31:
192:. The entire screen is then placed in an organic gas, and pulses of electricity are sent through the pads. Carbon in the gas is pulled onto the edges of the slit in the PdO squares, forming thin films that extend vertically off the tops of the gaps and grow toward each other at a slight angle. This process is self-limiting; if the gap gets too small, the pulses erode the carbon, so the gap width can be controlled to produce a fairly constant 5 nm slit between them.
196:
power lines. SEDs use this space to place thin sheets or rods on top of the conductors, which keep the two glass surfaces apart. A series of these is used to reinforce the screen over its entire surface, which significantly reduces the needed strength of the glass itself. A CRT has no place for similar reinforcements, so the glass at the front screen must be thick enough to support all the pressure. SEDs are thus much thinner and lighter than CRTs.
138:
field can correspond to a potential on the order of tens of volts. On the order of 3%, a few of the electrons impact with slit material on the far side and are scattered out of the emitter surface. A second field, applied externally, accelerates these scattered electrons towards the screen. Production of this field requires kilovolt potentials, but is a constant field requiring no switching, so the electronics that produce it are pretty simple.
1731:
184:(PdO) only 20 nanometers thick are deposited into the gaps between the electrodes, connecting them to supply power. A small slit is cut into the pad in the middle by repeatedly pulsing high currents through them. The resulting erosion causes a gap to form. The gap in the pad forms the emitter. The width of the gap has to be tightly controlled to work correctly, which proved challenging to control in practice.
256:, holds a number of patents related to FED and SED manufacturing. They had sold Canon a perpetual license for a coating technology used in their newer carbon-based emitter structure. Applied Nanotech claimed that Canon's agreement with Toshiba amounted to an illegal technology transfer, and a separate agreement would have to be reached. They first approached the problem in April 2005.
39:
222:
to create a joint venture to continue development of SED technology, forming "SED Ltd." Toshiba introduced new technology to pattern the conductors underlying the emitters using technologies adapted from inkjet printers. At the time both companies claimed that production was slated to begin in 2005.
141:
Each emitter is aligned behind a colored phosphor dot. The accelerated electrons strike the dot and cause it to give off light in a fashion identical to a conventional CRT. Since each dot on the screen is lit by a single emitter, there is no need to steer or direct the beam as there is in a CRT. The
155:
that LCDs and similar displays require to precisely select every sub-pixel, and further reduces the complexity of the emitter array. However, this also means that changes in voltage cannot be used to control the brightness of the resulting pixels. Instead, the emitters are rapidly turned on and off
125:
surrounding the gun end of the tube are used to steer the beam as it travels forward, allowing the beam to be scanned across the screen to produce a 2D display. When the fast-moving electrons strike the phosphor on the back of the screen, light is produced. Color images are produced by painting the
301:
In April 2009 during NAB 2009, Peter Putman was quoted as saying "I was asked on more than one occasion about the chances of Canon's SED making a comeback, something I would not have bet money on after the Nano
Technologies licensing debacle. However, a source within Canon told me at the show that
137:
The SED replaces the single gun of a conventional CRT with a grid of nanoscopic emitters, one for each sub-pixel of the display. The emitter apparatus consists of a thin slit across which electrons jump when powered with high-voltage gradients. Due to the nanoscopic size of the slits, the required
195:
Since the screen needs to be held in a vacuum to work, there is a large inward force on the glass surfaces due to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. Because the emitters are laid out in vertical columns, there is a space between each column where there is no phosphor, normally above the column
168:
or similar technologies and then covered with a thin layer of aluminum to make the screen visibly opaque and provide an electrical return path for the electrons once they strike the screen. In the SED, this layer also serves as the front electrode that accelerates the electrons toward the screen,
305:
Canon officially announced on 25 May 2010 the end of the development of SED TVs for the home consumer market, but indicated that they will continue development for commercial applications like medical equipment. On 18 August 2010, Canon decided to liquidate SED Inc., a consolidated subsidiary of
279:
reversed the lower court's decision and provided that Canon's "irrevocable and perpetual" non-exclusive licence was still enforceable and covers Canon's restructured subsidiary SED. On 2 December 2008, Applied
Nanotech dropped the lawsuit, stating that continuing the lawsuit "would probably be a
259:
Canon responded to the lawsuit with several actions. On 12 January 2007 they announced that they would buy all of
Toshiba's shares in SED Inc. in order to eliminate Toshiba's involvement in the venture. They also started re-working their existing RE40,062 patent filing in order to remove any of
146:
effect, which emits electrons across the slits, is highly non-linear, and the emission process tends to be fully on or off for any given voltage. This allows the selection of particular emitters by powering a single horizontal row on the screen and then powering all the needed vertical columns
241:
In
December 2006, Toshiba President and Chief Executive Atsutoshi Nishida said Toshiba was on track to mass-produce SED TV sets in cooperation with Canon by 2008. He said the company planned to start small-output production in the fall of 2007, but they do not expect SED displays to become a
121:. At one end of the gun, electrons are produced by "boiling" them off a metal filament, which requires relatively high currents and consumes a large proportion of the CRT's power. The electrons are then accelerated and focused into a fast-moving beam, flowing forward towards the screen.
