900:
820:
701:
115:
299:
919:
908:
42:
70:
362:
1063:
835:. They are hoping to increase the longleaf pine forest type to 44,700 acres (181 km) by 2017 and 53,500 acres (217 km) in the long term. In addition to longleaf restoration, prescribed burning will enhance the endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers' preferred habitat of open, park-like stands, provide habitat for wildlife dependent on grass-shrub habitat, which is very limited, and reduce the risk of damaging wildfires.
92:
757:
2130:
718:
the already porous soils. This further destroyed the natural seeding process. At the peak of the timber cutting in the 1890s and first decade of the new century, the longleaf pine forests of the
Sandhills were providing millions of board feet of timber each year. The timber cutters gradually moved across the South; by the 1920s, most of the "limitless" virgin longleaf pine forests were gone.
869:. The preserve was established by M.C. Davis, a wealthy philanthropist who made his fortune buying and selling land and mineral rights, and who has spent $ 90 million purchasing land for the preserve, primarily from timber companies. One of its main goals is the restoration of longleaf pine forest, to which end he has had 8 million longleaf pine seedlings planted on the land.
625:. New seedlings do not appear at all tree-like and resemble a dark-green fountain of needles. This form is called the grass stage. During this stage, which lasts for 5–12 years, vertical growth is very slow, and the tree may take a number of years simply to grow ankle high. After that, it has a growth spurt, especially if it is in a
808:: 200,000+ ha) have nearby lands that offer the potential to expand the total protected territory for each area to well beyond 500,000 ha. These areas would provide the opportunity not only to restore forest stands, but also to restore populations of native plants and animals threatened by landscape fragmentation.
613:) and dependent on fire. Their thick bark and growth habits help to provide a tolerance to fire. Periodic natural wildfire and anthropogenic fires select for this species by removing competition and exposing bare soil for successful germination of seeds. The lack of medium-tall trees (called a midstory
708:
Before
European settlement, longleaf pine forest dominated as much as 90,000,000 acres (360,000 km) stretching from Virginia south to Florida and west to East Texas. Its range was defined by the frequent widespread fires that were lit by humans and occurred naturally throughout the southeast. In
1456:
Peet, R. K. and D. J Allard. 1993. Longleaf pine vegetation of the southern
Atlantic and eastern Gulf coast regions: a preliminary classification. pp. 45–81. In S. M. Hermann (ed.) Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. No. 18. The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem: Ecology, Restoration, and
717:
As they stripped the woods of their trees, loggers left mounds of flammable debris that frequently fueled catastrophic fires, destroying both the remaining trees and seedlings. The exposed earth left behind by clear-cutting operations was highly susceptible to erosion, and nutrients were washed from
846:
and coastal plain. The region is characterized by deep, infertile sands deposited by a prehistoric sea, with generally arid conditions. By the 1930s, most of the native longleaf had been logged, and the land was heavily eroded. Between 1935 and 1939, the federal government purchased large portions
595:
978:, and for urban and suburban development. Due to this deforestation and overharvesting, only about 3% of the original longleaf pine forest remains, and little new is planted. Longleaf pine is available, however, at many nurseries within its range; the southernmost known point of sale is in
424:), are initiated during the growing season before buds emerge. Pollen cones begin forming in their buds in July, while seed conelets are formed during a relatively short period of time in August. Pollination occurs early the following spring, with the male cones 3–8 cm (
815:
in the central
Piedmont region of North Carolina. These have survived owing to relative inaccessibility, and in one instance, intentional protection in the 20th century by a private landowner (a property now owned and conserved by the LandTrust for Central North Carolina).
341:. It reaches a height of 30–35 m (98–115 ft) and a diameter of 0.7 m (28 in). In the past, before extensive logging, they reportedly grew to 47 m (154 ft) with a diameter of 1.2 m (47 in). The tree is a cultural symbol of the
629:
or no tree canopy is above it. In the grass stage, it is very resistant to low intensity fires because the terminal bud is protected from lethal heating by the tightly packed needles. While relatively immune to fire at this stage, the plant is quite appealing to
783:
Longleaf Pine
Initiative. Similar programs are available through most state forestry agencies in the longleaf's native range. In August 2009, the Alabama Forestry Commission received $ 1.757 million in stimulus money to restore longleaf pines in state forests.
