31:
3420:
1546:
536:
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3676:
3733:, reformulating the integralist doctrine. Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under the banner of his new party in 1955 but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes). Then he supported the inauguration of President-elect
3692:
coup, hoping to make
Integralism the doctrinal basis of the new regime, as Vargas had promised him the office of the Minister of Education. The President, however, banned the Integralist party, treating it the same way he had treated other political parties after transforming Brazil into a
438:
Also in that year, Salgado married Maria Amélia
Pereira, and on July 6, 1919, his only daughter Maria Amélia Salgado was born. Fifteen days after giving birth to the couple's daughter, Salgado's wife, Maria Amélia died. Filled with sorrow, Plínio left his original study of
3700:
In 1938, Integralist militants tried twice, in the months of March and May, to promote uprisings against Vargas. Despite denying involvement in the events, Salgado was arrested after the May uprising and was imprisoned in the 17th-century Santa Cruz
Fortress in
447:, and began to study the works of Brazilian Catholic thinkers, such as Raimundo Farias Brito and Jackson Figueiredo. The death of his wife had a great impact on the course of Salgado's life. He would only marry again 17 years later, to Carmela Patti.
3687:
On 1937, Salgado launched his presidential candidacy for the general elections scheduled to take place in
January 1938. Aware of Vargas' intention to cancel the election and remain in power, he supported his
403:
state, Plínio
Salgado was the son of Colonel Francisco das Chagas Salgado, a local political leader, and Ana Francisca Rennó Cortez, a teacher. A very active child at school, he had special interest for
474:
in 1922, leading the "Nationalists", who wanted no foreign influences and sought a "purely
Brazilian" form of art, against the "Anthropophagics", who synthesized a new art from foreign influences.
4090:
3561:
At the height of the Vargas dictatorship, Salgado created the
Society for Political Studies, which gathered together intellectuals sympathetic to Fascism. Months later, he released the
4085:
1164:
3713:. During that period, he persistently sought to rehabilitate himself with the Brazilian regime, praising it in several manifestos, including its decision to declare war against
4065:
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of Brazil. As such, he drew the ire of anti-dictatorship activists, who burned down the newspaper's office just before the outbreak of the
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4135:
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412:. After the loss of his father, at the age of 16, which is said to have made him a bitter young man, his interests shifted towards
846:
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defending Luís's administration. Nevertheless, with the victory of the revolutionaries, he began to support the Vargas regime.
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1835:
329:; January 22, 1895 – December 8, 1975) was a Brazilian politician, writer, journalist, and theologian. He founded and led
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1094:
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1099:
463:
387:, obtaining two terms in the Chamber of Deputies. He retired from politics in 1974, just a year before his death.
377:
220:
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3779:
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3103:
2804:
2573:
695:
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3010:
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871:
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2006:
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1941:
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3652:. As the party grew, Vargas turned to Integralism as his only mobilized base of support on the
3550:, founded by Alfredo Egidio de Souza Aranha, Salgado developed an intense campaign against the
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1479:
1428:
803:
732:
726:
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Plínio
Salgado: A Brazilian Fascist (1895–1975) Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right
2995:
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793:
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427:. In 1918, he began his political life by taking part in the foundation of a party called
400:
369:
206:
185:
106:
8:
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In 1964, he was one of the speakers at the March of Family with God for
Freedom rally in
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2001:
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3626:(Σ) served as the movement's official symbol. Even though Salgado himself was never an
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2011:
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361:
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3531:. After his return to Brazil, on October 4, 1930, a day after the beginning of the
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881:
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572:
497:. The following year, also alongside del Picchia and Ricardo, Salgado launched the
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338:
3933:. Dicionário Histórico Biográfico Brasileiro pós 1930. 2ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Ed.
3508:
2209:
1976:
3975:
3930:
3804:
3741:, and was named to head the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.
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1981:
1966:
1956:
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1709:
1634:
1525:
1222:
1199:
1051:
876:
831:
763:
686:
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552:
3982:' Centre for Research and Documentation on the Contemporary History of Brazil.
3910:
Plínio
Salgado: um católico integralista entre Portugal e o Brasil (1895-1975)
3679:
Closing session of the Integralist Congress. Salgado is seated at the center.
