1310:
1076:
142:
1088:
399:
2944:
3534:
727:
3258:
1249:
36:
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1026:, Pope Zachary welcomed this move by the Franks to end an intolerable condition and lay the constitutional foundations for exercising royal power. The Pope replied that such a state of things is not proper. Under these circumstances, the wielder of actual power should be called King. After this decision, Childeric III was deposed and confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.
1218:
In 763, Pepin advanced further into the heart of
Waiofar's domains and captured major strongholds (Poitiers, Limoges, Angoulême, etc.), after which Waiofar counterattacked and war became bitter. Pepin opted to spread terror, burning villas, destroying vineyards, and depopulating monasteries. By 765,
700:
In the
Frankish realm, the kingdom's unity was essentially connected with the king's person. So Carloman, to secure this unity, raised the Merovingian Childeric to the throne (743). Then, in 747, Carloman resolved to enter a monastery after years of consideration. This left Francia in the hands of
1066:
The significance of the anointment ceremony is visible in that the Pope newly adopted it and was unheard of in Rome. This, together with granting the title of
Patrician of the Romans, which was connected to the role of Defensor Civitatis (protector of oppressed citizens), meant that Pepin was now
1062:
to anoint him a second time in a lavish ceremony at the
Basilica of St Denis in 754, bestowing upon him the additional title of Patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). This was the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a Pope. As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin
994:
1356:
and, as important, he managed to subdue the
Aquitanians and the Gascons after three generations of on-off clashes, opening the gate to central and southern Gaul and Muslim Spain. He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in
1351:
his father had begun. He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its whole army in wartime. He not only contained the
Spanish Muslims as his father had but drove them out of what is now
556:
in reforming the
Frankish church and evangelizing the Saxons. After Carloman, an intensely pious man, retired to religious life in 747, Pepin became the sole ruler of the Franks. He suppressed a revolt led by his half-brother
1234:
As a result, Aquitanian nobles and
Gascons from beyond the Garonne also saw no option but to accept a pro-Frankish peace treaty (Fronsac, c. 768). Waiofar escaped but was assassinated by his frustrated followers in 768.
645:
troops, after which the Gascon and
Aquitanian lords saw no option but to pledge loyalty to the Franks. Pepin was, however, troubled by the relentless revolts of the Saxons and the Bavarians. He campaigned tirelessly in
572:
As King of the Franks, Pepin embarked on an ambitious program to expand his power. He reformed the Franks' legislation and continued
Boniface's ecclesiastical reforms. Pepin also intervened in favour of the Papacy of
561:
and succeeded in becoming the undisputed master of all Francia. Giving up pretense, Pepin then forced Childeric into a monastery and had himself proclaimed King of the Franks with the support of
1121:
were established, and the temporal reign of the papacy officially began. At about 752, he turned his attention to Septimania. The new king headed south in a military expedition down the
1175:'s Gascon-Aquitanian rule and beyond Frankish reach. Duke Waiofar appears to have confiscated Church lands, maybe distributing them among his troops. In 760, after conquering the
1029:
Pepin was then elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish nobles, with a large portion of his army on hand. The earliest account of his election and anointing is the
665:. Although Pepin was unquestionably one of the most powerful and successful rulers of his time, his reign is largely overshadowed by that of his more famous son, Charlemagne.
1872:. (Aleksandr Petrovich), 1922–1997, Talbot, Alice-Mary Maffry, Cutler, Anthony, 1934–, Gregory, Timothy E., Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson. New York: Oxford University Press.
1105:. After a meeting with Pope Stephen II at Ponthion, Pepin forced the Lombard king to return the seized property from the Church. He confirmed the papacy in possession of
1347:
Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued building up the
589:, and the Pope formally forbade the Franks ever to elect as king anyone who was not of the sacred race of Pepin. He also bestowed upon Pepin and his sons the title of
523:
712:, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Pepin put down the renewed revolt led by his half-brother and successfully restored the kingdom's boundaries.
3666:
1219:
the brutal tactics seemed to pay off for the Franks, who destroyed resistance in central Aquitaine and devastated the whole region. The city of
1180:
1063:
wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne), who was 12, and Carloman, who was 3.