859:. At first, restoration of forest cover was the goal. Fire suppression was practiced until the 1960s, when prescribed fire was introduced on both the state forest and the Sandhills NWR as part of the restoration of the longleaf/wiregrass ecosystem.
1475:
Means, D. Bruce. 2006. Vertebrate faunal diversity in longleaf pine savannas. Pages 155-213 in S. Jose, E. Jokela and D. Miller (eds.) Longleaf Pine
Ecosystems: Ecology, Management and Restoration. Springer, New York. xii + 438
709:
the late 19th century, these virgin timber stands were "among the most sought-after timber trees in the country." This rich ecosystem now has been relegated to less than 5% of its presettlement range due to fire suppression and
1014:
The stumps and taproots of old trees become saturated with resin and will not rot. Farmers sometimes find old buried stumps in fields, even in some that were cleared a century ago, and these usually are dug up and sold as
787:
Four large core areas within the range of the species provide the opportunity to protect the biological diversity of the coastal plain and to restore wilderness areas east of the
Mississippi River. Each of these four
771:
Efforts are being made to restore longleaf pine ecosystems within its natural range. Some groups such as the
Longleaf Alliance are actively promoting research, education, and management of the longleaf pine.
1027:
is often saturated in the same way. When boards are cut from the fat lighter wood, they are very heavy and will not rot, but buildings constructed of them are quite flammable and make extremely hot fires.
888:
1466:
Keddy, P.A., L. Smith, D.R. Campbell, M. Clark and G. Montz. 2006. Patterns of herbaceous plant diversity in southeastern
Louisiana pine savannas. Applied Vegetation Science 9:17-26.
409:
in a cove near
Rockingham, North Carolina, have needles up to 24 inches (61 centimeters ) in length. It is one of the two Southeastern U.S. pines with long needles, the other being
1536:
851:. These landowners were resettled on more fertile land elsewhere. Today, the South Carolina Sand Hills State Forest comprises about half of the acreage, and half is owned by the
641:. They are well-documented for their high levels of plant diversity, in groups including sedges, grasses, carnivorous plants, and orchids. These forests also provide habitat for
1350:
Longleaf pine in both the virgin forest and second growth is characteristically a tree of pure stand—one in which 80 per cent or more of the trees are of a single species.
1182:
1774:
1001:
were very wide, up to 1 m (3.3 ft), and a thriving salvage business obtains these boards from demolition projects to be reused as flooring in upscale homes.
373:
are dark green and needle-like, and occur in bundles of mainly three, sometimes two or four, especially in seedlings. They often are twisted and 20–45 centimetres (
744:, etc., covering the ground in garden style. Here I sauntered in delightful freedom, meeting none of the cat-clawed vines, or shrubs, of the alluvial bottoms.
688:
of Florida and Georgia is home to some of the best-preserved stands of longleaf pines. These forests have been burned regularly for many decades to encourage
1693:
880:
553:–10 feet) long; by maturity, they have a wide spreading lateral root system with several deep 'sinker' roots. They grow on well-drained, usually sandy
1362:
Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Craig Tufts; Daniel Mathews; Gil Nelson; Spellenberg, Richard; Thieret, John W.; Terry Purinton; Block, Andrew (2008).
872:
A 2009 study by the National Wildlife Federation says that longleaf pine forests will be particularly well adapted to environmental changes caused by
1667:
452: in) long. The female (seed) cones mature in about 20 months from pollination; when mature, they are yellow-brown in color, 15–25 cm (6–
2394:
337:. In this area it is also known as "yellow pine" or "long leaf yellow pine", although it is properly just one out of a number of species termed
1565:
Keddy, P.A. 2009. Thinking big: A conservation vision for the Southeastern coastal plain of North America. Southeastern Naturalist 8: 213-226.
2446:
1903:
582:
is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat. The scientific name meaning "of marshes" is a misunderstanding on the part of
1019:, "fat lighter", or "lighter wood", which is in demand as kindling for fireplaces, wood stoves, and barbecue pits. In old-growth pine, the
634:; the early settlers' habit of releasing swine into the woodlands to feed may have been partly responsible for the decline of the species.
856:
1720:
2043:
1081:
2495:
2562:
2342:
2107:
1544:
1799:
1212:
2407:
2355:
1644:
852:
732:" most of the day. Low, level, sandy tracts; the pines wide apart; the sunny spaces between full of beautiful abounding grasses,
1190:
780:
1051:". The state tree of North Carolina is officially designated as simply "pine", under which this and seven other species fall.