3675:
2254:
1971:
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2737:
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2016:
1991:
1951:
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1805:
1689:
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936:
633:
30:
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440:
405:
3656:, which was elated by his Fascist-style crackdown against the Brazilian
3419:
1545:
3789:
Salgado died in São Paulo on 9 December 1975, aged 80. He is buried at
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in 1958. He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent the
2479:
423:
At the age of 20, Salgado founded and directed the weekly newspaper
3710:
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1810:
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383:, which led to the extinction of political parties, he joined the
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2568:
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1601:
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431:. This party congregated town leaders from municipalities in the
334:
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ranks, highly regimented street demonstrations, and aggressive
3516:
3240:
3088:
3020:
1825:
1119:
607:
535:
352:, he was later persecuted and exiled in Portugal for promoting
3565:, which provided the guidelines of a new political party, the
3467:, in which he defended nationalistic ideas with a strong anti-
3623:
3584:
3528:
638:
499:
1714:
4091:
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from São Paulo
4022:[One hundred and twenty years of Plínio Salgado].
3774:
which overthrew Goulart and, with the introduction of the
3709:. About a month later, he was sent to a six-year exile in
368:
in 1958, being re-elected in 1962, this time to represent
356:
against the government. After his return, he launched the
3507:
In 1930, Salgado supported the presidential candidacy of
3725:
Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the
3630:, many of the party members adopted anti-semitic views.
16:
Brazilian politician, writer, journalist, and theologian
4086:
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from Paraná
3599:. The movement was directly financed, in part, by the
485:, del Picchia and Cândido Mota Filho, he launched the
3947:"O integralismo brasileiro nunca deixou de existir"
3802:
4018:Vilela Barbuy, Victor Emanuel (22 January 2015).
512:, as the true carriers of the Brazilian identity.
4042:
2775:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2384:Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics
454:, Salgado became known by fellow journalists in
3633:Integralist Action drew its support from lower
3644:, lower middle class Brazilians, and military
3618:, which means "you are my brother," while the
307:Author, journalist, politician, and theologian
4017:
3444:
1570:
59:February 28, 1934 – December 2, 1937
4076:Party of Popular Representation politicians
3660:. In 1934, Salgado's movement targeted the
458:, and in 1920 was invited to work there in
3451:
3437:
1577:
1563:
435:region, and advocated municipal autonomy.
119:February 2, 1959 – March 18, 1963
98:March 18, 1963 – February 2, 1975
29:
4066:Republican Party of São Paulo politicians
376:, securing 8.28% of the votes. After the
147:July 15, 1927 – October 24, 1930
4071:Brazilian Integralist Action politicians
3993:"Plinio Salgado, Led Brazilian Fascists"
3674:
3610:was accompanied by the screaming of the
470:. He was a prominent participant in the
4116:Brazilian newspaper publishers (people)
3912:. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Publishing, 2018.
443:philosophers, and found comfort in the
395:Born in the small conservative town of
272: 1918; died 1919)
4043:
4020:"Cento e vinte anos de Plínio Salgado"
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3463:That same year, he published his book
1351:Brazilian Patrianovist Imperial Action
4081:National Renewal Alliance politicians
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3576:and forms of organization, such as a
324:
2599:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
333:, a political party inspired by the
466:, where he became a friend of poet
13:
4146:Candidates for President of Brazil
4136:Catholicism and far-right politics
3952:
3830:
2404:The Last Will of a Russian Fascist
534:
14:
4162:
4151:Prisoners and detainees of Brazil
4126:Brazilian prisoners and detainees
3744:Salgado was elected to represent
3515:. At that time, during a trip to
3479:and Oliveira Viana. His shift to
2354:The Myth of the Twentieth Century
372:. He was also a candidate in the
3595:, although he publicly rejected
3539:, Salgado wrote two articles in
3418:
2674:1934 Montreux Fascist conference
1608:
1544:
462:, the official newspaper of the
3796:
3780:National Renewal Alliance Party
3731:Party of Popular Representation
3720:
3664:, then under the leadership of
2574:Revolutionary Mexicanist Action
481:in 1926. After that, alongside
360:, and was elected to represent
292:
269:
4024:Frente Integralista Brasiliera
4011:
3985:
3940:
3915:
3902:
3572:Salgado adapted virtually all
3502:
477:He published his first novel,
1:
3824:
3729:regime, and then founded the
1531:Common good constitutionalism
464:Republican Party of São Paulo
390:
344:Initially a supporter of the
4141:Far-right politics in Brazil
4111:Brazilian newspaper founders
3908:GONÇALVES, Leandro Pereira.
