Plasma display - Knowledge

512:), some of the electrons strike mercury particles as the electrons move through the plasma, momentarily increasing the energy level of the atom until the excess energy is shed. Mercury sheds the energy as ultraviolet (UV) photons. The UV photons then strike phosphor that is painted on the inside of the cell. When the UV photon strikes a phosphor molecule, it momentarily raises the energy level of an outer orbit electron in the phosphor molecule, moving the electron from a stable to an unstable state; the electron then sheds the excess energy as a photon at a lower energy level than UV light; the lower energy photons are mostly in the infrared range but about 40% are in the visible light range. Thus the input energy is converted to mostly infrared but also as visible light. The screen heats up to between 30 and 41 °C (86 and 106 °F) during operation. Depending on the phosphors used, different colors of visible light can be achieved. Each pixel in a plasma display is made up of three cells comprising the primary colors of visible light. Varying the voltage of the signals to the cells thus allows different perceived colors. 707:. Although there are no industry-wide guidelines for reporting contrast ratio, most manufacturers follow either the ANSI standard or perform a full-on-full-off test. The ANSI standard uses a checkered test pattern whereby the darkest blacks and the lightest whites are simultaneously measured, yielding the most accurate "real-world" ratings. In contrast, a full-on-full-off test measures the ratio using a pure black screen and a pure white screen, which gives higher values but does not represent a typical viewing scenario. Some displays, using many different technologies, have some "leakage" of light, through either optical or electronic means, from lit pixels to adjacent pixels so that dark pixels that are near bright ones appear less dark than they do during a full-off display. Manufacturers can further artificially improve the reported contrast ratio by increasing the contrast and brightness settings to achieve the highest test values. However, a contrast ratio generated by this method is misleading, as content would be essentially unwatchable at such settings. 618:

drawing significantly more power than darker ones – this is also true for CRTs as well as modern LCDs where LED backlight brightness is adjusted dynamically. The plasma that illuminates the screen can reach a temperature of at least 1,200 °C (2,190 °F). Typical power consumption is 400 watts for a 127 cm (50 in) screen. Most screens are set to "vivid" mode by default in the factory (which maximizes the brightness and raises the contrast so the image on the screen looks good under the extremely bright lights that are common in big box stores), which draws at least twice the power (around 500–700 watts) of a "home" setting of less extreme brightness. The lifetime of the latest generation of plasma displays is estimated at 100,000 hours (11 years) of actual display time, or 27 years at 10 hours per day. This is the estimated time over which maximum picture brightness degrades to half the original value.

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achieve a true black, whereas an LED backlit LCD panel can actually turn off parts of the backlight, in "spots" or "patches" (this technique, however, does not prevent the large accumulated passive light of adjacent lamps, and the reflection media, from returning values from within the panel). Some manufacturers have reduced the precharge and the associated background glow, to the point where black levels on modern plasmas are starting to become close to some high-end CRTs Sony and Mitsubishi produced ten years before the comparable plasma displays. With an LCD, black pixels are generated by a light polarization method; many panels are unable to completely block the underlying backlight. More recent LCD panels using

543: 403: 78: 742: 289: 493: 176: 482: 36: 558:). Once a glow discharge has been initiated in a cell, it can be maintained by applying a low-level voltage between all the horizontal and vertical electrodes–even after the ionizing voltage is removed. To erase a cell all voltage is removed from a pair of electrodes. This type of panel has inherent memory. A small amount of nitrogen is added to the neon to increase 426:

increased, although plasma televisions maintained a slight edge in picture quality and a price advantage for sets at the critical 42" size and larger. By late 2006, several vendors were offering 42" LCDs, albeit at a premium price, encroaching upon plasma's only stronghold. More decisively, LCDs offered higher resolutions and true

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conventional float glass, but it is more heat resistant, deforming at higher temperatures. High strain point glass is normally necessary because plasma displays have to be baked during manufacture to dry the rare-earth phosphors after they are applied to the display. However, high strain point glass may be less scratch resistant.

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combinations of red, green and blue. In this way, the control system can produce most of the visible colors. Plasma displays use the same phosphors as CRTs, which accounts for the extremely accurate color reproduction when viewing television or computer video images (which use an RGB color system designed for CRT displays).

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have been developed to reduce this distinction. The display panel itself is about 6 cm (2.4 in) thick, generally allowing the device's total thickness (including electronics) to be less than 10 cm (3.9 in). Power consumption varies greatly with picture content, with bright scenes

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CRT or color LCD. Plasma panels use pulse-width modulation (PWM) to control brightness: by varying the pulses of current flowing through the different cells thousands of times per second, the control system can increase or decrease the intensity of each subpixel color to create billions of different

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are stripes of electrically conducting material that also lies between the glass plates in front of and behind the cells. The "address electrodes" sit behind the cells, along the rear glass plate, and can be opaque. The transparent display electrodes are mounted in front of the cell, along the front

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Of course, the growth of LCD comes at the expense of plasma and CRT TV shipments, which are forecast to fall 48 percent and 50 percent, respectively, in 2014. In fact, both technologies will all but disappear by the end of 2015, as manufacturers cut production of both technologies in order to focus