1829:
1371:
1311:
1284:
939:
622:
349:. This particular species is one of the eight pine tree species that falls under the "Pine" designation as the state tree of
1962:
1885:
1855:
2597:
2412:
1575:
2567:
884:
535:
Longleaf pine takes 100 to 150 years to become full size and may live to be 500 years old. When young, they grow a long
2592:
2582:
1746:
114:
2134:
74:
2451:
2381:
1157:
99:
17:
1697:
838:
Since the 1960s, longleaf restoration has been ongoing on almost 95,000 acres of state and federal land in the
828:
561:
or longleaf yellow pine, and in the past as pitch pine (a name dropped as it caused confusion with pitch pine,
557:, characteristically in pure stands. Longleaf pine also is known as being one of several species grouped as a
2513:
645:, which as keystone species, dig burrows that provide habitat for hundreds of other species of animals. The
2334:
2308:
1946:
793:
2233:
2587:
2215:
1048:
848:
704:
Old growth longleaf pine stand, scorched by fire (top); longleaf pine stand after timber removal (bottom)
2087:
Direct Seeding Southern Pines: History and Status of a Technique Developed for Restoring Cutover Forests
1303:
Illustrated Book of Trees: The Comprehensive Field Guide to More than 250 Trees of Eastern North America
779:
offers cost-sharing and technical assistance to private landowners for longleaf restoration through the
2577:
2508:
2360:
1044:
832:
599:
322:
2461:
2186:
979:
2295:
1040:
843:
812:
246:
2438:
1911:
1135:
2500:
2329:
2321:
2259:
1076:
805:
801:
646:
494: in), and have a small, but sharp, downward-pointing spine on the middle of each scale. The
2108:"Cross City: Turpentine Camp—Visit to Aycock & Lindsey Turpentine Camp, Cross City, Florida"
1343:
586:, who described the species, after seeing longleaf pine forests with temporary winter flooding.
2399:
2303:
2148:
827:
The United States Forest Service is conducting prescribed burning programs in the 258,864-acre
761:
342:
1636:
1388:
1301:
1274:
1004:
The extremely long needles are popular for use in the ancient craft of coiled basket making.
662:
273:
230:
2474:
2047:
2425:
2267:
1622:
839:
789:
558:
922:
Mature longleaf pine tree with a prolific number of female cones. Lake City, Florida, 1929
8:
650:
59:
2487:
2197:
2044:"North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service - Reforestation of North Carolina's Pines"
2534:
2316:
2103:
1807:
1487:
866:
109:
2063:
2469:
2241:
1367:
1307:
1280:
862:
214:
1431:
1361:
1220:
1112:
2539:
2246:
2007:
1130:
1086:
966:. They have been cutover since for timber and usually replaced with faster-growing
819:
685:
614:
2220:
2022:
700:
1751:
1436:
Longleaf Pine: Its Use, Ecology, Regeneration, Protection, Growth, and Management
971:
642:
410:
1405:
631:
2572:
2482:
1927:
1068:
1024:
931:
927:
873:
689:
402:
350:
139:
2207:
1694:"Restoring roots of Southeast: Environmental benefits, quality of wood touted"
2556:
2420:
2171:
1604:
1121:
967:
935:
710:
583:
420:, both female seed cones (ovulate strobili) and male pollen cones (staminate
289:
79:
1438:. Washington, D.C.: Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation. pp. 57–67
918:
298:
2526:
1668:"Gambler-Turned-Conservationist Devotes Fortune To Florida Nature Preserve"
1393:
729:
638:
626:
563:
417:
2090:. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Research Station
865:
is a 53,000-acre private nature preserve located around 100 miles east of
2433:
2368:
2180:
1696:. The (Charleston, SC) Post and Courier. 12 December 2009. Archived from
1090:
975:
765:
338:
2024:
The Forests, Forest Lands, and Forest Products of Eastern North Carolina
907:
2347:
2012:
1995:
1830:"North Carolina General Statutes - § 149-2|"A Toast" to North Carolina"
1043:
of Alabama. It is referenced by name in the first line of the official
947:
926:
Vast forests of longleaf pine once were present along the southeastern
899:
797:
670:
326:
152:
41:
677:
species are characteristic of pine savannas, along with 56 species of
2373:
2280:
2085:
1020:
994:
749:
606:
361:
2142:
1248:
2521:
2165:
1511:
1276:
America's Ancient Forests: From the Ice Age to the Age of Discovery
955:
737:
666:
610:
421:
330:
192:
2386:
2285:
1364:
National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
594:
2254:
1016:
942:. These forests were the source of naval stores –
847:
of this area from local landowners as a relief measure under the
741:
733:
678:
576:
536:
346:
334:
182:
172:
162:
1389:
A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins
657:
are large and nutritious, forming a significant food source for
2272:
2228:
2129:
1747:"The 'brown gold' that falls from pine trees in North Carolina"
1721:"Native pine tree species to be restored in Southeast Virginia"
998:
990:
951:
756:
681:, 13 of which could be considered specialists on this habitat.
