My Lai massacre - Knowledge

1847:– Photographer; Information Office, 11th Brigade; was attached to Charlie Company. Then SGT Haeberle carried two Army issued black and white cameras for official photos and his own personal camera containing color slide film. He submitted the black and white photos as part of the report on the operation to brigade authorities. By his own testimony at the Courts Martial, he admitted that official photographs generally did not include soldiers committing the killings and generally avoided identifying the individual perpetrators, while his personal color camera contained a few images of soldiers killing elderly men, women of various ages and children. Haeberle also testified that he destroyed most of the color slides which incriminated individual soldiers on the basis that he believed it was unfair to place the blame only on these individuals when many more were equally guilty. He gave his color images to his hometown newspaper, 1113:, then a 31-year-old Army major serving as an assistant chief of staff of operations for the Americal Division, was charged with investigating the letter, which did not specifically refer to Mỹ Lai, as Glen had limited knowledge of the events there. In his report, Powell wrote, "In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between Americal Division soldiers and the Vietnamese people are excellent." A 2018 U.S. Army case study of the massacre noted that Powell "investigated the allegations described in the letter. He proved unable to uncover either wide-spread unnecessary killings, war crimes, or any facts related to My Lai ..." Powell's handling of the assignment was later characterized by some observers as "whitewashing" the atrocities of Mỹ Lai. 1382:(VWCWG) investigated alleged atrocities which were committed against South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops and created a secret archive of some 9,000 pages which documents 320 alleged incidents from 1967 to 1971 including 7 massacres in which at least 137 civilians died; 78 additional attacks targeting noncombatants in which at least 57 were killed, 56 were wounded and 15 were sexually assaulted; and 141 incidents of U.S. soldiers torturing civilian detainees or prisoners of war. 203 U.S. personnel were charged with crimes, 57 of them were court-martialed and 23 of them were convicted. The VWCWG also investigated over 500 additional alleged atrocities but it could not verify them. 956:, a helicopter pilot from Company B (Aero-Scouts), 123rd Aviation Battalion, Americal Division, saw dead and wounded civilians as he was flying over the village of Sơn Mỹ, providing close-air support for ground forces. The crew made several attempts to radio for help for the wounded. They landed their helicopter by a ditch, which they noted was full of bodies and in which they could discern movement by survivors. Thompson asked a sergeant he encountered there (David Mitchell of 1st Platoon) if he could help get the people out of the ditch; the sergeant replied that he would "help them out of their misery". Thompson, shocked and confused, then spoke with 2LT Calley, who claimed to be 2540: 1280:

to establish a "press policy", and maintain a "unified line" in its public response. The White House established a "My Lai Task Force" whose mission was to "figure out how best to control the problem", to make sure administration officials "all don't go in different directions" when discussing the incident, and to "engage in dirty tricks". These included discrediting key witnesses and questioning Hersh's motives for releasing the story. What soon followed was a public relations offensive by the administration designed to shape how My Lai would be portrayed in the press and understood among the American public.

2440: 2607: 892: 1339:, wrote that in the Vietnamese province of Quang Ngai, where the Mỹ Lai massacre occurred, up to 70% of all villages were destroyed by the air strikes and artillery bombardments, including the use of napalm; 40 percent of the population were refugees, and the overall civilian casualties were close to 50,000 a year. Regarding the massacre at Mỹ Lai, he stated, "There can be no doubt that such an atrocity was possible only because a number of other methods of killing civilians and destroying their villages had come to be the rule, and not the exception, in our conduct of the war". 1037: 2452: 2573: 2464: 1658:– commander of the 23rd Infantry Division, was not involved with planning the Mỹ Lai search-and-destroy mission. However, during the operation he flew over Mỹ Lai and monitored the radio communications. Afterward, Koster did not follow up with the 11th Brigade commander COL Henderson on the initial investigation, and later was involved in the cover-up. Was charged by the Army with failure to obey lawful regulations, dereliction of duty, and alleged cover-up; charges dropped. Later was demoted to brigadier general and stripped of a Distinguished Service Medal. 2488: 792: 2616: 1547:

addressed the crowd. Among the listeners was Phan Thi Nhanh, a 14-year-old girl at the time of the massacre. She was saved by Thompson and vividly remembered that tragic day, "We don't say we forget. We just try not to think about the past, but in our hearts we keep a place to think about that". Colburn challenged Lieutenant Calley "to face the women we faced today who asked the questions they asked, and look at the tears in their eyes and tell them why it happened". No American diplomats or any other officials attended the meeting.

639: 530: 1766:, saying, "Now, 25 years later, I have only recently stopped having flashbacks of that morning. I still cannot touch a weapon without vomiting. I am unable to interact with any of the large Vietnamese population in Los Angeles for fear that they might find out who I am; and, because I cannot stand the pain of remembering or wondering if maybe they had relatives or loved ones who were victims at Mỹ Lai ... some of us will walk in the jungles and hear the cries of anguish for all eternity". 2524: 2675: 2500: 1570:"There is not a day that goes by that I do not feel remorse for what happened that day in My Lai", he told members of the club. "I feel remorse for the Vietnamese who were killed, for their families, for the American soldiers involved and their families. I am very sorry. ... If you are asking why I did not stand up to them when I was given the orders, I will have to say that I was a 2nd lieutenant getting orders from my commander and I followed them—foolishly, I guess." 2476: 8594: 8584: 595:'s Local Force 48th Battalion, which was not present. The killing began while the troops were searching the village for guerillas, and continued after they realized that no guerillas seemed to be present. Villagers were gathered together, held in the open, then murdered with automatic weapons, bayonets, and hand grenades; one large group of villagers was shot in an irrigation ditch. Soldiers also burned down homes and killed livestock. Warrant Officer 2661: 1347:

signed "Concerned Sergeant", were uncovered within declassified National Archive documents. The letters describe common occurrences of civilian killings during population pacification operations. Army policy also stressed very high body counts and this resulted in dead civilians being marked down as combatants. Alluding to indiscriminate killings described as unavoidable, the commander of the 9th Infantry Division, then Major General

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destroy it. ... My experience as a G.I. over there is that if something doesn't look right, a general smiling the wrong way ... I stopped and destroyed the negative." He felt his photographs would never have seen the light of day if he had turned them in. It was confirmed in the U.S. Army's own investigation that Haeberle had, in fact, been reprimanded for taking pictures which "were detrimental to the United States Army".

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boy with his arm shot off, shot up half, half hanging on and he just had this bewildered look in his face and like, 'What did I do, what's wrong?' He was just, you know, it's, it's hard to describe, couldn't comprehend. I, I shot the boy, killed him and it's—I'd like to think of it more or less as a mercy killing because somebody else would have killed him in the end, but it wasn't right." Widmer died on 11 August 2016, aged 68.

1064:, the head of MACV, also congratulated Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry for "outstanding action", saying that they had "dealt enemy heavy blow". Later, he changed his stance, writing in his memoir that it was "the conscious massacre of defenseless babies, children, mothers, and old men in a kind of diabolical slow-motion nightmare that went on for the better part of a day, with a cold-blooded break for lunch". 65: 761:"suspects" (including women and children, as well as all animals), to burn the village, and pollute the wells. He was quoted as saying, "They're all VC, now go and get them", and was heard to reply to the question "Who is my enemy?", by saying, "Anybody that was running from us, hiding from us, or appeared to be the enemy. If a man was running, shoot him, sometimes even if a woman with a rifle was running, shoot her." 2512: 8604: 2007: 2581:

including "17 pregnant women and 210 children under the age of 13." A number of enlarged versions of Haeberle's photos are shown inside the museum. The images are dramatically backlit in color and share the central back wall with a life-size recreation of American soldiers "rounding up and shooting cowering villagers." The museum also celebrates American heroes, including

1599:, a battalion-sized unit, assembled to attack the VC 48th Battalion supposedly based in and around Mỹ Lai. He allegedly ordered the destruction of the village and supervised the artillery barrage and combat assault from his helicopter. Reported the operation as a success; was killed in Vietnam on 13 June 1968, in a mid-air collision before the investigation had begun. 1875:– Rifleman; 2nd Platoon; admitted that he slew around 10 people in My Lai on CPT Medina's orders to kill not only people, but even cats and dogs. He fired at a group of people where he allegedly saw a man with a weapon, but instead killed a woman with a baby. He committed suicide in 1997, after repeatedly acknowledging remorse for several murders in Mỹ Lai. 1106:

been outlined here I have seen not only in my own unit, but also in others we have worked with, and I fear it is universal. If this is indeed the case, it is a problem which cannot be overlooked, but can through a more firm implementation of the codes of MACV (Military Assistance Command Vietnam) and the Geneva Conventions, perhaps be eradicated.

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that some 20 civilians were inadvertently killed during the operation. According to Henderson's report, the civilian casualties that occurred were accidental and mainly attributed to long-range artillery fire. The Army at this time was still describing the event as a military victory that had resulted in the deaths of 128 enemy combatants.

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Investigations into the My Lai Incident". Former First Lieutenant (1LT) Roger L. Alaux Jr., a forward artillery observer, who was assigned to Charlie Company during the combat assault on Mỹ Lai 4, also took some photographs from a helicopter that day, including aerial views of Mỹ Lai, and of the Charlie Company's landing zone.

1025:, the highest the U.S. Army can award for bravery not involving direct conflict with the enemy. The medal citations state they were "for heroism above and beyond the call of duty while saving the lives of at least 10 Vietnamese civilians during the unlawful massacre of non-combatants by American forces at My Lai". 1272:. Laird was recorded as saying that while he would like "to sweep it under the rug", the photographs prevented it. "They're pretty terrible", he said. "There are so many kids just laying there; these pictures are authentic". Within the Army, the reaction was similar. Chief Warrant Officer André Feher, with the 816:, and 2nd Platoon, led by 2LT Stephen Brooks, entered the hamlet of Tu Cung in line formation at 08:00, while the 3rd Platoon, commanded by 2LT Jeffrey U. Lacross, and Captain Medina's command post remained outside. On approach, both platoons fired at people they saw in the rice fields and in the brush. 935:

which solely accounts the cases with explicit rape signs like torn cloth and nudity, the actual number of rapes is not easy to estimate. According to the reports, the rape victims ranged between the ages of 10 and 45, with nine being under 18. The sexual assaults included gang rapes and sexual torture.

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Feher himself recalled that he did not obtain 'hard evidence that something real bad had happened' until he interviewed Ronald Haeberle on 25 August and was shown Haeberle's photographs of the massacre victims. ... the interview indicated to Pentagon officials that news of the massacre could not

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poster, which used a Haeberle photo, was "easily the most successful poster to vent the outrage that so many felt about the human cost of the conflict in Southeast Asia. Copies are still frequently seen in retrospectives dealing with the popular culture of the Vietnam War era or in collections of art

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Frank Reynolds said to his audience that, as a consequence of the allegations, "our spirit as a people is scarred". The massacre, he believed, offered "the most compelling argument yet advanced for America to end its involvement in Vietnam, not alone because of what the war is doing to the Vietnamese

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magazine. Criticism was initially levelled at Haeberle for not reporting what he witnessed or turning in his color photographs to the Army. He responded that "he had never considered" turning in his personal color photos and explained, "If a general is smiling wrong in a photograph, I have learned to

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Lawrence La Croix, a squad leader in Charlie Company in Mỹ Lai, stated in 2010: "A lot of people talk about My Lai, and they say, 'Well, you know, yeah, but you can't follow an illegal order.' Trust me. There is no such thing. Not in the military. If I go into a combat situation and I tell them, 'No,

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Thompson later testified that he spoke with a lieutenant (identified as Stephen Brooks of 2nd Platoon) and told him there were women and children in the bunker, and asked if the lieutenant would help get them out. According to Thompson, "he said the only way to get them out was with a hand grenade".

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by Medina, who later claimed that he thought she had a hand grenade. Thompson then saw a group of civilians at a bunker being approached by ground personnel. Thompson landed, and told his crew that if the soldiers shot at the villagers while he was trying to get them out of the bunker, then they were

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magazines. He recollected that women were saying "No VC" and were trying to shield their children. He remembered that he was shooting old men and women, ranging in ages from grandmothers to teenagers, many with babies or small children in their arms, since he was convinced at that time that they were

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On the morning of 16 March at 07:30, around 100 soldiers from Charlie Company led by Medina, following a short artillery and helicopter gunship barrage, landed in helicopters at Sơn Mỹ, a patchwork of individual homesteads, grouped settlements, rice paddies, irrigation ditches, dikes, and dirt roads,

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or VC sympathizers. He was asked whether the order included the killing of women and children. Those present later gave differing accounts of Medina's response. Some, including platoon leaders, testified that the orders, as they understood them, were to kill all VC and North Vietnamese combatants and

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SP4 Frederick J. Widmer – Assistant Radiotelephone Operator; Widmer, who has been the subject of pointed blame, is quoted as saying, "The most disturbing thing I saw was one boy—and this was something that, you know, this is what haunts me from the whole, the whole ordeal down there. And there was a

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PFC James Joseph Dursi – Rifleman; followed orders to round up civilians, but refused to open fire, even when ordered to do so by Lieutenant Calley. Earlier that day, he had shot a fleeing villager who was apparently carrying a weapon but turned out to be a woman carrying her baby. Afterwards, Dursi

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to volunteer for the Army. Bernhardt refused to kill civilians at Mỹ Lai. Captain Medina reportedly later threatened Bernhardt to deter him from exposing the massacre. As a result, Bernhardt was given more dangerous assignments such as point duty on patrol and would later be afflicted with a form of

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2LT Jeffrey U. Lacross – platoon leader, 3rd Platoon, Charlie Company; testified that his platoon did not meet any armed resistance in Mỹ Lai, and that his men did not kill anybody; however, since, in his words, both Calley and Brooks reported a body count of 60 for their platoons, he then submitted

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CPT Eugene M. Kotouc – military intelligence officer assigned to Task Force Barker; he partially provided information, on which the Mỹ Lai combat assault was approved; together with Medina and a South Vietnamese officer, he interrogated, tortured and allegedly executed VC and NVA suspects later that

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The story threatened to undermine the U.S. war effort and severely damage the Nixon presidency. Inside the White House, officials privately discussed how to contain the scandal. On November 21, National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger emphasized that the White House needed to develop a "game plan",

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Ridenhour himself had not been present when the massacre occurred, but his account was compiled from detailed conversations with soldiers of Charlie Company who had witnessed and, in some cases, participated in the killing. He became convinced that something "rather dark and bloody did indeed occur"

