834:
67:
609:
826:
869:, killed by his schoolmaster in 1860. Events such as these mobilised public opinion and, by the late nineteenth century, the extent of corporal punishment's use in state schools was unpopular with many parents in England. Authorities in Britain and some other countries introduced more detailed rules for the infliction of corporal punishment in government institutions such as schools, prisons and reformatories. By the First World War, parents' complaints about disciplinary excesses in England had died down, and corporal punishment was established as an expected form of school discipline.
845:
2054:
3704:
3717:
2746:
2011:
2089:
3610:
2800:
2512:
2602:
3841:
2674:
3216:
2386:
2782:
2494:
3360:
3468:
3288:
3070:
2818:
2620:
2926:
2656:
3144:
2944:
3432:
2908:
2566:
710:, in particular, used them as part of a disciplinary regime which was designed to increase willpower and physical strength. Although the Spartan example was extreme, corporal punishment was possibly the most frequent type of punishment. In the Roman Empire, the maximum penalty which a Roman citizen could receive under the law was 40 "lashes" or 40 "strokes" with a whip which was applied to the back and shoulders, or 40 lashes or strokes with the "
3306:
3126:
3088:
3052:
2836:
2350:
3342:
2530:
1866:
2188:
3016:
2980:
2890:
2710:
2638:
2458:
2422:
2404:
2332:
3252:
2962:
2764:
2548:
2440:
2260:
2224:
1855:
3234:
2368:
2296:
2242:
3396:
3324:
3180:
2476:
2206:
3378:
3162:
3107:
2998:
2854:
2728:
2314:
3414:
3450:
3034:
2170:
2872:
2278:
3198:
3270:
2692:
2584:
660:
617:
524:, ordered by prison authorities or carried out directly by correctional officers against the inmates for misconduct in custody, has long been common practice in penal institutions worldwide. It has officially been banned in most Western civilizations during the 20th century, but is still employed in many other countries today. Punishments such as paddling,
1962:, UN (54 articles; binding treaty), with currently 193 parties and 140 signatories. Article 19.1: "States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation . . . ."
656:
punishment on children for over a thousand years in
Christian communities, but ordered it to be used. The words were accepted with but few exceptions; it is only in the last two hundred years that there has been a growing body of opinion that differed. Curiously, the gentleness of Christ towards children (Mark, X) was usually ignored".
3612:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3617:
727:
because, if a boy's disposition be so abject as not to be amended by reproof, he will be hardened, like the worst of slaves, even to stripes; and lastly, because, if one who regularly exacts his tasks be with him, there will not be the need of any chastisement (Quintilian, Institutes of
Oratory, 1856 edition, I, III).
5062:, 2nd edition, 1989, "corporal punishment: punishment inflicted on the body; originally including death, mutilation, branding, bodily confinement, irons, the pillory, etc. (as opposed to a fine or punishment in estate or rank). In 19th c. usually confined to flogging or similar infliction of bodily pain."
3792:
According to a study headed by
Harvard researchers, corporal punishment like spanking could affect the brain development of children. These effects are similar to the more severe form of violence. Corporal punishment is associated with physical injury and abuse, it erodes parent-child relationships,
3649:
In the UK (except
Scotland and Wales), spanking or smacking is legal, but it must not cause an injury amounting to actual bodily harm (any injury such as visible bruising, breaking of the whole skin, etc.). In addition, in Scotland, since October 2003, it has been illegal to use any implements or to
3656:
In 2024, children's doctors urged ministers to ban smacking children in
England and Northern Ireland as their report warned that children suffer physically and mentally after being hit in their home. However, the UK government stated there were no plans to change the law on smacking in England and
726:
By that boys should suffer corporal punishment, though it is received by custom, and
Chrysippus makes no objection to it, I by no means approve; first, because it is a disgrace, and a punishment fit for slaves, and in reality (as will be evident if you imagine the age change) an affront; secondly,
3614:
872:
In the 1870s, courts in the United States overruled the common-law principle that a husband had the right to "physically chastise an errant wife". In the UK, the traditional right of a husband to inflict moderate corporal punishment on his wife in order to keep her "within the bounds of duty" was
3650:
strike the head when disciplining a child, and it is also prohibited to use corporal punishment towards children under the age of 3 years. In 2019, Scotland enacted a ban on corporal punishment, which went into effect in 2020. Wales also enacted a ban in 2020, which has gone into effect in 2022.