618:
1979:
1331:. Chapel Hill, No. Carol.: Univ. No. Carol. Press. p. 19.
1008:
943:
126:
1537:"Stimulus to fund repopulation of longleaf pines in Alabama"
1219:. Alabama Department of Archives and History. Archived from
1213:"Official Emblems and Symbols, Tree, Southern Longleaf Pine"
695:
1104:
986:
963:
959:
823:
Longleaf pine saplings post-burn, all trees are still alive
776:
674:
658:
654:
554:
495:
370:
318:
202:
1902:
Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences.
1576:"Fiscal Year 2006 Monitoring and Evaluation Annual Report"
1432:"Chapter 4: Role of Fire in Regeneration of Longleaf Pine"
1031:
The seeds of the longleaf pine are edible raw or roasted.
1637:"Refuge to Begin Conducting Prescribed Burns in February"
1327:
Coker, William C. Ph.D.; Totten, Henry R. Ph.D. (1945).
1948:
Pinus palustris in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
722:— Jerry Simmons, "ASLC Large Operation from Beginnings"
1856:"North Carolina General Statutes - § 145-3|State tree"
883:
announced a plan to reintroduce longleaf pines to the
1341:
1272:
1058:
887:, with seedlings propagated from cones collected at
1457:
Management. Florida: Tall Timbers Research Station.
1299:
903:
Men shown harvesting resin from longleaf pine trees
1512:"Longleaf Pine Forests and Longleaf Alliance Home"
1205:
881:Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
1901:
1788:(4): 13 – via Florida Native Plant Society.
1585:. United States Forest Service. 26 September 2007
1345:The Yield of Douglas Fir in the Pacific Northwest
369:The bark is thick, reddish-brown, and scaly. The
2554:
1504:
1047:. Also, the state's highest honor is named the "
811:Notable eccentric populations exist within the
649:is dependent on mature pine forests and is now
1772:
1529:
1773:Deuerling, Dick; Lantz, Peggy (Winter 1990).
1348:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 5.
1266:
1136:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T39068A2886222.en
598:Longleaf pine: 'grass stage' seedling, near
2068:Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge
1326:
857:Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge
653:as a result of this decline. Longleaf pine
1996:"The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem of the South"
1446:– via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
1429:
1335:
1110:
1082:Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge
889:South Quay Sandhills Natural Area Preserve
297:
90:
68:
40:
2011:
1659:
1629:
1355:
1134:
696:Native range, restoration, and protection
1293:
1273:Thomas M. Bonnicksen (7 February 2000).
917:
906:
898:
818:
760:Naturally regenerated longleaf pines in
755:
699:
692:habitat in private hunting plantations.
593:
518: in) long, with a 25–40 mm (1–
480: in) broad, opening to 12 cm (
360:
2102:
2083:
1993:
1804:Official Symbols and Emblems of Alabama
1744:
1645:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1485:
853:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
14:
2555:
1718:
1488:"ASLC Large Operation from Beginnings"
1279:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 234.
1242:
1240:
1238:
1007:Annual sales of pine straw for use as
842:region of South Carolina, between the
333:, extending into northern and central
2147:
2146:
1665:
325:, found along the coastal plain from
2462:c92b7560-588c-4ce6-a773-61209c187e12
2020:
1300:William Carey Grimm (1 March 2002).
1249:"State Tree of North Carolina: Pine"
1246:
1175:
2064:"Longleaf pine/wiregrass ecosystem"
1235:
1122:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
997:. Boards cut years ago from virgin
885:Dendron Swamp Natural Area Preserve
466: in) long, and 5–7 cm (2–
345:, being the official state tree of
24:
1878:
1745:Frankel, Todd C. (31 March 2021).
1366:. New York: Sterling. p. 75.