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The following day, 28 March, the commander of Task Force Barker submitted a combat action report for the 16 March operation, in which he stated that the operation in Mỹ Lai was a success, with 128 VC combatants killed. The Americal Division commander, General Koster, sent a congratulatory message to

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Since Thompson made an official report of the civilian killings, he was interviewed by Colonel Oran Henderson, the commander of the 11th Infantry Brigade. Concerned, senior American officers canceled similar planned operations by Task Force Barker against other villages (My Lai 5, My Lai 1, etc.) in

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After returning to base at about 11:00, Thompson reported the massacre to his superiors. His allegations of civilian killings quickly reached LTC Barker, the operation's overall commander. Barker radioed his executive officer to find out from Medina what was happening on the ground. Medina then gave

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According to the Peers Commission Investigation, the U.S. government allocated commission for inquiry into the incident, concluded at least 20 Vietnamese women and girls were raped during the Mỹ Lai massacre. Since there had been little research over the case other than that of the Peers Commission,

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as a direct result. Bernhardt told Ridenhour, who was not present at Mỹ Lai during the massacre, about the events, pushing him to continue his investigation. Later he would help expose and detail the massacre in numerous interviews with the press, and he served as a prosecution witness in the trial

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in 1976 as stating that Calley's sentence was reduced because Calley honestly believed that what he did was a part of his orders—a rationale that contradicts the standards set at Nuremberg and Tokyo, where following orders was not a defense for committing war crimes. On the whole, aside from the Mỹ

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imploring them to investigate the circumstances surrounding the "Pinkville" incident. He and his pilot, Warrant Officer Gilbert Honda, flew over Mỹ Lai several days after the operation and observed a scene of complete destruction. At one point, they hovered over a dead Vietnamese woman with a patch

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Over the remaining day, both companies were involved in the further burning and destruction of dwellings, as well as continued mistreatment of Vietnamese detainees. While it was noted in the Courts Martial proceedings that some soldiers of Charlie Company did not participate in any killings, it was

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Calley testified that he heard the shooting and arrived on the scene. He observed his men firing into a ditch with Vietnamese people inside, then began to take part in the shooting himself, using an M16 from a distance of no more than 5 feet (1.5 m). During the massacre, a helicopter landed on

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into a group of people who were still alive. But it was mostly done with a machine gun. They were shooting women and children just like anybody else. We met no resistance and I only saw three captured weapons. We had no casualties. It was just like any other Vietnamese village – old papa-sans,

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PFC Dennis Konti, a witness for the prosecution, told of one especially gruesome episode during the shooting, "A lot of women had thrown themselves on top of the children to protect them, and the children were alive at first. Then, the children who were old enough to walk got up and Calley began to

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drew survivors and families of victims and some returning U.S. veterans. One woman (an 8-year-old at the time) said, "Everyone in my family was killed in the Mỹ Lai massacre—my mother, my father, my brother and three sisters. They threw me into a ditch full of dead bodies. I was covered with blood

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charged 14 officers, including Major General Koster, the Americal Division's commanding officer, with suppressing information related to the incident. Most of the charges were later dropped. Brigade commander Colonel Henderson was the only high ranking commanding officer who stood trial on charges

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and huts and waiting for people to come out and then shooting them ... going into the hootches and shooting them up ... gathering people in groups and shooting them ... As I walked in you could see piles of people all through the village ... all over. They were gathered up into

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Many American soldiers who had been in Mỹ Lai during the massacre accepted personal responsibility for the loss of civilian lives. Some of them expressed regrets without acknowledging any personal guilt, as, for example, Ernest Medina, who said, "I have regrets for it, but I have no guilt over it

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to conduct a thorough review of the My Lai incident, 16–19 March 1968, and its investigation by the Army. Peers's final report, presented to higher-ups on 17 March 1970, was highly critical of top officers at brigade and divisional levels for participating in the cover-up, and the Charlie Company

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It would indeed be terrible to find it necessary to believe that an American soldier that harbors such racial intolerance and disregard for justice and human feeling is a prototype of all American national character; yet the frequency of such soldiers lends credulity to such beliefs. ... What has

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Initial investigations of the Mỹ Lai operation were undertaken by Colonel Henderson, under orders from the Americal Division's executive officer, Brigadier General George H. Young. Henderson interviewed several soldiers involved in the incident, then issued a written report in late-April claiming

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Owing to the chaotic circumstances of the war and the U.S. Army's decision not to undertake a definitive body count of noncombatants in Vietnam, the number of civilians killed at Mỹ Lai cannot be stated with certainty. Estimates vary from source to source, with 347 and 504 being the most commonly

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William Thomas Allison, a professor of Military History at Georgia Southern University, wrote, "By midmorning, members of Charlie Company had killed hundreds of civilians and raped or assaulted countless women and young girls. They encountered no enemy fire and found no weapons in My Lai itself".

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There were some South Vietnamese people, maybe fifteen of them, women and children included, walking on a dirt road maybe 100 yards away. All of a sudden the GIs just opened up with M16s. Beside the M16 fire, they were shooting at the people with M79 grenade launchers ... I couldn't believe

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Instead of the expected enemy, the GIs found women, children and old men, many of whom were cooking breakfast over outdoor fires. The villagers were getting ready for a market day and at first did not panic or run away as they were herded into the hamlet's common spaces and homestead yards. Harry

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The Army had Lieutenant General William R. Peers conduct the investigation. He conducted a very thorough investigation. Congress did not like his investigation at all, because he pulled no punches, and he recommended court-martial for I think 34 people, not necessarily for the murder but for the

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members had killed at least 175–200 Vietnamese men, women, and children. The evidence indicates that only 3 or 4 were confirmed as Viet Cong although there were undoubtedly several unarmed VC (men, women, and children) among them and many more active supporters and sympathizers. One man from the

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Members of 2nd Platoon killed at least 60–70 Vietnamese, as they swept through the northern half of Mỹ Lai and through Binh Tay, a small sub-hamlet about 400 metres (1,300 ft) north of Mỹ Lai. After the initial sweeps by 1st and 2nd Platoons, 3rd Platoon was dispatched to deal with any

749:, the 11th Brigade commander, urged his officers to "go in there aggressively, close with the enemy and wipe them out for good". In turn, LTC Barker reportedly ordered the 1st Battalion commanders to burn the houses, kill the livestock, destroy food supplies, and destroy and/or poison the wells. 1346:

wrote a confidential letter to then Army Chief of Staff Westmoreland describing civilian killings he said were on the scale of the massacre occurring as "a My Lai each month for over a year" during 1968–69. Two other letters to this effect from enlisted soldiers to military leaders in 1971, all

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A large group of approximately 70–80 villagers was rounded up by 1st Platoon in Xom Lang and led to an irrigation ditch east of the settlement. They were then pushed into the ditch and shot dead by soldiers after repeated orders issued by Calley, who was also shooting. PFC Paul Meadlo

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The second is the Sơn Mỹ Memorial Museum which is located at the site of the massacre and includes the remains of the village of Sơn Mỹ in Quảng Ngãi Province. A large black marble plaque just inside the entrance to the museum lists the names of all 504 civilians killed by the American troops,

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from the helicopter rescue crew, attended the ceremony. Mike Boehm, a veteran who was instrumental in the peace park effort, said, "We cannot forget the past, but we cannot live with anger and hatred either. With this park of peace, we have created a green, rolling, living monument to peace."

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Another soldier, John Henry Smail of the 3rd Platoon, took at least 16 color photographs depicting U.S. Army personnel, helicopters, and aerial views of Mỹ Lai. These, along with Haeberle's photographs, were included in the "Report of the Department of the Army review of the Preliminary

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On 16 March 1998, a gathering of local people and former American and Vietnamese soldiers stood together at the place of the Mỹ Lai massacre in Vietnam to commemorate its 30th anniversary. American veterans Hugh Thompson and Lawrence Colburn, who were shielding civilians during the massacre,

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without reporting mass casualties among civilians. Subsequent criminal investigation found that "Both individuals failed to report what they had seen, the reporter wrote a false and misleading account of the operation, and the photographer withheld and suppressed from proper authorities the

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from his M79 grenade launcher, which had a shotgun effect after exploding; also grabbed an M16 rifle from Varnado Simpson to kill five Vietnamese prisoners. According to various witnesses, he later forced several women to undress with the intention of raping them. When the women refused, he

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Before being shipped to South Vietnam, all of Charlie Company's soldiers went through an advanced infantry training and basic unit training at Pohakuloa Training Area in Hawaii. At Schofield Barracks they were taught how to treat POWs and how to distinguish VC guerrillas from civilians by a

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MAJ Frederic W. Watke – commander of Company B, 123rd Aviation Battalion, 23rd Infantry Division, providing helicopter support on 16 March 1968. Testified that he informed COL Henderson about killings of civilians in My Lai as reported by helicopter pilots. Accused of failure to obey lawful

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Altogether, 14 officers directly and indirectly involved with the operation, including two generals, were investigated in connection with the Mỹ Lai massacre, except for LTC Frank A. Barker, CPT Earl Michaels, and 2LT Stephen Brooks, who all died before the beginning of the investigation.

1276:(CID), was assigned the case in early August 1969. After he interviewed Haeberle, and was shown the photographs which he described as "evidence that something real bad had happened", he and the Pentagon officials he reported to realized "that news of the massacre could not be contained". 1068:

cited figures. The memorial at the site of the massacre lists 504 names, with ages ranging from one to 82. A later investigation by the U.S. Army arrived at a lower figure of 347 deaths, the official U.S. estimate. The official estimate by the local government remains 504.

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of TF Barker was transported by air between 08:15 and 08:30 3 km (2 mi) away. It attacked the subhamlet My Hoi of the hamlet known as Cổ Lũy, which was mapped by the Army as Mỹ Khê. During this operation, between 60 and 155 people, including women and children, were killed.

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In 2009, Haeberle said that he destroyed a number of photographs he took during the massacre. Unlike the photographs of the dead bodies, the destroyed photographs depicted Americans in the actual process of murdering Vietnamese civilians. According to M. Paul Holsinger, the

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wrote, "The most punishing operations undertaken by the brigade in Operation Muscatine's area involved three separate raids into the village and vicinity of My Lai, which cost the VC 276 killed". On 4 April 1968, the information office of the 11th Brigade issued a press-release,

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shoot the children". Other 1st Platoon members testified that many of the deaths of individual Vietnamese men, women and children occurred inside Mỹ Lai during the security sweep. To ensure the hamlets could no longer offer support to the enemy, the livestock was shot as well.

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and open fire on the villagers that had been grouped together. Before everyone in the group was down, Torres ceased fire and refused to fire again. Calley took over the M60 and finished shooting the remaining villagers in that group himself. Torres was charged with murder but

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Photograph taken by Ronald L. Haeberle of South Vietnamese women and children in Mỹ Lai before being killed in the massacre. According to Haeberle, soldiers had attempted to rip the blouse off the woman in the back while her mother, in the front of the photo, tried to protect

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were not fired upon after landing, they still suspected there were VC guerrillas hiding underground or in the huts. Confirming their suspicions, the gunships engaged several armed enemies in the vicinity of Mỹ Lai, killing four; later, one weapon was retrieved from the site.

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televised an interview with Paul Meadlo, a soldier in Calley's unit during the massacre. From the U.S. Government and Army's point of view, Haeberle's photos transformed the massacre from potentially manageable to a very serious problem. The day after their publication,

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immediately reported multiple killings of civilians, Henderson started the cover-up by dismissing the allegation about the massacre and reporting to the superiors that indeed 20 people from Mỹ Lai died by accident. Accused of cover-up and perjury by the Army; charges

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Thompson testified that he then told Brooks to "just hold your men right where they are, and I'll get the kids out." He found 12–16 people in the bunker, coaxed them out and led them to the helicopter, standing with them while they were flown out in two groups.

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At the center of the museum grounds, which is at the heart of the destroyed village, is a large stone monument. The two children to the lower right in the sculpture are modeled on the two children in one of Haeberle's photos, often called "Two Children on a Trail".

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Esequiel Torres – previously had tortured and hanged an old man because Torres found his bandaged leg suspicious. He and Roschevitz (described below) were involved in the shooting of a group of ten women and five children in a hut. Calley ordered Torres to man the

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In their conversation on Nov. 21, 1969, about the My Lai massacre, Mr. Laird told Mr. Kissinger that while he would like 'to sweep it under the rug,' the photographs prevented it. 'There are so many kids just laying there; these pictures are authentic,' Mr. Laird

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Sergeant Minh, Duong – ARVN interpreter, 52nd Military intelligence Detachment, attached to Task Force Barker; confronted Captain Medina about the number of civilians that were killed. Medina reportedly replied, "Sergeant Minh, don't ask anything – those were the

1014:. Glenn Andreotta was awarded his medal posthumously, as he was killed in Vietnam on April 8, 1968. As the DFC citation included a fabricated account of rescuing a young girl from Mỹ Lai from "intense crossfire", Thompson threw his medal away. He later received a 7765: 7333:

As Tran Van Duc and his sister Tran Thi Ha escaped from the armed men carrying out a grisly massacre, a helicopter flew low over them. Duc threw himself on his sister to protect her. Ronald L. Haeberle, a combat photographer on duty Vietnam, captured that

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Harry Stanley – Grenadier; claimed to have refused an order from Lieutenant Calley to kill civilians that were rounded-up in a bomb-crater but refused to testify against Calley. After he was featured in a documentary and several newspapers, the city of

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By the time the killings stopped, Charlie Company had suffered one casualty – a soldier who had intentionally shot himself in the foot to avoid participating in the massacre – and just three enemy weapons were confiscated.

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Ridenhour called Seymour Hersh on 22 October 1969. The freelance investigative journalist conducted an independent inquiry, and published to break the wall of silence that was surrounding the Mỹ Lai massacre. Hersh initially tried to sell the story to

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called simply "My Lai". Calley's court martial was not released to the press and did not commence until over a year later in November 1970. However, word of Calley's prosecution found its way to American investigative reporter and freelance journalist

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Thompson then reported what he had seen to his company commander, Major Frederic W. Watke, using terms such as "murder" and "needless and unnecessary killings". Thompson's statements were confirmed by other helicopter pilots and air crew members.

1578:, Germany, called the apology "terse". He wrote a public letter to Calley describing the plight of his and many other families to remind him that time did not ease the pain, and that grief and sorrow over lost lives will forever stay in Mỹ Lai. 1482:, a senior American prosecutor at Nuremberg, wrote that legal principles established at the war crimes trials could have been used to prosecute senior American military commanders for failing to prevent atrocities such as the one at Mỹ Lai. 1362:

began to examine the evidence regarding possible criminal charges. Eventually, Calley was charged with several counts of premeditated murder in September 1969, and 25 other officers and enlisted men were later charged with related crimes.

