: 3707:Plateosaurus 3706: 3660: 3656: 3610: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3568:the original 3563: 3553: 3534: 3528: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3500: 3496: 3486: 3476:– via 3465: 3449: 3441:the original 3436: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3383: 3376: 3365: 3358: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3326:. Retrieved 3322: 3313: 3278: 3274: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3176: 3172: 3147: 3143: 3130: 3122:The Jurassic 3121: 3116: 3109: 3100: 3096: 3075: 3071: 3006: 3002: 2972: 2969:Plateosaurus 2968: 2924: 2920: 2917:Plateosaurus 2916: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2737: 2728: 2719: 2710: 2701: 2692: 2683: 2674: 2665: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2456: 2447:Plateosaurus 2446: 2436: 2423:Plateosaurus 2422: 2415: 2411:Plateosaurus 2410: 2398:Plateosaurus 2397: 2395: 2386:Plateosaurus 2385: 2381: 2367:Plateosaurus 2366: 2363:Plateosaurus 2362: 2358: 2350:Plateosaurus 2349: 2343: 2334:Plateosaurus 2333: 2326:P. longiceps 2325: 2321: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2287:Plateosaurus 2286: 2280: 2276:Plateosaurus 2275: 2268: 2264:Plateosaurus 2263: 2260:Plateosaurus 2259: 2256:Plateosaurus 2255: 2247:Plateosaurus 2246: 2245: 2209:Plateosaurus 2208: 2206: 2201:Plateosaurus 2200: 2189: 2171: 2168:Plateosaurus 2167: 2156:Plateosaurus 2155: 2153: 2145:Plateosaurus 2144: 2134: 2118:Plateosaurus 2117: 2114:Plateosaurus 2113: 2104:of the limb 2086:Plateosaurus 2085: 2084: 2080:Plateosaurus 2079: 2070:Plateosaurus 2069: 2054:Plateosaurus 2053: 2046:Plateosaurus 2045: 2043: 2033: 2019:Plateosaurus 2018: 2015:Plateosaurus 2014: 2012: 2008:Plateosaurus 2007: 2004:Plateosaurus 2003: 1968:Plateosaurus 1967: 1965: 1959: 1890: 1874: 1873: 1831: 1830: 1813: 1812: 1788: 1787: 1743: 1742: 1726: 1725: 1679:Plateosaurus 1678: 1677: 1676: 1660: 1659: 1635:Plateosauria 1617: 1612: 1608: 1596: 1586:Plateosaurus 1585: 1581: 1580:. Of these, 1575: 1571: 1568:Plateosaurus 1567: 1560:anchisaurids 1552:monophyletic 1544:Prosauropoda 1531:Hylaeosaurus 1529: 1525:Megalosaurus 1523: 1517: 1514:Plateosaurus 1513: 1490:Plateosaurus 1489: 1482: 1479:monophyletic 1475:prosauropods 1467:Plateosaurus 1466: 1465: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444:Plateosaurus 1443: 1440:type species 1437: 1429:Plateosaurus 1428: 1413:Plateosaurus 1412: 1408: 1405: 1400:Plateosaurus 1399: 1384:Plateosaurus 1383: 1352:Plateosaurus 1351: 1349: 1343:skull cast, 1340: 1331:Plateosaurus 1330: 1327:Plateosaurus 1326: 1307:Plateosaurus 1306: 1295:Plateosaurus 