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Image burn-in occurs on CRTs and plasma panels when the same picture is displayed for long periods. This causes the phosphors to overheat, losing some of their luminosity and producing a "shadow" image that is visible with the power off. Burn-in is especially a problem on plasma panels because they

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Each cell on a plasma display must be precharged before it is lit, otherwise the cell would not respond quickly enough. Precharging normally increases power consumption, so energy recovery mechanisms may be in place to avoid an increase in power consumption. This precharging means the cells cannot

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is the difference between the brightest and darkest parts of an image, measured in discrete steps, at any given moment. Generally, the higher the contrast ratio, the more realistic the image is (though the "realism" of an image depends on many factors including color accuracy, luminance linearity,

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Plasma manufacturers have tried various ways of reducing burn-in such as using gray pillarboxes, pixel orbiters and image washing routines. Recent models have a pixel orbiter that moves the entire picture slower than is noticeable to the human eye, which reduces the effect of burn-in but does not

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In 2010, the shipments of plasma TVs reached 18.2 million units globally. Since that time, shipments of plasma TVs have declined substantially. This decline has been attributed to the competition from liquid crystal (LCD) televisions, whose prices have fallen more rapidly than those of the plasma

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illumination can automatically reduce the backlighting on darker scenes, though this method cannot be used in high-contrast scenes, leaving some light showing from black parts of an image with bright parts, such as (at the extreme) a solid black screen with one fine intense bright line. This is

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Plasma displays have wider viewing angles than those of LCD; images do not suffer from degradation at less than straight ahead angles like LCDs. LCDs using IPS technology have the widest angles, but they do not equal the range of plasma primarily due to "IPS glow", a generally whitish haze that

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In late 2006, analysts noted that LCDs had overtaken plasmas, particularly in the 40-inch (100 cm) and above segment where plasma had previously gained market share. Another industry trend was the consolidation of plasma display manufacturers, with around 50 brands available but only five

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as they had many benefits over LCDs. Beyond plasma's deeper blacks, increased contrast, faster response time, greater color spectrum, and wider viewing angle; they were also much bigger than LCDs, and it was believed that LCDs were suited only to smaller sized televisions. Plasma had overtaken

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When the sales figures for the 2007 Christmas season were finally tallied, analysts were surprised to find that not only had LCD outsold plasma, but CRTs as well, during the same period. This development drove competing large-screen systems from the market almost overnight. The February 2009

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However, improvements in LCD fabrication narrowed the technological gap. The increased size, lower weight, falling prices, and often lower electrical power consumption of LCDs made them competitive with plasma television sets. In 2006, LCD prices started to fall rapidly and their screen sizes

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In the year 2000, the first 60-inch plasma display was developed by Plasmaco. Panasonic was also reported to have developed a process to make plasma displays using ordinary window glass instead of the much more expensive "high strain point" glass. High strain point glass is made similarly to

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is made up of three separate subpixel cells, each with different colored phosphors. One subpixel has a red light phosphor, one subpixel has a green light phosphor and one subpixel has a blue light phosphor. These colors blend together to create the overall color of the pixel, the same as a

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https://books.google.com.pa/books?id=Mdy2w-EWqEAC&pg=PA119&dq=plasma+display+neon&hl=es-419&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiYv_btrdOIAxVSgIQIHWuxFUEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=plasma%20display%20neon&f=false

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Plasma displays do not work as well at high altitudes above 6,500 feet (2,000 meters) due to pressure differential between the gases inside the screen and the air pressure at altitude. It may cause a buzzing noise. Manufacturers rate their screens to indicate the altitude parameters.

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The following ED resolutions were common prior to the introduction of HD displays, but have long been phased out in favor of HD displays, as well as because the overall pixel count in ED displays is lower than the pixel count on SD PAL displays (852×480 vs 720×576, respectively).

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Plasma screens are made out of glass, which may result in glare on the screen from nearby light sources. Plasma display panels cannot be economically manufactured in screen sizes smaller than 82 centimetres (32 in). Although a few companies have been able to make plasma

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structure occurs and a ghost image can be seen. However, unlike burn-in, this charge build-up is transient and self-corrects after the image condition that caused the effect has been removed and a long enough period has passed (with the display either off or on).

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displays with a high digit-count. These displays were eventually replaced by LEDs because of their low current-draw and module-flexibility, but are still found in some applications where their high brightness is desired, such as pinball machines and avionics.

227:, a maker of adding machines and computers, developed the Panaplex display in the early 1970s. The Panaplex display, generically referred to as a gas-discharge or gas-plasma display, uses the same technology as later plasma video displays, but began life as a 2079:

All plasma TVs on the market today have the same features that were demonstrated in the first plasma display which was a device with only a single cell. These features include alternating sustain voltage, dielectric layer, wall charge, and a neon-based gas

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Plasma displays have superior uniformity to LCD panel backlights, which nearly always produce uneven brightness levels, although this is not always noticeable. High-end computer monitors have technologies to try to compensate for the uniformity problem.