1090:, a mimeographed release included this passage: "In an action today, Americal Division forces killed 128 enemy near Quang Ngai City. Helicopter gunships and artillery missions supported the ground elements throughout the day." 1402:

from his commanding officer, Captain Medina. Despite that, he was convicted and sentenced to life in prison on 29 March 1971, after being found guilty of premeditated murder of not fewer than 20 people. Two days later, President

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Most of the killings occurred in the southern part of Tu Cung, a sub-hamlet of Xom Lang, which was a home to 700 residents. Xom Lang was erroneously marked on the U.S. military operational maps of Quảng Ngãi Province as Mỹ Lai.

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in Chicago on January 29, 2016 and received wide critical acclaim. The album recording was released on March 16, 2022 on the fifty-fourth anniversary of the massacre, including the fiftieth anniversary founding of the Kronos

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Some authors have argued that the light punishments of the low-level personnel present at Mỹ Lai and unwillingness to hold higher officials responsible was part of a pattern in which the body-count strategy and the so-called

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which reported the killings of numerous civilians in South Vietnam. Following that, Ronald Ridenhour decided to disobey the Army's order to withhold the information from the media. He approached reporter Ben Cole of the

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The first reporting of the Mỹ Lai massacre appeared in the American media after Fort Benning issued a press release related to the charges pressed against Lieutenant William Calley. This was issued on 5 September 1969.

711:(TF Barker), a battalion-sized ad hoc unit of 11th Brigade, was to be deployed for the operation. It was formed in January 1968, composed of three rifle companies of the 11th Brigade, including Charlie Company, led by 1218:

ran separate stories on the allegations against Calley on 12 and 13 November, respectively. On 20 November, explicit color photographs and eye-witness testimony of the massacre taken by U.S. Army combat photographer

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Upon returning to the LZ Dottie base in his OH-23, Thompson reported to his section leader, Captain Barry Lloyd, that the American infantry were no different from Nazis in their slaughter of innocent civilians:

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James Bergthold, Sr. – Assistant gunner and ammo bearer on a machine gun team with Maples. Was never charged with a crime. Admitted that he killed a wounded woman he came upon in a hut, to put her out of her

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Initial reports claimed "128 Viet Cong and 22 civilians" had been killed in the village during a "fierce fire fight". Westmoreland congratulated the unit on the "outstanding job". As relayed at the time by

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George H. Young Jr. – assistant division commander, 23rd Infantry Division; charged with alleged cover-up, failure to obey lawful regulations and dereliction of duty by the Army; charges were dismissed.

1128:, "I mean, I was in a unit that was responsible for Mỹ Lai. I got there after Mỹ Lai happened. So, in war, these sorts of horrible things happen every now and again, but they are still to be deplored." 3488: 1699:

CPT Thomas K. Willingham – Company B, 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, assigned to Task Force Barker; charged with making false official statements and failure to report a felony; charges dropped.

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The pictures, taken by a US Army combat photographer, were horrifying. Piles of bodies, looks of terror on Vietnamese faces as they stared at certain death, a man shoved down a well, homes set ablaze.

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LTC William D. Guinn Jr. – Deputy Province Senior Advisor/Senior Sector Advisor for Quangngai Province. Charges against him of dereliction of duty and false swearing brought by the Army were dropped.

4444: 2295:. Using eyewitness statements from both Vietnamese and Americans, the programme revealed new evidence about the massacre. The program was subsequently aired by PBS in the United States on 23 May as 3281:

Haeberle: they started stripping her, taking her top off, and the mother, if that was her mother, was trying to protect her. The GI's were punching her around and one of them kicked her in the ass.

828:. Then the same trooper pushed another villager into a well and threw a grenade in the well. Next, he saw fifteen or twenty people, mainly women and children, kneeling around a temple with burning 1776:

SP4 Robert E. Maples – Machine gunner attached to SSG Bacon's squad; stated that he refused an order to kill civilians hiding in a ditch and claimed his commanding officer threatened to shoot him.

1449:", now referred to as the "Medina standard". Several months after his acquittal, however, Medina admitted he had suppressed evidence and had lied to Henderson about the number of civilian deaths. 1101:, the new MACV commander. He described an ongoing and routine brutality against Vietnamese civilians on the part of American forces in Vietnam that he had personally witnessed, and then concluded, 2637:

On the 30th anniversary of the massacre, 16 March 1998, a groundbreaking ceremony for the Mỹ Lai Peace Park was held 2 km (1 mi) away from the site of the massacre. Veterans, including

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by subordinates. He planned, ordered, and supervised the execution of the operation in Sơn Mỹ village. Was accused of failure to report a felony and of murder; went to trial and was acquitted.

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On 16 March 2001, the Mỹ Lai Peace Park was dedicated, a joint venture of the Quảng Ngãi Province Women's Union, the Madison Quakers' charitable organization, and the Vietnamese government.

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A History of the Unit From Its Formation at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii Through Its Deactivation After Service in the Republic Of Viet Nam. Research And Compilation By Cpt. Chuck Seketa.

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and brains." The U.S. was unofficially represented by a volunteer group from Wisconsin called Madison Quakers, who in 10 years built three schools in Mỹ Lai and planted a peace garden.

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is a 1975 Broadway rock opera that concerns the Mỹ Lai massacre and resulting courts martial. It was nominated for four Tony Awards including Best Musical and Best Book of a Musical.

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Of the 26 men initially charged, Calley was the only one convicted. Some have argued that the outcome of the Mỹ Lai courts-martial failed to uphold the laws of war established in the

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all booby-trapped with grenades and poised to attack. On another occasion during the security sweep of My Lai, Meadlo again fired into civilians side by side with Lieutenant Calley.

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CPT Dennis H. Johnson – 52d Military Intelligence Detachment, assigned to Task Force Barker, was accused of failure to obey lawful regulations; however, charges were later dropped.

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at Mỹ Lai, and was so disturbed by the tales he heard that within three months of being discharged from the Army he penned his concerns to Congress as well as the Chairman of the

2129:. During the war years (from 1969 to 1973), pro-Calley songs outnumbered anti-Calley songs 2–1, according to the research collected by Justin Brummer, the founding editor of the 2088:

political commentator, wrote: "American press self-censorship thwarted Mr. Ridenhour's disclosures for a year. 'No one wanted to go into it', his agent said of telegrams sent to

1914:

A photographer and a reporter from the 11th Brigade Information Office were attached to Task Force Barker and landed with Charlie Company in Sơn Mỹ on 16 March 1968. Neither the

3644:. An evaluative essay of the chief prosecutor in the Mỹ Lai cases William G. Eckhardt, Teaching Professor of Law at UMKC School of Law, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2002. 684:

by the VC 48th Local Force Battalion. U.S. military intelligence assumed that the 48th Battalion, having retreated and dispersed, was taking refuge in the village of Sơn Mỹ, in

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and his helicopter crew are credited with attempting to stop the massacre. On the same day, B Company massacred an additional 60 to 155 people in the nearby hamlet of My Khe 4.

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and their bodies mutilated, and some soldiers mutilated and raped children as young as 12. The incident is the largest massacre of civilians by U.S. forces in the 20th century.

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Captain Kotouc, an intelligence officer from 11th Brigade, was also court-martialed and found not guilty. Koster was demoted to brigadier general and lost his position as the

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in his book on the massacre, a woman was raped after her children were killed by the U.S. soldiers. Another Vietnamese villager also noticed soldiers rape a 13-year-old girl.

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the other side of the ditch and the pilot asked Calley if they could provide any medical assistance to the wounded civilians in Mỹ Lai; Calley admitted replying that "a hand

2219:; centering on the experiences of the helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson's intervention in stopping further bloodshed on the civilians. The opera made its world premiere at the 975:

Returning to Mỹ Lai, Thompson and other air crew members noticed several large groups of bodies. Spotting some survivors in the ditch, Thompson landed again. A crew member,

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told his men that nearly all the civilian residents of the hamlets in Sơn Mỹ village would have left for the market by 07:00, and that any who remained would most likely be

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Thompson initially refused to accept the medal when the U.S. Army wanted to award it quietly. He demanded it be done publicly and that his crew be honored in the same way.

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PFC Dennis L. Conti – Grenadier/Minesweeper; testified that he initially refused to shoot but later fired some M79 rounds at a group of fleeing people with unknown effect.

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SGT Kenneth Hodges, squad leader, was charged with rape and murder during the My Lai Massacre. In every interview given he strictly claimed that he was following orders.

315: 4651: 771:, engage the enemy, and flush them out. The other two companies from TF Barker were ordered to secure the area and provide support if needed. The area was designated a 745:

On 16–18 March, TF Barker planned to engage and destroy the remnants of the 48th Battalion, allegedly hiding in the Sơn Mỹ village area. Before the engagement, Colonel

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was the only available means he had for their evacuation". At 11:00 Medina radioed an order to cease fire, and 1st Platoon took a break, during which they ate lunch.

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At Calley's trial, one defense witness testified that he remembered Medina instructing to destroy everything in the village that was "walking, crawling or growling".

4806: 7432: 5787: 1501:" encouraged U.S. soldiers to err on the side of killing suspected Vietnamese enemies even if there was a very good chance that they were civilians. This in turn, 1445:

In a separate trial, Medina denied giving the orders that led to the massacre, and was acquitted of all charges, effectively negating the prosecution's theory of "

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The massacre was originally reported as a battle against Viet Cong troops, and was covered up in initial investigations by the U.S. Army. The efforts of veteran

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The Mỹ Lai massacre, like many other events in Vietnam, was captured on camera by U.S. Army personnel. The most published and graphic images were taken by

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SGT Gary D. Roschevitz – Grenadier; 2nd platoon; according to the testimony of James M. McBreen, Roschevitz killed five or six people standing together with a

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pending appeal of his sentence. Calley's conviction was upheld by the Army Court of Military Review in 1973 and by the U.S. Court of Military Appeals in 1974.

5641: 5303: 3551: 3110: 1351:, in September 1969, submitted a confidential report to Westmoreland and other generals describing the countryside in some areas of Vietnam as resembling the 8369: 7708: 7363: 5831: 611: 5574: 4345: 1331:

cover-up. Really the cover-up phase was probably as bad as the massacre itself, because he recommended court-martial for some very high-ranking individuals.

8014: 4221: 1628:. Was charged in premeditating the murder of 102 civilians, found guilty and sentenced to life. Was paroled in September 1974 by the Secretary of the Army 1453: 7316: 5861: 5748: 5810: 1521:(ARVN) artillery and aerial bombardment, and remaining eyewitnesses were dispersed. The destruction was officially attributed to "Viet Cong terrorists". 7861: 4744:

Rowling, Charles; Sheets, Penelope; Jones, Timothy (2015). "American Atrocity Revisited: National Identity, Cascading Frames, and the My Lai Massacre".

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Rowling, Charles; Sheets, Penelope; Jones, Timothy (2015). "American Atrocity Revisited: National Identity, Cascading Frames, and the My Lai Massacre".

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The original, Pulitzer-Prize winning articles about the My Lai Massacre for the St. Louis Post Dispatch, 13 November, 20 November and 25 November 1969.

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was tasked with speaking to the press. He refused to confirm allegations against Calley. Noting the significance that the statement was given at all,

783:, a rifleman in Charlie Company, said, "We were told to leave nothing standing. We did what we were told, regardless of whether they were civilians." 8633: 8160: 7820: 5355: 5051: 4986: 3579: 3033: 1202:

My Lai was first revealed to the public on November 13, 1969—more than a year and a half after the incident—when Hersh published a story through the

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from life to twenty years. Calley would eventually serve three and one-half years under house arrest at Fort Benning including three months in the

560:. At least 347 and up to 504 civilians, almost all women, children, and elderly men, were murdered by U.S. soldiers from C Company, 1st Battalion, 7463: 3012: 2076:

magazine on 5 December 1969, both of which included Haeberle's photos, finally brought Mỹ Lai to the fore of the public debate about Vietnam War.

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MAJ Robert W. McKnight – operations officer of the 11th Brigade; was accused of false swearing by the Army, but charges were subsequently dropped.

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Lai courts-martial, there were 36 military trials held by the U.S. Army from January 1965 to August 1973 for crimes against civilians in Vietnam.

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Kenneth W. Boatman – an artillery forward observer; was accused by the Army of failure to report possible misconduct, but the charge was dropped.

1171: 308: 6064: 5591: 3062: 1142:, a former door gunner from the Aviation Section, Headquarters Company, 11th Infantry Brigade, sent a letter in March 1969 to thirty members of 738:, due to the reddish-pink color used on military maps to denote a more densely populated area, and the carnage was initially referred to as the 356: 8683: 7999: 6524: 6338: 4857: 8663: 7867: 7757: 2050:

investigated further and found several survivors of the Mỹ Lai massacre in South Vietnam. He estimated the number of civilians killed as 567.

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said it amounted to the first public expression of concern by a "high defense official" that American troops "might have committed genocide".

900:"remaining resistance". 3rd Platoon, which stayed in reserve, reportedly rounded up and killed a group of seven to twelve women and children. 730:

In February 1968, TF Barker had already tried to secure Sơn Mỹ, with limited success. After that, the village area began to be referred to as

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Vietnam was an atrocity from the get-go... There were hundreds of My Lais. You got your card punched by the numbers of bodies you counted.

5339: 3658: 3293: 8673: 2133:. All the songs in the post-war era were critical of the actions of Calley and his platoon. Commercially, the most successful song was " 2103:

Afterward, interviews and stories connected to the Mỹ Lai massacre started to appear regularly in the American and international press.

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Charles C. Calhoun – operations officer of Task Force Barker; charges against him of failure to report possible misconduct were dropped.

804:

The GIs expected to engage the Vietcong Local Force 48th Battalion, which was one of the Vietcong's most successful units. Although the

8698: 6109: 2244:", aired January 13, 1971, has a highly decorated army officer relate events alluding to the massacre just prior to committing suicide. 1359: 1322:

company was reported as wounded from the accidental discharge of his weapon. ... a tragedy of major proportions had occurred at Son My.

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New York: Viking – a re-examination, draws extensively on interviews with participants and contains detailed bibliographic references.

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Under mounting pressure caused by Ridenhour's letter, on 9 September 1969, the Army quietly charged Calley with six specifications of

688:. A number of specific hamlets within that village – designated Mỹ Lai (1) through Mỹ Lai (6) – were suspected of harboring the 48th. 8537: 5080: 1789:

David Mitchell – Squad Leader; accused by witnesses of shooting people at the ditch site; pleaded not guilty. Mitchell was acquitted.