738:
This also I assert, that children ought to be led to honourable practices by means of encouragement and reasoning, and most certainly not by blows or ill-treatment, for it surely is agreed that these are fitting rather for slaves than for the free-born; for so they grow numb and shudder at their
655:
Robert McCole Wilson argues that, "Probably this attitude comes, at least in part, from the desire in the patriarchal society for the elder to maintain his authority, where that authority was the main agent for social stability. But these are the words that not only justified the use of physical
598:
Probably the only generalization that can be made about the use of physical punishment among primitive tribes is that there was no common procedure Pettit concludes that among primitive societies corporal punishment is rare, not because of the innate kindliness of these people but because it is
3748:
A number of other countries with an
Islamic legal system, such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Iran, Brunei, Sudan, and some northern states in Nigeria, employ judicial whipping for a range of offences. In April 2020, the Saudi Supreme Court ended the flogging punishment from its court system, and
3685:
In India and many other countries, corporal punishment has technically been abolished by law. However, corporal punishment continues to be practiced on boys and girls in many schools around the world. Cultural perceptions of corporal punishment have rarely been studied and researched. One study
2146:
in 1783. However, its prohibition in all spheres of life – in homes, schools, the penal system and alternative care settings – occurred first in 1966 in Sweden. The 1979 Swedish
Parental Code reads: "Children are entitled to care, security and a good upbringing. Children are to be treated with
856:
A consequence of this mode of thinking was a reduction in the use of corporal punishment in the 19th century in Europe and North
America. In some countries this was encouraged by scandals involving individuals seriously hurt during acts of corporal punishment. For instance, in Britain, popular
575:
societies have tended to use little corporal punishment whereas agricultural and industrial societies tend to use progressively more of it. Diamond suggests this may be because hunter-gatherers tend to have few valuable physical possessions, and misbehavior of the child would not cause harm to
4587:
UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (2006) "General
Comment No. 8:" par. 3. However, Article 19 of the Convention makes no reference to corporal punishment, and the Committee's interpretation on this point has been explicitly rejected by several States Party to the Convention, including
3645:
In Canada, spanking by parents or legal guardians (but nobody else) is legal, with certain restrictions: the child must be between the ages of 2–12, and no implement other than an open, bare hand may be used (belts, paddles, etc. are prohibited). It is also illegal to strike the head when
3619:
3618:
786:
being a common means of self-discipline. This had an influence on the use of corporal punishment in schools, as educational establishments were closely attached to the church during this period. Nevertheless, corporal punishment was not used uncritically; as early as the 11th century
3638:
It has been outlawed in an increasing number of countries, starting with Sweden in 1979. In some other countries, corporal punishment is legal, but restricted (e.g. blows to the head are outlawed, implements may not be used, only children within a certain age range may be spanked).
803:
From the 16th century onwards, new trends were seen in corporal punishment. Judicial punishments were increasingly turned into public spectacles, with public beatings of criminals intended as a deterrent to other would-be offenders. Meanwhile, early writers on education, such as
821:
explicitly criticised the central role of corporal punishment in education. Locke's work was highly influential, and may have helped influence Polish legislators to ban corporal punishment from Poland's schools in 1783, the first country in the world to do so.
3732:
Around 33 countries in the world still retain judicial corporal punishment, including a number of former British territories such as Botswana, Malaysia, Singapore and Tanzania. In Singapore, for certain specified offences, males are routinely sentenced to
706:." Corporal punishment was prescribed in ancient Israel, but it was limited to 40 lashes. In China, some criminals were also disfigured but other criminals were tattooed. Some states gained a reputation for their cruel use of such punishments;
652:(Note: it has been debated among scholars as to whether what is encouraged here is the corporeal punishment of a "child" or a "young man". The word translated "child" in most cases in the Bible refers to a young man rather than a child.)
1976:
884:, whereby whipping and flogging were outlawed except for use in very serious internal prison discipline cases, while most other European countries had abolished it earlier. Meanwhile, in many schools, the use of the cane, paddle or
3832:. Boys and young men will spank or whip girls and young women on the bottom with braided willow branches. After the man sings the verse, the young woman turns around and the man takes a few whacks at her backside with the whip.
599:
contrary to developing the type of individual personality they set up as their ideal An important point to be made here is that we cannot state that physical punishment as a motivational or corrective device is 'innate' to man.
1918:
developed in the 20th century, but the issue of corporal punishment was not addressed generally before mid-century. Years with particular significance to the prohibition of corporal punishment of children are emphasised.
3613:
3805:" whereby a boy was paraded around the edge of a city or parish and spanked with a switch or cane to mark the boundary. One famous "Beating the Bounds" took place around the boundary of St Giles and the area where
1044:, overseeing its implementation, concludes: it is not "acceptable that a society which prohibits any form of physical violence between adults would accept that adults subject children to physical violence."
716:" (similar to a birch rod, but consisting of 8–10 lengths of willow rather than birch) which were applied to the buttocks. Such punishments could draw blood, and they were frequently inflicted in public.
3624:
774:
some criminals and rival emperors. Their belief that the emperor should be physically ideal meant that such disfigurement notionally disqualified the recipient from office. (The second reign of
744:
2150:
As of 2021, corporal punishment of children by parents (or other adults) is outlawed altogether in 63 nations (including the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo) and 3 constituent nations.
1578:
1025:, overseeing its implementation, comments: "corporal punishment is inconsistent with the fundamental guiding principle of international human rights law . . . the dignity of the individual."