1294: 1293: 1288: 1273:Plateosaurus 1272: 1269:Plateosaurus 1268: 1261:Plateosaurus 1260: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237:Plateosaurus 1236: 1234: 1230:Plateosaurus 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196:, including 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1153:Plateosaurus 1152: 1149:Plateosaurus 1148: 1144: 1141:Plateosaurus 1140: 1136: 1132:P. longiceps 1131: 1127: 1124:Plateosaurus 1123: 1121: 1116:P. longiceps 1115: 1111: 1107: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1079:Plateosaurus 1078: 1073: 1070:paraphyletic 1065: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1045:Plateosaurus 1044: 1040: 1032: 1028: 1025:Plateosaurus 1024: 1020: 1016: 1009:Plateosaurus 1008: 1004: 1000: 997: 994:Plateosaurus 993: 991: 986: 971:Plateosaurus 970: 966: 964: 959:Plateosaurus 958: 955:Plateosaurus 954: 952: 948:Megalosaurus 947: 943: 936:Plateosaurus 935: 933: 929:Plateosaurus 928: 924: 921:Plateosaurus 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 894: 890: 883: 877: 870: 866: 863:Plateosaurus 862: 851:Plateosaurus 850: 849:of the name 844: 810: 808: 799: 795: 793: 780: 778: 761: 759: 752: 745:Plateosaurus 744: 741:Plateosaurus 740: 716:oil platform 713: 708: 701:Plateosaurus 700: 698: 681: 674:Plateosaurus 673: 666:Black Forest 662:Plateosaurus 661: 659: 654:Plateosaurus 653: 649: 631: 625: 619: 613:Plateosaurus 612: 577:Plateosaurus 576: 574: 570:Plateosaurus 569: 566:Plateosaurus 565: 544: 539:Plateosaurus 538: 523:Plateosaurus 522: 507:Plateosaurus 506: 504: 499:Plateosaurus 498: 487:Plateosaurus 486: 485: 476: 468:Richard Owen 464:Plateosaurus 463: 457: 444: 441:P. longiceps 440: 436: 428: 423: 422: 419:type species 403:Plateosaurus 402: 385:plateosaurid 372:Plateosaurus 371: 370: 369: 357: 350:Dimodosaurus 349: 330:nomen dubium 329: 323: 322: 311:P. longiceps 310: 309: 297: 296: 274: 273: 264:Type species 249:Plateosaurus 248: 247: 212: 199: 186: 123: 25:Plateosaurus 24: 18: 10100:Wikispecies 9992:Wikispecies 9847:Microcoelus 9755:Saltasaurus 9741:Paralititan 9637:Alamosaurus 9526:Udelartitan 9481:Patagotitan 9378:Bravasaurus 9371:Arrudatitan 9364:Aeolosaurus 9330:Overosaurus 9262:Jainosaurus 9240:Bonitasaura 9161:Paludititan 9052:Traukutitan 8747:Angolatitan 8554:Yunmenglong 8519:Qiaowanlong 8412:Sibirotitan 8377:Oceanotitan 8319:Europatitan 8298:Brontomerus 8291:Brohisaurus 8263:Angolatitan 8196:Galvesaurus 8168:Abydosaurus 8133:Ornithopsis 8126:Fusuisaurus 8112:Eucamerotus 8011:Daanosaurus 7996:Aragosaurus 7897:Supersaurus 7819:Apatosaurus 7782:Tharosaurus 7653:Nigersaurus 7604:Limaysaurus 