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I'm not going. I'm not going to do that. I'm not going to follow that order', well, they'd put me up against the wall and shoot me."

1265: 715:(LTC) Frank A. Barker. Sơn Mỹ village was included in the area of operations of TF Barker. The area of operations (AO) was codenamed 396: 3790: 3078: 657:, arrived in South Vietnam in December 1967. Though their first three months in Vietnam passed without any direct contact with 8494: 6852: 2968: 2816: 2241: 1310: 109: 5882: 3889: 801:

connecting an assortment of hamlets and sub-hamlets. The largest among them were the hamlets Mỹ Lai, Cổ Lũy, Mỹ Khê, and Tu Cung.

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operation against the 48th Battalion thought to be located in Sơn Mỹ became a small part of the U.S. military's overall strategy.

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Since Charlie Company had not met any enemy opposition at Mỹ Lai and did not request back-up, Bravo Company, 4th Battalion,

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Investigations, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Armed Services Investigating Subcommittee (1976).

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Lawrence C. La Croix – Squad Leader; testified favorably for Captain Medina during his trial. In 1993, he sent a letter to the

1625: 654: 573: 561: 270: 217: 209: 7719: 7286: 7165: 7074: 6623: 4038:"Hugh Thompson: Helicopter pilot who intervened to save lives during the U.S. Army massacre of Vietnamese civilians at My Lai" 870:

One group of 20–50 villagers was herded south of Xom Lang and killed on a dirt road. According to U.S. Army photographer Sgt.

618:, the leader of 1st Platoon in C Company, was convicted. He was found guilty of murdering 22 villagers and originally given a 610:

broke the news of the massacre to the American public in November 1969, prompting global outrage and contributing to domestic

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In early 1972, the camp at Mỹ Lai (2) where the survivors of the Mỹ Lai massacre had been relocated was largely destroyed by

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inquiry that the killings started without warning. He first observed a member of 1st Platoon strike a Vietnamese man with a

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Photography of the massacre is shown on screen and discussed in a philosophical context in Abel Ferrara's 1995 horror film

982:, entered the ditch and returned with a bloodied but apparently unharmed four-year-old girl, who was then flown to safety. 700: 7140: 6569: 6385:

Oliver, Kendrick (2003). "Atrocity, authenticity, and American exceptionalism: (ir)rationalising the massacre at My Lai".

6164: 8678: 8552: 8519: 8468: 8197: 7259: 6282: 5960: 4461:

Kendrick, Oliver (2003). "Atrocity, authenticity and American exceptionalism: (Ir)rationalising the Massacre at My Lai".

3476: 1435: 1423: 1419: 1391: 3843: 3444: 2733:"What Really Happened on 16 March 1968? What Lessons Have Been Learned? A Look At the My Lai Incident Fifty Years Later" 2065:, which then published Haeberle's grisly images of the dead bodies of old men, women, and children on 20 November 1969. 1283:

As members of Congress called for an inquiry and news correspondents abroad expressed their horror at the massacre, the

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women and kids. As a matter of fact, I don't remember seeing one military-age male in the entire place, dead or alive.

8130: 7908: 6990: 6136: 5928: 5698: 4724: 3216: 2909: 2688: 2493:

PFC Mauro, PFC Carter, and SP4 Widmer (Carter shot himself in the foot with a .45 pistol during the My Lai Massacre.)

1825: 1689: 510: 6649:"On Opera 'Mỹ Lai,' Kronos Quartet Present a Dramatic Score Emphasizing the Bleakness and Horror of the Vietnam War" 6126: 1155:, and the President. He included the name of Michael Bernhardt, an eyewitness who agreed to testify, in the letter. 703:(MACV) was aggressively trying to regain the strategic initiative in South Vietnam after the Tet Offensive, and the 8484: 8125: 8090: 8004: 7049: 5297: 4205: 4016: 1840:

William Doherty and Michael Terry – 3rd Platoon soldiers who participated in the killing of the wounded in a ditch.

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Mr. Stratton: You said that you had two black and white cameras and one color camera. Mr. Haeberle: That is right.

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https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/04/archives/pentagon-is-sued-on-mylai-report-rep-aspin-seeks-release-of-peers.html

2499: 1053:. Despite Thompson's revealing information, Henderson issued a Letter of Commendation to Medina on 27 March 1968. 772: 7993: 6886: 6795: 5913: 4965: 4337: 2249: 1888: 1773:

PFC Ronald Grzesik – a team leader. He claimed he followed orders to round up civilians but refused to kill them.

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General Heard My Lai Radio Conversations: Pentagon Says Americal Commander Was in Copter During Alleged Massacre

5223: 1644:– 11th Infantry Brigade commander, who ordered the attack and flew in a helicopter over Mỹ Lai during it. After 1097:

Six months later, Tom Glen, a 21-year-old soldier of the 11th Light Infantry Brigade, wrote a letter to General

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because I didn't cause it. That's not what the military, particularly the United States Army, is trained for."

441: 366: 5807: 5372: 3355: 2928: 2418:, a U.S. Army Public Information Detachment photographer who accompanied the men of Charlie Company that day. 1779:

PFC Paul D. Meadlo – Rifleman; said he was afraid of being shot if he did not participate. Lost his foot to a

990:

It's mass murder out there. They're rounding them up and herding them in ditches and then just shooting them.

8357: 7494: 5429: 4074: 2181: 2134: 1924: 1652: 1079: 4398: 4155: 8628: 8607: 8441: 8374: 8120: 6308: 6068: 5618:"CPT Earl R Michles, Pocahontas, AR on www.VirtualWall.org The Virtual Wall Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall" 5455: 1922:, 11th Infantry Brigade newsletter from 22 March 1968, reported the deaths of noncombatants in Mỹ Lai. The 1206:. After extensive interviews with Calley, Hersh broke the Mỹ Lai story in 35 newspapers; additionally, the 469: 325: 102: 5388: 5055: 3589: 2880: 2606: 2475: 1749:"; shot himself in the foot while reloading his pistol and claimed that he shot himself in the foot to be 857: 8364: 8009: 7975: 7421:

University Press of Kansas: Lawrence, Kansas – extensive interviews with trial participants and soldiers.

6709: 5894: 5771: 3634: 3431: 3041: 2954: 2381: 2057:, who was among the first who started to uncover the truth about the Mỹ Lai massacre. Haeberle contacted 1984:

uncovered the story on his own but also decided to put it on hold. Two major national news press outlets—

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Report of the Department of the Army Review of the Preliminary Investigations into the My Lai Incident

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Report of the Department of the Army Review of the Preliminary Investigations into the My Lai Incident

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Report of the Department of the Army review of the preliminary investigations into the Mỹ Lai incident

3233:

Report of the Department of the Army review of the preliminary investigations into the Mỹ Lai incident

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The massacre is memorialized at two locations within Vietnam. The first is in Ho Chi Minh City at the

2342:, in both English and Vietnamese, that used never-before-heard audio recordings of testimony taken at 1050: 779:

and air strikes in populated areas, without consideration of risk to civilian or non-combatant lives.

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The Moral Dimension of Asymmetrical Warfare, Counter-terrorism, Democratic Values and Military Ethics

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Marshall, Burke; Goldstein, Joseph (2 April 1976). "Learning From My Lai: A Proposal on War Crimes".

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Some American veterans choose to go on pilgrimage to the site of the massacre to heal and reconcile.

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CPT Earl Michles – officer during My Lai operation; he died in a helicopter crash three months later.

1563: 426: 386: 17: 5025: 4866: 3337: 2523: 2372:, directed by Paolo Bertola, starring American actor Beau Ballinger as Calley, and adapted from the 421: 8569: 8446: 8155: 8062: 8019: 7883:

My Lai Revisited: 47 Years Later, Seymour Hersh Travels to Vietnam Site of U.S. Massacre He Exposed

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In 2003 Hugh Thompson, the pilot who had intervened during the massacre, said of the Peers report:

1295: 381: 7834: 7749: 7194: 6346: 4629: 4559: 1795: 591:, was sent into one of the village's hamlets (marked on maps as My Lai 4) expecting to engage the 87: 8420: 8279: 8188: 8109: 6952:"My Lai photographer Ron Haeberle admits he destroyed pictures of soldiers in the act of killing" 4500: 2138: 2125:

Over 100 songs were released about the My Lai massacre and Lt. William Calley, identified by the

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noted they neither openly protested against them nor filed complaints later to their superiors.

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service workers in the area gave testimony in May 1972 by Martin Teitel at hearings before the

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by TF Barker troops. The U.S. Army slang name for the hamlets and sub-hamlets in that area was

720: 376: 6978: 4999: 4531: 4245:"Atrocity, Authenticity and American Exceptionalism: (Ir)rationalising the Massacre at My Lai" 1551: 1083:

magazine, "U.S. infantrymen had killed 128 Communists in a bloody day-long battle."

891: 689: 8306: 8265: 7872: 6038:(Report). Vol. II, Testimony, Book 14. Library of Congress. 14 March 1970. p. 100. 4582: 2914: 2039: 1608: 1550:

More than a thousand people turned out on 16 March 2008, forty years after the massacre. The

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Visitors to the War Remnants Museum view enlarged photos of the massacre by Ronald Haeberle.

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Next, Ben Cole published an article about Ronald Ridenhour, a helicopter gunner and an Army

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Trần Văn Đức, who was seven years old at the time of the Mỹ Lai massacre and now resides in

1558:

On 19 August 2009, Calley made his first public apology for the massacre in a speech to the

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1st Battalion, 20th Infantry – members of Company C, including 2LT Calley (original source)

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The My Lai Massacre and Its Cover-Up: Beyond the Reach of Law?: The Peers Commission Report

2680: 2561: 2285: 2156: 2142: 1800: 1456:. His deputy, Brigadier General Young, received a letter of censure. Both were stripped of 1287: 862: 7624: 6817: 3040:

Significantly, he gave no instructions about segregating and safeguarding non-combatants.

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When PFC Michael Bernhardt entered the subhamlet of Xom Lang, the massacre was underway:

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The Vietnam War on Trial: The My Lai Massacre and the Court-Martial of Lieutenant Calley

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The Vietnam War on Trial. The My Lai Massacre and the Court-Martial of Lieutenant Calley

6007: 3953:

Understanding the Odyssey: a student casebook to issues, sources, and historic documents

3312: 2980: 2825: 2042:, which sent it to fifty major American newspapers; thirty accepted it for publication. 416: 8653: 8327: 8252: 8238: 7668:– historical fiction about a Vietnam Vet who can't escape his own experience of My Lai. 7220: 6596:"Review: My Lai massacre, 50 years later: Jonathan Berger's opera captures the madness" 6402: 6230:. Press-Release No. 112–68–75, Information office, 11th Infantry Brigade, 4 April 1968. 5818: 5255: 4939: 4761: 4280: 4272: 3951: 3689: 1952: 1844: 1750: 1645: 1620:– platoon leader, 1st Platoon, Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 1531: 1527:

Congressional Subcommittee to Investigate Problems Connected with Refugees and Escapees

1395:

relating to the cover-up of the Mỹ Lai massacre; he was acquitted on 17 December 1971.

1220: 1214: 1022: 871: 704: 693: 666: 541: 293: 205: 74: 70: 7724:

Rockwood, Lawrence. "The Lesson Avoided: the Official Legacy of the My Lai Massacre",

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No U.S. serviceman was charged with rape. According to an eyewitness, as reported by

791: 708: 596: 577: 274: 227: 4320: 3242:(Report). Vol. III, Exhibits, Book 6 – Photographs. 14 March 1970. p. 50. 2779: 2615: 1158:

Most recipients of Ridenhour's letter ignored it, with the exception of Congressman

681: 401: 8342: 8274: 8095: 8085: 8067: 7778: 7232: 7045: 6394: 4753: 4256: 3681: 2708: 2642: 2590: 2582: 2177: 1903: 1739: 1655: 1464: 1427: 1352: 1302: 1225: 1139: 1098: 1007: 724: 603: 488: 259: 231: 7485: 6730: 6110:"Calley Trial Off for the Holidays: Defense Presses View That Medina Was to Blame" 1730:

of Medina, where he was subjected to intense cross examination by defense counsel

1190:

for the deaths of 109 South Vietnamese civilians near the village of Sơn Mỹ, at a

638: 77:

in the aftermath of the massacre, showing mostly women and children dead on a road

8558: 8463: 8169: 7912: 7900: 7841: 7744: 7467: 7370: 6096: 5987: 5932: 5901: 5814: 5752: 5307: 4780: 4757: 4324: 4226: 4156:

An Intimate History of Killing: Face-to-Face Killing in Twentieth-Century Warfare

4126: 3923: 3847: 3794: 3685: 3641: 3415: 3374: 3100: 3082: 3051: 2703: 2415: 2196: 2152: 2147:

Hot 100 on 1 May 1971, selling over 1 million records. Despite its success,

2028: 1980: 1928:

published a laudatory piece, "U.S. troops Surrounds Red, Kill 128", on March 18.

1897: 1872: 1811: 1806: 1629: 1485: 1439: 1399: 1336: 1261: 1237: 1231: 1208: 1187: 1163: 1132: 1003: 979: 957: 856:

I walked up and saw these guys doing strange things ... Setting fire to the

780: 776: 235: 7105:

This museum is the city's most popular attraction but not for the faint-hearted.

6747: 6210: 4920: 2969:"The My Lai Massacre: Seymour Hersh's Complete and Unabridged Reporting for the 2368:

On 10 December 2010, Italian producer Gianni Paolucci released a movie entitled

8337: 8311: 8261: 7887: 7796: 5393: 4317: 2797: 2666: 2373: 2261: 2257:. In it, five American soldiers discussed their participation in the massacres. 2210: 2204: 2107: 2079: 1786: 1641: 1617: 1498: 1479: 1191: 813: 812:

According to the operational plan, 1st Platoon, led by Second Lieutenant (2LT)

746: 615: 614:. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal offenses, but only Lieutenant 245: 7906:

HHC 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry, daily report 16 March 1968 (original source)

6834: 6398: 5964: 5617: 4260: 4004: 2155:, viewed it as controversial. John Deer's cover of the song bubbled under the 1407:

made the controversial decision to have Calley released from armed custody at

8622: 8234: 8105: 7989: 7971: 7625:" Looking for Calley – How a young journalist untangled the riddle of My Lai" 5541: 5472: 5456:"Mỹ Lai Survivor Disappointed in Calley's 'Terse Apology' for War Atrocities" 4690: 4268: 3901: 3840: 2824:. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School. p. 39. Archived from 2361: 2323: 2280: 2273: 2165: 2058: 2054: 1864: 1837:

Nicholas Capezza – Chief Medic; HHQ Company; insisted he saw nothing unusual.