210:
began SED research in 1986. Their early research used PdO electrodes without the carbon films on top, but controlling the slit width proved difficult. At the time there were a number of flat-screen technologies in early development, and the only one close to commercialization was the
230:
However, by this point Canon's SED introduction date had already slipped several times. It was first claimed it would go into production in 1999. This was pushed back to 2005 after the joint agreement, and then again into 2007 after the first demonstrations at CES and other shows.
163:
SED screens consist of two glass sheets separated by a few millimeters, the rear layer supporting the emitters and the front the phosphors. The front is easily prepared using methods similar to existing CRT systems; the phosphors are painted onto the screen using a variety of
147:
simultaneously, thereby powering the selected emitters. The half-power received by the rest of the emitters on the row is too small to cause emission, even when combined with voltage leaking from active emitters beside them. This allows SED displays to work without an
271:
cases, ruled in a summary judgment that Canon had violated its agreement by forming a joint television venture with
Toshiba. However, on 2 May 2007 a jury ruled that no additional damages beyond the $ 5.5m fee for the original licensing contract were due.
169:
held at a constant high voltage relative to the switching grid. As is the case with modern CRTs, a dark mask is applied to the glass before the phosphor is painted on to give the screen a dark charcoal gray color and improve the contrast ratio.
187:
Modern SEDs add another step that greatly eases production. The pads are deposited with a much larger gap between them, as much as 50 nm, which allows them to be added directly using technology adapted from
227:
during 2006, including 55" and 36" units from Canon, and a 42" unit from
Toshiba. They were widely lauded in the press for their image quality, saying it was "something that must be seen to believe."
302:
the SED is still very much alive as a pro monitor technology. Indeed, a Canon SED engineer from Japan was quietly making the rounds in the Las Vegas
Convention Center to scope out the competition."
97:
announced they were shutting down their joint effort to develop SEDs commercially, signaling the end of development efforts. SEDs were closely related to another developing display technology, the
306:
Canon Inc. developing SED technology, citing difficulties to secure appropriate profitability and effectively ending hopes to one day see SED TVs in the home or the room or the living room.
379:
215:(PDP), which had numerous disadvantages – manufacturing cost and energy use among them. LCDs were not suitable for larger screen sizes due to low yields and complex manufacturing.
249:. On 25 May 2007, Canon announced that the prolonged litigation would postpone the launch of SED televisions, and a new launch date would be announced at some date in the future.
234:
In
October 2006, Toshiba's president announced the company plans to begin full production of 55-inch SED TVs in July 2007 at its recently built SED volume-production facility in
242:
commodity and will not release the technology to the consumer market because of its expected high price, reserving it solely for professional broadcasting applications.
1622:
290:
Canon also had an ongoing OLED development process that started in the midst of the lawsuit. In 2007 they announced a joint deal to form "Hitachi
Displays Ltd.", with
287:
was making introduction of the sets far from certain, going so far as to say it would not be launching the product at that time "because people would laugh at them".