7365:Ultrasaurus 7241:Turiasaurus 7204:Moabosaurus 7197:Mierasaurus 7166:Bellusaurus 7150:Turiasauria 7090:Qijianglong 7054:Hudiesaurus 7032:Datousaurus 6952:Cetiosaurus 6911:Shunosaurus 6855:Bellusaurus 6827:Algoasaurus 6813:Eusauropoda 6761:Sanpasaurus 6714:Gravisauria 6634:Pulanesaura 6619:Isanosaurus 6591:Amygdalodon 6457:Pulanesaura 6415:Irisosaurus 6401:Anchisaurus 6381:Anchisauria 6355:Xingxiulong 6301:Xingxiulong 6294:Sarahsaurus 6210:Riojasaurus 6176:Sarahsaurus 6162:Kholumolumo 6005:Macrocollum 5943:Asylosaurus 5879:Nhandumirim 5856:Buriolestes 5822:Mbiresaurus 5794:Buriolestes 4867:(1): 16–30. 4391:Anchisaurus 3179:: 117–123. 3009:: 155–215. 2274:series for 2272:ontogenetic 2227:rate (i.e. 2160:gastroliths 2102:moment arms 2000:lagerstätte 1984:plantigrade 1972:digitigrade 1892:Anchisauria 1728:Riojasaurus 1582:Sellosaurus 1572:Sellosaurus 1433:endothermic 1319:digitigrade 1279:Description 1137:Pachysaurus 1066:P. gracilis 1059:Sellosaurus 1021:Sellosaurus 1005:Sellosaurus 987:P. gracilis 905:Platysaurus 839:Otto Jaekel 800:P. gracilis 785:postcranium 726:within the 688:or Swabian 636:Otto Jaekel 599:, Germany; 593:Halberstadt 547:Heroldsberg 445:P. gracilis 358:Sellosaurus 298:P. gracilis 280:Fraas, 1913 10219:Categories 9748:Rocasaurus 9675:Qunkasaura 9644:Baurutitan 9406:Shingopana 9233:Baalsaurus 9080:Volgatitan 9015:Rukwatitan 8979:Nullotitan 8965:Ninjatitan 8900:Kaijutitan 8871:Gandititan 8834:Daxiatitan 8797:Baurutitan 8740:Andesaurus 8631:see below↓ 8326:Fukuititan 8270:Arkharavia 8225:Soriatitan 8175:Atlasaurus 8147:Rugocaudia 8105:Duriatitan 8041:Yuzhoulong 7989:Abrosaurus 7971:Macronaria 7958:Macronaria 7882:Kaatedocus 7875:Galeamopus 7868:Diplodocus 7854:Barosaurus 7761:Pilmatueia 7754:Lingwulong 7747:Kaatedocus 7667:Tataouinea 7579:Khebbashia 7554:Sidersaura 7284:Macronaria 7234:Tendaguria 7218:Oplosaurus 7182:Janenschia 7083:Omeisaurus 6959:Chebsaurus 6883:Janenschia 6797:Vulcanodon 6740:Kotasaurus 6691:Ledumahadi 6484:see below↓ 6443:Meroktenos 6259:Leyesaurus 6148:Gyposaurus 6012:Unaysaurus 5971:Pantydraco 5936:Arcusaurus 5902:Saturnalia 5735:see below↓ 5683:Dinosauria 5665:Sauropsida 5481:Uni Zürich 5468:: 129–160. 5442:5 February 5221:(1): 1–16. 4889:: 801–812. 4647:: 345–349. 4501:: 278–285. 4168:. 13.2.8A. 3843:: 167–183. 3816:: 119–159. 3793:: 139–171. 3503:: 278–285. 3478:Wikisource 3328:2020-11-30 3150:: 245–282. 3103:: 103–116. 