Pigeon racing - Knowledge

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loft and peck around in the garden, while doing this they are constantly observing their surroundings and becoming familiar with them. At about age six to seven weeks the birds will begin taking off, flying in very small circles around their loft and owner's house. As their confidence grows they gradually wander farther and farther from home until they are out of sight and can remain so for as much as two hours before returning. When a few trainers fly their pigeons in the same area, these flying "batches" (as flocks of pigeons are called) can number in the thousands. It does not help them much in relation to finding their home from long distances away, a fundamental of pigeon racing. As confident flyers, the young pigeons are taken on progressively longer 'training tosses', driven a distance away from their home and released. This method of training is a way to condition the birds mentally and physically to prepare them for the races. This practice of loft flying and tossing continues throughout a pigeon's career to keep their homing instincts sharp.

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to win the money. The process of racing could be a bit complicated as handlers of their racing pigeons compete with one another. Some handlers could be better than some when it comes down to racing. Therefore, one-loft racing was created. One-loft racing is the process of training birds bred by many different breeders in the same loft, under the same trainer and in the same conditions (as opposed to trainer against trainer in their own lofts and usually with their own birds). It is thought to be the fairest method of proving which

144: 697: 1193: 333: 33: 5299: 5679: 539:. Pigeons are recorded by electronic timing systems scanning the birds as they enter the home loft with winners decided by as little as 100th of a second. The birds are all taken to the same release point and they return to the same home loft, so therefore it is the fastest bird to complete the journey from A to B. One-loft racing is now becoming very popular all around the world with fanciers able to compare their bloodlines on an equal basis against the best breeders. 4519: 866: 4543: 283: 1096: 761: 553: 426: 4555: 4531: 50: 913:

In October 2013, blood samples from twenty Belgian pigeons were sent by the Pigeon Fanciers Association to South Africa for testing. This was the result of an exchange visit by the association to the National Horseracing Authority of Southern Africa. While tests in Belgium had not found traces of any

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that is placed on its leg at about five days old. For a race to be conducted, the competing pigeons must be entered into the race, usually at the organisation's clubhouse, and taken away from their home to be released at a predetermined time and location. The distance between the bird's home loft and

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that has given rise to the racing pigeons of today, capable of finding their way home from over 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) away and flying at speeds in excess of 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph) with a tail wind but average 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph) on a calm day. Hens are often

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One-loft racing originated from local futurity races. Futurity races are when the birds race home from the racing station to their homes. The difference between regular racing and futurity races is futurity races has prize money involved. Usually, the prize is used for a bragging right more so than

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that pigeon racers are forbidden from bearing witness. The Sultan of Baghdad set up a pigeon post system in AD 1150, and Genghis Khan used pigeons to carry message to aid his military intelligence. The sport achieved a great deal of popularity in Belgium in the mid-19th century. The pigeon fanciers

93:, which then return to their homes over a carefully measured distance. The time it takes the animal to cover the specified distance is measured and the bird's rate of travel is calculated and compared with all of the other pigeons in the race to determine which animal returned at the highest speed. 1301:

is one of Europe's hot spots in pigeon racing. Many pigeon breeders join the National Federations every year, triggering more and more competitive challenges. Furthermore, the sport's image has changed in the last decade: nowadays it stands for a fine art in Romania, with symbolic prizes and bets.

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Another hazard that racing pigeons encounter is flying into objects they sometimes cannot see, mostly when flying at high speeds or in darker weather conditions. The most common obstructions are electricity pylons or TV aerials. Pigeon fanciers will often have one of their pigeons return home with

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One of the most popular training systems is widowhood. This system uses the birds' desire to reproduce as motivation to try to give the bird a sense of urgency on race day. The use of widowhood is usually begun by first allowing the racer to raise a baby in their nest box. After the baby is weaned

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before being sent to race. The serial number is recorded, the clock is set and sealed, and the bird carries the ring home. When the first bird returns, its trainer removes the ring and places it in a slot in the clock. The time that the ring was placed in the clock is recorded as the official time

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One recent development in the sport of pigeon racing is "one loft racing", where birds are raced against each other under the same training regimen, from the same location. The principle being to find the best individual race bird irrespective of the race trainer. This will determine which bird is

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Pigeon racing requires a specific breed of pigeon bred for the sport, the Racing Homer. Competing pigeons are specially trained and conditioned for races that vary in distance from approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) to 1,000 kilometres (620 mi). Despite these lengths, races can be won

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After 22 to 28 days in the nest (depending on the owner's preference) the young birds are removed and placed in a section of a large loft or in a smaller loft built for the purpose. After a few days of learning how to locate the water and eating by themselves they are allowed to wander out of the

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associated with racing, a single pigeon could compete from about six months of age and still be in competition at over ten years of age. Such feats are uncommon; the average racing career spans three to four years. Hazards can also come from weather conditions on the day of the race. Pigeons can

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The sport was aided by several new technologies of the era. The advent of the railroad permitted pigeons to be sent to distant release points quickly and at modest cost. In addition, the creation of mass-produced, sophisticated timing clocks brought accurate and secure timing to the sport. These

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Apart from the sport of racing against each other, fanciers also exhibit racing pigeons at organised shows and have a judge decide who has the better bird. British Homing World holds a show each year; all profits from the event are donated to both national and local charities, including

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Homing Society Racing Pigeon Club in Wales won an award to fund a new electronic timing device. The club was able to obtain the device thanks to funding from the All Wales award initiative. Club secretary John Williams said: "The electronic timer certainly makes it a lot easier for us".

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In conjunction with this new way of registering a bird's arrival, loft management software packages have been developed in the last 10 years to help fanciers with record keeping, producing pigeon pedigrees, publishing race results or keeping track of treatment and vaccination records.

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The sport of pigeon racing has increased in Canada with Pigeon Clubs and Ladies Auxiliary popping up in cities and towns. The CRPU, the Canadian Racing Pigeon Union, is an organisation that is dedicated to the growth, preservation and support of pigeon racing in Canada.