3803:João Fábio Bertonha (2023).
3567:Brazilian Integralist Action
3556:Constitutionalist Revolution
2810:Fascist movements by country
2497:Brazilian Integralist Action
1630:Aestheticization of politics
1395:Popular Representation Party
1356:Brazilian Integralist Action
358:Popular Representation Party
331:Brazilian Integralist Action
47:Brazilian Integralist Action
7:
4096:Political history of Brazil
3782:, obtaining two terms as a
3519:, he became impressed with
2728:Italian invasion of Albania
2564:Patriotic People's Movement
1361:Brazilian Integralist Front
10:
4167:
3483:led Ricardo to launch the
2706:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
2679:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2514:Canadian Union of Fascists
2394:Foundations of Geopolitics
759:Traditionalist Catholicism
625:Doctrine of the two swords
374:1955 presidential election
4101:Brazilian anti-communists
4061:Brazilian Roman Catholics
3819:– via Google Books.
3739:National Democratic Union
3365:Glossary of Fascist Italy
3194:Syrian Social Nationalism
2502:British Union of Fascists
1390:Palmarian Catholic Church
385:National Renewal Alliance
311:
303:
248:
213:
192:
168:
163:
159:
151:
140:
135:State Deputy of São Paulo
133:
123:
112:
102:
91:
83:
73:
63:
52:
44:
40:
28:
21:
3969:Plínio Salgado biography
3897:Plínio Salgado biography
3809:. Taylor & Francis.
3767:. Salgado supported the
3535:which deposed President
3370:Glossary of Nazi Germany
2701:Second Sino-Japanese War
2649:Second Italo-Senussi War
2559:National Social Movement
2549:National Christian Party
2524:Silver Legion of America
2519:Republican Fascist Party
1296:Pascendi Dominici Gregis
1250:El liberalismo es pecado
1236:De regno, ad regem Cypri
727:Political traditionalism
578:Catholic social teaching
450:Through his articles in
326:[ˈplĩɲusawˈɡadu]
3980:Fundação Getúlio Vargas
3481:far right-wing politics
3465:Literature and Politics
3340:Extremism of the centre
2805:British fascist parties
2659:German election of 1932
2604:Great Japan Youth Party
2374:The Doctrine of Fascism
2364:La Conquista del Estado
1366:Catholic and Royal Army
1261:Famuli vestrae pietatis
445:Roman Catholic theology
4106:Brazilian nationalists
3684:
3640:, a large part of the
3072:Revisionist Maximalism
2696:Battle of Cable Street
2426:National Fascist Party
1318:O que é o Integralismo
733:Res publica Christiana
539:
35:Plínio Salgado in 1959
3678:
3552:constitutionalization
2616:Slovak People's Party
2584:Russian Fascist Party
2554:National Radical Camp
1831:Reactionary modernism
1516:Person Dignity Theory
739:Sun and Moon allegory
645:Divine right of kings
538:
487:Green-Yellow movement
429:Partido Municipalista
282:Carmela Patti Salgado
3737:, challenged by the
3735:Juscelino Kubitschek
3648:, especially in the
3642:Portuguese community
3475:stance, inspired by
3350:Fascist as an insult
3043:Reform bureaucratism
1899:Fascism and ideology
1769:National syndicalism
1640:Anti-intellectualism
1311:Mes idées politiques
754:Traditional monarchy
707:National syndicalism
702:National Catholicism
682:Integral nationalism
655:Ecclesiastical court
504:, which exalted the
452:Correio de São Bento
425:Correio de São Bento
397:São Bento do Sapucaí
259:Maria Amélia Pereira
182:São Bento do Sapucaí
69:Position established
3750:Chamber of Deputies
3666:Luiz Carlos Prestes
3491:breakaway from the
3425:Politics portal
3214:National Bolshevism
3170:Romanianism/Stelism
2758:Downfall in Germany
2718:Anti-Comintern Pact
2711:Japanese war crimes
1680:Cult of personality
1665:Class collaboration
1551:Politics portal
1470:Clerico-nationalism
661:Error has no rights
508:, particularly the
468:Menotti del Picchia
366:Chamber of Deputies
86:Chamber of Deputies
4131:Christian fascists
4121:Brazilian fascists
3997:The New York Times
3974:2011-07-24 at the
3929:2011-07-24 at the
3763:against President
3685:
3638:Italian immigrants
3541:Correio Paulistano
3209:National-anarchism
2920:Christian Identity
2845:Speeches by Hitler
2800:Books about Hitler
2763:Surrender of Japan
2689:Unification Decree
2669:Austrian Civil War
2644:Aventine Secession
1816:Proletarian nation
847:Barbey d'Aurevilly
677:Integral Education
598:Counter-revolution
540:
506:indigenous peoples
495:Modernist movement
460:Correio Paulistano
79:Position abolished
3999:. 9 December 1975
3563:October Manifesto
3546:In the newspaper
3489:social-democratic
3461:
3460:
2975:L'Œuvre Française
2883:Orthodox Peronism
2753:Downfall in Italy
2684:Spanish Civil War
2594:Arrow Cross Party
2539:FET y de las JONS
2324:Fascist Manifesto
1904:Fascism worldwide
1705:Heroic capitalism
1587:
1586:
1521:Orthodox Peronism
1464:Sodalitium Pianum
315:
314:
45:President of the
4158:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3989:
3983:
3967:
3963:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3919:
3913:
3906:
3900:
3899:at UOL Educação.