1039:The longleaf pine is the official
1011:were estimated at $ 200M in 2021.
637:Longleaf pine forests are rich in
25:
2609:
2122:
1719:Harlow, Katelyn (7 August 2023).
2563:IUCN Red List endangered species
2514:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263186-1
2128:
2046:. 14 August 2007. Archived from
1623:"Carolina Sandhills NWR History"
1329:Trees of the Southeastern States
1306:. Stackpole Books. p. 181.
1061:
113:
2037:eastern north carolina forests.
1848:
1822:
1792:
1766:
1738:
1712:
1686:
1666:Block, Melissa (17 June 2015).
1615:
1597:
1568:
1559:
1479:
1469:
1460:
1450:
1423:
1398:
1380:
539:, which usually is 2–3 metres (
2021:Ashe, William Willard (1897).
1583:Francis Marion National Forest
1342:Richard Edwin McArdle (1930).
1320:
1150:
829:Francis Marion National Forest
617:) leads to open longleaf pine
365:Close up of longleaf pine bark
356:
13:
1:
1928:"Pinus palustris description"
1904:"Bioimages - Pinus palustris"
1097:
1994:Outcalt, Kenneth W. (2000).
1887:"A Toast" to North Carolina.
954: – needed by
794:Apalachicola National Forest
570:
401:inches) in length. A local
7:
2598:Taxa named by Philip Miller
2117:– via Florida Memory.
1054:
1049:Order of the Long Leaf Pine
849:Resettlement Administration
10:
2614:
2568:NatureServe secure species
2084:Barnett, James P. (2014).
1158:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1045:North Carolina State Toast
1034:
833:Charleston, South Carolina
600:Georgetown, South Carolina
589:
323:Southeastern United States
2593:Symbols of North Carolina
2583:Trees of Northern America
2155:
1430:Wahlenberg, W.G. (1946).
1183:"Longleaf Pine Range Map"
980:Lake Worth Beach, Florida
296:
279:
272:
110:Scientific classification
108:
88:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1800:"Southern Longleaf Pine"
1386:Archibald William Smith
1162:explorer.natureserve.org
813:Uwharrie National Forest
605:Longleaf pine is highly
1932:The Gymnosperm Database
1486:Simmons, Jerry (2009).
1406:"Longleaf Pine Forests"
1077:Longleaf pine ecosystem
894:
806:De Soto National Forest
647:red-cockaded woodpecker
27:Species of plant (tree)
923:
915:
904:
824:
768:
762:DeSoto National Forest
754:
725:
705:
602:
366:
343:Southern United States
321:species native to the
2000:Native Plants Journal
1672:All Things Considered
1247:Case, Steven (2011).
1187:The Longleaf Alliance
985:The yellow, resinous
921:
910:
902:
831:, located outside of
822:
759:
726:
715:
703:
663:brown-headed nuthatch
597:
498:are 7–9 millimetres (
364:
2139:at Wikimedia Commons
1217:archives.alabama.gov
1129:: e.T39068A2886222.
1093:and longleaf species
790:Eglin Air Force Base
559:southern yellow pine
2104:Hurston, Zora Neale
1541:The Birmingham News
1193:on 25 November 2015
1111:Farjon, A. (2013).
1089:, a hybrid between
60:Conservation status
2588:Symbols of Alabama
2013:10.3368/npj.1.1.42
1410:www.nclongleaf.org
924:
916:
905:
874:climate disruption
867:Pensacola, Florida
825:
769:
736:, long, wand-like
706:
603:
367:
2578:Vulnerable plants
2550:
2549:
2470:Open Tree of Life
2149:Taxon identifiers
2133:Media related to
1605:"SCFC Sand Hills"
1547:on 6 October 2012
1516:Longleaf Alliance
1373:978-1-4027-3875-3
1313:978-0-8117-4164-4
1286:978-0-471-13622-4
1223:on 18 August 2014
938:, as part of the
863:Nokuse Plantation
305:
304:
265:P. palustris
103:
83:
16:(Redirected from
2605:
2543:
2542:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2516:
2504:
2503:
2491:
2490:
2478:
2477:
2465:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2442:
2441:
2429:
2428:
2416:
2415:
2403:
2402:
2390:
2389:
2377:
2376:
2364:
2363:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2276:
2275:
2263:
2262:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2144:
2143:
2132:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2015:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1910:. Archived from
1898:
1897:
1895:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1806:. Archived from
1796:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1690:
1684:
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1679:
1663:
1657:
1656:
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1641:
1633:
1627:
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1619:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1543:. Archived from
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1448:
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1198:
1189:. Archived from
1179:
1173:
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1170:
1168:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1108:
1087:Sonderegger pine
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:
940:eastern savannas
855:as the adjacent
686:Red Hills Region
643:gopher tortoises
552:
551:
547:
544:
532: in) wing.