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Earlier generation displays (circa 2006 and prior) had phosphors that lost luminosity over time, resulting in gradual decline of absolute image brightness. Newer models have advertised lifespans exceeding 100,000 hours (11 years), far longer than older

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https://books.google.com.pa/books?id=TCdKAQAAIAAJ&q=plasma+display+xenon&dq=plasma+display+xenon&hl=es-419&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiH3aWKrtOIAxULm7AFHQK6LRIQ6AF6BAgMEAM

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TVs. In late 2013, Panasonic announced that they would stop producing plasma TVs from March 2014 onwards. In 2014, LG and Samsung discontinued plasma TV production as well, effectively killing the technology, probably because of lowering demand.

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Due to heavy competition from monochrome LCDs used in laptops and the high costs of plasma display technology, in 1987 IBM planned to shut down its factory in Kingston, New York, the largest plasma plant in the world, in favor of manufacturing

123:. Manufacturing of plasma displays for the United States retail market ended in 2014, and manufacturing for the Chinese market ended in 2016. Plasma displays are obsolete, having been superseded in most if not all aspects by OLED displays. 703:

and spatial linearity). Contrast ratios for plasma displays are often advertised as high as 5,000,000:1. On the surface, this is a significant advantage of plasma over most other current display technologies, a notable exception being

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introduced at CES and CeBIT the first large commercially available flat-panel TV, using the Fujitsu panels. Philips had plans to sell it for 70,000 french francs. It was released as the Philips 42PW9962. It was available at four

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Plasma displays use more electrical power, on average, than an LCD TV using a LED backlight. Older CCFL backlights for LCD panels used quite a bit more power, and older plasma TVs used quite a bit more power than recent models.

642:'s B860 series are as slim as 2.5 cm (1 in) thick making them comparable to LCDs in this respect. Plasma displays are generally heavier than LCD and may require more careful handling, such as being kept upright. 327:(1990). Plasma displays had a better contrast ratio, viewability angle, and less motion blur than the LCDs that were available at the time, and were used until the introduction of active-matrix color LCD displays in 1992. 716:

called a "halo" effect which has been minimized on newer LED-backlit LCDs with local dimming. Edgelit models cannot compete with this as the light is reflected via a light guide to distribute the light behind the panel.

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were very popular in the early 1970s because they were rugged and needed neither memory nor circuitry to refresh the images. A long period of sales decline occurred in the late 1970s because semiconductor memory made

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glass plate. As can be seen in the illustration, the electrodes are covered by an insulating protective layer. A magnesium oxide layer may be present to protect the dielectric layer and to emit secondary electrons.

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manufacturers. In the first quarter of 2008, a comparison of worldwide TV sales broke down to 22.1 million for direct-view CRT, 21.1 million for LCD, 2.8 million for plasma, and 0.1 million for rear projection.

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Duisit, G., Gaume, O., & El Khiati, N. (2003). 23.4: High Strain Point Glass with Improved Chemical Stability and Mechanical Properties for FPDs. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 34(1), 905.

562:. Plasma panels may be built without nitrogen gas, using xenon, neon, argon, and helium instead with mercury being used in some early displays. In color panels, the back of each cell is coated with a 1017: 1820: 504:

and a minuscule amount of another gas (e.g., mercury vapor). Just as in the fluorescent lamps over an office desk, when a high voltage is applied across the cell, the gas in the cells forms a

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Relative spectral power of red, green and blue phosphors of a common plasma display. The units of spectral power are simply raw sensor values (with a linear response at specific wavelengths).

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PLATO plasma displays. Nevertheless, the plasma displays' relatively large screen size and 1 inch thickness made them suitable for high-profile placement in lobbies and stock exchanges.

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found on plasma screen sizes from 42 inch to 103 inch. These displays are usually progressive displays, with non-square pixels, and will up-scale and de-interlace their incoming

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of atoms, free electrons, and ions. The collisions of the flowing electrons in the plasma with the inert gas atoms leads to light emission; such light-emitting plasmas are known as

205:. The goal was to create a display that had inherent memory to reduce the cost of the terminals. The original neon orange monochrome Digivue display panels built by glass producer 2355: 1871: 3093: 351:

and IBM plant manager James Kehoe, and bought the plant from IBM for US$ 50,000. Weber stayed in Urbana as CTO until 1990, then moved to upstate New York to work at Plasmaco.

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A panel of a plasma display typically comprises millions of tiny compartments in between two panels of glass. These compartments, or "bulbs" or "cells", hold a mixture of

1912: 988: 461:, was a 150-inch (380 cm) unit manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial (Panasonic) standing 6 ft (180 cm) tall by 11 ft (340 cm) wide. 1801: 378:

began a joint development project with Plasmaco, which led in 1996 to the purchase of Plasmaco, its color AC technology, and its American factory for US$ 26 million.

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To produce light, the cells need to be driven at a relatively high voltage (~300 volts) and the pressure of the gases inside the cell needs to be low (~500 torr).

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photons emitted by the plasma excite these phosphors, which give off visible light with colors determined by the phosphor materials. This aspect is comparable to

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run hotter than CRTs. Early plasma televisions were plagued by burn-in, making it impossible to use video games or anything else that displayed static images.