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the birds to the release points. This transporter enables the birds to be fed and watered en route before mass release at a predetermined time for their flight back to various home lofts. Many thousands of pigeons compete in races each weekend during the winter months.

1212:. Each year the QRPF organises pigeon races for its some 80 members. These races start at approximately 145 kilometres (90 mi) in distance and continue on a gradual basis out to distances of over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi). A specialised transporter is used to 944:

In 1995 the Belgian Ministry of Health mandated drug testing in order to protect the welfare of the birds. The sport's governing body was looking at the possibility of implementing new anti-doping rules for the sport prior to the commencement of the 2014 season.

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and the time taken by the bird to return is measured using one of the two acceptable timing methods. Sometimes in some leagues, there are two divisions: one for the young birds (usually yearlings in their first year of competition) and another for older birds.

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is placed at the entry point to the loft entrance and as the pigeon crosses it the electronic band is scanned. The clock is attached to the antennas. The serial number of the transponder ring is recorded along with the time of arrival. This is very similar to

1386:, believed that it was unfair to allow concerns about avian flu to throttle the fanciers' sport. Simpson said, "But what is clearly apparent now is that pigeon are low-risk in regards to avian flu and the decision to ban continental pigeon racing was wrong." 183:, some are still in service today. Modern pigeon racing originated in Belgium in the mid 19th century. Racing pigeons were first developed in Belgium and England at the same time. They are the result of crossing of a number of other breeds, primarily the 1423:'s one-loft race, sees birds from across the world air-freighted to South Africa as squabs, months before the race, and trained to orient to a single loft. Then on race day, after being released 550 kilometres (340 mi) out on the South African 199:

clocks were designed with special compartments where an entry band, removed from the returning race bird was placed. When struck, the clock recorded the time and also placed the band in a compartment that could only be opened by race officials.

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has more racing pigeon events than any other country in the world, and can point to between two and three million birds. Nearly 500,000 people race pigeons on the island, and each year, prize money for races reaches the billions of NT dollars.

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In the early days of racing, paint was used to identify birds for owners. Belgium then developed a ⅛-inch brass leg band, that was sent to racers in America to use. Since then, to compete in a race, it must wear a permanent, unique numbered

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won a race in 1990. King Charles III recently withdrew from patronage of the sport's governing body. The sport is declining in the UK, with membership of recognised clubs and federations falling by about five per cent annually.

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Pigeon racing has been described as the "sport with a single starting gate and a thousand finish lines." In short, competing birds are taken from their lofts and must race home. The time taken and distance are recorded and the

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of the 36th ward introduced the newest legislation June 2018, on behalf of the Polish constituents in his ward, saying the sport is deeply loved in Poland and a number of residents want to reintroduce the sport to Chicago.

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and lost by seconds, so many different timing and measuring devices have been developed. The traditional timing method involves rubber rings being placed into a specially designed clock, whereas a newer development uses

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is declared the winner. Races are generally between 100 kilometres (62 mi) and 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) in distance. In the United States flights of up to 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) have been recorded.

387:. The bird's arrival is recorded automatically. When using an electronic system, the pigeon fancier does not even have to be at the loft to clock the birds as they return. Birds are fitted with a band that has a tiny 2221: 940:

In 2001 a series of raids across 80 homes led to the confiscation of large quantities of illegal performance-enhancers. Currently, all race winners are tested and over 100 samples were collected and tested in 2013.

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which the Flemish fanciers developed spread to most parts of the world. Once quite popular, the sport has experienced a downturn in participants in some parts of the world in recent years, possibly due to the rising

2073: 1247:, Belgium. Louis Janssen, born 1912, was the last-surviving of the famous brothers. He died on 16 April 2013, at the age of 100. Descendants of the brothers' pigeons can be found racing all around the world. 1305:

In 2019, the Madona National Marathon, a competition organized by Best Pigeons, had the highest number of pigeons ever registered on a Romanian competition: over 19,000 birds and over 1,000 breeders.

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there are three pigeon racing associations which look after the sport and organize many races. There are thousands of registered pigeon fanciers in Bangladesh. Pakistan also has many pigeon clubs.

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The sport was introduced into the United States about 1875, although regular racing did not begin until 1878. The sport of pigeon racing is well established in the US, and growing. According to the

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Pigeon racing was particularly popular throughout the twentieth century in the New York City area, particularly in Brooklyn/Coney Island and in Hoboken New Jersey, where it still has devotees.

1270:(the Polish Association of Mail Pigeon Breeders), which has over 40,000 members. The first local association of pigeon breeders in the Polish lands under occupation was established in 1905 in 1411:

South Africa is the home of the richest one-loft race in the world, the Million Dollar Pigeon Race. The Million Dollar Pigeon Race involves 4,300 birds from 25 countries with a prize fund of

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In 2007 the British Parliament banned pigeons racing from continental Europe to Britain because of the risk of bird flu. A British MEP supported fanciers to have the ban lifted. Labours MEP

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The pigeon's "official time" is not the actual time it arrived; it is the time the ring was removed, placed in the clock and recorded, which could be many vital seconds later.

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to avian racers. The drugs are used to produce similar effects to those found in human athletes, building up muscle tissue and opening the respiratory tracts. In addition,

2430: 998:, but there have been a number of attempts to amend the ban since then (by making exemptions to the ban for members of a national professional organization). Alderman 2522: 210:, began as a pigeon service carrying closing stock prices between Belgium and Germany, basically between the western and eastern terminus of the telegraph in Europe. 2065: 2248: 1637: 1014:

Pigeon racing is becoming increasingly popular in parts of Asia, especially Indonesia, India, China, Pakistan, Iran, Philippines, Japan, Taiwan and Bangladesh. In

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While there is no definite proof, there are compelling reasons to think the sport of racing pigeons may go back at least as far as 220 AD. It is recorded in the

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with pigeon club members gradually dying off as fewer younger people take up the sport. The high cost of feeds and fuel have also contributed to the decline.