350:
93:
After considerable time and effort in the early and mid-2000s, SED efforts started winding down in 2009 as LCD became the dominant technology. In August 2010,
264:
172:
Creating the rear layer with the emitters is a multistep process. First, a matrix of silver wires is printed on the screen to form the rows or columns, an
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screen with spots or stripes of three colored phosphors, each for red, green, and blue (RGB). When viewed from a distance, the spots, known as "
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298:'s existing subsidiary. Canon later announced that they were purchasing Tokki Corp, a maker of OLED fabrication equipment.
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is added, and then the columns or rows are deposited on top of that. Electrodes are added into this array, typically using
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Also, in
December 2006 it was revealed that one reason for the delay was a lawsuit brought against Canon by
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Applied Nanotech's technologies from their system. The modified patent was issued on 12 February 2008.
87:
74:, each "tube" forming a single sub-pixel on the screen, grouped in threes to form red-green-blue (RGB)
737:
1386:
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706:
856:, "Display device with electron-emitting device with electron-emitting region", Seishiro Yoshioka
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98:
17:
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545:"SED Won't Become Commodity -- Toshiba's President Nishida Said at Year-End Press Gathering"
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8:
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105:, the main backer of FED, has similarly backed off from their development efforts.
71:
235:
180:, leaving a gap of about 60 micrometers between the columns. Next, square pads of
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160:, so that the total brightness of a spot at any given time can be controlled.
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83:
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and produce an image. In a general sense, a SED consists of a matrix of tiny
130:," blend together in the eye to produce a single picture element known as a
114:
42:
Another view of the same display, showing what was a thin case at the time
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1313:
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118:
1501:
1328:
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1305:
1245:
380:"FED: Sony calls it quits, basically burying the technology as a whole"
224:
207:
101:, or FED, differing primarily in the details of the electron emitters.
90:, with the packaging advantages of LCD and other flat panel displays.
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In spite of legal success, Canon announced at the same time that the
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63:
353:. IDG News Service. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022.
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1062:
1027:
860:/Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, Filed 2 June 2000, Re-issued 12 Feb 2008
682:"Notice Regarding Litigation with Nano-Proprietary Involving SED"
295:
219:
1046:
873:"Funding for organic-LED technology, patent disputes, and more"
62:
developed by a number of companies. SEDs uses nanoscopic-scale
657:"Nano-Proprietary, Inc. Announces Verdict in Canon Litigation"
267:, a district widely known for agreeing with patent holders in
1022:
223:
Both Canon and Toshiba started displaying prototype units at
131:
75:
820:
1592:
1040:
607:(Press release). Canon Inc. 12 January 2007. Archived from
411:. No. August 16–31, 2007. pp. 1–4. Archived from
102:
801:(Press release). Canon Inc. 18 August 2010. Archived from
467:. HDTVexpert. Archived from the original on 21 April 2006.
605:"SED Inc. to become wholly owned subsidiary of Canon Inc"
78:. SEDs combine the advantages of CRTs, namely their high
565:(Press release). Canon Inc. 25 May 2007. Archived from
113:
A conventional cathode ray tube (CRT) is powered by an
38:
265:
U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas
738:"Canon to take majority stake in Tokki for $ 69 mln"
1189:
Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
674:
1482:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays
781:"Canon to freeze development of home-use SED TVs"
351:"Canon signals end of the road for SED TV dreams"
1749:
624:
34:Canon's 36" prototype SED, shown at the 2006 CES
632:"Judge rules against Canon in nanotube TV case"
495:. MarketWatch, Inc. 2006-06-20. Archived from
493:"Toshiba eyes mass SED TV output in early '08"
1517:
918:
799:"Notice regarding liquidation of subsidiary"
1136:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display
649:
48:surface-conduction electron-emitter display
1730:
1524:
1510:
1047:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode
925:
911:
756:"NAB 2009: The Season Of Their Discontent"
510:
199:SEDs can have a 100,000:1 contrast ratio.