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At the 2010 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Panasonic introduced their 152" 2160p 3D plasma. In 2010, Panasonic shipped 19.1 million plasma TV panels.

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damage. In this mode, when a group of pixels are run at high brightness (when displaying white, for example) for an extended period, a charge build-up in the

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such as the ones shown here are confined to millions of tiny individual compartments across the face of a plasma display, to collectively form a visual image.

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signals to match their native display resolutions. 1024×768 resolution requires that 720p content be downscaled in one direction and upscaled in the other.

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In 1995, Fujitsu introduced the first 42-inch (107 cm) plasma display panel; it had 852×480 resolution and was progressively scanned. Two years later,

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Until about 2007, plasma displays were commonly used in large televisions. By 2013, they had lost nearly all market share due to competition from low-cost

3112: 2448: 634:, the 32 inch screen size was rapidly disappearing by mid-2009. Though considered bulky and thick compared with their LCD counterparts, some sets such as 3813: 2427: 1895: 3341: 3298: 2588: 2020: 3267: 3049: 2742: 1817: 1699: 1397: 4106: 2619: 368: 1615: 687:, contributing to superior performance when displaying content with significant amounts of rapid motion such as auto racing, hockey, baseball, etc. 2339: 1071: 303:

introduced a 19-inch (48 cm) orange-on-black monochrome display (Model 3290 Information Panel) which was able to show up to four simultaneous

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Plasma displays were first used in PLATO computer terminals. This PLATO V model illustrates the display's monochromatic orange glow seen in 1981.

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and Fujitsu also began selling plasma televisions that year, and other manufacturers followed. By the year 2000 prices had dropped to $ 10,000.

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In their heyday, they were less expensive for the buyer per square inch than LCD, particularly when considering equivalent performance.

3495: 1289:, Pantheon Books, New York, 2017; pages 413–417 cover CDC's decision to use CRTs with cheap video-RAM instead of plasma panels in 1975. 1863: 44: 2916: 1920: 766:

prevent it. None to date have eliminated the problem and all plasma manufacturers continue to exclude burn-in from their warranties.

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Weber, L. F., "History of the Plasma Display Panel," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 34, No. 2, (April, 2006), pp.268-278.

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Screen sizes have increased since the introduction of plasma displays. The largest plasma video display in the world at the 2008

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screen. (As plasma panels are locally lit and do not require a back light, blacks are blacker on plasma and grayer on LCDs.)

1776: 4032: 3807: 1798: 1202: 3748: 2095:"Plasma display panel having an MGO crystal layer for improved discharge characteristics and method of manufacturing same" 3881: 2866: 2315: 2123: 1666: 1356: 1527: 1276:, Pantheon Books, New York, 2017; pages 92-111 cover the development and first stages AC plasma panel commercialization. 846: 4080: 947: 631: 3795: 3754: 446:

was ending production of plasma screens was widely considered the tipping point in the technology's history as well.

4117: 3800: 3542: 1481: 1149: 1368: 2743:"Official Panasonic Store - Research and Buy Cameras, Headphones, Appliances, Shavers, Beauty products, and More" 2684: 1451: 1130: 307:

terminal sessions. By the end of the decade, orange monochrome plasma displays were used in a number of high-end

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introduced the world's first 21-inch (53 cm) full-color display. It was based on technology created at the

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difference between front and back. Some of the atoms in the gas of a cell then lose electrons and become

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Plasma displays are capable of producing deeper blacks than LCD allowing for a superior contrast ratio.

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In a monochrome plasma panel, the gas is mostly neon, and the color is the characteristic orange of a

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of the display panel. The most common native resolutions for plasma display panels are 852×480 (

4016: 3766: 3681: 610: 340: 186:, a Hungarian engineer, described a proposed flat-panel plasma display system in a 1936 paper. 155: 3110:

1024 x 1024 Resolution Plasma Display Monitors vs.853 x 480 Resolution Plasma Display Monitors

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Fixed-pixel displays such as plasma TVs scale the video image of each incoming signal to the

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Plasma displays also exhibit another image retention issue which is sometimes confused with

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In 1994, Weber demonstrated a color plasma display at an industry convention in San Jose.

8: 4054: 3958: 3865: 3709: 3636: 2390: 2243: 1913:"LCD TV Growth Improving, As Plasma and CRT TV Disappear, According to NPD DisplaySearch" 1225: 904: 443: 391: 320: 308: 183: 159: 2058: 1478:"20 Jahre Flachbildfernseher - OLED und 4K momentan Spitze der Entwicklung | RTF.1" 4096: 3970: 3892: 3887: 3850: 3505: 3086: 3008: 2814: 2792: 2770: 2661: 2639: 2070: 1977: 1844: 1126: 418: 332: 113: 94: 2544: 2473: 1427: 1327: 343:

ECE PhD (in plasma display research) and staff scientist working at CERL (home of the

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Panasonic plasma TV of the last generation. 55 inch. Middle class ST60 series (2013).