1731: 1707: 1676: 1404: 1269: 1196: 1167: 939: 753: 677: 627: 619: 607: 588: 553: 282: 124: 111: 95: 31: 7893: 6089: 5356:"My Lai Survivors Gather to Pray for Victims, Peace 40 Years After Massacre" 5340:"My Lai Survivors Gather to Pray for Victims, Peace 40 Years After Massacre" 4941:

The War Behind Me: Vietnam Veterans Confront the Truth about U.S. War Crimes

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into My Lai Massacre. University of Missouri-Kansas City Law school website.

3367: 1374:

in District Court to reveal the Peers Commission. Following the massacre a

8352: 7784: 7712: 7561: 6283:"Catering to the silent majority: The Mỹ Lai massacre as a media challenge" 6099:, Research and compilation of "C Company" Rosters provided by Daniel Malin. 5989:

Investigation of the My Lai Incident, Ninety-First Congress, Second Session

4652:"Plain Dealer exclusive in 1969: My Lai massacre photos by Ronald Haeberle" 3114: 2343: 2269: 1662:

day. Was charged with maiming and assault, tried by the jury and acquitted.

1412: 1408: 1375: 1348: 1253: 1175: 1110: 1015: 960:. As the helicopter took off, Thompson saw Mitchell firing into the ditch. 832:. They were praying and crying. They were all killed by shots to the head. 665:(VC) forces, by mid-March the company had suffered 28 casualties involving 623: 278: 7905: 7055:(Report). Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 6682:"Judgment: The Court Martial of Lieutenant William Calley (TV Movie 1975)" 5925: 5324: 2038:

magazines; both turned it down. Hersh went to the small, Washington-based

1792:

SP4 Charles Sledge – Radiotelephone Operator; later a prosecution witness.

1398:

During the four-month-long trial, Calley consistently claimed that he was

963:

Thompson and his crew witnessed an unarmed woman being kicked and shot at

7948: 6148:"Pilot Testifies Senior Officers Knew Something Amiss On Day Of Massacre" 5282:'It's Something You've Got to Live With': My Lai Memories Haunt Soldiers" 5052:"Biographies of Key Figures in the My Lai Courts-Martial: Oran Henderson" 4487: 3118: 2713: 2185: 1726: 557: 545: 454: 329: 56: 6681: 5721: 5512:

Peers, William R., Joseph Goldstein, Burke Marshall, and Jack Schwartz.

4892:

The Military Half: An Account of Destruction in Quang Ngai and Quang Tin

4865:(Speech). William C. Stutt Ethics Lecture. Annapolis, MD. Archived from 4276: 4244: 1679:– commander of Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry; nicknamed 7636:

My Lai and Why It Matters: Review of Ron Ridenhour's Videotaped Lecture

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Defense Rests in Calley Trial: Capt. Medina Called Fine, Strict Officer

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argues, made lesser known massacres similar to Mỹ Lai and a pattern of

1502: 1291: 1125: 670: 7221:"Bearing Witness to the Inhuman at Mỹ Lai: Museum, Ritual, Pilgrimage" 6912:

Art, Politics, and Dissent: Aspects of the Art Left in Sixties America

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The Forgotten Hero of My Lai: The Hugh Thompson Story, Revised Edition

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under the direction of Carl Topilow in 1974. The work was recorded by

1994:—received some tips with partial information but did not act on them. 1045:

the cease-fire order to Charlie Company to "cut out – knock it off".

767:

Charlie Company was to enter the village of Sơn Mỹ spearheaded by 1st

7983: 7854: 7687: 7587:

Cover-up: the Army's secret investigation of the massacre at My Lai 4

7237: 7225:

ASIANetwork Exchange: A Journal for Asian Studies in the Liberal Arts

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Cover-Up: the Army's Secret Investigation of the Massacre at My Lai 4

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or to our reputation abroad, but because of what it is doing to us".

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Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations

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Counter-Revolutionary Violence: Bloodbaths in Fact & Propaganda

6853:"My Lai Four – Foto, trailer e locandina del film di Paolo Bertola" 5904:. WGBH Educational Foundation, 23 May 1989; retrieved 28 June 2009. 4368:"Interview on CNN's Larry King Live with Secretary Colin L. Powell" 3710:

Good, Jennifer; Lardinois, Brigitte; Lowe, Paul (16 October 2014).

3063:

Peers Report: The Omissions and Commissions Of CPT Ernest L. Medina

2884: 2802:

U.S. Leadership, History, and Bilateral Relations in Northeast Asia

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the next day; later, he publicly admitted his part in the massacre.

1243: 1159: 752:

On the eve of the attack, at the Charlie Company briefing, Captain

172: 7317:"Tale of children who survived My Lai massacre falls on deaf ears" 5961:"1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, HHQ Company Roster – 1968" 5722:"The Ethical Humanist Award: New York Society for Ethical Culture" 3521:

Eyewitness accounts of the My Lai massacre; story by Seymour Hersh

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Duc Tran Van protecting his sister Thu Ha Tran in photo and statue

1529:

in South Vietnam. In June 1972, Teitel's account was published in

723:, the home county of the 23rd Division's commander, Major General 64: 5430:"Calley expresses remorse for role in My Lai massacre in Vietnam" 4150: 4148: 3713:

Mythologizing the Vietnam War: Visual Culture and Mediated Memory

2897: 2195:, an operatic account about the massacre was created by composer 1559: 1522: 1021:

In March 1998, the helicopter crew's medals were replaced by the

885: 829: 825: 768: 180: 7060: 6043: 4679:"Kissinger Tapes Describe Crises, War and Stark Photos of Abuse" 3276: 3247: 820:

Stanley, a machine gunner from Charlie Company, said during the

587:

On the morning of the massacre, C Company, commanded by Captain

192:

Vietnamese government lists 504 killed in both Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khe

7434:

Kissinger Tapes Describe Crises, War and Stark Photos of Abuse.

7374:

The Humanist: A Magazine of Critical Inquiry and Social Concern

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20th Infantry Regiment: C Company Roster – 1968

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On 16 March 1968, in the official press briefing known as the

494: 7364:"The Humanitarian Impulse: Not 'God's Work' for this Veteran" 5947: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 4222:"The Press: Farewell to the Follies" (subscriber-only access) 6796:"The My Lai Tapes (audio file and transcript in Vietnamese)" 6570:"Review: Kronos Quartet Revisits Vietnam Horror in 'My Lai'" 3409:

My Lai: Soldiers' Bullets Silenced Pleas, Prayers of Victims

2881:"History of the 20th Infantry: 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry" 1978:, who chose not to handle the scoop. Charles Black from the 195:

United States Army lists 347 (not including Mỹ Khe killings)

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The Choices Made – Lessons from My Lai on Drawing the Line

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Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam

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The Omissions and Commissions of Colonel Oran K. Henderson

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Thompson's own account during the conference on Mỹ Lai at

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cancelled his cover of the song because his record label,

1708:

1st Platoon, Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry

6929: 6704: 5333: 5186: 3788:

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Effects on Public Opinion Support During War or Conflict

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Judgment: The Court Martial of Lieutenant William Calley

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PFC Michael Bernhardt – Rifleman; he dropped out of the

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United States v. First Lieutenant William L. Calley, Jr

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Mrs. Nguyễn Thị Tẩu (chín Tẩu), killed by U.S. soldiers

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An unidentified man and child who were killed on a road

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Surviving Twice: Amerasian Children of the Vietnam War

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photographic evidence of atrocities he had obtained."

7564:, "Wrath of the Centurions" (review of Howard Jones, 7426:

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Henderson Witness Admits False Statement about My Lai

5328:'Blood and fire' of My Lai remembered 30 years later" 5081:

45 years later, impact from My Lai case is still felt

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regulations and dereliction of duty; charges dropped.

1418:

In August 1971, Calley's sentence was reduced by the

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My Lai 4: A Report on the Massacre and Its Aftermath

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Mỹ Lai 4: A Report on the Massacre and its Aftermath

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Timeline: Charlie Company and the Massacre at My Lai

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The corpse of Mr. Truong Tho (72) thrown down a well

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For his actions at Mỹ Lai, Thompson was awarded the