1531:
821:"Exploring the Evolution of SMD Screens"
485:
434:"SED Next-Generation Flat-Screen Display"
277:U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit
898:Technical comparison between SED and FED
427:
425:
402:"A closer look at SED, FED technologies"
395:
393:
348:
37:
29:
707:"Appeal's Court Ruling on No. 07-50640"
584:
542:
536:
294:and Canon each taking a 24.9% share of
218:In 2004 Canon signed an agreement with
14:
1750:
932:
587:"Canon clear to launch new type of TV"
462:
444:from the original on December 19, 2019
431:
1505:
906:
787:from the original on 9 November 2020.
580:
578:
576:
547:. Nikkei Microdevices. Archived from
422:
390:
1183:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display
563:"Notice Regarding Launch of SED TVs"
456:
432:Nguyen, Vincent (October 20, 2006).
377:
1257:Light-emitting electrochemical cell
886:, Volume 1 Number 5 (2007), pg. 278
543:Oonishi, Masao (25 December 2006).
516:
349:Williams, Martyn (19 August 2010).
24:
1456:Large-screen television technology
865:
744:from the original on 8 March 2021.
634:. CNET. 2007-02-22. Archived from
585:Harding, Robin (2 December 2008).
573:
252:Applied Nanotech, a subsidiary of
25:
1774:
1130:Organic light-emitting transistor
891:
589:. Financial Times. Archived from
519:"Toshiba, Canon work on displays"
1729:
1493:Comparison of display technology
521:. Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
399:
316:Comparison of display technology
1124:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots
812:
791:
773:
748:
730:
719:from the original on 2011-06-13
699:
615:
597:
525:from the original on 2016-03-08
1195:Laser-powered phosphor display
555:
463:Putman, Peter (8 March 2006).
378:Toto, Serkan (31 March 2009).
371:
342:
108:
13:
1:
1461:Optimum HDTV viewing distance
1451:History of display technology
1339:Computer-generated holography
740:. Reuters. 13 November 2007.
66:emitters to energize colored
1656:Optical head-mounted display
1041:Organic light-emitting diode
1035:Light-emitting diode display
758:. 2009-04-27. Archived from
684:. 2007-05-07. Archived from
659:. 2007-05-03. Archived from
326:Organic light-emitting diode
117:, essentially an open-ended
7:
1699:Multi-primary color display
517:Kim, Yun-Hee (2006-12-22).
309:
10:
1779:
1251:Vacuum fluorescent display
975:Electroluminescent display
839:
202:
1725:
1669:
1631:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1490:
1438:
1400:
1359:
1304:
1208:
1107:
1098:Liquid crystal on silicon
1002:
949:
940:
477:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
465:"Standing in the shadows"
363:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
263:On 22 February 2007, the
1289:Fourteen-segment display
1092:Digital Light Processing
783:. Reuters. 25 May 2010.
336:
1661:Virtual retinal display
1295:Sixteen-segment display
981:Rear-projection display
1142:Field-emission display
1057:Liquid-crystal display
321:Field emission display
158:pulse-width modulation
99:field emission display
43:
35:
1533:Emerging technologies
1279:Eight-segment display
1273:Seven-segment display
275:On 25 July 2008, the
269:intellectual property
153:thin-film transistors
41:
33:
1646:Head-mounted display
1401:Display capabilities
1284:Nine-segment display
986:Plasma display panel
847:U.S. Patent RE40,062
593:on 13 February 2009.
569:on 14 December 2007.
213:plasma display panel
1763:Japanese inventions
1687:Holographic display
1641:Bionic contact lens
1430:See-through display
1334:Holographic display
1012:Quantum dot display
663:on November 9, 2020
611:on 14 January 2007.
331:Quantum dot display
60:flat panel displays
1758:Display technology
1709:Volumetric display
1692:Computer-generated
1472:Color Light Output
1466:High Dynamic Range
1268:Dot-matrix display
1263:Lightguide display
934:Display technology
878:2009-06-01 at the
852:2022-05-06 at the
826:2024-08-30 at the
551:on 3 January 2007.