1050:" (an Irish collection of canon law) to advise him to receive royal unction to assist his recognition as king. Anointed a first time in 751 in
585:. In the midsummer of 754, Stephen II anointed Pepin afresh, together with his two sons, Charles and Carloman. The ceremony took place in the
2807:
1008:, who had only the title of king, with no power. Since Pepin had control over the magnates and had the power of a king, he now addressed to
2152:
681:, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria.
1191:, and, in retaliation, counts loyal to Waiofar ravaged Burgundy. Pepin, in turn, besieged the Aquitanian-held towns and strongholds of
1400:
region. They had five children. She was repudiated sometime after the birth of Charlemagne, and her children were sent to convents.
565:
in 751. Not all members of the Carolingian family supported the decision, and Pepin had to put down a revolt led by Carloman's son,
2002:
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1990:
1309:
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100:
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was also interred there in 783. Charlemagne rebuilt the Basilica in honor of his parents and placed markers at the entrance.
3494:
72:
1430:
3686:
3681:
685:, Charles's son by his second wife, Swanahild (also known as Swanhilde), demanded a share in the inheritance, but he was
398:
2710:
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1820:
79:
17:
3454:
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119:
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53:
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2743:
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1165:
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258:
86:
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2995:
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1938:
1877:
1274:
839:
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299:
57:
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on account of their ecclesiastical upbringing, Pepin and Carloman continued their father's work in supporting
3656:
3132:
3057:
2088:
2064:
1047:
910:
678:
3676:
985:
was the commander of the kingdom's armies, in addition to his administrative duties as mayor of the palace.
68:
3671:
3608:
3589:
2793:
1908:
Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400–800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam
1017:
In regard to the kings of the Franks who no longer possess the royal power: is this state of things proper?
1035:, written around 767. Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion but was eventually killed in the battle of
2138:
1646:
1421:
1075:
566:
2842:, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.
141:
3651:
3241:
3066:
961:
1380:
were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation. He made the Carolingians the ruling dynasty of the
1215:
troops, who were overcome, captured and deported into northern France with their children and wives.
605:, keen to make good relations with the growing power of the Frankish Empire, gave Pepin the title of
387:
345:
2927:
2717:
1259:
1200:
607:
582:
1977:
Growth of Papal Government in Middle Ages – Study in Ideological Relation of Clerical to Lay Power
3613:
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1994:
1318:
1263:
1224:
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586:
463:
46:
458:. Pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the
2865:
2553:
2181:
1208:
1204:
1192:
755:
1578:
677:
died in 741. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother,
528:
3345:
2543:
2016:
1622:
1087:
1043:
954:
459:
303:
93:
3336:
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2538:
2504:
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2122:
1411:. They are known to have had eight children, at least three of whom survived to adulthood:
887:
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8:
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2459:
2439:
2370:
2365:
2321:
2197:
1031:
869:
863:
826:
718:
686:
593:. Pepin was able to secure several cities, which he then gave to the Pope as part of the
538:
471:
441:
236:
199:
2884:
2728:
3542:
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2405:
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2390:
2107:
1642:
1322:
1188:
806:
749:
455:
437:
377:
164:
708:
At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke
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332:
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1911:
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1462:
1408:
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1326:
933:
921:
902:
794:
788:
743:
709:
651:
602:
545:
325:
1831:
1179:
from the Muslims and denouncing Waiofar's actions, Pepin moved his troops over to
3410:
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2514:
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2355:
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998:
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221:
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182:
1887:
3483:
2763:
2306:
2296:
2291:
2271:
2266:
2211:
1376:
as a people. Pepin's assumption of the crown and the title of Patrician of
1118:
1009:
939:
927:
598:
562:
1095:
Pepin's first major act as king was to go to war against the Lombard king
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3022:
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2117:
2033:
1415:
1362:
1337:
857:
658:
637:, and proceeded to subjugate the southern realms by repeatedly defeating
511:
357:
337:
192:
3257:
1952:. Translated by Allen, Michael Idomir. University of Pennsylvania Press.
726:
3496:
3384:
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3145:
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2344:
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2236:
2216:
1802:
Brown, T.S. (1995). "Byzantine Italy". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.).