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Medina's order 5112:"An Introduction to the My Lai Courts-Martial" 4998:Turse, Nick; Nelson, Deborah (6 August 2006). 4846: 4206:"Clemency is last hope for a more normal life" 3948: 3624: 3515: 3513: 3296:Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2006. 2593:who intervened to save a number of villagers. 2279:On 2 May 1989, the British television station 7933: 6499:"Cap Nixes Disk; Seeks Not to Glorify Calley" 6285:. Free University of Berlin, 10 October 2011. 6165:"Veteran Says He Slew Ten in Vietnam Village" 5950:, charlie1-20.org; accessed 23 February 2018. 4397:. Law.umkc.edu. 29 March 1969. 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In September 1974, he was paroled by the 1274:U.S. Army's Criminal Investigation Division 7940: 7926: 7024:television documentary archive, 1964–1992" 6970: 6375:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 5203:Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American Tragedy 4515: 4501:"Mo Udall, The Education of a Congressman" 4030: 3652: 3650: 3065:, law.umkc.edu; accessed 24 February 2018. 2758:. Simon & Schuster. pp. 103–105. 2747: 2556:, which contains exhibits relating to the 2168:wrote an extended symphonic work entitled 622:, but served three-and-a-half years under 316: 302: 63: 27:1968 U.S. war crime during the Vietnam War 7794: 7419:Facing My Lai: Moving Beyond the Massacre 7236: 7218: 6621: 6568:Oestreich, James R. (28 September 2017). 6567: 6131:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2005; 5883:"My Lai Testimony of Mr. Andress Delgado" 5661:. New York: Norton, 1979. ISBN 0394474600 5177: 5130: 4859:Moral Courage In Combat: The My Lai Story 4129:; An extract from the official U.S. Army 3896:. 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Rutgers University Press. p. 4413: 4348:from the original on 19 October 2021 4330: 4299:1968: The Year That Rocked the World 4002: 3996: 3863:Bilton, Michael; Sim, Kevin (1992). 2632: 2207:, along with tenor Rinde Eckert and 1740:New York Society for Ethical Culture 1138:Independently of Glen, Specialist 5 701:Military Assistance Command, Vietnam 8207:U.S. escalation / "Americanization" 7878:BBC World Service: The My Lai Tapes 7502:Colburn, Lawrence and Paula Brock. 7314: 6824:. Boston. 26 April 2010. PBS. WGBH. 6419: 6328:, Vol. 67, No. 23, 5 December 1969. 5736: 5575:Kill Order Refuted at Court-Martial 5475:. Thewall-usa.com. 26 November 1967 5212: 5000:"Civilian Killings Went Unpunished" 4622:"The Press: Miscue on the Massacre" 4556:"The Press: Miscue on the Massacre" 4382: 3393:(London), 23 April 1989, pp. 24–35. 2780:"Murder in the name of war: My Lai" 2547: 2346:during the 1969–70 Peers's Inquiry. 2338:on Radio 4 and subsequently on the 2072:article on 28 November 1969 and in 1595:Frank A. Barker – commander of the 1040:Dead bodies outside a burning home. 840:testified that he expended several 212:and B Company, 4th Battalion, 24: 8674:Sexual violence in the Vietnam War 8136:1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt 7862:Into The Dark: The My Lai Massacre 7401:161st Assault Helicopter Company. 7394: 7075:"Psychiatrist backs Hutto defense" 6345:. 28 November 1969. Archived from 6006:Hersh, Seymour (14 January 1972). 5024:Nelson, Deborah (14 August 2006). 4338:"My Lai at 50: Written Case Study" 3700: 3585:University of Missouri–Kansas City 3207:Michael Bilton; Kevin Sim (1993). 3186:. The New Press. pp. 122–23. 3139:Calley's Trial Puts Emphasis on CO 2953:. 23 May 1989. PBS. Archived from 2172:. It received its premiere by the 2161:Hot 100 on 1 May 1971, at No. 114. 2100:magazines outlining allegations." 1738:. Bernhardt is a recipient of the 1392:court-martial in the United States 861:large groups. I saw them shoot an 25: 8720: 8699:Events that led to courts-martial 8131:North Vietnamese invasion of Laos 7828: 7748:. 5 December 1969. Archived from 7704:The My Lai Massacre: A Case Study 7533:New Haven: Yale University Press. 6737:. CBS. Accessed 23 February 2018. 6622:von Rhein, John (February 2016). 5838:. 2 November 1970. Archived from 5558:Calley jury to call own witnesses 5300:My Lai – WGBH American Experience 4677:Becker, Elizabeth (27 May 2004). 4628:. 5 December 1969. Archived from 4090:Bilton, Michael & Kevin Sim. 3716:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2868:The Mỹ Lai Massacre: A Case Study 2689:Human rights in the United States 2180:in 2024, in a performance by the 1918:published 17 March 1968, nor the 1909: 1831: 1335:In 1968, an American journalist, 1147:of the 11th Brigade on her body. 8602: 8593: 8592: 8583: 8582: 8485:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War 7779:The Vietnam Oral History Project 7733:Lieutenant Calley: His Own Story 7405:(who intervened in the massacre) 7379: 7356: 7339: 7308: 7278: 7212: 7158: 7132: 7110: 7085: 7067: 7038: 7012: 7005:Bilton, Michael, and Kevin Sim. 6999: 6985:. Greenwood Press. p. 363. 6983:War and American Popular Culture 6944: 6917: 6904: 6879: 6858: 6845: 6828: 6788: 6764: 6740: 6724: 6692: 6674: 6659: 6641: 6615: 6593: 6587: 6561: 6543: 6517: 6491: 6465: 6439: 6413: 6378: 6365: 6353: 6331: 6318: 6301: 6288: 6275: 6262: 6245: 6233: 6220: 6204: 6191: 6174: 6157: 6141: 6119: 6102: 6083: 6057: 6025: 5999: 5979: 5953: 5941: 5919: 5907: 5888: 5876: 5854: 5824: 5801: 5781: 5764: 5714: 5681: 5664: 5651: 5635: 5610: 5584: 5551: 5535: 5519: 5448: 5422: 5414:. 21 August 2009. Archived from 5400: 5382: 5365: 5291: 5271: 5242: 5195: 5146: 5103: 5090: 5043: 5017: 4991: 4017:Vietnam Veterans Against the War 3853:, The Vietnam Veterans Memorial. 3537:Women, children died in village. 3015:from the original on 8 June 2024 2673: 2659: 2614: 2605: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2486: 2474: 2462: 2457:Unidentified dead Vietnamese man 2450: 2438: 2141:, which peaked at No. 37 in the 2005: 1385: 1380:Vietnam War Crimes Working Group 1118:United States Secretary of State 642:Sơn Mỹ operations, 16 March 1968 544:on 16 March 1968, involving the 487: 465:Vietnam War Crimes Working Group 8121:Vietnamese migration of 1954–55 7947: 7868:The My Lai Courts-Martial, 1970 7823:deals with the My Lai Massacre. 7759:The My Lai Courts-Martial, 1970 7556:The Court-Martial of Lt. Calley 7386:Our Projects: Mỹ Lai Peace Park 7353:, Vol. 62, No. 4, Winter, 2003. 7231:. ASIANetwork Exchange: 60–79. 6855:, cineblog.it, 9 December 2010. 6667:Interviews with My Lai Veterans 6298:. New York: Random House, 1970. 6067:. Fsa.ulaval.ca. Archived from 5251:"Again, the Suffering of Mylai" 5143:. New York: Random House, 1972. 5026:"Vietnam, The War Crimes Files" 4980: 4958: 4897: 4884: 4819: 4799: 4772: 4737: 4670: 4644: 4614: 4601: 4574: 4548: 4522:Brooke, Edward William (2007). 4493: 4473: 4454: 4445:"The Men Talked of the Killing" 4438: 4360: 4291: 4215: 4199: 4174: 4161: 4113: 4097: 4056: 3978: 3834: 3818: 3803: 3780: 3754: 3665: 3545: 3530: 3498: 3482: 3470: 3454: 3437: 3425: 3380: 3361: 3348: 3330: 3286: 3254: 3225: 3200: 3175: 3150: 3132: 3094: 3068: 3056: 3027: 2995: 2961: 2939: 2921: 2903: 2815:Corley, Christopher L. (2007). 2376:–winning book by Seymour Hersh. 2362:The American Experience: My Lai 2349:On 26 April 2010, the American 2250:Interviews with My Lai Veterans 1938:Recent Operations in Pinkville, 1742:'s 1970 Ethical Humanist Award. 1581: 1519:Army of the Republic of Vietnam 1018:for other services in Vietnam. 8664:History of Quảng Ngãi province 8370:United States prisoners of war 7448:. University Press of Kansas. 7428:Lafayette, La.: Acadian House. 7139:Lendon, Brad (21 March 2021). 6228:Recent Operations in Pinkville 6215:Trident, 11th Infantry Brigade 5594:. Law.umkc.edu. Archived from 5249:Teitel, Martin (6 June 1972). 5114:. Law.umkc.edu. Archived from 5100:, New York: Times Books, 1998. 4830:. Law.umkc.edu. Archived from 4490:, Louisiana, in December 1994. 4469:(2): 248 – via ProQuest. 4158:, New York: Basic Books, 1999. 3890:"Books: Enemies of the People" 2891: 2873: 2860: 2835: 2808: 2790: 2725: 2481:SP5 Capezza burning a dwelling 2409: 1317:According to Peers' findings: 1182:Public revelation and reaction 1172:House Armed Services Committee 968:to open fire on the soldiers. 568:and B Company, 4th Battalion, 13: 1: 8553:Henry Kissinger’s involvement 7767:Again, the Suffering of Mylai 7740:"My Lai: An American Tragedy" 7411:Americal Locations in Vietnam 7193:Raviv, Shaun (January 2018). 6671:, IMDb; accessed 21 May 2023. 6339:"Nation: The My Lai Massacre" 5724:. Nysec.org. 7 September 2010 5646:Daytona Beach Morning Journal 5516:. New York: Free Press, 1976. 5298:Complete Program Transcript, 4426:. Law.umkc.edu. December 1994 3841:Glenn Urban Andreotta profile 3338:"Company C Actions at My Lai" 2719: 2396: 2229:On television, film and video 2182:London Philharmonic Orchestra 2135:The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley 1475:Classification as a war crime 692:was located southwest of the 260:assault with intent to murder 162:Mỹ Lai 4 and Mỹ Khe 4 hamlets 8669:Massacres in the Vietnam War 7660:, McClelland & Stewart. 7020:"LHCMA Catalogue: Papers of 6956:Cleveland Plain Dealer Extra 6752:. BBC Radio 4. 15 March 2008 6525:"Bubbling Under the Hot 100" 6268:Belknap, Michael R. (2002). 6090:Charlie Company Roster, 1968 5397:. Accessed 23 February 2018. 4758:10.1080/10584609.2014.944323 4526:Bridging the Divide: My Life 3686:10.1080/10584609.2014.944323 2016:scoop on the Mỹ Lai massacre 1770:had vowed to not kill again. 1512: 1458:Distinguished Service Medals 1454:Superintendent of West Point 1031: 946:Helicopter crew intervention 633: 470:Winter Soldier Investigation 7: 8161:Independence Palace bombing 7821:Chapter 24 "Transgressions" 7795:Valentine, Douglas (1990). 7790:Special Report: Tiger Force 7645:. Oxford University Press. 6387:Journal of American Studies 5914:"Frederick Widmer Obituary" 4968:. History. 5 September 1969 4463:Journal of American Studies 4249:Journal of American Studies 3635:My Lai: An American Tragedy 3046:by William George Eckhardt 3043:My Lai: An American Tragedy 3036:The Son My Village Incident 2754:Brownmiller, Susan (1975). 2652: 2517:Unidentified Vietnamese man 2247:The 1971 documentary short 1586: 1366:In April 1972, Congressman 1285:General Counsel of the Army 1247:all covered the story, and 1088:"Five O'Clock Follies" 930:Rape during the Vietnam War 786: 10: 8725: 8679:Torture in the Vietnam War 8543:Canada and the Vietnam War 8212:1965 South Vietnamese coup 8020:People's Republic of China 8000:International participants 7864:Crime Library on truTV.com 7774:, 7 June 1972, p. 45. 7600:Hersh, Seymour M. (1970). 7585:Hersh, Seymour M. (1972). 7522:Goldstein, Joseph. (1976) 7519:New York: Arlington House. 7444:Belknap, Michal R. (2002) 7417:Anderson, David L. (1998) 6977:M. Paul Holsinger (1999). 6324:"The massacre at Mỹ Lai", 4142:Angers (1999), pp. 219–20. 3633:Eckhardt, William George. 2910:"The 'Pinkville' Incident" 2334:broadcast the documentary 2283:broadcast the documentary 2272:as Lieutenant Calley, and 2164:In 1971 American composer 1469:Tokyo War Crimes Tribunals 1226:The Cleveland Plain Dealer 1116:In May 2004, Powell, then 1072:Investigation and cover-up 1000:Distinguished Flying Cross 927: 905:3rd Infantry Regiment 580:). Some of the women were 525:[tʰâːmʂǎːtmǐˀlāːj] 29: 8689:March 1968 events in Asia 8644:Anti-Vietnamese sentiment 8578: 8548:CIA activities in Vietnam 8530: 8477: 8434: 8396: 8320: 8144: 8078: 8045: 7964: 7955: 7701:Raimondo, Maj. Tony, JA. 7568:, Oxford, 2017, 504 pp., 7472:Virginia Quarterly Review 6399:10.1017/S0021875803007102 6371:Oliver, Kendrick (2006). 6360:Christian Science Monitor 6240:Summary of Peers's Report 5885:, p. 975, 7 October 1969. 5473:"Ltc Frank Akeley Barker" 5330:, CNN.com, 16 March 1998. 4944:. New York: Basic Books. 4779:Oliver, Kendrick (2006). 4715:Oliver, Kendrick (2006). 4261:10.1017/S0021875803007102 4243:Oliver, Kendrick (2003). 4167:Westmoreland, William C. 4094:. New York: Viking, 1992. 3768:. London. 11 January 2006 3656:Allison, William Thomas. 3580:"Summary of Peers Report" 3540:The Sydney Morning Herald 3432:"The Villagers of My Lai" 3414:28 September 2015 at the 3387:My Lai: A Half Told Story 3081:29 September 2007 at the 2699:Operation Wheeler/Wallowa 2567: 2085:Christian Science Monitor 2004: 1999: 1745:PFC Herbert L. Carter – " 1564:Greater Columbus, Georgia 1411:, Georgia, and put under 1266:National Security Advisor 1002:, while his crew members 460:Viet Cong and PAVN terror 450: 337: 288: 266: 251: 241: 223: 201: 186: 166: 158: 140: 101: 82: 62: 54: 41: 8570:Women in the Vietnam War 8502:United States news media 8447:Indochina refugee crisis 8442:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 8217:Bombing of North Vietnam 8156:Strategic Hamlet Program 7840:25 February 2017 at the 7707:, Human Rights Program, 7658:In the Lake of the Woods 7554:Hammer, Richard. (1971) 7515:Gershen, Martin. (1971) 7466:13 November 2013 at the 7441:, 27 May 2004 (mirrored) 7026:. King's College, London 6551:"Kronos Quartet: Mỹ Lai" 6199:Pacific Star and Stripes 6152:Lewiston Morning Tribune 6008:"The Massacre at My Lai" 5931:19 November 2013 at the 5110:Linder, Douglas (1999). 5050:Linder, Douglas (1999). 4938:Nelson, Deborah (2008). 4894:. New York: Knopf, 1968. 4826:Linder, Douglas (1999). 4807:"The Judgement of Peers" 4581:Oliver, Kendick (2006). 3313:"The Massacre at My Lai" 3211:. Penguin. p. 130. 3182:Neale, Jonathan (2003). 2385:relates to these events. 2131:Vietnam War Song Project 2127:Vietnam War Song Project 2119: 2115:Cultural representations 1868:reportedly shot at them. 1851:, and then sold them to 1344:Operation Speedy Express 923: 659:People's Army of Vietnam 574:23rd (Americal) Division 397:Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất 8189:Gulf of Tonkin incident 8110:Battle of Dien Bien Phu 7911:28 October 2017 at the 7899:28 October 2017 at the 7850:, WGBH, PBS Documentary 7777:Texas Tech University. 7536:Greiner, Bernd. (2009) 7529:Greiner, Bernd. (2009) 7009:. London: Viking, 1992. 6095:28 October 2017 at the 5796:Ellensburg Daily Record 4746:Political Communication 3674:Political Communication 3640:7 November 2007 at the 3615:"My Lai, And Its Omens" 3556:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 3505:Summary of Peers report 3373:28 October 2017 at the 2971:St. Louis Post Dispatch 2866:MAJ Tony Raimondo, JA. 2184:under the direction of 1970:Huntley-Brinkley Report 1390:On 17 November 1970, a 1062:William C. Westmoreland 958:"just following orders" 630:commuted his sentence. 8598:Battles and operations 8538:Awards and decorations 8452:Vietnamese boat people 8421:Impact of Agent Orange 8409:Body count controversy 8116:1954 Geneva Conference 7858:, Library of Congress. 7709:School of the Americas 7675:, Palgrave MacMillan. 7579:London Review of Books 7369:29 August 2013 at the 7285:Kucera, Karil (2008). 7195:"The Ghosts of My Lai" 7118:"Introduction general" 5813:7 October 2013 at the 5772:"Reflection on My Lai" 5770:Lawrence C. La Croix. 5379:. NPR. 21 August 2009. 4424:"The Heroes of My Lai" 4073:. 2003. Archived from 3888:Koenig, Rhoda (1992). 3810:Jones, Howard (2017). 3793:8 October 2014 at the 2842:Jones, Howard (2017). 2577: 2544: 2330:On 15 March 2008, the 2308:In 1994, a video film 2209: 2201:Harriet Scott Chessman 1948: 1931:On 12 April 1968, the 1883:Rescue helicopter crew 1626:23rd Infantry Division 1572: 1447:command responsibility 1378:task force called the 1353:battlefields of Verdun 1333: 1324: 1108: 1041: 992: 896: 881: 868: 797: 721:Muscatine County, Iowa 655:23rd Infantry Division 643: 576:(organized as part of 572:, 11th Brigade of the 562:20th Infantry Regiment 520: 218:23rd Infantry Division 210:20th Infantry Regiment 125:15.17833°N 108.86944°E 46: 8649:Collective punishment 8639:1968 in South Vietnam 8307:1975 spring offensive 8266:ARVN campaign in Laos 8262:Vietnamization policy 7656:O'Brien, Tim. (1994) 7641:Jones, Howard (2017) 7526:New York: Free Press. 7424:Angers, Trent (1999) 7219:Tamashiro, R (2018). 7120:. War Remnants Museum 6211:"Muscatine bats 1000" 5751:19 March 2017 at the 5579:The Victoria Advocate 5562:The Milwaukee Journal 5377:All Things Considered 5306:15 March 2017 at the 3846:17 March 2014 at the 3420:The Milwaukee Journal 3391:Sunday Times Magazine 2575: 2542: 2203:and performed by the 2040:Dispatch News Service 1944: 1622:11th Infantry Brigade 1568: 1436:Secretary of the Army 1424:disciplinary barracks 1372:Department of Defense 1328: 1319: 1307:Secretary of the Army 1305:was appointed by the 1204:Dispatch News Service 1153:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1103: 1039: 988: 894: 876: 854: 794: 641: 626:after U.S. president 570:3rd Infantry Regiment 214:3rd Infantry Regiment 8426:Environmental impact 8298:Battle of Phước Long 8063:Cold War (1962–1979) 7752:on 28 November 2007. 