2359: 1073:. These two cities have over 100,000 pigeons with this number increasing day by day. Local people are also known to build their own lofts, with some being 175:

are the oldest domesticated bird. The predecessors of modern-day racing pigeons were pigeons bred for their homing ability, primarily to carry messages. "

2894: 1887: 1434: 800,000 for a racing pigeon at auction. The auction, where he bought several other birds, was held after the Sun City Million Dollar Pigeon Race. 1220:

In Western Australia racing is conducted by the Pigeon Racing Federation of Western Australia (Inc) and the West Coast Racing Pigeon Federation (Inc.).

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The "Brazilian Pigeon Racing Grandprix" is the biggest pigeon race in South America. The Sergipe's Pigeon Racing Association and the government from

712:, there are many hazards that could befall a pigeon during racing as well as training. The main hazard encountered by racing pigeons is predation by 3431: 1931: 1427:, the birds all race back to the same destination. The first race was in 1996 and attracted 893 pigeons. The race broke even after five years. 881:. A hen bird will usually only lay two eggs in a clutch, laid every other day, after which incubation begins. The incubation period is 17 days. 665:. From about four weeks of age until the end of its racing career, the racing loft is the pigeon's home and is where it returns to on race day. 2130: 1074: 2753: 681:

or enter the nest box is upon returning from training or a race. This conditioning is one of the key elements in a lot of racing programmes.

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drugs, the South African laboratory discovered that six samples contained unusual substances. Five samples were found to include traces of

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it is going to have the ring removed speedily, which may be uncomfortable, the pigeon could be reluctant to enter the loft for the trainer.

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of Belgium were so taken with the hobby that they began to develop pigeons specially cultivated for fast flight and long endurance called

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chip in it which can be read when the bird comes home. At the home loft the electronic scanning records the pigeons' arrival. The pad or

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The most expensive pigeon ever sold was "New Kim" which was purchased for $ US1.9 million by a bidder from China in November 2020.

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that the competing bird arrived home. From this time stamp an average speed is measured and a winner of the race can be found.

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in 1918, several such organisations were established, and in 1926 the first nationwide breeders' association was established:

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also has a number of clubs and organisations. The biggest of these is the Qld Racing Pigeon Federation Inc (QRPF). Located in

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capable of laying upwards of 12 eggs per year, and squabs usually leave the nest at approximately three to four weeks of age.

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are careful in selecting birds to pair together so as to continue improving the breed and gain a competitive edge. It is this

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rings with unique identification numbers and a specially designed pigeon racing clock. The ring is attached around the

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The sport is popular in Turkey. In May 2008 a nine part, 1,150 kilometres (710 mi) pigeon race from the town of

1179: 1139: 852: 812: 644: 604: 517: 477: 790: 582: 455: 5229: 2391: 2568: 5444: 5035: 2970: 2645: 2351: 1365: 2412:"大學教賽鴿鴿友慕名來" (University teaches racing pigeons and pigeon fanciers come here), Liberty Times, 25 February 2010 5186: 5030: 4892: 4586: 1146: 1117: 1113: 819: 786: 782: 611: 578: 574: 484: 451: 447: 358: 71: 2540: 1957:"Portsmouth racing pigeon owner appears in court after killing sparrowhawk with a catapult in his back garden" 5050: 5045: 4967: 2916: 2586: 1590:"Pigeon hypersensitivity pneumonitis: immunohistochemical demonstration of the causative antigen in the lung" 1243:

The Janssen brothers (Louis, Charel, Arjaan and Sjef) were a famous and successful pigeon racing family from

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usage. As the samples were sent anonymously no action could be taken against the owners of any of the birds.

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The Canadian Pigeon International magazine is a monthly publication dedicated to the sport of pigeon racing

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at about six months of age. Fanciers will often wait until the pigeon is at least a few months older before

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León, DE; Retana, VN; Hernández-Pando, R; Arellano, J; Ortiz, LG; Valle, FC; Martínez-Cordero, E (2007).

5429: 5108: 5093: 4885: 4742: 3198: 929:(fever reducer). The sixth sample was erroneously reported in the press as having shown indications of 685: 2726: 5753: 5705: 5191: 5118: 4579: 3113: 3103: 736: 2813: 2628: 5748: 5288: 4803: 3439: 3421: 2693:"Is the race nearly run for homing pigeons? One man's mission to save a dying breed in the Capital" 771: 563: 436: 2674: 5901: 5268: 4815: 3444: 2604: 1106: 775: 567: 440: 3118: 2452: 1352:

In the United Kingdom and Ireland, pigeon racing is regulated by six independent organisations:

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An innovative new one-loft race is the Australian Pigeon Punt Race held in Victoria, Australia.

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The largest racing organisation in Australia is the Central Cumberland Federation. The state of

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has led to some pigeon fanciers being suspected and prosecuted of killing birds of prey such as

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There is a close collaboration with pigeon fanciers from Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany.

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Although serving its purpose, this method has proved somewhat problematic for a few reasons:

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The National Flying Club is a British pigeon racing club, and open to anyone in England and

5814: 5774: 5497: 5222: 5076: 4862: 3876: 2478: 1770: 1420: 1330: 1286:, but after World War II the Polish Pigeon Breeders Union was recreated on 1 April 1946 in 1153: 826: 618: 491: 5725: 2277: 1415:. The runners-up win cars and smaller monetary prizes, while the overall winner receiving 8: 5648: 5583: 5573: 5482: 5113: 5007: 4700: 4602: 3406: 3298: 3238: 3183: 2963: 1990: 1803: 315: 270: 5663: 5449: 5439: 5128: 5071: 4189: 3253: 3213: 3178: 1731: 1614: 1589: 1431: 1338: 886: 740: 397: 1280:

Zjednoczenie Polskich Stowarzyszeń Hodowców Gołębi Pocztowych na Rzeczpospolita Polska

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was organised with participants from many pigeon associations across the country.