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Naoi, Taro; Lin, Hai; Otani, Eishiro; Ito, Hiroshi; Corp, Panasonic (15 July 2011).

2074: 1902:, 20 February 2011, Jonathan Sutton, hdtvtest.co.uk, retrieved at September 12, 2011 1502: 1184: 4101: 3840: 3642: 3588: 2887: 2094: 2062: 850: 724: 587: 571: 532: 505: 454: 244: 211: 127: 98: 3462: 2968: 2797:

Instrument Engineers' Handbook: Process control and optimization By Béla G. Lipták

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Newnes Guide to Television and Video Technology By K. F. Ibrahim, Eugene Trundle

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and the upscaling and downscaling algorithms used by each display manufacturer.

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An example of a plasma display that has suffered severe burn-in from static text

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Control circuitry charges the electrodes that cross paths at a cell, creating a

288: 3558: 2042: 754: 736: 699: 536: 348: 336: 232: 206: 109: 2862: 2311: 2119: 1662: 1503:"Fujitsu is World's First to Mass Produce 42-inch Color Plasma Display Panels" 4130: 3064: 2581: 2189: 658: 492: 292: 236: 194: 135: 3390:"Pioneer puts new PDP factory on hold after poor sales | Network World" 2066: 1864:"Panasonic celebrates higher plasma TV sales for 2010, sets prices for 2011" 2549: 839: 793: 792:). As a result, picture quality varies depending on the performance of the 680: 344: 1735: 1719: 1663:"Baking system for plasma display panel and layout method for said system" 3975: 3938: 3659: 3334:"In Panasonic's plasma exit, Japan's TV makers come to terms with defeat" 1982: 1840: 676: 591: 567: 501: 485: 151: 1477: 1156: 414:

Until the early 2000s, plasma displays were the most popular choice for

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The first practical plasma video display was co-invented in 1964 at the

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Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices By Richard C. Dorf

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Plasma screens use significantly more energy than CRT and LCD screens.

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Plasma display panels: The colorful history of an Illinois technology'

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Journal, Jason DeanStaff Reporter of The Wall Street (June 5, 2003).

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LCD TV Market Ten Times Larger Than Plasma TVs On Units-Shipped Basis

898: 635: 575: 555: 551: 516: 2515: 112:. Plasma televisions were the first large (over 32 inches diagonal) 3772: 3743: 3583: 1582:"Passion for Plasma Fuels Creation of First 60-Inch Flat-Screen TV" 1199:"ECE Alumni wins award for inventing the flat-panel plasma display" 857:

found on 50 in, 60 in, and 65 in plasma screens, or

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locations in the US for $ 14,999, including in-home installation.

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on LCD, which has become more competitive from a cost standpoint.

916: 910: 886: 874: 835: 639: 524: 382: 360: 324: 252: 175: 3463:"BBC NEWS - UK - Magazine - Do flat-screen TVs eat more energy?" 950: – Technology rapidly developed in the late 1990s and 2000s 481: 35: 3671: 1076: 826:

Early high-definition (HD) plasma displays had a resolution of

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Step 3: Is a 1080p Resolution Plasma TV Worth the Extra Money?

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Yen, William M.; Shionoya, Shigeo; Yamamoto, Hajime (2007).

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Plasma displays are closely related to the simple neon lamp.

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Dugan, Emily., "6ft by 150 inches – and that's just the TV"

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Later HDTV plasma televisions usually have a resolution of

803:(ED) with a native resolution of 840×480 (discontinued) or 627: 431: 415: 1557:"The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Fujitsu Plasma TV" 1131:

Michael Allen's 2008 E-Learning Annual By Michael W. Allen

842:. These were interlaced displays, with non-square pixels. 1103:"4K OLED TV Lays Plasma Ghost to Rest; Panasonic Pips LG" 712: 665:(RFI) from these devices can be irritating or disabling. 602: 528: 406:

Plasma displays became 75% thinner between 2006 and 2011.

300: 120: 105: 1947:"TV shoppers: Now is the time to buy a Panasonic plasma" 1697:"Plasma TV sales overtake projection units, says report" 3521: 2863:"Gas panel with improved circuit for display operation" 892: 626:(EDTV) this small, even fewer have made 32 inch plasma 3199:"Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Ltd. | Encyclopedia.com" 2775:

Digital Signage Broadcasting By Lars-Ingemar Lundström

1191: 2045:(April 2006). "History of the plasma display panel". 1181:"Bitzer Wins Emmy Award for Plasma Screen Technology" 605:

or higher for the display module), have a wide color

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O'Toole, David Goldman and James (30 October 2014).