1341:
1317:
Pepin died on campaign in 768 at the age of 54. He was interred in the
1176:
1126:
1110:
1004:
As mayor of the palace, Pepin was formally subject to the decisions of
851:
769:
662:
627:
619:
341:
1896:
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3085:
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1333:
1134:
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782:
736:
694:
507:
503:
499:
495:
240:
1372:
His rule was historically significant and greatly beneficial to the
1248:
657:
Pepin died in 768 from unknown causes and was succeeded by his sons
35:
3313:
3076:
2673:
2642:
2548:
2330:
2206:
1959:
The Rise of the Medieval World, 500–1300: A Biographical Dictionary
1228:
1220:
1150:
1146:
1080:
1051:
1023:
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578:
519:
491:
487:
483:
203:
1861:
Iona, Tara, and Soissons: The Origin of the Royal Anointing Ritual
1130:
2226:
1852:
Charlemagne's Mustache: And Other Cultural Clusters of a Dark Age
1813:
Liturgy and architecture from the early church to the Middle Ages
1638:
1585:. Routledge Library Editions: The Medieval World (1st ed.).
1358:
1212:
1172:
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1106:
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352:
1898:
The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050
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1634:
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1158:
549:
515:
1931:
A History of Medieval Europe – From Constantine to Saint Louis
2839:
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1059:
506:. The brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the
467:
1157:
stronghold in Septimania, but could not capture it from the
1768:
1471:
1377:
1184:
1142:
981:
Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel, the
690:
2815:
1744:
1694:
522:
in the early years of their reign. In 743, they ended the
494:, while his older brother Carloman established himself in
1477:
3499:
from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.
1756:
1734:
1732:
1682:
1780:
1480:
1729:
1474:
1468:
1369:) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe.
1091:
Pepin's expedition to Septimania and Aquitaine (760)
615:
1465:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1520:
1070:
440:from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first
1804:The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 700–c. 900
1442:Chrothais (Rothaide), died young, buried in Metz.
1046:, an Irish monk who probably used a copy of the "
3633:
1583:A History of Early Medieval Europe: From 476–911
1332:The Frankish realm was divided according to the
1149:allegiance. The Frankish king went on to invest
2007:Photograph Archive of Old Original Documents (
1830:Duckett, Eleanor Shipley (20 September 2022).
1439:Adelais (Adelaide), died young, buried in Metz
1125:valley. He received the submission of eastern
2801:
2146:
1227:by Pepin in 767, as was Waiofar's capital of
962:
2008:
1950:The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe
1567:
1418:(Charlemagne) (2 April 742 – 28 January 814)
1806:. Vol. II. Cambridge University Press.
1611:
1277:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
147:
3048:
2808:
2794:
2153:
2139:
1901:. The Library of Iberian Resources Online.
1067:designated as the defender of the Church.
969:
955:
693:, forced to surrender and imprisoned in a
650:as well, but the final subjugation of the
140:
1297:Learn how and when to remove this message
1168:, when they were driven out to Hispania.
988:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2010:Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden
2000:Document by Pepin for Fulda Abbey, 760,
1956:
1905:
1774:
1762:
1688:
1573:
1365:) and the institutional infrastructure (
1308:
1086:
1074:
992:
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1974:
1867:
1858:
1829:
1723:
1712:
1700:
1677:
1617:
1550:
1515:
14:
3667:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
3634:
2160:
1965:
1849:
1786:
1187:, ravaged with fire and sword most of
701:Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and
668:
597:. This formed the legal basis for the
3495:West Francia was in the hands of the
2789:
2134:
1947:
1928:
1894:
1801:
1750:
1738:
1561:
1526:
2774:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
1810:
1538:
1275:adding citations to reliable sources
1242:
1083:in 759, after 40 years of occupation
541:, as figurehead King of the Franks.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
450:was the son of the Frankish prince
447:
408:
24:
1991:Literatur über Pippin den Jüngeren
1870:The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium
1488:; rarely, his name may be spelled
1171:However, Aquitaine remained under
27:King of the Franks from 751 to 768
25:
3698:
1984:
1396:Pepin married Leutberga from the
1054:, Pepin added to his power after
1042:Pepin was assisted by his friend
3532:
3256:
3075:
2942:
2089:Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia
1966:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2011).
1906:Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013).