3895:
3891:
3820:
3791:Morumbi Cemetery
3778:, he joined the
3776:two-party system
3525:Fascist movement
3521:Benito Mussolini
3453:
3446:
3439:
3423:
3422:
2770:Nuremberg trials
2639:Beer Hall Putsch
2609:Yokusan Sonendan
2529:Fatherland Front
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2344:My Autobiography
2339:
2329:
1846:State capitalism
1836:Social Darwinism
1655:Authoritarianism
1645:Anti-materialism
1612:
1589:
1588:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1549:
1548:
1475:Clerical fascism
1384:Milícia Catalana
1338:Action Française
672:Gelasian Diarchy
603:Decentralization
573:Authoritarianism
515:
514:
483:Cassiano Ricardo
339:Benito Mussolini
328:
323:
296:
294:
273:
271:
199:
196:December 8, 1975
179:January 22, 1895
178:
176:
164:Personal details
145:
117:
96:
76:
66:
57:
33:
19:
18:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4026:(in Portuguese)
4016:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3976:Wayback Machine
3966:(in Portuguese)
3965:
3964:
3953:
3945:
3941:
3931:Wayback Machine
3920:
3916:
3907:
3903:
3894:(in Portuguese)
3893:
3892:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3799:
3723:
3695:one-party state
3662:Communist Party
3574:Fascist symbols
3537:Washington Luís
3533:1930 Revolution
3505:
3457:
3417:
3410:
3409:
3335:Culture of fear
3320:
3312:
3311:
3261:
3253:
3252:
3182:Neo-Eurasianism
3163:Neo-Legionarism
2865:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2835:Nazi ideologues
2788:
2780:
2779:
2654:Mukden Incident
2629:
2621:
2620:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2057:Primo de Rivera
1922:
1914:
1913:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1871:Totalitarianism
1856:Supercapitalism
1801:One-party state
1730:Interventionism
1625:Actual idealism
1620:
1583:
1543:
1536:
1535:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1378:Integrist Party
1345:Acción Española
1332:
1324:
1323:
1304:El Siglo Futuro
1256:Papal documents
1243:Treatise on Law
1229:The City of God
1218:
1210:
1209:
1065:
1057:
1056:
827:
819:
818:
804:Israeli/Zionist
777:
769:
768:
744:Social Kingship
588:Confessionalism
558:Anti-liberalism
548:
472:Modern Art Week
393:
321:
299:
298:
295: 1934)
290:
286:
283:
275:
267:
263:
260:
244:
214:Political party
201:
197:
180:
174:
172:
146:
141:
118:
113:
97:
92:
74:
64:
58:
53:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4164:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4038:
4037:
4010:
3984:
3951:
3939:
3923:Plínio Salgado
3914:
3901:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3816:978-1000983395
3815:
3798:
3795:
3722:
3719:
3707:Rio de Janeiro
3513:Getúlio Vargas
3504:
3501:
3477:Alberto Torres
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3395:Social fascism
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3355:Feudal fascism
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:Related topics
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3204:Third Position
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2966:Neo-Pétainism
2959:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:FE de las JONS
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:von Liebenfels
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1866:Third Position
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1725:Indoctrination
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Heroic realism
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1635:Anti-communism
1632:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1526:Third Position
1523:
1518:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1429:Traditionalism
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1223:Catholic Bible
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1130:Lamamié (Juan)
1127:
1125:Lamamié (José)
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
790:
789:
778:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
764:Ultramontanism
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
689:
687:Integral state
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
657:
652:
649:Deposing power
642:
636:
627:
622:
616:
611:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
553:Anti-communism
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
531:
530:
524:
523:
433:Paraíba Valley
392:
389:
350:Getúlio Vargas
318:Plínio Salgado
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
288:
284:
281:
280:
279:
278:
265:
261:
258:
257:
256:
255:
252:
250:
246:
245:
243:
242:
236:
230:
224:
217:
215:
211:
210:
200:(aged 80)
194:
190:
189:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
138:
137:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
89:
88:
84:Member of the
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
67:
61:
60:
50:
49:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
23:Plínio Salgado
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4163:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4025:
4021:
4014:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3949:. 3 May 2019.