56:display technology
44:
36:
1745:
1744:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1499:
1498:
1425:Always-on display
1216:Electromechanical
1204:
1203:
819:Ali Al-Mansoori,
144:quantum tunneling
72:cathode-ray tubes
16:(Redirected from
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1682:Flexible display
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1550:
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1477:Flexible display
1439:Related articles
1319:Autostereoscopic
1018:Electronic paper
964:Cathode-ray tube
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884:Nature Photonics
834:, 30 August 2024
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386:on 19 June 2009.
382:. Archived from
375:
369:
368:
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354:
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280:futile effort".
254:Nano-Proprietary
247:Applied Nanotech
86:, and very fast
21:
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1677:Autostereoscopy
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1651:Head-up display
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1555:Next generation
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1382:Slide projector
1372:Movie projector
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880:Wayback Machine
868:
866:Further reading
863:
854:Wayback Machine
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832:SMDTechInsights
828:Wayback Machine
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805:on 10 May 2012.
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400:Fink, Richard.
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285:Great Recession
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190:inkjet printers
182:palladium oxide
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80:contrast ratios
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149:active matrix
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1387:Transparency
1360:Static media
1314:Stereoscopic
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813:Bibliography
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764:. Retrieved
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115:electron gun
112:
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51:
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1351:Fog display
1324:Multiscopic
1241:Fiber-optic
1153:Quantum dot
225:trade shows
119:vacuum tube
109:Description
1752:Categories
1633:Screenless
1392:Laser beam
1346:Volumetric
1306:3D display
1246:Nixie tube
1226:Split-flap
1111:generation
1085:Blue Phase
1005:generation
952:generation
766:2009-04-27
723:2008-07-30
692:2007-05-07
667:2007-05-06
642:2013-08-22
529:2006-12-22
503:2006-09-29
292:Matsushita
166:silkscreen
128:sub-pixels
27:CRT screen
1446:Scan line
1420:DisplayID
1377:Neon sign
1367:Monoscope
1209:Non-video
970:Jumbotron
438:SlashGear
174:insulator
68:phosphors
1704:Ultra HD
1588:MicroLED
1547:Displays
1329:Hologram
1236:Eggcrate
1221:Flip-dot
1167:display
1148:Laser TV
1119:microLED
1049:(AMOLED)
1003:Current
959:Eidophor
876:Archived
850:Archived
824:Archived
785:Archived
742:Archived
714:Archived
621:RE40,062
523:Archived
473:cite web
442:Archived
359:cite web
310:See also
178:platinum
64:electron
1413:CEA-861
1043:(OLED)
1028:Gyricon
840:Patents
296:Hitachi
220:Toshiba
203:History
82:, wide
54:) is a
1603:QD-LED
1540:Fields
1297:(SISD)
1191:(TDEL)
1185:(FLCD)
1132:(OLET)
1100:(LCoS)
1059:(LCD)
1037:(LED)
1014:(QLED)
988:(PDP)
858:et al.
236:Himeji
156:using
76:pixels
18:SED-tv
1670:Other
1578:Laser
1468:(HDR)
1291:(FSD)
1275:(SSD)
1259:(LEC)
1253:(VFD)
1197:(LPD)
1144:(FED)
1138:(SED)
1109:Next
1094:(DLP)
1023:E Ink
977:(ELD)
966:(CRT)
717:(PDF)
710:(PDF)
416:(PDF)
405:(PDF)
337:Notes
208:Canon
132:pixel
95:Canon
1736:List
1618:TMOS
1613:TDEL
1598:OLET
1593:OLED
1573:iMoD
1568:FLCD
1408:EDID
1230:Vane
1176:TMOS
1171:IMoD
1165:MEMS
992:ALiS
950:Past
479:link
450:2019
365:link
103:Sony
58:for
1623:TPD
1608:SED
1583:LPD
1563:FED
1080:LED
1073:IPS
1063:TFT
151:of
52:SED
1754::
1068:TN
882:,
830:,
712:.
575:^
475:}}
471:{{
440:.
436:.
424:^
407:.
392:^
361:}}
357:{{
238:.
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46:A
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50:(
20:)
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