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Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology

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Panasonic's 150-Inch "Life Screen" Plasma Opens CES

1638:"High Strain-Point Glass Composition for Substrate" 1285:Brian Dear, Chapter 22 – The Business Opportunity, 811:signals to match their native display resolutions. 672:appears due to the nature of the IPS pixel design. 661:operators (hams) or shortwave listeners (SWL), the 3289:Mead 2007-05-20T23:00:00.139Z, Rob (20 May 2007). 2545:"Sound Advice: Plasma TV sets are better, cheaper" 2420:"Review: Vizio VP322, the world's smallest plasma" 369:NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories 4107:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays 2644:Principles of Multimedia By Ranjan Parekh, Ranjan 1752:"LCD televisions outsell plasma 8 to 1 worldwide" 1378:, CNET News, June 18, 2007, retrieved 2008-11-24. 1014:"Panasonic in talks to sell Hyogo plasma factory" 4128: 3511:Forget L.C.D.; Go for Plasma, Says Maker of Both 2990:Plasma TV Screen Burn-In: Is It Still a Problem? 2496:plasmatvbuyingguide.com - Plasma TVs at Altitude 2312:"Aluminosilicate glass for flat display devices" 1390:"Flat screen TVs coming soon to a wall near you" 3229:"Formosa Plastics Enters Plasma-Display Market" 3162: 2516:"Plasma TV – Mother of All RFI Producers" 2092: 2011:"Samsung to end plasma TV production this year" 2008: 975: 319:(the first use of such a display in 1985), the 2147:Display interfaces: fundamentals and standards 1975: 880:Chunghwa Picture Tubes (only produced panels ) 271:; and generally anything that previously used 201:, and graduate student Robert Willson for the 3543: 2666:The electronics handbook By Jerry C. Whitaker 1441:, No. 4, June 15, 1997, retrieved 2009-01-29. 1362: 971: 969: 1886: 1777:"LCD TVs outship CRT TVs for the first time" 1369:Ogg, E., "Getting a charge out of plasma TV" 3761:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display 3318:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2537: 2491: 2489: 1612:"Central Glass to produce speciality glass" 1350: 1322: 1320: 1038: 849:found on many 42 inch plasma screens, 531:, which creates an electrically conducting 3672:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode 3550: 3536: 2706: 2391:"LG launches 'world's smallest' plasma TV" 2365: 2363: 1742:, November 27, 2006, retrieved 2007-08-12. 1452:"Philips et Thomson en position d'attente" 1428:Mendrala, Jim, "Flat Panel Plasma Display" 1396:. (Oregon). Associated Press. p. 9C. 1357:News:New Products:The Ericsson Portable PC 1292: 1173: 966: 434:, which made up for the price difference. 365:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 191:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 3364:"Panasonic completes Amagasaki PDP plant" 2982: 2486: 1317: 1041:"The world is running out of plasma TVs" 954:Comparison of CRT, LCD, Plasma, and OLED 868: 740: 541: 491: 480: 401: 287: 174: 76: 60:of all important aspects of the article. 3226: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2586:Plasma vs. LCD: Which is right for you? 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2360: 2150:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 69–71. 1831:, 8 January 2008, retrieved 2009-01-29. 1774: 1768: 1387: 1381: 1270:Brian Dear, Chapter 6 – Gas and Glass, 1008: 1006: 923: 883:Formosa plastics (only produced panels) 601:Plasma displays are bright (1,000 126:Competing display technologies include 14: 4129: 3557: 2337:Choosing The HDTV That’s Right For You 1990:from the original on February 23, 2017 1923:from the original on September 4, 2014 1775:Gruener, Wolfgang (19 February 2008). 1205:from the original on February 14, 2019 1020:from the original on December 19, 2019 991:from the original on February 20, 2020 981:"Farewell to the big-screen plasma TV" 56:Please consider expanding the lead to 3531: 3473:from the original on 16 February 2009 3270:from the original on November 8, 2019 3260:"Hitachi to Shut Its Last TV Factory" 3257: 3239:from the original on January 12, 2020 3069:ALiS (alternate lighting of surfaces) 2467: 2244:"History of the Plasma Display Panel" 2143: 2137: 2041: 2035: 1957:from the original on November 4, 2013 1712: 1458:from the original on 28 February 2023 1400:from the original on November 1, 2021 1226:"History of the Plasma Display Panel" 430:support, while plasmas were stuck at 3808:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display 3449:"Toshiba phases out plasma displays" 3441: 2931: 2919:from the original on 2 December 2020 2677: 2597: 2568: 1978:"With LG Out, Plasma HDTVs Are Dead" 1856: 1765:, 21 May 2008, retrieved 2008-06-13. 1736:"Shift to large LCD TVs over plasma" 1720:"Shift to large LCD TVs over plasma" 1618:from the original on 5 November 2020 1592:from the original on 10 January 2021 1338:from the original on 2 December 2020 1150:"Kalman Tihanyi's plasma television" 1003: 769: 679:, thanks in large part to very high 170: 29: 3882:Light-emitting electrochemical cell 2888:"Control of a plasma display panel" 2685:"A plasma lover's guide to LED LCD" 2508: 2251:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE 2047:IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 2023:from the original on April 27, 2020 1976:Will Greenwald (October 28, 2014). 