3948:
3943:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3911:
3905:
3898:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3818:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3509:Júlio Prestes
3500:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3485:Flag movement
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3385:Proto-fascism
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3295:South America
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:North America
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Anti-fascists
2793:
2792:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:The Holocaust
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Peasant March
2736:
2734:
2733:Pact of Steel
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Kristallnacht
2721:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:March on Rome
2632:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:Organizations
2417:
2416:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
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2238:
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2218:
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2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2134:Intellectuals
2131:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
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2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
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1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
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1918:
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1900:
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1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Perpetual war
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1747:Irrationalism
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:Direct action
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Anti-pacifism
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1616:
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1507:
1505:
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1500:
1497:
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1481:
1476:
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1471:
1468:
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1459:
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1432:
1430:
1427:
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1420:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
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1385:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:Organizations
1328:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1289:Rerum novarum
1286:
1284:
1283:
1282:Immortale Dei
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:
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1240:
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1226:
1224:
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1214:
1213:
1206:
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1201:
1198:
1196:
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1191:
1188:
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1181:
1178:
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1168:
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1161:
1158:
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1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:Constantine I
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
823:
822:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
779:
773:
772:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
734:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
697:
696:Accidentalism
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
662:
658:
656:
653:
650:
646:
643:
640:
637:
635:
634:Cooperativism
631:
628:
626:
623:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
609:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
544:
543:
537:
533:
532:
529:
526:
525:
521:
517:
516:
513:
511:
507:
503:
501:
496:
493:group inside
492:
491:nationalistic
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
398:
388:
386:
382:
381:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
327:
319:
310:
306:
302:
277:
276:
254:
253:
251:
247:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
195:
191:
187:
183:
171:
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
144:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
116:
111:
108:
105:
101:
95:
90:
87:
82:
78:
72:
68:
62:
56:
51:
48:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
4028:. Retrieved
4023:
4013:
4001:. Retrieved
3996:
3987:
3942:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3904:
3805:
3797:Bibliography
3788:
3770:
3765:João Goulart
3758:
3743:
3724:
3721:Later career
3699:
3686:
3635:middle class
3632:
3615:
3608:Roman salute
3581:organization
3578:paramilitary
3571:
3562:
3560:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3506:
3496:
3493:Green-Yellow
3492:
3484:
3464:
3462:
3405:Uyoku dantai
3380:Post-fascism
3375:Para-fascism
3330:Anti-fascism
3260:By continent
3033:Intransigent
2970:Jeune Nation
2878:Nacionalismo
2850:SS personnel
2840:Nazi leaders
2743:World War II
2664:Enabling Act
2579:Rexist Party
2544:Kataeb Party
2485:Ustaše Youth
2453:Hitler Youth
2402:
2392:
2382:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2076:
1841:Social order
1784:Palingenetic
1751:
1685:Dictatorship
1670:Conspiracism
1508:
1503:Nacionalismo
1501:
1478:
1462:
1457:Neocatólicos
1455:
1438:
1406:
1399:
1382:
1370:
1343:
1336:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1006:
731:
717:Panhispanism
630:Distributism
614:Municipalism
606:
568:Anti-Zionism
563:Anti-Masonry
498:
486:
479:The Stranger
478:
476:
459:
451:
449:
437:
428:
424:
422:
394:
379:
346:dictatorship
343:
317:
316:
198:(1975-12-08)
152:Constituency
142:
124:Constituency
114:
103:Constituency
93:
75:Succeeded by
54:
4056:1975 deaths
4051:1895 births
3771:coup d'état
3727:Estado Novo
3717:and Italy.