1461:
1247:
725:
616:expansion for the Frankish realm
544:Being well disposed towards the
478:jointly with his elder brother,
397:
34:
2065:Mayor of the Palace of Neustria
1968:A Global Chronology of Conflict
1957:Schulman, Jana K., ed. (2002).
1795:
1717:
1706:
1071:Expansion of the Frankish realm
470:. Succeeding his father as the
45:needs additional citations for
1868:Kazhdan, Alexander P. (1991).
1671:
1555:
1544:
1532:
1509:
1453:
997:Coronation in 751 of Pepin by
146:Pepin the Younger, miniature,
13:
1:
1503:
1048:Collectio canonum Hibernensis
999:Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz
911:Lothair I, Holy Roman Emperor
430:
280:
153:
1895:Lewis, Archibald R. (2010).
1850:Dutton, Paul Edward (2008).
1313:Allegoric depiction of Pepin
1099:, who had expanded into the
654:was left to his successors.
149:Anonymi chronica imperatorum
7:
1655:10.1007/978-1-349-26924-2_4
1647:University of Toronto Press
474:in 741, Pepin reigned over
10:
3703:
3687:Children of Charles Martel
3682:8th-century Frankish kings
3242:Pepin, Count of Vermandois
1933:. Great Britain: Longman.
1623:"Italy and Spain, 773–801"
1384:and the foremost power of
697:by his two half-brothers.
3662:Monarchs killed in action
3598:
3574:
3541:
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3493:
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2078:
2071:
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2054:
2027:
1838:. Encyclopedia Britannica
1391:
1238:
983:dux et princeps Francorum
703:dux et princeps Francorum
633:and defeated them at the
587:Abbey Church of St. Denis
537:, who was to be the last
464:Abbey Church of St. Denis
436:– 24 September 768), was
393:
388:Chalcedonian Christianity
383:
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139:
134:
2832:Legend: → ≡ "father of",
1975:Ullmann, Walter (2013).
1970:. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO.
1579:"The Later Merovingians"
1446:
1211:, defended by Waiofar's
1164:until seven years later
635:siege of Narbonne in 759
601:in the Middle Ages. The
2187:List of French monarchs
2112:751 – 24 September 768
1995:German National Library
1319:Basilica of Saint Denis
1145:) after securing count
1037:Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1012:a suggestive question:
989:First Carolingian king
3050:Sons of Charles Martel
2866:Childebert the Adopted
2693:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
2182:List of Frankish kings
2177:Simplified family tree
2009:
1948:Riché, Pierre (1993).
1859:Enright, M.J. (1985).
1424:(751 – 4 December 771)
1403:In 741, Pepin married
1336:between his two sons:
1314:
1092:
1084:
1079:Muslim troops leaving
1001:
756:Childebert the Adopted
569:, and again by Grifo.
426:
418:
174:751 – 24 September 768
148:
2817:Pippinids, Arnulfings
2017:University of Marburg
1929:R.H.C, Davis (1957).
1854:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1312:
1090:
1078:
1044:Vergilius of Salzburg
996:
304:Kingdom of the Franks
3657:Mayors of the Palace
3247:Counts of Vermandois
2172:Detailed family tree
1863:. Walter de Gruyter.
1811:Doig, Allan (2008).
1753:, p. chapter 1.
1597:. pp. 244–245.
1271:improve this section
1022:Hard pressed by the
888:Pepin I of Aquitaine
524:Frankish Interregnum
315:Basilica of St Denis
54:improve this article
3672:Carolingian dynasty
3600:Charles of Lorraine
3563:Charles of Lorraine
3433:Louis the Stammerer
3221:Sons of Charlemagne
3110:Charles the Younger
3105:Pepin the Hunchback
2608:Henry VI of England
2034:Carolingian Dynasty
2003:"digitalised image"
1777:, pp. 728–731.
1032:Clausula de Pippino
870:Charles the Younger
864:Pepin the Hunchback
719:Carolingian dynasty
669:Assumption of power
539:Merovingian monarch
472:Mayor of the Palace
237:Mayor of the Palace
200:Mayor of the Palace
3506:Charles the Simple
3447:Charles the Simple
2755:House of Bonaparte
2665:House of Bonaparte
2595:House of Lancaster
2161:Monarchs of France
2108:King of the Franks
2073:Merged into crown
1961:. Greenwood Press.