531:
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2367:
2359:
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2341:
2333:
2328:
2322:Pinus palustris
2320:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2234:pinus-palustris
2232:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2194:
2187:Pinus palustris
2185:
2184:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2157:Pinus palustris
2151:
2136:Pinus palustris
2125:
2112:
2110:
2106:(August 1939).
2093:
2091:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2050:on 12 July 1997
2042:
2030:
2028:
1984:
1982:
1978:
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1968:
1961:
1953:
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1936:
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1926:
1917:
1915:
1893:
1891:
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1881:
1879:Further reading
1876:
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1823:
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1757:
1755:
1752:Washington Post
1743:
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1713:
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1701:
1700:on 9 April 2010
1692:
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1164:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1115:Pinus palustris
1109:
1105:
1100:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1037:
912:Pinus palustris
897:
804:: 289,000+ ha;
796:: 228,000+ ha;
792:: 187,000+ ha;
698:
673:species and 26
592:
573:
549:
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314:Pinus palustris
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283:Pinus palustris
281:
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112:
104:
95:
91:
84:
73:
69:
62:
51:Pinus palustris
49:Longleaf pine (
28:
23:
22:
18:Pinus palustris
15:
12:
11:
5:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
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2540:wfo-0000481804
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2124:
2123:External links
2121:
2120:
2119:
2100:
2080:
2079:
2060:
2040:
2018:
1991:
1980:"Tall Timbers"
1976:
1967:, January 1963
1959:
1943:
1924:
1914:on 7 June 2011
1899:
1890:, January 1957
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1847:
1821:
1810:on 1 June 2019
1791:
1775:"Nuts to You!"
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690:bobwhite quail
609:(resistant to
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35:Longleaf pine
26:
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2019:
2014:
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1966:
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1960:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1913:
1909:
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1900:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1861:
1860:www.ncleg.net
1857:
1851:
1835:
1834:www.ncleg.net
1831:
1825:
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1805:
1801:
1795:
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1411:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1392:, p. 258, at
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1010:
1005:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
968:loblolly pine
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:North America
933:
929:
920:
913:
909:
901:
892:
890:
886:
882:
879:In 2023, the
877:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
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854:
850:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
821:
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799:
795:
791:
785:
782:
778:
773:
767:
763:
758:
751:
747:
746:
745:
743:
742:saw palmettos
739:
735:
731:
721:
720:
719:
714:
712:
711:clear-cutting
702:
693:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:(notably the
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
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633:
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624:
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612:
608:
601:
596:
587:
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584:Philip Miller
581:
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363:
354:
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348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
309:longleaf pine
300:
295:
291:
286:
284:
278:
275:
274:Binomial name
271:
267:
266:
261:
258:
257:
254:
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168:
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145:
144:
141:
140:Tracheophytes
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
116:
111:
107:
101:
87:
81:
76:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2156:
2135:
2111:. Retrieved
2092:. Retrieved
2086:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:the original
2036:
2029:. Retrieved
2027:. J. Daniels
2023:
2006:(1): 42–53.