7479:Four Hours in My Lai 7459:Beidler, Philip D., 7414:, cited 3 June 2006. 7199:Smithsonian Magazine 7022:Four Hours in My Lai 5842:on 30 September 2007 5648:, 17 September 1971. 5222:Turse, Nick (2013). 4125:24 June 2010 at the 4092:Four Hours in My Lai 3922:Jones, Adam (2010). 3209:Four Hours in My Lai 3008:Time (magazine) Time 2918:, 14 September 2013. 2681:United States portal 2562:Second Indochina War 2535:Historical memorials 2286:Four Hours in My Lai 2281:Yorkshire Television 2242:To Kill or Be Killed 2234:In the third season 1801:Berkeley, California 1264:who was at the time 1260:discussed them with 1258:Secretary of Defense 863:M79 grenade launcher 357:U.S. Embassy bombing 8506:In popular culture 8459:Sino-Vietnamese War 8289:Paris Peace Accords 8102:First Indochina War 8091:Japanese occupation 8058:Cambodian Civil War 7873:The My Lai Massacre 7847:American Experience 7798:The Phoenix Program 7770:, article preview, 7731:Sack, John. (1971) 7431:Becker, Elizabeth. 7376:, March/April 2009. 7362:Westfall, Marilyn. 7315:Sen (17 May 2019). 6910:Frascina, Francis, 6822:American Experience 6473:"Billboard Hot 100" 6362:, 24 November 1969. 6349:on 13 October 2007. 6315:, 17 November 1969. 6259:, 28 December 2003. 6171:, 27 November 1969. 6116:, 18 December 1970. 5758:American Experience 5678:, 14 December 1969. 5548:, 19 December 1969. 5532:, 23 February 1971. 5462:, 22 November 2010. 5118:on 24 December 2010 4872:on 21 February 2007 4812:The Washington Post 4658:. 21 September 2017 4632:on 14 December 2008 4562:on 14 December 2008 4449:The Palm Beach Post 4230:, 12 February 1973. 4003:Zutz, John (1998). 3558:, 25 February 1971. 3542:, 21 November 1969. 3527:, 20 November 1969. 3493:The Palm Beach Post 3269:Library of Congress 3240:Library of Congress 3147:, 21 December 1970. 3088:Amarillo Globe-News 3011:. 25 January 1971. 2558:First Indochina War 2554:War Remnants Museum 2356:American Experience 1991:The Washington Post 1916:Americal News Sheet 1722:University of Miami 1509:common in Vietnam. 1420:convening authority 1311:Army Chief of Staff 1188:premeditated murder 1140:Ronald L. Ridenhour 1051:Quảng Ngãi Province 686:Quảng Ngãi province 550:Quảng Ngãi province 256:Premeditated murder 146: (56 years ago) 130:15.17833; 108.86944 121: / 92:Quảng Ngãi province 8280:Christmas bombings 8253:Cambodian campaign 7720:"Jesus Was a Gook" 7623:Hersh, Seymour M. 7615:Hersh, Seymour M. 7439:The New York Times 6958:. 20 November 2009 6851:Cigognini, Carla, 6731:"My Lai Revisited" 6628:chicagotribune.com 6574:The New York Times 6313:The New York Times 6294:Hersh, Seymour M. 6257:The New York Times 6169:The New York Times 6154:, 14 January 1971. 6125:Yarborough, Trin. 6114:The New York Times 5967:on 9 December 2015 5900:6 May 2016 at the 5819:University of Utah 5798:, 7 December 1970. 5676:The New York Times 5670:Lelyveld, Joseph. 5659:The My Lai Inquiry 5657:Peers, William R. 5573:Greider, William. 5418:on 26 August 2009. 5256:The New York Times 5189:The New York Times 5139:Hersh, Seymour M. 5058:on 6 November 2010 4921:"A My Lai a Month" 4890:Schell, Jonathan. 4683:The New York Times 4401:on 9 February 2011 4108:The Calgary Herald 3619:The New York Times 3613:Hersh, Seymour M. 3592:on 25 January 2000 3519:Hersh, Seymour M. 3467:, 13 January 1971. 3451:, 13 January 1971. 3449:The New York Times 3292:Oliver, Kendrick. 3091:, 6 December 2000. 3050:2007-11-07 at the 2935:on 20 August 2013. 2929:"My Lai – Letters" 2915:Lapham's Quarterly 2887:on 20 August 2013. 2578: 2545: 2429:from the period." 2217:Vân-Ánh Vanessa Võ 2018:, 20 November 1969 1986:The New York Times 1953:David H. Hackworth 1845:Ronald L. Haeberle 1669:a body count of 6. 1532:The New York Times 1490:The New York Times 1358:In July 1969, the 1223:were published in 1221:Ronald L. Haeberle 1215:the New York Times 1212:in Montgomery and 1170:. Udall urged the 1042: 897: 879:what I was seeing. 798: 740:Pinkville Massacre 713:Lieutenant Colonel 705:search-and-destroy 694:Batangan Peninsula 644: 616:William Calley Jr. 542:United States Army 442:Cai Lậy schoolyard 206:United States Army 144:16 March 1968 75:Ronald L. Haeberle 8694:Conflicts in 1968 8659:Massacres in 1968 8616: 8615: 8333:Ho Chi Minh trail 8226:Buddhist Uprising 8184:Coup against Minh 8175:Coup against Diem 8098:(1949–1955) 8053:Laotian Civil War 8046:Related conflicts 8025:Republic of China 7735:New York: Viking. 7629:Harper's Magazine 7558:New York: Coward. 7296:. Studies on Asia 7079:The News-Dispatch 7048:(14 March 1970). 7046:Peers, William R. 6700:"Remember My Lai" 6601:Los Angeles Times 6557:. 16 August 2023. 6555:kronosquartet.org 6448:"Music of My Lai" 6446:Brosnahan, Cori. 6420:Brummer, Justin. 5895:"Remember My Lai" 5866:Biloxi Sun Herald 5776:Los Angeles Times 5546:Los Angeles Times 5530:Rome News-Tribune 5434:Los Angeles Times 5412:The Seattle Times 5286:Los Angeles Times 5201:Taylor, Telford. 5085:Dayton Daily News 5030:Los Angeles Times 5004:Los Angeles Times 4951:978-0-465-00527-7 4594:978-0-7190-6891-1 4541:978-0-8135-3905-8 4484:Tulane University 4344:. US Army. 2021. 4297:Kurlansky, Mark. 4210:Stars and Stripes 4182:"My Lai Massacre" 4169:A Soldier Reports 4110:, 17 August 1971. 4080:on 24 March 2012. 4044:. 11 January 2006 3968:978-0-313-30881-9 3935:978-0-415-48618-7 3894:New York Magazine 3874:978-0-925417-33-6 3851:Names on the Wall 3829:Tulane University 3798:The Seattle Times 3723:978-1-4438-6948-5 3144:Bangor Daily News 3074:Smith, Karen D., 2977:Pierretristam.com 2947:"Remember My Lai" 2853:978-0-195-39360-6 2765:978-0-671-22062-4 2639:Hugh Thompson Jr. 2633:Mỹ Lai Peace Park 2529:Victims at Mỹ Lai 2359:series, entitled 2340:BBC World Service 2276:as Frank Crowder. 2174:Colorado Symphony 2080:Richard L. Strout 2023: 2022: 1981:Columbus Enquirer 1925:Stars and Stripes 1892:Hugh Thompson Jr. 1764:Los Angeles Times 1642:Oran K. Henderson 1597:Task Force Barker 1080:Stars and Stripes 1057:Charlie Company. 1010:were awarded the 965:point-blank range 954:Hugh Thompson Jr. 747:Oran K. Henderson 709:Task Force Barker 597:Hugh Thompson Jr. 578:Task Force Barker 540:committed by the 478: 477: 292: 291: 271:Life imprisonment 228:Hugh Thompson Jr. 88:Sơn Tịnh district 16:(Redirected from 8716: 8606: 8605: 8596: 8595: 8586: 8585: 8343:Operation Popeye 8275:Easter Offensive 8096:State of Vietnam 8086:French Indochina 8068:Cold War in Asia 7976:Việt Minh / PAVN 7942: 7935: 7928: 7919: 7918: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7764:Teitel, Martin. 7753: 7718:Ridenhour, Ron. 7604:. Random House. 7589:. Random House. 7461:"Calley's Ghost" 7389: 7383: 7377: 7360: 7354: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7330: 7328: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7291: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7240: 7238:10.16995/ane.267 7216: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7190: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7170:What a Wow World 7162: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7148: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7100: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7054: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7031: 7016: 7010: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6948: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6921: 6915: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6887:"The Lieutenant" 6883: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6862: 6856: 6849: 6843: 6837: 6836:My Lai Four 2009 6832: 6826: 6825: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6744: 6738: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6708:. Archived from 6696: 6690: 6689: 6678: 6672: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6655:. 16 March 2022. 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6382: 6376: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6335: 6329: 6322: 6316: 6305: 6299: 6292: 6286: 6279: 6273: 6266: 6260: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6226:Roberts, Jay A. 6224: 6218: 6208: 6202: 6195: 6189: 6186:Orlando Sentinel 6178: 6172: 6161: 6155: 6145: 6139: 6123: 6117: 6106: 6100: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6071:on 3 August 2012 6061: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6037: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5963:. Archived from 5957: 5951: 5945: 5939: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5892: 5886: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5828: 5822: 5805: 5799: 5791: 5785: 5779: 5778:, 25 March 1993. 5768: 5762: 5743: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5685: 5679: 5668: 5662: 5655: 5649: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5588: 5582: 5581:, 10 March 1971. 5571: 5565: 5555: 5549: 5539: 5533: 5523: 5517: 5510: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5469: 5463: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5436:. 22 August 2009 5426: 5420: 5419: 5404: 5398: 5386: 5380: 5369: 5363: 5362:, 16 March 2008. 5360:Associated Press 5353: 5347: 5346:, 16 March 2008. 5337: 5331: 5327: 5322: 5311: 5295: 5289: 5288:, 13 March 1988. 5281: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5219: 5210: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5184: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5165:on 16 March 2015 5161:. Archived from 5150: 5144: 5137: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5107: 5101: 5094: 5088: 5087:, 16 March 2013. 5077: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5010: 4995: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4871: 4864: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4834:on 27 April 1999 4823: 4817: 4816: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4656:The Plain Dealer 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4618: 4612: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4529: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4497: 4491: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4458: 4452: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4391: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4334: 4328: 4311: 4302: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4240: 4231: 4219: 4213: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4178: 4172: 4165: 4159: 4154:Bourke, Joanna. 4152: 4143: 4140: 4134: 4117: 4111: 4101: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4068: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3956: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3860: 3854: 3838: 3832: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3800:, 10 March 2002. 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3728: 3727: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3669: 3663: 3654: 3645: 3631: 3622: 3621:, 16 March 1998. 3611: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3588:. Archived from 3576: 3559: 3549: 3543: 3534: 3528: 3525:The Plain Dealer 3517: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3458: 3452: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3407:Hersh, Seymour. 3405: 3394: 3384: 3378: 3365: 3359: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3308: 3297: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3266: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3237: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3154: 3148: 3136: 3130: 3121:, 1977. p. 310, 3098: 3092: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3034:Summary Report: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3020: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2979:. Archived from 2965: 2959: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2925: 2919: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2877: 2871: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2823: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2729: 2709:Russell Tribunal 2683: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2643:Lawrence Colburn 2618: 2609: 2591:Lawrence Colburn 2583:Ronald Ridenhour 2548:Ho Chi Minh City 2526: 2514: 2502: 2490: 2478: 2466: 2454: 2442: 2336:The My Lai Tapes 2310:My Lai Revisited 2215:instrumentalist 2214: 2199:and libretto by 2178:Toccata Classics 2071: 2063:The Plain Dealer 2059:Joseph Eszterhas 2014:The Plain Dealer 2009: 2008: 1997: 1996: 1976:Phoenix Republic 1955: 1904:Lawrence Colburn 1849:The Plain Dealer 1656:Samuel W. Koster 1428:Fort Leavenworth 1400:following orders 1303:William R. Peers 1229:. The same day, 1099:Creighton Abrams 1008:Lawrence Colburn 725:Samuel W. Koster 604:Ronald Ridenhour 535: 534: 533: 527: 509: 508: 505: 504: 501: 497: 496: 493: 367:Bình An/Tây Vinh 332: 318: 311: 304: 295: 294: 277:to three years' 232:Lawrence Colburn 154: 152: 147: 136: 135: 133: 132: 131: 126: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 86:Sơn Mỹ village, 67: 50: 49: 39: 38: 21: 8724: 8723: 8719: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8713: 8629:Mỹ Lai massacre 8619: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8574: 8559:Pentagon Papers 8526: 8473: 8430: 8392: 8316: 8170:Buddhist crisis 8140: 8126:1955 referendum 8074: 8041: 7960: 7951: 7946: 7913:Wayback Machine 7901:Wayback Machine 7842:Wayback Machine 7831: 7826: 7813: 7811: 7809: 7738: 7512:, 10 March 2002 7499:, 1973 and 2004 7487:After Pinkville 7484:Chomsky, Noam. 7468:Wayback Machine 7397: 7395:Further reading 7392: 7384: 7380: 7371:Wayback Machine 7361: 7357: 7345:Becker, Carol. 7344: 7340: 7326: 7324: 7321:e.vnexpress.net 7313: 7309: 7299: 7297: 7289: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7266:. 11 March 2023 7258: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7217: 7213: 7203: 7201: 7191: 7184: 7174: 7172: 7164: 7163: 7159: 7146: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7123: 7121: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7098: 7096: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7073: 7072: 7068: 7052: 7043: 7039: 7029: 7027: 7018: 7017: 7013: 7004: 7000: 6993: 6975: 6971: 6961: 6959: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6935: 6933: 6923: 6922: 6918: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6893: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6870: 6868: 6866:"My Lai Inside" 6864: 6863: 6859: 6850: 6846: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6779: 6777: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6664: 6660: 6653:folkways.si.edu 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6592: 6588: 6578: 6576: 6566: 6562: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6534: 6532: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6418: 6414: 6383: 6379: 6370: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6323: 6319: 6306: 6302: 6293: 6289: 6280: 6276: 6267: 6263: 6250: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6225: 6221: 6209: 6205: 6196: 6192: 6188:, 30 July 1989. 6179: 6175: 6162: 6158: 6146: 6142: 6124: 6120: 6108:Bigart, Homer. 6107: 6103: 6097:Wayback Machine 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6048: 6046: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6004: 6000: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5933:Wayback Machine 5924: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5902:Wayback Machine 5893: 5889: 5881: 5877: 5872:on 16 May 2021. 5860: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5815:Wayback Machine 5808:Digital History 5806: 5802: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5769: 5765: 5753:Wayback Machine 5744: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5669: 5665: 5656: 5652: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5622:virtualwall.org 5616: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5572: 5568: 5564:, 6 March 1971. 5556: 5552: 5540: 5536: 5524: 5520: 5511: 5488: 5478: 5476: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5428: 5427: 5423: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5387: 5383: 5370: 5366: 5354: 5350: 5338: 5334: 5325: 5323: 5314: 5308:Wayback Machine 5296: 5292: 5279: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5220: 5213: 5200: 5196: 5185: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5153:Cosgrove, Ben. 5151: 5147: 5138: 5131: 5121: 5119: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5091: 5079:McCarty, Mary. 5078: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5048: 5044: 5034: 5032: 5022: 5018: 5008: 5006: 4996: 4992: 4985: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4936: 4932: 4914: 4910: 4902: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4862: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4824: 4820: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4742: 4738: 4727: 4713: 4709: 4695: 4693: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4542: 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4478: 4474: 4459: 4455: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4393: 4392: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4327:, 22 July 1996. 