1836:www.britannica.com
1703:, p. ix, 198.
1649:. pp. 65–66.
1643:Palgrave Macmillan
1575:Deanesly, Margaret
1436:Berthe, died young
1323:Metropolitan Paris
1315:
1093:
1085:
1002:
807:Drogo of Champagne
618:, Pepin conquered
438:King of the Franks
378:Rotrude of Hesbaye
165:King of the Franks
18:Pippin the Younger
3677:People from Liège
3652:Frankish warriors
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3451:Charles the Child
3393:Louis the Younger
3301:Louis II of Italy
3203:
3202:
3172:
3171:
3032:
3031:
2928:Hugh of Champagne
2783:
2782:
2744:Louis Philippe II
2667:(1804–1814; 1815)
2129:
2128:
2115:Succeeded by
1921:978-90-04-25199-1
1664:978-1-349-26924-2
1307:
1306:
1299:
1115:Donation of Pepin
979:
978:
595:Donation of Pepin
591:Patrician of Rome
482:. Pepin ruled in
405:
404:
297:(aged 53–54)
268:Merged into crown
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Pepin the Short"
16:(Redirected from
3694:
3536:
3491:
3490:
3458:Lothair the Lame
3422:Charles the Bald
3356:Louis the German
3275:
3274:
3260:
3216:
3215:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3045:
3044:
2946:
2893:Chlodulf of Metz
2881:
2880:
2835:* ≡ "brother of"
2810:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2738:Louis Philippe I
2729:House of Orléans
2691:House of Bourbon
2619:House of Bourbon
2155:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2098:Preceded by
2079:Preceded by
2055:Preceded by
2050:
2043:
2029:Pepin the Short
2025:
2024:
2020:
2012:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1925:
1912:Brill Publishers
1902:
1891:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1826:
1807:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1727:
1726:, pp. 67–69
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1409:Caribert of Laon
1302:
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1243:
1113:, the so-called
971:
964:
957:
934:Louis the German
922:Charles the Bald
903:Treaty of Verdun
795:Pepin of Herstal
789:Chlodulf of Metz
744:Pippin the Elder
729:
715:
714:
710:Odilo of Bavaria
603:Byzantine Greeks
546:Christian Church
532:
449:
444:to become king.
435:
432:
410:
401:
326:Bertrada of Laon
296:
293:24 September 768
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158:
157: 1112–1114
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3403:Charles the Fat
3401:
3391:
3375:Louis the Child
3359:
3350:
3331:
3325:
3317:
3309:Louis the Blind
3286:
3270:
3267:Louis the Pious
3261:
3252:
3223:
3210:
3199:
3168:
3157:
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3120:Louis the Pious
3080:
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2823:
2814:
2784:
2779:
2768:
2749:
2723:
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2659:
2613:
2588:
2515:House of Valois
2509:
2420:
2381:Charles the Fat
2340:Pepin the Short
2325:
2316:
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2191:
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1427:Pepin (756–762)
1394:
1303:
1292:
1286:
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1268:
1252:
1241:
1102:ducatus Romanus
1073:
1056:Pope Stephen II
991:
975:
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937:
925:
913:
906:
894:
893:
882:Louis the Pious
846:Pepin the Short
829:
819:
818:
791:(d. 696 or 697)
785:(d. 662 or 679)
772:
762:
761:
739:
673:Pepin's father
671:
652:Germanic tribes
526:
460:Christian monks
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344:
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135:Pepin the Short
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39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3282:Arnulf of Sens
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2426:House of Capet
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2287:Childebert III
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2076:
2075:
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2061:
2058:Charles Martel
2056:
2052:
2051:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2022:
1998:
1986:
1985:External links
1983:
1982:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1939:
1926:
1920:
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1892:
1878:
1865:
1856:
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1827:
1822:978-0754652748
1821:
1808:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1789:, p. 215.
1779:
1767:
1765:, p. 728.
1755:
1743:
1741:, p. 328.
1728:
1716:
1705:
1693:
1691:, p. 101.