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gave them breeding stock. The tradition continued until recently, and a bird of

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are leading in good quality racing pigeons. The heart of the sport in India is

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is closed off, from then on the only time these birds are allowed to see their

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Competition sport in which trained pigeons have to fly home as fast as possible

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As pigeon racing takes place over great distances in the sky, instead of on a

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The latest development and preferred method for timing racing pigeons is the

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A system that displays the RFID tags data of pigeons returning from training

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Due to advancements in technology researchers have been able to use small

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caused by pigeons is also a reason why some people are leaving the sport.

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Before electronic communications, such as the telegraph and telephone,

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to find their way home. Some speculation has surfaced indicating that

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become grounded and disoriented, and therefore not finish the race.

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Racing pigeons are often transported in specially modified trucks.

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Exceptional pigeons may arrive home first on multiple occasions;

203: 172: 105: 1755:"Pigeon Racing Popular Among Belgians", Wisconsin Tercentenary, 1652: 5506: 5330: 5238: 4695: 4437: 4376: 4152: 4144: 4073: 4013: 3897: 3835: 3718: 3385: 3380: 3258: 1558: 1556: 1314: 1271: 1227: 1045: 1027: 747:, although no published research has investigated this theory. 721: 678: 296: 2722: 1430:

In February 2008 a pigeon fancier paid a South African record

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or breeder is best and usually provides the highest amount of

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Antenna that scans the RFID tags at the entrance to the loft

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International Federation of American Homing Pigeon Fanciers

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Racing pigeons are housed together in a specially designed

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The first regular race in Great Britain was in 1881. The

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The traditional method of timing racing pigeons involves

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Pigeons being released from a modified truck to race in

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first became involved with pigeon racing in 1886 when

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The sport of pigeon racing has been declining around

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use, but the lab reported that it was indications of

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Racing pigeons being released from wicker baskets in