2748:References 2291:cathemeral 2252:endothermy 2229:ectothermy 2223:and a low 2125:retraction 2094:metatarsus 2023:Wellnhofer 1986:feet, and 1975:bipedality 1662:Unaysaurus 1624:cladograms 1577:Unaysaurus 1548:cladistics 1506:Pachypodes 1498:type genus 1473:known as " 1471:herbivores 1372:premaxilla 1325:show that 1323:metatarsus 919:, so that 705:taphonomic 601:Trossingen 511:geological 206:Saurischia 193:Dinosauria 137:, Germany 10160:Q23901966 10091:Q96978713 9711:Bonatitan 9593:Isisaurus 9399:Punatitan 8878:Hamititan 8856:Elaltitan 8805:Bonatitan 8526:Silutitan 8483:Gobititan 8469:Euhelopus 8211:Lusotitan 7904:Tornieria 7890:Leinkupal 7775:Suuwassea 7489:Agustinia 7337:Dinodocus 7330:Cardiodon 7061:Jingiella 7010:Anhuilong 6573:Sauropoda 6560:Sauropoda 6475:Sauropoda 6450:Mussaurus 6408:Camelotia 6287:Pradhania 6127:Massopoda 5894:Panphagia 5836:Panphagia 5651:Kingdom: 5599:Sketchfab 5587:Sketchfab 5522:1932-6203 5418:140631837 5410:1867-1608 5120:0021-8782 4769:(1): 2–4. 4427:140535438 4132:129780483 4062:0272-4634 3677:0007-5167 3635:241466052 3627:0007-5167 3023:128404687 2821:: 1–186. 2451:theropods 2355:theropods 2346:taphonomy 2340:Taphonomy 2225:metabolic 2188:Mount of 2110:calcaneum 2106:extending 2098:mammalian 2090:cursorial 2058:pronating 1996:zoologist 1702:Massopoda 1620:phylogeny 1540:Theropoda 1519:Iguanodon 1425:histology 1315:clavicles 1226:G. ingens 944:Iguanodon 847:etymology 825:Etymology 774:lectotype 757:in 2021. 732:sandstone 724:North Sea 684:(Swabian 551:Nuremberg 519:taphonomy 494:herbivore 479:(Swabian 255:von Meyer 166:Kingdom: 160:Eukaryota 10154:Wikidata 10085:Wikidata 9977:Wikidata 9719:Ibirania 9385:Caieiria 9195:Inawentu 8398:Ruixinia 8239:Vouivria 8098:Astrodon 7351:Neosodon 6841:Bagualia 6684:Ingentia 6394:Aardonyx 6341:Qianlong 6169:Musankwa 6141:Gryponyx 6049:Ruehleia 5964:Nambalia 5957:Efraasia 5864:Eoraptor 5801:Eoraptor 5659:Chordata 5657:Phylum: 5653:Animalia 5540:39083447 5531:11290664 5500:PLOS ONE 5363:33253407 5355:21493820 5271:17254987 5163:87909015 4819:33390136 4726:: 1–419. 4666:: 1–24. 4618:Postilla 4598:: 1–183. 4476:20926438 4345:19132660 4337:16357257 4278:Archived 4274:54750930 4209:23630252 4201:11226016 4078:85679726 3755:: 1–361. 3729:55272856 3685:82310885 3413:61816316 3305:86801904 3206:: 1–25. 3181:Archived 3117:Der Jura 3027:Archived 2859:)]. 2827:54854853 2459:chevrons 2197:Tübingen 1992:kangaroo 1595:Mounted 1554:groups ( 1158:syntypes 1054:Efraasia 686:lindworm 617:theropod 609:clay pit 481:lindworm 453:synonyms 449:taxonomy 409:(early) 392:Triassic 388:dinosaur 341:Synonyms 228:Family: 180:Chordata 176:Phylum: 170:Animalia 156:Domain: 135:Tübingen 10187:4946925 10174:4967200 10120:4967203 10038:1409143 10025:3239102 10012:4531216 9983:Q131046 8755:Arackar 7159:Amanzia 7003:Analong 6890:Jobaria 6348:Seitaad 5663:Class: 5390:Bibcode 5335:Bibcode 5327:Science 5298:Bibcode 5262:2197205 5143:Bibcode 4859:]. 