1681:
1670:
1663:
1619:Collins, Roger
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1407:, daughter of
1393:
1390:
1321:in modern-day
1305:
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1117:, whereby the
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876:Pepin of Italy
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834:Charles Martel
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3020:Nibelung I →
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3012:Childebrand I
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1714:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1689:Schulman 2002
1685:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1604:9780367184582
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:New York City
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1564:, p. 133
1563:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1541:, p. 110
1540:
1535:
1529:, p. 65.
1528:
1523:
1517:
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1401:
1399:
1389:
1387:
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1379:
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1360:
1355:
1350:
1349:heavy cavalry
1345:
1343:
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1324:
1320:
1311:
1301:
1298:
1290:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1256:This section
1254:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1232:
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1226:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
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1120:
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1103:
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1057:
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1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:Childeric III
1000:
995:
986:
984:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
952:
950:
949:
941:
935:
932:
929:
923:
920:
917:
912:
909:
908:
904:
898:
897:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
831:
828:
823:
822:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
774:
771:
766:
765:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
738:
733:
732:
728:
724:
723:
720:
717:
716:
713:
711:
706:
704:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
666:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
570:
568:
564:
560:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
535:Childeric III
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:and his wife
453:
445:
443:
439:
428:
427:Pépin le Bref
424:
420:
416:
412:
400:
396:
392:
389:
386:
382:
379:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
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336:
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327:
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316:
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308:
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279:
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245:
242:
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234:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
184:
183:Childeric III
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
150:
143:
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3312:
3245:
3220:
3049:
3040:Carolingians
3021:
2985:
2898:
2887:
2821:Carolingians
2775:
2764:Napoleon III
2742:
2716:
2709:
2678:
2652:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2554:Charles VIII
2339:
2322:Carolingians
2307:Theuderic IV
2297:Chilperic II
2292:Dagobert III
2272:Childeric II
2267:Chlothar III
2212:Childebert I
2198:Merovingians
2106:
2087:
2072:
2063:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2006:
1979:. Routledge.
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1930:
1907:
1897:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1840:. Retrieved
1835:
1832:"Pippin III"
1812:
1803:
1796:Bibliography
1782:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1724:Ullmann 2013
1719:
1713:Kazhdan 1991
1708:
1701:Enright 1985
1696:
1684:
1678:Duckett 2022
1673:
1626:
1613:
1582:
1569:
1557:
1551:Duckett 2022
1546:
1534:
1522:
1516:Duckett 2022
1511:
1493:
1489:
1455:
1402:
1395:
1371:
1346:
1331:
1316:
1293:
1284:
1269:Please help
1257:
1233:
1217:
1170:
1119:Papal States
1100:
1094:
1065:
1058:traveled to
1041:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1010:Pope Zachary
1003:
982:
980:
940:East Francia
928:West Francia
845:
827:Carolingians
746:(c. 580–640)
707:
702:
699:
672:
656:
613:
606:
599:Papal States
590:
577:against the
571:
563:Pope Zachary
543:
533:by choosing
446:
407:
406:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3442:Carloman II
3209:Carolingian
3096:Charlemagne
3023:Nibelungids
2856:Carloman →
2757:(1852–1870)
2731:(1830–1848)
2700:Louis XVIII
2680:Napoleon II
2621:(1589–1792)
2599:(1422–1453)
2544:Charles VII
2517:(1328–1589)
2391:Charles III
2376:Carloman II
2352:(Charles I)
2350:Charlemagne
2302:Chlothar IV
2257:Sigebert II
2247:Chlothar II
2232:Chilperic I
2222:Charibert I
2118:Charlemagne
1815:. Ashgate.