3570: 688:to track the flight paths that their birds follow. 1886:. Kilkenny People. 18 January 2012. Archived from 898:Doping in pigeon racing is the practice of giving 2162:"Stone the crows, and other tales of bird doping" 2131:"World of pigeon racing rocked by doping scandal" 1982:Henderson, I; Parrott, D; Moore, N (March 2004). 1208:, the QRPF has a long history dating back to the 994:The sport was banned beginning 1 January 2004 in 5914: 2008:"Mobile phone mast blamed for vanishing pigeons" 1771:"For racing pigeons, there's no place like home" 1250:Another famous and successful pigeon fancier is 2128: 2124: 2122: 2094: 2033: 2159: 2153: 1802:. Canadian Racing Pigeon Union. Archived from 1396:Association for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus 910:, allowing a bird to race late into a season. 735:It is thought that racing pigeons rely on the 5223: 4587: 2964: 2575:. Archived from the original on 20 June 2007. 2088: 1984:"Racing Pigeons – Impact of Raptor Predation" 3478: 2119: 2058: 1989:. Scottish National Heritage. Archived from 1913:"Pigeon racers suspected in falcon killings" 1529: 1527: 260: 89:is the sport of releasing specially trained 1077:agents. These pigeons are directly bought. 789:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 581:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 454:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 322: 5230: 5216: 4594: 4580: 2971: 2957: 2029: 2027: 2025: 716:. The killing of valuable pigeons by wild 288:Some old style pigeon clocks use thimbles. 165:Pigeon Racers with clocks, Australia, 1945 5164:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 2392:"Homing Pigeons Take Off in Coney Island" 1613: 1524: 1467:Pigeon racing at the 1900 Summer Olympics 1457: – Dove bred for release at an event 1268:Polski Związek Hodowców Gołębi Pocztowych 1180:Learn how and when to remove this message 853:Learn how and when to remove this message 645:Learn how and when to remove this message 518:Learn how and when to remove this message 2748: 2746: 2744: 2193: 1191: 864: 695: 252:the race point is carefully measured by 220: 31: 2978: 2858: 2681:Royal Pigeon Racing Association website 2475:"Messenger pigeons fly in Turkish race" 2313:from the original on 27 September 2007. 2022: 1855:"Pigeon racing: Lawrence's big passion" 1762: 1681: 1266:Pigeon racing in Poland is overseen by 5915: 4601: 2520: 2510:from the original on 12 February 2007. 2421: 2362:from the original on 11 February 2017. 1929: 1830:"Fanciers get a real buzz from racing" 1720:from the original on 27 February 2008. 1675: 1057:There are over 200 pigeon fanciers in 704:is a major predator of racing pigeons. 5211: 4575: 3463: 2952: 2875:from the original on 16 November 2016 2741: 2635:North of England Homing Union website 2533: 2349: 2251:. Times Herald-Record. Archived from 1671:from the original on 15 January 2010. 4530: 2840:from the original on 2 February 2008 2828: 2690: 2172:from the original on 29 October 2013 2141:from the original on 27 October 2013 2107:from the original on 10 October 2014 2046:from the original on 29 October 2013 2034:Carreyrou, John (12 November 2004). 1780:from the original on 12 October 2008 1562: 1490: 1359:North of England Homing Union (NEHU) 1118:adding citations to reliable sources 1089: 787:adding citations to reliable sources 754: 728:wounds or missing feathers from the 579:adding citations to reliable sources 546: 452:adding citations to reliable sources 419: 403:In February 2008 the members of the 4554: 2784:"Fanciers flock to pigeon paradise" 2781: 2569:"Home of UK's Grand National Races" 2380:from the original on 29 March 2010. 2219: 2129:Gallagher, Paul (25 October 2013). 2036:"Doping scandal hits pigeon racing" 1876: 1768: 1515: 1038:, the capital city of the state of 350:Pigeons' rings with active GPS chip 13: 2453:"Louis Janssen has passed away..." 2160:Pearson, Harry (6 February 2009). 2018:from the original on 26 June 2006. 1827: 1658: 869:A pair of 9-day-old racing pigeons 415: 14: 5934: 3432:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds 2927: 2729:from the original on 27 June 2024 2703:from the original on 3 March 2024 2607:from the original on 14 July 2024 2433:from the original on 29 June 2011 2350:Yaffa, Joshua (9 December 2007). 2246: 2076:from the original on 8 April 2014 1324: 1065:, who race their pigeons outside 673:the hen is removed and often the 5677: 5297: 4741: 4553: 4541: 4529: 4518: 4517: 4408:(New World vultures and condors) 2402:from the original on 3 May 2018. 1094: 982: 759: 551: 424: 369: 357: 343: 331: 281: 269: 158: 142: 70: 59: 48: 2934:Royal Pigeon Racing Association 2887: 2859:Samuels, David (15 June 2015). 2852: 2822: 2804: 2775: 2754:"MP fights over pigeon flights" 2715: 2691:Kemp, Kenny (14 October 2023). 2665: 2638: 2619: 2593: 2561: 2521:Palmer, Richard (6 July 2024). 2514: 2496: 2477:. Today's Zaman. Archived from 2467: 2445: 2415: 2406: 2384: 2366: 2343: 2317: 2295: 2270: 2249:"Pigeon racing a growing sport" 2240: 2213: 2095:Martens, Martin (7 July 2013). 2000: 1975: 1949: 1923: 1905: 1847: 1821: 1792: 1749: 1691:Journal of Experimental Biology 1406: 1366:Royal Pigeon Racing Association 1105:needs additional citations for 953: 743:may be interrupting the birds' 4893:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck 3464: 2374:"Hoboken's pigeon racing days" 1930:Winter, Stuart (6 July 2016). 1736:Pigeon Racing UK & Ireland 1724: 1630: 1581: 1509: 1362:North West Homing Union (NWHU) 1196:Pigeon racing, Australia, 1945 238:Provided it survives the many 1: 5169:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust 2829:Bell, Dan (1 February 2008). 2756:. Wigan Today. Archived from 2422:Jensen, Erik (8 March 2008). 1857:. Oxford Mail. Archived from 1472: 1052: 918:(paracetamol), a widely used 400:systems used in human races. 338:Pigeons' rings with RFID tags 225:A fancier with racing pigeons 101:tags to record arrival time. 19:For the bicycle company, see 2939:American Racing Pigeon Union 1640:. BBC News. 15 November 2020 1085: 989:American Racing Pigeon Union 948: 276:Inside an older pigeon clock 239: 124:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 7: 5775:Radio-controlled car racing 4905:Jonathan Livingston Seagull 4857:The Conference of the Birds 4472:(woodpeckers and relatives) 2541:"A sport's race to survive" 2054:– via Ergonomics.com. 1963:. National World Publishing 1437: 1371:Scottish Homing Union (SHU) 900:performance-enhancing drugs 750: 542: 10: 5939: 5430:Mountain bike orienteering 5237: 5187:Human–dinosaur coexistence 4886:A History of British Birds 4692:In mythology and religion 4334:(cormorants and relatives) 3427:Extinct species since 1500 2504:"80 facts about The Queen" 1335:King Leopold II of Belgium 1293: 1258:, also lives in Arendonk. 1238: 1080: 691: 686:Global Positioning Systems 133: 130:then the most successful. 25: 18: 5897: 5864: 5828: 5797: 5762: 5754:Offshore powerboat racing 5724: 5706:Motorcycle chariot racing 5686: 5675: 5619: 5610: 5592: 5564: 5526: 5473: 5415: 5375: 5339: 5306: 5295: 5254: 5245: 5192:Category:Birds and humans 5179: 5119:Henry Constantine Richter 5061: 5023: 4793: 4750: 4739: 4613: 4513: 4464:(kingfishers and rollers) 4396: 4351: 4318:(albatrosses and petrels) 4290: 4261: 4232: 4211: 4202:(swifts and hummingbirds) 4184:(nightjars and relatives) 4172: 4135: 4126: 4093: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4034: 4008:(pheasants and relatives) 3983: 3907: 3866: 3804: 3776: 3752: 3728: 3701: 3622: 3609: 3566: 3539: 3535: 3474: 3470: 3459: 3455: 3394: 3297: 3197: 3147: 3074: 3004: 2991: 2915:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2895:"R800 000... for a bird?" 2816:27 September 2006 at the 2725:. Scottish Homing Union. 