4799:Bibcode 4660:Zootaxa 4467:3049036 4405:Bibcode 4317:Bibcode 4309:Science 4112:Bibcode 4070:4524460 3283:Bibcode 2929:Bibcode 2164:gizzard 2149:carrion 2141:iguanas 1836: 1818: 1793: 1777: 1715: 1704: 1649: 1637: 1510:synonym 1496:as the 1380:dentary 1376:maxilla 946:and to 867:plateos 859:πλᾰτῠ́ς 718:of the 585:Pegnitz 491:bipedal 241:Genus: 10051:269287 9284:Vahiny 9045:Tiamat 8462:Erketu 6280:Ngwevu 5538: 5528: 5520: 5416: 5408: 5361: 5353: 5269: 5259: 5192: 5161: 5118: 5077: 5048: 4997: 4969: 4941: 4937:–258. 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The 395:period 377:lizard 257:, 1837 35:Norian 10200:64684 10133:54996 10064:38644 10033:IRMNG 5679:Clade 5670:Clade 5414:S2CID 5359:S2CID 5188:–78. 5159:S2CID 4907:[ 4815:S2CID 4614:(PDF) 4423:S2CID 4341:S2CID 4281:(PDF) 4270:S2CID 4252:(PDF) 4205:S2CID 4128:S2CID 4074:S2CID 4066:JSTOR 3967:[ 3725:S2CID 3681:S2CID 3631:S2CID 3587:[ 3518:[ 3403:[ 3348:[ 3301:S2CID 3184:(PDF) 3169:(PDF) 3140:(PDF) 3120:[ 3030:(PDF) 3019:S2CID 2809:[ 2469:Notes 2390:Frick 2137:crown 1417:avian 1368:naris 1360:orbit 888:Latin 884:platê 879:πλατη 589:Frick 549:near 407:basal 405:is a 381:genus 213:Clade 200:Clade 187:Clade 10169:GBIF 10115:GBIF 10020:GBIF 9586:Igai 6090:Issi 5712:see 5536:PMID 5518:ISSN 5444:2023 5406:ISSN 5351:PMID 5267:PMID 5190:ISBN 5116:ISSN 5075:ISBN 5046:ISBN 5036:and 4995:ISBN 4967:ISBN 4939:ISBN 4695:ISBN 4499:1845 4472:PMID 4368:ISBN 4333:PMID 4228:ISBN 4197:PMID 4058:ISSN 3929:ISBN 3673:ISSN 3623:ISSN 3539:ISBN 3501:1845 3409:OCLC 2865:1837 2823:OCLC 2344:The 2324:and 2122:limb 2066:ulna 2064:and 1528:and 1438:The 1431:was 1220:and 1176:and 1114:and 1096:and 1088:and 1031:and 891:pala 845:The 754:Issi 699:The 583:and 513:and 443:and 433:ICZN 48:PreꞒ 10007:EoL 7248:Zby 5597:at 5585:at 5526:PMC 5508:doi 5398:doi 5343:doi 5331:332 5306:doi 5257:PMC 5249:doi 5245:274 5151:doi 5108:doi 5104:242 4935:232 4807:doi 4668:doi 4664:690 4622:169 4553:doi 4526:doi 4462:PMC 4454:doi 4450:278 4413:doi 4325:doi 4313:310 4260:doi 4189:doi 4120:doi 4102:". 4050:doi 4040:". 4017:doi 3925:524 3872:doi 3868:216 3717:doi 3665:doi 3615:doi 3470:doi 3464:". 3291:doi 3208:doi 3011:doi 2971:". 2937:doi 2235:). 2048:by 1446:is 1442:of 1160:of 1130:or 1047:as 1043:in 837:by 603:in 595:in 483:). 421:is 383:of 37:), 10221:: 10197:: 10184:: 10171:: 10156:: 10130:: 10117:: 10102:: 10087:: 10061:: 10048:: 10035:: 10022:: 10009:: 9994:: 9979:: 5681:: 5672:: 5534:. 5524:. 5516:. 5504:19 5502:. 5498:. 5466:89 5452:^ 5434:. 5412:. 5404:. 5396:. 5386:94 5384:. 