3690:Estado Novo
3628:anti-Semite
3503:Integralism
3499:movements.
3400:Supremacism
3390:Red fascism
3236:Revisionism
3219:Nazi-Maoism
3189:Syndicalist
3158:Legionarism
3121:Strasserism
3079:LaRoucheism
3053:Restoration
2589:Axis powers
2431:Blackshirts
2255:Nihal Atsız
2215:de Gobineau
2150:Chamberlain
2122:Van Severen
2092:Starhemberg
2012:Monshizadeh
1921:Politicians
1889:Definitions
1774:Nationalism
1759:Masculinity
1720:Imperialism
1675:Corporatism
1480:Estado Novo
1275:Quanta Cura
1064:Politicians
902:Fontcuberta
712:Natural law
667:Familialism
593:Corporatism
583:Common good
528:Integralism
441:materialist
406:mathematics
380:coup d'état
354:an uprising
322:Portuguese:
241:(1966–1974)
235:(1946–1966)
229:(1934–1937)
223:(1928–1930)
65:Preceded by
4045:Categories
4030:24 January
4003:24 January
3825:References
3654:right wing
3473:latifundia
3145:Pan-Turkic
3109:Neo-Nazism
2874:Argentine
2492:Blueshirts
2475:Iron Guard
2443:Nazi Party
2436:Squadrismo
2334:Mein Kampf
2317:Literature
2170:De Benoist
2160:D'Annunzio
2155:Chesterton
2067:Rodzaevsky
2007:von Marées
1942:Böszörmény
1861:Syncretism
1851:Statolatry
1821:Propaganda
1764:Militarism
1660:Chauvinism
1619:Principles
1434:Legitimism
1408:Viva Maria
1401:Sanfedisti
1268:Mirari Vos
1205:de Villèle
1195:dos Santos
1190:Santamaria
1042:Valdivieso
1017:dos Santos
962:Meinvielle
917:Gelasius I
882:Eyzaguirre
867:Castellani
749:Solidarity
722:Patriotism
692:Monarchism
619:Organicism
547:Principles
418:philosophy
414:psychology
391:Early life
337:regime of
304:Occupation
175:1895-01-22
3784:São Paulo
3761:São Paulo
3754:São Paulo
3670:terrorism
3589:uniformed
3587:-shirted
3325:Alt-right
3226:Uruguayan
3154:Romanian
3104:Hitlerism
3039:Japanese
2996:Hungarism
2984:Valoisism
2962:Pétainism
2957:Doriotism
2947:Francoism
2942:Falangism
2915:Christian
2910:Chiangism
2900:Brazilian
2895:Banderism
2285:Rosenberg
2245:Marinetti
2220:Haushofer
2022:Mussolini
1909:Symbolism
1894:Economics
1695:Dirigisme
1510:El Yunque
1491:Francoism
1486:Falangism
1451:Miguelism
1440:Federales
1372:Cristeros
1100:Fernández
1095:Estévanez
1085:Clavarana
1032:Taparelli
862:de Bonald
837:Augustine
782:Brazilian
456:São Paulo
401:São Paulo
370:São Paulo
207:São Paulo
203:São Paulo
186:São Paulo
143:In office
115:In office
107:São Paulo
94:In office
55:In office
3972:Archived
3927:Archived
3786:deputy.
3711:Portugal
3681:Blumenau
3646:officers
3593:rhetoric
3511:against
3471:and pro-
3360:Futurism
3276:Bulgaria
3248:Ustašism
3099:Esoteric
3094:Austrian
3084:Mystical
3067:Kahanism
3006:Ilminism
2991:Hindutva
2927:Clerical
2890:Austrian
2864:Variants
2507:Stewards
2270:Panunzio
2265:Olivetti
2240:von List
2145:Bardèche
2140:Baeumler
2097:Strasser
2037:Quisling
1977:Degrelle
1962:Codreanu
1811:Populism
1779:Integral
1753:Machismo
1735:Economic
1700:Eugenics
1594:a series
1592:Part of
1423:See also
1180:Rocamora
1160:Olazábal
1140:Louis IX
1052:Veuillot
1047:Vermeule
1022:Sardinha
932:González
877:Delassus
826:Thinkers
809:Lusitano
794:Catholic
776:Variants
639:Guildism
520:a series
518:Part of
502:movement
410:geometry
209:, Brazil
188:, Brazil
155:At-large
3937:, 2001.
3756:state.