2003:
1999:
1983:. Retrieved
1969:, retrieved
1963:
1952:, retrieved
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:the original
1907:
1892:, retrieved
1886:
1864:. Retrieved
1859:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1833:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:the original
1803:
1794:
1785:
1782:The Palmetto
1781:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1750:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:the original
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1671:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1643:
1631:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1582:
1570:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1545:the original
1540:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1481:
1471:
1462:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1435:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1400:
1394:Google Books
1387:
1382:
1363:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1302:
1295:
1275:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1227:16 September
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1216:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1191:the original
1186:
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1126:
1120:
1114:
1106:
1038:
1030:
1013:
1006:
1003:
989:is used for
984:
925:
911:
878:
871:
861:
837:
826:
810:
786:
774:
770:
730:pine barrens
727:
716:
707:
683:
665:) and other
639:biodiversity
636:
604:
579:
575:The species
574:
564:Pinus rigida
562:
534:
415:
407:P. palustris
406:
368:
329:to southern
313:
312:
308:
306:
282:
280:
264:
263:
251:
247:
243:Subsection:
235:
231:
219:
215:
203:
153:Gymnospermae
146:
133:
50:
29:
2488:kew-2562456
2434:NatureServe
2369:iNaturalist
2181:Wikispecies
1704:12 December
1651:14 December
1551:1 September
1197:25 November
1142:19 November
976:agriculture
766:Mississippi
713:practices:
357:Description
339:yellow pine
100:NatureServe
2557:Categories
2483:Plant List
1964:State tree
1496:28 October
1098:References
1041:state tree
972:slash pine
962:for their
948:turpentine
932:Gulf Coast
930:coast and
798:Okefenokee
671:salamander
651:endangered
632:feral pigs
607:pyrophytic
411:slash pine
327:East Texas
211:Subgenus:
159:Division:
75:Endangered
2335:200005348
2309:200005348
2113:20 August
1908:Bioimages
1442:20 August
1415:2 October
1021:heartwood
956:merchants
840:sandhills
750:John Muir
580:palustris
571:Etymology
259:Species:
252:Australes
250:subsect.
236:Trifoliae
227:Section:
173:Pinopsida
163:Pinophyta
123:Kingdom:
53:) forest
2527:24900204
2522:Tropicos
2439:2.152746
2400:11303870
2387:263186-1
2166:Wikidata
1866:28 April
1840:28 April
1167:28 March
1091:loblolly
1055:See also
958:and the
928:Atlantic
914:close-up
844:piedmont
738:solidago
679:reptiles
667:wildlife
623:savannas
611:wildfire
422:strobili
331:Virginia
193:Pinaceae
189:Family:
80:IUCN 3.1
2348:5285816
2255:Ecocrop
2172:Q148542
2094:27 July
2073:4 April
2054:4 April
2031:4 April
1985:4 April
1971:4 April
1954:4 April
1937:4 April
1918:4 April
1894:4 April
1814:4 April
1758:1 April
1730:22 July
1678:18 June
1589:16 June
1521:4 April
1253:NCPedia
1035:Culture
1023:of the
1017:fatwood
802:Osceola
734:liatris
669:. Nine
619:forests
590:Ecology
577:epithet
548:⁄
537:taproot
527:⁄
513:⁄
503:⁄
489:⁄
475:⁄
461:⁄
447:⁄
433:⁄
396:⁄
382:⁄
347:Alabama
335:Florida
317:) is a
199:Genus:
183:Pinales
179:Order:
169:Class:
127:Plantae
98: (
96:Secure
78: (
2496:PLANTS
2475:351667
2459:NZOR:
2296:pinpal
2293:FEIS:
2273:323452
2229:ARKive
2221:205619
2195:AoFP:
1862:. 1963
1836:. 1957
1370:
1310:
1283:
1258:6 July
999:timber
991:lumber
974:, for
952:timber
950:, and
615:canopy
371:leaves
234:sect.
218:subg.
2573:Pinus
2501:PIPA2
2452:46836
2426:39068
2413:18038
2395:IRMNG
2374:81901
2361:28518
2317:FoAO2
2286:PIUPA
2247:4J2DX
2205:APA:
1778:(PDF)
1725:8News
1674:. NPR
1640:(PDF)
1579:(PDF)
1491:(PDF)
1009:mulch
964:ships
944:resin
659:birds
655:seeds
496:seeds
418:cones
290:Mill.
220:Pinus
204:Pinus
147:Clade
134:Clade
2509:POWO
2447:NCBI
2421:IUCN
2408:ITIS
2382:IPNI
2356:GRIN
2343:GBIF
2281:EPPO
2260:2542
2216:APNI
2198:3905
2115:2023
2096:2014
2075:2009
2056:2009
2033:2009
1987:2009
1973:2009
1956:2009
1939:2009
1920:2009
1896:2009
1868:2022
1842:2022
1816:2009
1760:2021
1732:2024
1706:2009
1680:2015
1653:2011
1591:2009
1553:2009
1523:2009
1498:2019
1444:2023
1417:2020
1368:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1260:2020
1229:2020
1199:2015
1169:2022
1144:2021
1127:2013
1025:bole
995:pulp
993:and
987:wood
970:and
960:navy
895:Uses
781:NRCS
777:USDA
775:The
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