4325:Consortium News 4312: 4305: 4296: 4292: 4241: 4234: 4220: 4216: 4204: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4166: 4162: 4153: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4127:Wayback Machine 4118: 4114: 4102: 4098: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4066: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4001: 3997: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3861: 3857: 3848:Wayback Machine 3839: 3835: 3823: 3819: 3808: 3804: 3795:Wayback Machine 3785: 3781: 3771: 3769: 3762:"Hugh Thompson" 3760: 3759: 3755: 3747:Angers, Trent. 3746: 3731: 3724: 3708: 3701: 3670: 3666: 3655: 3648: 3642:Wayback Machine 3632: 3625: 3612: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3578: 3577: 3562: 3550: 3546: 3535: 3531: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3459: 3455: 3443:Bigart, Homer. 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3416:Wayback Machine 3406: 3397: 3385: 3381: 3375:Wayback Machine 3366: 3362: 3354:Robert Lester, 3353: 3349: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3309: 3300: 3291: 3287: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3137: 3133: 3101:Walzer, Michael 3099: 3095: 3083:Wayback Machine 3073: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3052:Wayback Machine 3039: 3032: 3028: 3018: 3016: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2983:on 15 July 2011 2967: 2966: 2962: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2798:Rozman, Gilbert 2795: 2791: 2786:. 20 July 1998. 2778: 2777: 2773: 2766: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2704:Phoenix Program 2694:Massacre at Huế 2679: 2674: 2672: 2665: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2635: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2611: 2610: 2601: 2600: 2570: 2550: 2537: 2530: 2527: 2518: 2515: 2506: 2503: 2494: 2491: 2482: 2479: 2470: 2467: 2458: 2455: 2446: 2443: 2416:Ronald Haeberle 2412: 2399: 2382:The Vietnam War 2297:Remember My Lai 2231: 2197:Jonathan Berger 2122: 2117: 2069: 2019: 2006: 1957: 1950: 1912: 1898:Glenn Andreotta 1885: 1873:Varnado Simpson 1834: 1710: 1630:Howard Callaway 1589: 1584: 1552:Sơn Mỹ Memorial 1515: 1486:Howard Callaway 1477: 1440:Howard Callaway 1388: 1337:Jonathan Schell 1262:Henry Kissinger 1209:Alabama Journal 1184: 1164:Barry Goldwater 1133:Robert McNamara 1074: 1034: 1023:Soldier's Medal 1004:Glenn Andreotta 980:Glenn Andreotta 951:Warrant Officer 948: 932: 926: 872:Ronald Haeberle 789: 781:Varnado Simpson 647:Charlie Company 636: 606:and journalist 529: 528: 521:Thảm sát Mỹ Lai 498: 490: 486: 483:My Lai massacre 479: 474: 446: 333: 324: 322: 262: 236:Glenn Andreotta 169: 150: 148: 145: 129: 127: 123: 120: 115: 112: 110: 108: 107: 78: 69:Photo taken by 47:Thảm sát Mỹ Lai 44: 43: 42:My Lai massacre 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8722: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8600: 8590: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8532: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8504: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8487: 8481: 8479: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8417: 8416: 8411: 8400: 8398: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8390: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8361: 8360: 8355: 8345: 8340: 8338:Sihanouk Trail 8335: 8330: 8328:Củ Chi tunnels 8324: 8322: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8314: 8312:Fall of Saigon 8309: 8300: 8291: 8282: 8277: 8268: 8255: 8246: 8228: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8200: 8195: 8186: 8177: 8172: 8163: 8158: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8099: 8093: 8088: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8070: 8060: 8055: 8049: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 7997: 7987: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7945: 7944: 7937: 7930: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7903: 7891: 7888:Democracy Now! 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7859: 7851: 7830: 7829:External links 7827: 7825: 7824: 7808:978-0595007387 7807: 7792: 7781: 7775: 7772:New York Times 7762: 7754: 7736: 7729: 7722: 7716: 7699: 7697:978-1556556609 7683: 7669: 7654: 7651:978-0195393606 7639: 7632: 7621: 7613: 7598: 7583: 7574:978-0195393606 7559: 7552: 7534: 7527: 7520: 7513: 7500: 7491: 7482: 7475: 7474:, Winter 2003. 7457: 7442: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7406: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7378: 7355: 7338: 7307: 7294:castle.eiu.edu 7277: 7251: 7211: 7182: 7157: 7131: 7109: 7095:. Rough Guides 7084: 7066: 7037: 7011: 6998: 6991: 6969: 6943: 6916: 6903: 6891:Broadway World 6878: 6857: 6844: 6827: 6809: 6787: 6763: 6739: 6723: 6691: 6673: 6658: 6640: 6614: 6586: 6560: 6542: 6516: 6505:. 19 June 1971 6490: 6464: 6438: 6412: 6377: 6364: 6352: 6330: 6317: 6300: 6287: 6274: 6261: 6244: 6232: 6219: 6203: 6190: 6173: 6156: 6140: 6118: 6101: 6082: 6056: 6024: 6012:The New Yorker 5998: 5978: 5952: 5940: 5918: 5906: 5887: 5875: 5853: 5823: 5800: 5780: 5763: 5735: 5713: 5699: 5680: 5663: 5650: 5634: 5609: 5583: 5566: 5550: 5534: 5518: 5486: 5464: 5447: 5421: 5399: 5394:Democracy Now! 5381: 5364: 5348: 5332: 5312: 5290: 5277:Esper, George. 5270: 5241: 5235:978-0805086911 5234: 5211: 5194: 5176: 5145: 5129: 5102: 5096:Neier, Aryeh. 5089: 5069: 5042: 5016: 4990: 4979: 4957: 4950: 4930: 4908: 4904:The New Yorker 4896: 4883: 4854:Thompson, Hugh 4845: 4818: 4798: 4791: 4771: 4736: 4725: 4707: 4669: 4643: 4613: 4600: 4593: 4573: 4547: 4540: 4514: 4492: 4472: 4453: 4451:, 1 June 1970. 4437: 4412: 4381: 4359: 4329: 4318:Norman Solomon 4303: 4290: 4255:(2): 247–268. 4232: 4214: 4198: 4173: 4160: 4144: 4135: 4112: 4096: 4083: 4055: 4029: 3995: 3990:news.bbc.co.uk 3977: 3967: 3941: 3934: 3914: 3880: 3873: 3855: 3833: 3817: 3802: 3779: 3753: 3729: 3722: 3699: 3664: 3646: 3623: 3603: 3560: 3544: 3529: 3509: 3497: 3495:, 29 May 1970. 3481: 3469: 3465:Herald-Journal 3453: 3436: 3424: 3422:, 27 May 1970. 3395: 3379: 3360: 3347: 3329: 3317:The New Yorker 3298: 3285: 3253: 3224: 3217: 3199: 3192: 3174: 3149: 3131: 3127:978-0465052707 3093: 3067: 3055: 3026: 2994: 2960: 2957:on 6 May 2016. 2938: 2920: 2902: 2890: 2872: 2859: 2852: 2834: 2831:on 7 May 2022. 2807: 2789: 2771: 2764: 2746: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2670: 2667:Vietnam portal 2654: 2651: 2634: 2631: 2613: 2612: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2595: 2569: 2566: 2549: 2546: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2437: 2411: 2408: 2403:The Lieutenant 2398: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2386: 2377: 2374:Pulitzer Prize 2366: 2347: 2328: 2319: 2306: 2277: 2262:Stanley Kramer 2258: 2245: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2221:Harris Theater 2205:Kronos Quartet 2189: 2170:A My Lai Elegy 2162: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2044:New York Times 2021: 2020: 2011:Front page of 2010: 2002: 2001: 2000:External image 1963:Consequently, 1943: 1911: 1910:Media coverage 1908: 1907: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1841: 1838: 1833: 1832:Other soldiers 1830: 1826:Judge Advocate 1821: 1820: 1816: 1804: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1754: 1743: 1718: 1709: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1650: 1636: 1633: 1618:William Calley 1612: 1606: 1600: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1514: 1511: 1499:Mere Gook Rule 1480:Telford Taylor 1476: 1473: 1387: 1384: 1183: 1180: 1073: 1070: 1033: 1030: 947: 944: 925: 922: 814:William Calley 788: 785: 773:free fire zone 635: 632: 476: 475: 473: 472: 467: 462: 457: 451: 448: 447: 445: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 362:Saigon bombing 359: 354: 349: 344: 338: 335: 334: 321: 320: 313: 306: 298: 290: 289: 286: 285: 268: 264: 263: 253: 249: 248: 246:William Calley 243: 239: 238: 225: 221: 220: 203: 199: 198: 197: 196: 193: 188: 184: 183: 170: 167: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 142: 138: 137: 105: 99: 98: 84: 80: 79: 68: 60: 59: 52: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8721: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8609: 8601: 8599: 8591: 8589: 8581: 8580: 8577: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8507: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8492: 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Macmillan. 5227: 5226: 5218: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5191:. p. 26. 5190: 5183: 5181: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5136: 5134: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5099: 5093: 5086: 5082: 5076: 5074: 5057: 5053: 5046: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4988: 4983: 4967: 4961: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4934: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4905: 4900: 4893: 4887: 4868: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4794: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4732:be contained. 4728: 4726:9780719068911 4722: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4610: 4609:History Today 4604: 4596: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4577: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4543: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4518: 4502: 4496: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4369: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4300: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4239: 4237: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4170: 4164: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4139: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4116: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4093: 4087: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3945: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3926: 3918: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3876: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3789: 3786:Bock, Paula. 3783: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3750: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3725: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3706: 3704: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3680:(2): 310–11. 3679: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3541: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3514: 3506: 3501: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3351: 3343: 3342:law2.umkc.edu 3339: 3333: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3295: 3289: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3228: 3220: 3218:9780140177091 3214: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3146: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3071: 3064: 3059: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3030: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2972: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2876: 2869: 2863: 2855: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2827: 2820: 2819: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2734: 2728: 2724: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2671: 2668: 2657: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2627: 2617: 2608: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2587:Hugh Thompson 2584: 2574: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2541: 2525: 2520: 2513: 2508: 2501: 2496: 2489: 2484: 2477: 2472: 2465: 2460: 2453: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2417: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2391: 2390:My Lai Inside 2387: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2324:The Addiction 2320: 2317: 2316: 2312:was aired on 2311: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2292:First Tuesday 2288: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2274:Harrison Ford 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2237:Hawaii Five-O 2233: 2232: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2166:Arnold Rosner 2163: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2123: 2112: 2109: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2068: 2067:Time Magazine 2064: 2060: 2056: 2055:whistleblower 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2017: 2015: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1947: 1942: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1865:canister shot 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1827: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732:F. Lee Bailey 1728: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1705: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1677:Ernest Medina 1674: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1646:Hugh Thompson 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1579: 1577: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1405:Richard Nixon 1401: 1396: 1393: 1386:Court martial 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288:Robert Jordan 1286: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1270:Richard Nixon 1268:to President 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1197:Seymour Hersh 1193: 1189: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:Edward Brooke 1165: 1162:and Senators 1161: 1156: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1052: 1046: 1038: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 996: 991: 987: 983: 981: 978: 973: 969: 966: 961: 959: 955: 952: 943: 941: 940:Seymour Hersh 936: 931: 921: 917: 913: 909: 906: 901: 893: 889: 887: 880: 875: 873: 867: 864: 859: 853: 850: 846: 843: 837: 833: 831: 827: 823: 817: 815: 810: 807: 802: 793: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 765: 762: 759: 755: 754:Ernest Medina 750: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 678:Tet Offensive 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 640: 631: 629: 628:Richard Nixon 625: 621: 620:life sentence 617: 613: 609: 608:Seymour Hersh 605: 600: 598: 594: 590: 589:Ernest Medina 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 556:, during the 555: 554:South Vietnam 551: 547: 543: 539: 532: 526: 522: 518: 514: 513: 507: 484: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 452: 449: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 352:Xá Lợi Pagoda 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 339: 336: 331: 327: 326:Mass killings 319: 314: 312: 307: 305: 300: 299: 296: 287: 284: 283:Richard Nixon 281:by President 280: 276: 272: 269: 265: 261: 258:(22 counts), 257: 254: 250: 247: 244: 240: 237: 233: 229: 226: 222: 219: 215: 211: 207: 204: 200: 194: 191: 190: 189: 185: 182: 178: 174: 171: 165: 161: 157: 143: 139: 134: 106: 104: 100: 97: 96:South Vietnam 93: 89: 85: 81: 76: 73:photographer 72: 66: 61: 58: 53: 48: 40: 37: 33: 32:My Lai (film) 19: 8557: 8531:Other topics 8382: 8353:Agent Orange 8302: 8293: 8284: 8270: 8257: 8248: 8230: 8221: 8202: 8179: 8165: 8151: 7965:Participants 7886: 7853: 7845: 7812:. Retrieved 7797: 7785:Toledo Blade 7783: 7771: 7766: 7758: 7750:the original 7743: 7732: 7725: 7713:Fort Benning 7703: 7686: 7672: 7657: 7642: 7635: 7631:, June 2018. 7617: 7601: 7586: 7577: 7565: 7555: 7537: 7530: 7523: 7516: 7509: 7504: 7495: 7486: 7478: 7471: 7445: 7438: 7433: 7425: 7418: 7410: 7381: 7373: 7358: 7350: 7341: 7332: 7325:. Retrieved 7323:. VN Express 7320: 7310: 7298:. Retrieved 7293: 7280: 7268:. Retrieved 7263: 7254: 7242:. Retrieved 7228: 7224: 7214: 7202:. Retrieved 7198: 7173:. Retrieved 7169: 7160: 7152: 7145:. Retrieved 7143:. CNN Travel 7134: 7122:. Retrieved 7112: 7104: 7097:. Retrieved 7087: 7078: 7069: 7040: 7028:. Retrieved 7021: 7014: 7006: 7001: 6982: 6979:"And Babies" 6972: 6960:. Retrieved 6955: 6946: 6934:. Retrieved 6928: 6919: 6911: 6906: 6894:. Retrieved 6890: 6881: 6869:. Retrieved 6860: 6847: 6830: 6821: 6812: 6800:. Retrieved 6790: 6778:. Retrieved 6772: 6766: 6754:. Retrieved 6748: 6742: 6734: 6726: 6714:. 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