2585:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2429:. Sydney Morning Herald. 2424:"Flight of the old breed" 1800:"Racing Pigeons Race Day" 1682:Walcott, Charles (1996). 1401: 1374:Welsh Homing Union (WPHU) 1308: 1261: 1233: 970: 958: 893: 261:Traditional timing method 216: 5749:Inshore powerboat racing 4804:Bird-and-flower painting 4363:(seriemas and relatives) 4342:(pelicans and relatives) 2573:The National Flying Club 1356:Irish Homing Union (IHU) 385:Electronic Timing System 323:Electronic timing method 5902:List of forms of racing 5269:Middle-distance running 4456:(hornbills and hoopoes) 4371:(falcons and relatives) 2723:"Scottish Homing Union" 2662:North West Homing Union 2352:"Look Homeward, Angels" 2206:Encyclopædia Britannica 1757:Green Bay Press Gazette 1606:10.3132/pcrj.2007.00046 1009: 5744:Jet sprint boat racing 5159:BirdLife International 5099:John Gerrard Keulemans 5051:of the Tower of London 4912:In theatre and ballet 4721:Driven grouse shooting 4440:(trogons and quetzals) 4252:(cranes and relatives) 3522:(emus and cassowaries) 3412:Glossary of bird terms 3224:Confuciusornithiformes 2455:De Duif. 19 April 2013 1563:Levi, Wendell (1977). 1491:Levi, Wendell (1977). 1197: 870: 737:Earth's magnetic field 705: 226: 206:, the world's largest 41: 5347:Cross country running 5274:Long-distance running 4281:(kagu and sunbittern) 4244:(gulls and relatives) 3249:Songlingornithiformes 3214:Omnivoropterygiformes 2791:The Blackpool Gazette 2626:http://www.nehu.co.uk 2200:"Pigeon-flying" 1661:"Pigeon Racing Films" 1276:regained independence 1195: 967:organise this event. 906:can be used to delay 868: 699: 224: 35: 5841:Cross-country skiing 5815:Slalom skateboarding 5498:Mountain bike racing 5077:The Birds of America 4863:Ode to a Nightingale 4103:Phoenicopteriformes 2865:The Atavist Magazine 2861:"The Arc of the Sun" 2631:2 April 2007 at the 2601:"Irish Homing Union" 1703:10.1242/jeb.199.1.21 1331:British Royal Family 1114:improve this article 925:(pain reliever) and 783:improve this section 575:improve this section 448:improve this section 153:, Netherlands c.1916 5649:Pickup truck racing 5584:Paralympic swimming 5574:Open water swimming 5483:Road bicycle racing 5114:Roger Tory Peterson 4074:Mesitornithiformes 4068:(doves and pigeons) 3402:Families and orders 3264:Ichthyornithiformes 3239:Patagopterygiformes 2763:on 22 February 2013 2677:28 May 2007 at the 2672:http://www.rpra.org 2072:. 25 October 2013. 2040:Wall Street Journal 741:mobile phone towers 5865:Multi-sport racing 5664:Touring car racing 5450:Canoe orienteering 5445:Radio orienteering 5440:Trail orienteering 5129:Archibald Thorburn 5072:John James Audubon 4416:(eagles and hawks) 4316:Procellariiformes 4221:Opisthocomiformes 4190:Steatornithiformes 3417:List by population 3254:Hongshanornithidae 3179:Evolution of birds 2697:Edinburgh Enquirer 2356:The New York Times 2220:Steeves, Heather. 1893:on 20 January 2012 1809:on 16 January 2008 1594:Prim Care Respir J 1339:Queen Elizabeth II 1198: 887:selective breeding 871: 706: 398:transponder timing 227: 187:, French Cumulet, 42: 5910: 5909: 5793: 5792: 5739:Hydroplane racing 5688:Motorcycle racing 5654:Sports car racing 5579:Marathon swimming 5460:Mountain marathon 5425:Foot orienteering 5411: 5410: 5205: 5204: 5140:Conservationists 5109:Richard Lewington 4899:The Ugly Duckling 4716:Cormorant fishing 4643:Bird conservation 4569: 4568: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4501: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4302:(loons or divers) 4271:Phaethontiformes 4263:Phaethontimorphae 4213:Opisthocomiformes 4182:Caprimulgiformes 4122: 4121: 4111:Podicipediformes 4030: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4021: 3748: 3747: 3531: 3530: 3488:Struthioniformes 3356:Waterfowl hunting 3289:Gastornithiformes 3284:Aepyornithiformes 3274:Lithornithiformes 2831:"Flight of fancy" 2329:Chicago Sun-Times 1996:on 10 March 2005. 1828:Leader, Rhondda. 1769:Simmons, Morgan. 1254:. Karel, born in 1190: 1189: 1182: 1164: 863: 862: 855: 837: 655: 654: 647: 629: 528: 527: 520: 502: 5930: 5872:Adventure racing 5734:Drag boat racing 5726:Motorboat racing 5681: 5659:Stock car racing 5617: 5616: 5541:Greyhound racing 5465:Car orienteering 5435:Ski orienteering 5398:Snowshoe running 5393:Backward running 5352:Mountain running 5340:Off-road running 5301: 5252: 5251: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5209: 5208: 4745: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4557: 4556: 4545: 4533: 4532: 4521: 4520: 4473: 4465: 4457: 4449: 4446:Leptosomiformes 4441: 4433: 4425: 4417: 4414:Accipitriformes 4409: 4388: 4387:(perching birds) 4380: 4372: 4364: 4343: 4335: 4327: 4319: 4311: 4308:Sphenisciformes 4303: 4282: 4274: 4253: 4245: 4242:Charadriiformes 4224: 4203: 4185: 4164: 4156: 4153:Musophagiformes 4148: 4133: 4132: 4114: 4106: 4085: 4077: 4069: 4054: 4053: 4045: 4044: 4036: 4035: 4009: 3996: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3763: 3676: 3669: 3633: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3537: 3536: 3523: 3515: 3507: 3499: 3491: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3324:Bird collections 3279:Dinornithiformes 3184:Darwin's finches 3174:Origin of flight 3114:Seabird breeding 3104:Sexual selection 2973: 2966: 2959: 2950: 2949: 2921: 2920: 2914: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2788: 2782:Bennett, Julia. 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2762: 2750: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2688: 2682: 2669: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2648:. Archived from 2642: 2636: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2584: 2576: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2483: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2428: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2396:The Brooklyn Ink 2388: 2382: 2381: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2258:on 12 April 2008 2257: 2247:Yakin, Heather. 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2191: 2182: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2126: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2031: 2020: 2019: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1988: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1892: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1863: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1834: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1808: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1775: 1766: 1760: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1688: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1560: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1531: 1522: 1521: 1516:Ha-Nasi, Judah. 