1787:Tucker 2011
1627:Charlemagne
1459:Pronounced
1363:Scandinavia
1338:Charlemagne
1325:. His wife
1153:, the main
858:Charlemagne
801:Grimoald II
659:Charlemagne
614:In wars of
527: [
512:Aquitanians
442:Carolingian
358:Carolingian
338:Charlemagne
300:Saint-Denis
295:(768-09-24)
255:Predecessor
231:Charlemagne
218:Predecessor
193:Charlemagne
179:Predecessor
3647:768 deaths
3642:714 births
3636:Categories
3576:Lothair IV
3552:Lothair IV
3497:Robertians
3413:→ Adalbert
3385:Zwentibold
3319:Lothair II
2953:Grimoald I
2906:, his sons
2876:Arnulfings
2862:Grimoald I
2674:Napoleon I
2654:Louis XVII
2633:Louis XIII
2579:Charles IX
2574:Francis II
2539:Charles VI
2505:Charles IV
2480:Philip III
2470:Louis VIII
2435:Hugh Capet
2428:(987–1328)
2361:Charles II
2345:Carloman I
2327:Robertians
2252:Dagobert I
2237:Sigebert I
2217:Chlothar I
2123:Carloman I
1940:0582482089
1910:. Leiden:
1879:0195046528
1842:2022-09-29
1751:Lewis 2010
1739:Brown 1995
1562:R.H.C 1957
1527:Riché 1993
1504:References
1342:Carloman I
1287:April 2024
1177:Roussillon
1147:Ansemund's
1127:Septimania
1111:Pentapolis
914:(795–855;
901:After the
852:Carloman I
770:Arnulfings
628:Andalusian
620:Septimania
575:Stephen II
518:, and the
434: 714
342:Carloman I
284: 714
80:newspapers
3437:Louis III
3387:→ Godfrey
3305:Ermengard
3292:Lothair I
3137:Theoderic
3086:Pepin III
2986:Pepin III
2962:Theudoald
2900:Ansegisel
2849:Pippinids
2711:Louis XIX
2705:Charles X
2648:Louis XVI
2638:Louis XIV
2584:Henry III
2564:Francis I
2559:Louis XII
2534:Charles V
2524:Philip VI
2485:Philip IV
2465:Philip II
2460:Louis VII
2440:Robert II
2371:Louis III
2333:(751–987)
2282:Clovis IV
2262:Clovis II
2200:(509–751)
1997:catalogue
1595:Routledge
1539:Doig 2008
1433:(757–810)
1367:feudalism
1334:Salic law
1258:does not
1225:conquered
1201:Chantelle
1189:Aquitaine
1135:Maguelone
936:(804–876)
924:(823–877)
890:(797–838)
884:(778–840)
878:(773–810)
872:(772–811)
866:(768–811)
860:(742–814)
854:(751–771)
848:(714–768)
836:(686–741)
813:Theudoald
809:(670–708)
797:(635–714)
783:Ansegisel
779:(582–640)
752:(616–656)
737:Pippinids
695:monastery
622:from the
608:Patricius
508:Bavarians
504:Thuringia
500:Alemannia
496:Austrasia
411:the Short
394:Signature
265:Successor
241:Austrasia
228:Successor
189:Successor
3543:Louis IV
3515:Louis IV
3455:Carloman
3395:→ Louis
3367:Carloman
3346:Pepin II
3314:Bosonids
3192:Adalhard
3146:Carloman
3058:Carloman
3003:Remigius
2981:Carloman
2904:Pepin II
2643:Louis XV
2628:Henry IV
2569:Henry II
2549:Louis XI
2500:Philip V
2475:Louis IX
2455:Louis VI
2450:Philip I
2406:Louis IV
2396:Robert I
2366:Louis II
2331:Bosonids
2207:Clovis I
2093:747–751
2082:Carloman
2069:741–751
1888:22733550
1621:(1998).
1577:(2019).
1422:Carloman
1405:Bertrada
1327:Bertrada
1229:Bordeaux
1221:Toulouse
1197:Clermont
1181:Toulouse
1151:Narbonne
1109:and the
1081:Narbonne
1052:Soissons
1039:in 753.