5380:. 5357:. 5349:. 5341:. 5329:. 5304:. 5292:. 5288:. 5265:. 5255:. 5243:. 5239:. 5227:^ 5219:52 5217:. 5213:. 5186:42 5157:. 5149:. 5139:16 5137:. 5114:. 5102:. 5098:. 5009:^ 4981:^ 4953:^ 4917:^ 4895:^ 4887:39 4885:. 4873:^ 4865:18 4838:68 4813:. 4805:. 4775:^ 4767:64 4761:. 4744:62 4662:. 4645:57 4620:. 4616:. 4596:22 4549:17 4547:. 4522:50 4520:. 4516:. 4470:. 4460:. 4448:. 4444:. 4421:. 4411:. 4401:53 4399:. 4395:. 4339:. 4331:. 4323:. 4311:. 4289:^ 4276:. 4268:. 4254:. 4203:. 4195:. 4185:74 4183:. 4164:. 4140:^ 4126:. 4118:. 4108:70 4106:. 4086:^ 4072:. 4064:. 4056:. 4046:25 4044:. 4013:55 4011:. 4007:. 3977:^ 3943:^ 3927:. 3902:20 3900:. 3884:^ 3866:. 3841:20 3839:. 3831:(= 3814:19 3812:. 3791:18 3789:. 3761:^ 3737:^ 3723:. 3711:. 3693:^ 3679:. 3671:. 3661:69 3659:. 3655:. 3643:^ 3629:. 3621:. 3611:76 3609:. 3605:. 3562:. 3435:. 3421:^ 3321:. 3299:. 3289:. 3279:46 3277:. 3273:. 3243:^ 3235:29 3204:32 3202:. 3177:86 3175:. 3171:. 3156:^ 3146:. 3142:. 3084:^ 3076:15 3038:^ 3025:. 3017:. 2981:^ 2949:^ 2935:. 2925:93 2923:. 2873:^ 2853:)" 2835:^ 2819:24 2755:^ 2266:. 2254:. 2176:. 2082:. 2010:. 1588:. 1522:, 1516:, 1488:. 1435:. 1224:. 1216:, 1212:, 1208:, 1204:, 1200:, 1081:. 821:. 806:. 462:, 439:, 215:: 202:: 189:: 98:Pg 42:Ma 9857:? 9842:? 9799:? 9729:? 9714:? 9706:? 9685:? 9670:? 9655:? 9647:? 9632:? 9611:? 9596:? 9564:? 9556:? 9462:? 9447:? 9318:? 9279:? 9257:? 9097:? 9040:? 9032:? 8989:? 8939:? 8924:? 8895:? 8866:? 8851:? 8808:? 8800:? 8750:? 8735:? 8609:? 8507:? 8457:? 8449:? 8365:? 8343:? 8199:? 8150:? 8036:? 8021:? 8006:? 7885:? 7829:? 7814:? 7742:? 7614:? 7542:? 7520:? 7229:? 7221:? 7185:? 7177:? 7169:? 7071:? 7035:? 7020:? 6985:? 6977:? 6969:? 6772:? 6764:? 6735:? 6659:? 6637:? 6629:? 6358:? 6329:? 6304:? 6254:? 5897:? 5889:? 5867:? 5859:? 5627:e 5620:t 5613:v 5542:. 5510:: 5446:. 5420:. 5400:: 5392:: 5365:. 5345:: 5337:: 5314:. 5308:: 5300:: 5294:2 5273:. 5251:: 5198:. 5165:. 5153:: 5145:: 5122:. 5110:: 5083:. 5054:. 5003:. 4975:. 4947:. 4821:. 4809:: 4801:: 4795:1 4724:1 4703:. 4674:. 4670:: 4624:. 4559:. 4555:: 4532:. 4528:: 4478:. 4456:: 4429:. 4415:: 4407:: 4376:. 4347:. 4327:: 4319:: 4262:: 4236:. 4211:. 4191:: 4134:. 4122:: 4114:: 4080:. 4052:: 4025:. 4019:: 3937:. 3878:. 3874:: 3753:4 3731:. 3719:: 3687:. 3667:: 3637:. 3617:: 3547:. 3480:. 3472:: 3415:. 3331:. 3307:. 3293:: 3285:: 3214:. 3210:: 3148:4 3101:1 3013:: 3007:1 2943:. 2939:: 2931:: 2829:. 2803:" 2392:. 2162:( 1172:( 911:( 899:( 882:( 332:) 320:† 307:† 294:† 271:† 245:† 232:† 219:† 103:N 93:K 88:J 83:T 78:P 73:C 68:D 63:S 58:O 53:Ꞓ 33:(

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