1513: 1507: 1506: 1488: 1461:Up North Combine 1418: 1414: 1210:Second World War 1185: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1122: 1098: 1090: 1000:Gilbert Villegas 920:over-the-counter 858: 851: 847: 844: 838: 836: 795: 763: 755: 702:peregrine falcon 650: 643: 639: 636: 630: 628: 587: 555: 547: 523: 516: 512: 509: 503: 501: 460: 428: 420: 373: 361: 347: 335: 285: 273: 162: 146: 74: 63: 52: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5893: 5860: 5846:Snowboard cross 5824: 5789: 5780:Slot car racing 5758: 5720: 5682: 5673: 5644:Off-road racing 5606: 5588: 5560: 5556:Sled dog racing 5522: 5469: 5407: 5371: 5335: 5302: 5293: 5241: 5236: 5206: 5201: 5175: 5057: 5019: 4789: 4746: 4737: 4609: 4600: 4570: 4565: 4477: 4471: 4463: 4455: 4454:Bucerotiformes 4448:(cuckoo-roller) 4447: 4439: 4431: 4423: 4415: 4407: 4406:Cathartiformes 4392: 4386: 4378: 4377:Psittaciformes 4370: 4362: 4347: 4341: 4340:Pelecaniformes 4333: 4325: 4317: 4309: 4301: 4286: 4280: 4279:Eurypygiformes 4272: 4257: 4251: 4243: 4228: 4222: 4207: 4201: 4183: 4168: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4118: 4112: 4104: 4089: 4083: 4082:Pterocliformes 4075: 4067: 4018: 4007: 3994: 3979: 3903: 3862: 3800: 3765: 3764: 3757: 3756: 3744: 3724: 3697: 3674: 3667: 3627: 3626: 3614: 3613: 3597: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3527: 3521: 3520:Casuariiformes 3513: 3512:Apterygiformes 3505: 3497: 3489: 3466: 3451: 3422:Lists by region 3390: 3300: 3293: 3234:Chaoyangiformes 3219:Jeholornithidae 3193: 3157:Origin of birds 3143: 3124:Brood parasites 3070: 3000: 2987: 2977: 2930: 2925: 2924: 2908: 2907: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2833: 2827: 2823: 2818:Wayback Machine 2811:SCMDPR Homepage 2809: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2786: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2751: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2689: 2685: 2679:Wayback Machine 2670: 2666: 2655: 2653: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2633:Wayback Machine 2624: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2578: 2577: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2519: 2515: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2426: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2348: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2222:"Look Homeward" 2218: 2214: 2192: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2158: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2135:The Independent 2127: 2120: 2110: 2108: 2093: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2070:Daily Telegraph 2064: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2032: 2023: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1986: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1940: 1938: 1928: 1924: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1826: 1822: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1783: 1781: 1773: 1767: 1763: 1754: 1750: 1740: 1738: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1686: 1680: 1676: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1586: 1582: 1575: 1561: 1554: 1544: 1542: 1535:"Pigeon racing" 1533: 1532: 1525: 1514: 1510: 1503: 1489: 1480: 1475: 1440: 1416: 1412: 1409: 1404: 1327: 1311: 1296: 1284:Nazi occupation 1274:. After Poland 1264: 1252:Karel Meulemans 1241: 1236: 1186: 1175: 1169: 1166: 1129:"Pigeon racing" 1123: 1121: 1111: 1099: 1088: 1083: 1055: 1012: 985: 973: 961: 956: 951: 904:corticosteroids 896: 883:Pigeon breeders 875:sexually mature 859: 848: 842: 839: 802:"Pigeon racing" 796: 794: 780: 764: 753: 730:belly or flanks 694: 651: 640: 634: 631: 594:"Pigeon racing" 588: 586: 572: 556: 545: 524: 513: 507: 504: 467:"Pigeon racing" 461: 459: 445: 429: 418: 416:One-loft racing 381: 380: 379: 378: 377: 374: 366: 365: 362: 353: 352: 351: 348: 340: 339: 336: 325: 293: 292: 291: 290: 289: 286: 278: 277: 274: 263: 219: 189:English Carrier 170: 169: 168: 167: 166: 163: 155: 154: 147: 136: 84: 83: 82: 81: 77: 76: 75: 66: 65: 64: 55: 54: 53: 38:Kamień Pomorski 30: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5936: 5926: 5925: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5898: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5634:Formula racing 5631: 5625: 5623: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5602:Speed climbing 5598: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5570: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5518:Cycle speedway 5515: 5510: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5475:Bicycle racing 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5421: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5312: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5235: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5212: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5155:Organisations 5153: 5152: 5151: 5146: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4982: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4963:Animated films 4960: 4953: 4946: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4927: 4920: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4889: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4836:Gallic rooster 4833: 4828: 4823: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4809:Feather tights 4806: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4681:Model organism 4675: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4576: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4551: 4539: 4527: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4467: 4462:Coraciiformes 4459: 4451: 4443: 4438:Trogoniformes 4435: 4427: 4419: 4411: 4402: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385:Passeriformes 4382: 4374: 4369:Falconiformes 4366: 4361:Cariamiformes 4357: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4337: 4329: 4324:Ciconiiformes 4321: 4313: 4305: 4296: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4276: 4267: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4247: 4238: 4236: 4234:Cursorimorphae 4230: 4229: 4227: 4226: 4217: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4178: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4158: 4150: 4141: 4139: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4095:Mirandornithes 4091: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4071: 4066:Columbiformes 4062: 4060: 4058:Columbimorphae 4051: 4042: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4003: 3998: 3993:Meleagridinae 3989: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3913: 3911: 3909:Odontophoridae 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3872: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3839: 3832: 3825: 3818: 3810: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3771: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3734: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3715: 3707: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3688:Stictonettinae 3685: 3683:Dendrocygninae 3680: 3679: 3678: 3671: 3659: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3636: 3634: 3617: 3604: 3561: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3517: 3509: 3501: 3493: 3484: 3482: 3468: 3467: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3436:Notable birds 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3386:Egg collecting 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3269:Hesperornithes 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3244:Ambiortiformes 3241: 3236: 3231: 3229:Enantiornithes 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3203: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3153: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3080: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3021: 3016: 3010: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2976: 2975: 2968: 2961: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2929: 2928:External links 2926: 2923: 2922: 2886: 2851: 2821: 2803: 2774: 2740: 2714: 2683: 2664: 2652:on 11 May 2008 2637: 2618: 2592: 2560: 2548:Yorkshire Post 2532: 2513: 2495: 2484:on 24 May 2024 2466: 2444: 2414: 2405: 2398:. 3 May 2010. 2383: 2365: 2342: 2331:. 28 June 2018 2316: 2294: 2269: 2239: 2228:on 24 May 2024 2212: 2197:, ed. (1911). 