1233:IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE 1051:from the original on 12 August 2020 496:Composition of plasma display panel 24: 4081:Large-screen television technology 1534:. 19 September 1999. p. 348. 1388:Thurber, David (August 25, 1995). 1069: 948:Large-screen television technology 675:Plasma displays have less visible 632:large-screen television technology 25: 4158: 3755:Organic light-emitting transistor 3489: 3344:from the original on 5 March 2021 3132:Are All Plasma Televisions HDTVs? 2714:"Dell U3014 Review - TFT Central" 2388: 2241: 2196:from the original on 16 June 2009 1874:from the original on July 3, 2018 1808:, newteevee.com, 21 February 2009 1359:, InfoWorld, 22 Apr 1985, Page 26 1223: 730: 694: 422:rear-projection systems in 2005. 97:that uses small cells containing 4118:Comparison of display technology 3370:from the original on May 8, 2020 3258:Osawa, Juro (January 23, 2012). 2009:David Katzmaier (July 2, 2014). 1532:The Central New Jersey Home News 653:For those who wish to listen to 34: 3749:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots 3455: 3429:from the original on 8 May 2020 3411: 3400:from the original on 2020-05-08 3382: 3378:– via Japan Times Online. 3356: 3352:– via mobile.reuters.com. 3326: 3301:from the original on 2020-05-08 3282: 3251: 3220: 3209:from the original on 2020-01-12 3191: 3180:from the original on 2023-04-13 3149:Practical Home Theater Guide – 3143: 3121: 3102: 3080: 3058: 3039: 3020: 3001: 2957: 2905: 2894:from the original on 2021-10-24 2880: 2869:from the original on 2021-10-24 2855: 2844:from the original on 2021-10-24 2830: 2808: 2786: 2764: 2735: 2724:from the original on 2017-12-14 2695:from the original on 2023-06-19 2655: 2633: 2622:from the original on 2021-05-31 2557:from the original on 2014-10-06 2526:from the original on 2018-09-29 2441: 2430:from the original on 2023-06-19 2412: 2401:from the original on 2021-03-04 2382: 2356:How to Calibrate Your Plasma TV 2348: 2329: 2318:from the original on 2023-04-13 2304: 2293: 2282: 2235: 2208: 2178: 2164:from the original on 2024-01-28 2126:from the original on 2023-04-13 2112: 2101:from the original on 2023-04-13 2086: 2002: 1969: 1939: 1905: 1834: 1811: 1791: 1745: 1729: 1690: 1680: 1669:from the original on 2023-04-13 1655: 1644:from the original on 2023-04-13 1630: 1604: 1574: 1563:from the original on 2023-02-28 1549: 1538:from the original on 2024-01-28 1520: 1509:from the original on 2023-04-13 1495: 1484:from the original on 2023-02-28 1470: 1444: 1421: 1412: 1306:from the original on 2009-10-15 1279: 1264: 1217: 1109:from the original on 2021-01-27 1084:from the original on 2016-11-07 1028:– via Japan Times Online. 807:and down-scaled their incoming 624:enhanced-definition televisions 48:may be too short to adequately 3820:Laser-powered phosphor display 2242:Weber, Larry F. (APRIL 2006). 1328:"The chronicles of gas-plasma" 1224:Weber, Larry F. (APRIL 2006). 1142: 1120: 1095: 1063: 1032: 832:alternate lighting of surfaces 799:Early plasma televisions were 116:to be released to the public. 58:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 4086:Optimum HDTV viewing distance 4076:History of display technology 3964:Computer-generated holography 2371:How Long Do Plasma TVs Last? 1302:. Webopedia. September 1996. 1300:"What is gas-plasma display?" 959: 938:History of display technology 3666:Organic light-emitting diode 3660:Light-emitting diode display 788:), 1,366×768 and 1920×1080 ( 705:organic light-emitting diode 663:radio frequency interference 578:that use colored phosphors. 508:. With flow of electricity ( 347:), co-founded Plasmaco with 132:organic light-emitting diode 7: 3047:EDTV Plasma vs. HDTV Plasma 931: 615:LED-backlit LCD televisions 10: 4163: 3876:Vacuum fluorescent display 3600:Electroluminescent display 3291:"LG shuts plasma TV plant" 3108:PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com – 3045:PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com – 3007:PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com – 2988:PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com – 2474:LED LCD vs. plasma vs. LCD 2369:PlasmaTVBuyingGuide.com – 2186:"How Plasma Displays Work" 773: 734: 165: 27:Type of flat-panel display 4115: 4063: 4025: 3984: 3929: 3833: 3732: 3723:Liquid crystal on silicon 3627: 3574: 3565: 2144:Myers, Robert L. (2002). 