1024:Lombards
842:(d. 754)
840:Carloman
815:(d. 741)
803:(d. 714)
758:(d. 662)
750:Grimoald
687:besieged
679:Carloman
663:Carloman
648:Germania
641:and his
579:Lombards
520:Alemanni
492:Provence
488:Burgundy
484:Neustria
480:Carloman
384:Religion
259:Carloman
204:Neustria
3618:Charles
3585:Louis V
3556:Charles
3486:Francia
3467:Charles
3407:Bernard
3337:Pepin I
3327:Charles
3238:Bernard
3196:Bernhar
3178:Bernard
3124:Lothair
2996:Bernard
2932:Godfrey
2858:Pepin I
2776:italics
2718:Henry V
2529:John II
2490:Louis X
2445:Henry I
2416:Louis V
2411:Lothair
2401:Rudolph
2356:Louis I
2227:Guntram
1993:in the
1639:Toronto
1631:Buffalo
1416:Charles
1359:Germany
1279:removed
1264:sources
1209:Thouars
1205:Bourges
1193:Bourbon
1173:Waiofar
1162:Muslims
1159:Iberian
1155:Umayyad
1139:Beziers
1129:(i.e.,
1107:Ravenna
1097:Aistulf
639:Waiofar
631:Muslims
624:Umayyad
476:Francia
466:, near
462:of the
456:Rotrude
419:Pipinus
353:Dynasty
250:747–751
213:741–751
94:scholar
3602:, sons
3590:Arnulf
3578:, sons
3545:, sons
3525:Rorico
3519:Arnulf
3508:, sons
3411:Ratold
3380:Ratold
3371:Arnulf
3294:, sons
3211:Empire
3180:, sons
3098:, sons
3088:, sons
3000:Jerome
2974:, sons
2924:Arnulf
2918:, sons
2495:John I
2045:
1937:
1918:
1886:
1876:
1819:
1661:
1637:, and
1635:London
1601:
1587:London
1494:Pippin
1490:Peppin
1431:Gisela
1398:Danube
1392:Family
1386:Europe
1382:Franks
1374:Franks
1354:France
1239:Legacy
1213:Gascon
1166:in 759
643:Gascon
550:Papacy
516:Saxons
502:, and
490:, and
423:French
374:Mother
364:Father
346:Gisela
322:Spouse
310:Burial
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3614:Louis
3567:Henry
3559:Louis
3522:Drogo
3464:Pepin
3461:Drogo
3339:, son
3231:, son
3229:Pepin
3165:Pepin
3154:Pepin
3148:, son
3128:Drogo
3115:Pepin
3067:Drogo
3060:, son
3037:Early
3014:, son
2991:Grifo
2955:, son
2935:Pepin
2916:Drogo
2840:Begga
2047:Died:
2040:Born:
1447:Notes
1131:Nîmes
1123:Rhone
1060:Paris
905:(843)
683:Grifo
583:Italy
567:Drogo
559:Grifo
531:]
468:Paris
448:Pepin
415:Latin
409:Pepin
333:Issue
247:Reign
210:Reign
171:Reign
101:JSTOR
87:books
3609:Otto
3484:West
3426:sons
3399:Hugh
3390:Otto
3360:sons
3323:Hugh
3271:sons
3187:Wala
3133:Hugh
2819:and
2329:and
1935:ISBN
1916:ISBN
1884:OCLC
1874:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1589:and
1378:Rome
1361:and
1340:and
1262:any
1260:cite
1223:was
1207:and
1185:Albi
1183:and
1143:Agde
1141:and
691:Laon
661:and
626:and
548:and
290:Died
277:Born
73:news
2386:Odo
2120:and
2049:768
2042:714
1651:doi
1492:or
1273:by
689:in
581:in
239:of
202:of
56:by
3638::
3435:→
3405:→
3373:→
3369:→
3321:→
3311:→
3307:→
3303:→
3244:→
3240:→
2902:→
2891:→
2864:→
2860:→
2015:.
2005:.
1914:.
1882:.
1834:.
1731:^
1657:.
1641::
1633:,
1629:.
1625:.
1593::
1581:.
1388:.
1344:.
1231:.
1203:,
1199:,
1195:,
1137:,
1133:,
705:.
611:.
529:fr
514:,
510:,
498:,
486:,
431:c.
429:;
425::
421:;
417::
302:,
281:c.
154:c.
152:,
3424:,
3358:,
3269:,
2809:e
2802:t
2795:v
2778:.
2324:,
2154:e
2147:t
2140:v
2021:.
2019:.
2013:)
1943:.
1924:.
1890:.
1845:.
1825:.
1667:.
1653::
1645:/
1607:.
1496:.
1484:/
1481:n
1478:ɪ
1475:p
1472:ɛ
1469:p
1466:ˈ
1463:/
1300:)
1294:(
1289:)
1285:(
1281:.
1267:.
970:e
963:t
956:v
942:)
938:(
930:)
926:(
918:)
413:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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