3748:in the
3715:Germany
3703:Niterói
3683:, 1935.
3622:letter
3604:embassy
3601:Italian
3548:A Razão
3469:liberal
3345:F-scale
3305:Uruguay
3231:Marzism
3177:Russian
3138:Finnish
3126:Swedish
3114:Russian
3048:Statism
3028:Italian
3016:Islamic
2905:British
2812: (
2628:History
2569:Ratniks
2448:Gestapo
2295:Spirito
2290:Schmitt
2250:Michels
2205:Gentile
2102:Szálasi
2087:Starace
2077:Salgado
2042:Pavelić
2032:O'Duffy
1967:Darnand
1796:New Man
1715:Heroism
1602:Fascism
1496:Tacuara
1446:Carlism
1200:Senante
1185:Sánchez
1175:Quiroga
1155:Nocedal
1145:Maurras
1135:Larraín
1080:Barroso
1075:Ahimeir
1070:Abascal
1037:Urquiza
1012:Salvany
1007:Salgado
992:le Play
982:Pius IX
957:Maurras
947:Madiran
887:Ezcurra
832:Aquinas
814:Spanish
399:in the
364:in the
348:led by
335:fascist
297:
289:
285:
274:
266:
262:
249:Spouses
3813:
3746:Paraná
3606:. The
3597:racism
3517:Europe
3288:Canada
3271:Europe
3241:Sosism
3199:Techno
3150:Rexism
3089:Nazism
3062:Jewish
3021:Ziaism
2952:French
2932:Crypto
2480:Ustaše
2408:(2001)
2398:(1997)
2388:(1948)
2378:(1932)
2368:(1931)
2358:(1930)
2348:(1928)
2338:(1925)
2328:(1919)
2305:Yockey
2300:Valois
2185:Eckart
2117:Valois
2112:Türkeş
2072:Saadeh
2047:Pelley
2027:Nakano
2017:Mosley
2002:Ljotić
1997:Hitler
1987:Franco
1982:Doriot
1952:Bucard
1947:Bottai
1927:Arcand
1883:Topics
1826:Racism
1740:Social
1165:du Pin
1150:Moreno
1120:Josias
1105:García
1027:Solana
997:Raposo
987:Pius X
967:Ousset
952:Maeztu
937:Groulx
872:Cuesta
852:Billot
842:Balmes
799:French
608:Fueros
362:Paraná
128:Paraná
3769:1964
3624:sigma
3620:Greek
3616:Anauê
3614:word
3585:green
3583:with
3529:Italy
3011:Irish
2787:Lists
2280:Ramos
2275:Pound
2260:Ōkawa
2210:Giani
2200:Freda
2195:Feder
2190:Evola
2180:Dugin
2165:Darré
2062:Ramos
2052:Preto
1957:Ciano
1937:Balbo
1932:Araki
1789:Ultra
1217:Works
1115:Gómez
1110:Gomar
1002:Reale
972:Pemán
927:Gómez
922:Genta
912:Gaume
892:Feser
857:Blanc
378:1964
291:(
287:
268:(
264:
239:ARENA
4032:2019
4005:2019
3811:ISBN
3658:left
3650:Navy
3612:Tupi
3497:Anta
3495:and
3487:, a
3300:Peru
3266:Asia
3001:Hutu
2870:Arab
2230:Kita
2225:Jung
2175:Devi
2107:Tiso
2082:Sima
1992:Goga
1972:Déat
1170:Pujo
942:Hahn
907:Gago
897:Fita
787:Neo-
510:Tupi
500:Anta
489:, a
416:and
408:and
193:Died
169:Born
3978:at
3935:FGV
3527:in
3523:'s
3133:Neo
2937:Eco
2829:U-Z
2824:N-T
2819:G-M
2814:A-F
2458:RAD
977:Pie
233:PRP
227:AIB
221:PRP
4047::
3995:.
3954:^
3832:^
3793:.
3705:,
3697:.
3672:.
3569:.
3558:.
2468:SS
2463:SA
2376:"
2326:"
1596:on
522:on
420:.
341:.
293:m.
270:m.
205:,
184:,
4034:.
4007:.
3452:e
3445:t
3438:v
2831:)
2372:"
2322:"
1578:e
1571:t
1564:v
1498:)
1477:(
1299:)
1258:(
698:)
694:(
663:"
659:"
651:)
647:(
641:)
632:(
621:)
605:(
320:(
177:)
173:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