476: 451:Consumer Electronics Show 263:; test equipment such as 3914:Fourteen-segment display 3717:Digital Light Processing 3278:– via www.wsj.com. 3247:– via www.wsj.com. 2451:. Which?. Archived from 2354:PlasmaTelevisions.org – 1287:The Friendly Orange Glow 1273:The Friendly Orange Glow 630:. With the trend toward 464: 397: 354: 283: 257:navigational instruments 214:cheaper than the $ 2500 144:Digital Light Processing 3920:Sixteen-segment display 3606:Rear-projection display 2913:"Replacing the CRT III" 2838:"Plasma display device" 2067:10.1109/TPS.2006.872440 794:video scaling processor 3767:Field-emission display 3682:Liquid-crystal display 2270:Check date values in: 1252:Check date values in: 877:(only produced panels) 834:(ALiS) panels made by 746: 547: 497: 489: 407: 341:University of Illinois 296: 295:plasma screen close-up 180: 156:field emission display 82: 3904:Eight-segment display 3898:Seven-segment display 3520:Home Theater Geeks – 3516:Panasonic Corporation 3366:. December 23, 2009. 2944:HomeTheaterMag.com – 1687:doi:10.1889/1.1832431 1439:North West Tech Notes 1394:Eugene Register-Guard 869:Notable manufacturers 809:high-definition video 774:Further information: 744: 545: 495: 484: 405: 376:Panasonic Corporation 291: 229:seven-segment display 225:Burroughs Corporation 203:PLATO computer system 178: 80: 4147:Hungarian inventions 4026:Display capabilities 3909:Nine-segment display 3611:Plasma display panel 3451:. December 28, 2004. 3394:www.networkworld.com 3203:www.encyclopedia.com 2718:www.tftcentral.co.uk 2612:"LED-LCD vs. Plasma" 1953:. October 31, 2013. 1787:on 26 February 2008. 1614:. 19 November 2002. 1016:. January 28, 2014. 924:Environmental impact 317:Ericsson Portable PC 87:plasma display panel 4142:American inventions 4055:See-through display 3959:Holographic display 3637:Quantum dot display 3522:13: Plasma Geek Out 3469:. 7 December 2006. 3425:. 4 December 2008. 3264:Wall Street Journal 3233:Wall Street Journal 2915:. 2 November 2008. 2449:"LCD vs Plasma TVs" 2395:www.theregister.com 2059:2006ITPS...34..268W 1586:Wall Street Journal 1334:. 20 October 2020. 863:standard-definition 801:enhanced-definition 444:Pioneer Electronics 333:mainframe computers 321:Compaq Portable 386 160:quantum dot display 114:flat-panel displays 4137:Display technology 4097:Color Light Output 4091:High Dynamic Range 3893:Dot-matrix display 3888:Lightguide display 3559:Display technology 3340:. 9 October 2013. 3156:2016-12-20 at the 3137:2016-03-04 at the 3115:2016-02-19 at the 3096:2023-04-13 at the 3074:2010-04-22 at the 3052:2016-02-19 at the 3033:2010-01-25 at the 3014:2016-01-04 at the 2995:2019-05-16 at the 2951:2009-09-07 at the 2824:2023-04-13 at the 2802:2023-04-13 at the 2780:2023-04-13 at the 2671:2023-04-13 at the 2649:2023-04-13 at the 2591:2014-01-23 at the 2501:2016-02-19 at the 2479:2020-04-07 at the 2376:2016-02-14 at the 2342:2016-09-10 at the 1919:. April 16, 2014. 1898:2011-10-13 at the 1850:2017-02-11 at the 1823:2015-09-25 at the 1804:2010-07-16 at the 1757:2009-05-22 at the 1726:, 27 November 2006 1702:2010-01-05 at the 1588:. 30 August 2000. 1433:2019-01-05 at the 1374:2013-11-03 at the 1136:2023-04-13 at the 747: 548: 498: 490: 442:announcement that 419:flat-panel display 408: 313:portable computers 297: 265:frequency counters 181: 95:flat-panel display 83: 4124: 4123: 4050:Always-on display 3841:Electromechanical 3829: 3828: 3028:Native Resolution 2747:www.panasonic.net 2228:978-0-8493-3564-8 2218:Phosphor handbook 2192:. 19 March 2002. 2157:978-0-471-49946-6 1870:. March 1, 2011. 985:Los Angeles Times 919:(produced panels) 913:(produced panels) 907:(produced panels) 901:(produced panels) 895:(produced panels) 889:(produced panels) 782:native resolution 776:Native resolution 770:Screen resolution 572:fluorescent lamps 171:Early development 108:that responds to 75: 74: 16:(Redirected from 4154: 4102:Flexible display 4064:Related articles 3944:Autostereoscopic 3643:Electronic paper 3589:Cathode-ray tube 3572: 3571: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3529: 3528: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3423:www.whathifi.com 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3405: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3166: 3160: 3147: 3141: 3125: 3119: 3106: 3100: 3084: 3078: 3062: 3056: 3043: 3037: 3026:AfterDawn.com – 3024: 3018: 3005: 2999: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2976: 2967:. 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Gene Slottow 173: 168: 110:electric fields 93:) is a type of 71: 65: 62: 55: 43:This article's 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4160: 4150: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3935: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3848: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3798: 3787: 3786: 3785: 3783:Liquid crystal 3780: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3640: 3633: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3608: 3603: 3597: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3567:Video displays 3563: 3562: 3555: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3518: 3503: 3491: 3490:External links 3488: 3485: 3484: 3467:news.bbc.co.uk 3454: 3440: 3410: 3381: 3355: 3325: 3281: 3250: 3219: 3190: 3161: 3151:Plasma TV FAQs 3142: 3120: 3101: 3079: 3057: 3038: 3019: 3000: 2981: 2956: 2946:Plasma Vs. 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