2195:Chisholm, Hugh 2183: 2152: 2118: 2087: 2057: 2021: 1999: 1974: 1948: 1922: 1904: 1875: 1864:on 31 May 2009 1846: 1820: 1791: 1761: 1748: 1732:"Pigeon facts" 1723: 1674: 1651: 1629: 1580: 1573: 1552: 1523: 1508: 1501: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1447: 1439: 1436: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1326: 1325:UK and Ireland 1323: 1310: 1307: 1295: 1292: 1263: 1260: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1188: 1187: 1102: 1100: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1054: 1051: 1011: 1008: 984: 981: 972: 969: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 895: 892: 861: 860: 767: 765: 758: 752: 749: 693: 690: 653: 652: 559: 557: 550: 544: 541: 526: 525: 432: 430: 423: 417: 414: 375: 368: 367: 363: 356: 355: 354: 349: 342: 341: 337: 330: 329: 328: 327: 326: 324: 321: 320: 319: 312: 287: 280: 279: 275: 268: 267: 266: 265: 264: 262: 259: 218: 215: 164: 157: 156: 148: 141: 140: 139: 138: 137: 135: 132: 120:cost of living 91:homing pigeons 79: 78: 69: 68: 67: 58: 57: 56: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 28:Pigeon keeping 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5935: 5924: 5923:Pigeon racing 5921: 5920: 5918: 5903: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5851:Speed skating 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5836:Alpine skiing 5834: 5833: 5831: 5829:Winter racing 5827: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5785:Street racing 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5551:Pigeon racing 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5528:Animal racing 5525: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5503:Track cycling 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5493:Gravel racing 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5414: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5383:Tower running 5381: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5362:Trail running 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5326:Ultramarathon 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5316:Half marathon 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5256:Track running 5253: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5228: 5226: 5221: 5219: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5198: 5197:Zoomusicology 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5084:Thomas Bewick 5082: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5068:Illustrators 5067: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5014: 5013:Chicken dance 5011: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4998:Feather cloak 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4968:Chicken films 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4744: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4726:Plume hunting 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4666:Pigeon racing 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4562: 4561: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4474: 4468: 4466: 4460: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4428: 4426: 4422:Strigiformes 4420: 4418: 4412: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4367: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4322: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4273:(tropicbirds) 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4195:Podargiformes 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4151: 4149: 4145:Cuculiformes 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4109: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3843:Macrocephalon 3840: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3751: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3730:Anseranatidae 3727: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3670: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3569: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3518: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3504:Tinamiformes 3502: 3500: 3494: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3480:Palaeognathae 3477: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3366:Pigeon racing 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3208:Archaeopteryx 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2918: 2912: 2896: 2890: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2855: 2839: 2834:(Web article) 2832: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2807: 2792: 2787:(Web article) 2785: 2778: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2622: 2606: 2602: 2596: 2588: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2549: 2542: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2509: 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Knox news. 1774:(Web article) 1772: 1765: 1758: 1752: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1685: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1659:Jenner, Jim. 1655: 1639: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1584: 1576: 1574:0-85390-013-2 1570: 1566: 1559: 1557: 1541:. 1 June 2024 1540: 1536: 1530: 1528: 1519: 1512: 1504: 1502:0-85390-013-2 1498: 1494: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1478: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1435: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1413:$ 1.3 million 1399: 1397: 1393: 1392:Help the Aged 1387: 1385: 1381: 1380:Brian Simpson 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1231: 1229: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1194: 1184: 1181: 1173: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1152: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1131: – 1130: 1126: 1125:Find sources: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1108: 1103:This section 1101: 1097: 1092: 1091: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1007: 1004: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 983:United States 980: 977: 968: 966: 946: 942: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 921: 917: 916:acetaminophen 911: 909: 905: 901: 891: 888: 884: 880: 876: 867: 857: 854: 846: 843:February 2022 835: 832: 828: 825: 821: 818: 814: 811: 807: 804: – 803: 799: 798:Find sources: 792: 788: 784: 778: 777: 773: 768:This section 766: 762: 757: 756: 748: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 725: 723: 719: 715: 714:birds of prey 711: 703: 698: 689: 687: 682: 680: 676: 670: 666: 664: 660: 649: 646: 638: 635:February 2022 627: 624: 620: 617: 613: 610: 606: 603: 599: 596: – 595: 591: 590:Find sources: 584: 580: 576: 570: 569: 565: 560:This section 558: 554: 549: 548: 540: 538: 534: 522: 519: 511: 508:February 2022 500: 497: 493: 490: 486: 483: 479: 476: 472: 469: – 468: 464: 463:Find sources: 457: 453: 449: 443: 442: 438: 433:This section 431: 427: 422: 421: 413: 409: 406: 401: 399: 394: 390: 386: 372: 360: 346: 334: 317: 313: 310: 309: 308: 305: 302: 298: 284: 272: 258: 255: 250: 244: 241: 236: 233: 223: 214: 211: 209: 205: 200: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 161: 152: 145: 131: 127: 125: 121: 116: 112: 107: 102: 100: 94: 92: 88: 87:Pigeon racing 73: 62: 51: 39: 34: 29: 22: 21:Flying Pigeon 5810:Sandboarding 5805:Longboarding 5798:Board racing 5716:Track racing 5696:Beach racing 5669:Truck racing 5612:Motor racing 5550: 5546:Horse racing 5536:Camel racing 5417:Orienteering 5357:Fell running 5308:Road running 5289:Steeplechase 5144:Niels Krabbe 5094:Lars Jonsson 5075: 5031:Golden eagle 4973:Horror films 4957:The Big Year 4955: 4948: 4941: 4931:The Firebird 4929: 4922: 4915: 4903: 4891: 4884: 4872: 4868:To a Skylark 4855: 4665: 4656:Cockfighting 4626:Birdwatching 4558: 4546: 4534: 4522: 4432:(mousebirds) 4430:Coliiformes 4300:Gaviiformes 4292:Aequornithes 4200:Apodiformes 4161:Otidiformes 4137:Otidimorphae 4084:(sandgrouse) 4006:Phasianinae 3972: 3965: 3958: 3953:Odontophorus 3951: 3944: 3937: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3875: 3855: 3848: 3841: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3791:Oreophasinae 3737: 3717: 3710: 3615:(waterfowls) 3611:Anseriformes 3365: 3361:Cockfighting 3346:Conservation 3341:Bird feeding 3329:Birdwatching 3319:Ornithomancy 3259:Gansuiformes 3206: 3199:Fossil birds 3089:Intelligence 2899:. 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