722:(c. 35 – c. 100) voiced some opposition to the use of corporal punishment. According to Wilson, "probably no more lucid indictment of it has been made in the succeeding two thousand years".
4679:
3682:
In countries where corporal punishment is still allowed in schools, there may be restrictions; for example, school caning in Singapore and Malaysia is, in theory, permitted for boys only.
3642:
In all states of the United States and most African and Asian nations, corporal punishment by parents is legal. It is also legal to use certain implements (e.g. a belt or a paddle).
1538:
937:
270:
3749:
replaced it with jail time or fines. As of 2009, some regions of Pakistan are experiencing a breakdown of law and government, leading to a reintroduction of corporal punishment by
1015:, UN, with currently 160 parties, and 70 signatories. Article 13(1): "education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity..."
4571:
4533:
4504:
4471:
905:
Key developments related to corporal punishment occurred in the late 20th century. Years with particular significance to the prohibition of corporal punishment are emphasised.
4060:
1012:
987:, overseeing its implementation, comments: "the prohibition must extend to corporal punishment . . . in this regard . . . article 7 protects, in particular, children, . . .."
3671:
Corporal punishment in schools has been outlawed in many countries. It often involves striking the student on the buttocks or the palm of the hand with an implement (e.g. a
433:
The legality of corporal punishment in various settings differs by jurisdiction. Internationally, the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries saw the application of
3793:
reduces cognitive abilities and IQ scores, leads to mental health problems including depression and anxiety, and it increases adult aggression and anti-social behaviors.
3890:
628:, the corporal punishment of children has traditionally been used by adults in authority roles. Beating one's son as a form of punishment is even recommended in the
888:
remained commonplace in the UK and the United States until the 1980s. In rural areas of the Southern United States, and in several other countries, it still is: see
4643:
248:
977:, UN, with currently 167 parties, 74 signatories. Article 7: "No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment..."
1003:
880:
In the United Kingdom, the use of judicial corporal punishment declined during the first half of the twentieth century and it was abolished altogether in the
4610:
UN (2006) "Study on Violence against Children presented by Independent Expert for the Secretary-General". United Nations, A/61/299. See further: UN (2012e).
1548:
1461:
1416:
958:. Rule 67: "...all disciplinary measures constituting cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment shall be strictly prohibited, including corporal punishment..."
1520:
974:
1972:, overseeing its implementation, comments: there is an "obligation of all States Party to move quickly to prohibit and eliminate all corporal punishment."
5404:
2064:
1472:
1022:
5124:
4972:
4801:
4683:
4392:
4106:
2059:
1789:
3858:
1897:
1794:
970:, the Riyadh Guidelines, UN. Paragraph 21(h): education systems should avoid "harsh disciplinary measures, particularly corporal punishment."
528:
or different forms of flagellation have been commonplace methods of corporal punishment within prisons. This was also common practice in the
330:
4446:
This applies to the 47 members of the Council of Europe, an entirely separate body from the European Union, which has only 28 member states.
4630:
UN (2007) United Nations General Assembly, A/RES/62/141. The United States was the only country to vote against. There were no abstentions.
1111:
510:
ordered by a court of law, has long disappeared from most European countries. As of 2021, it remains lawful in parts of Africa, Asia, the
4827:
1784:
1135:
1084:
213:
4568:
4420:
5179:"More Harm Than Good: A Summary Of Scientific Research On The Intended And Unintended Effects Of Corporal Punishment On Children - PMC"
5163:
4530:
4501:
4468:
3737:
in addition to a prison term. The Singaporean practice of caning became much discussed around the world in 1994 when American teenager
1588:
648:
Withhold not correction from the child; for if thou beatest him with a rod, thou shalt deliver his soul from hell. (Proverbs 23:13–14)
5751:
993:
446:, the punishment of children by parents or other adult guardians, is legal in most of the world. As of 2023, 65 countries, mostly in
5089:"mostly a euphemism for the enforcement of discipline by applying canes, whips or birches to the buttocks." – Charles Arnold-Baker,
5423:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
4072:
253:
5656:
5367:
4750:
3484:
For a more detailed overview of the global use and prohibition of the corporal punishment of children, see the following table.
2147:
respect for their person and individuality and may not be subjected to corporal punishment or any other humiliating treatment."
5457:
5397:
4549:
UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1999) "General Comment on 'The Right to Education'," HRI/GEN/1/Rev.4: 73.
1948:
4318:
1984:
2006: Study on Violence against Children presented by Independent Expert for the Secretary-General to the UN General Assembly.
5137:
4656:
4237:
4043:
3903:
3689:
Medical professionals have urged putting an end to the practice, noting the danger of injury to children's hands especially.
1959:
1094:
984:
551:
306:
5357:
554:
have aimed to bring about legal reforms in order to ban the use of corporal punishment against minors in homes and schools.
5625:
4950:
3753:
Islamicist courts. As well as corporal punishment, some Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran use other kinds of
1969:
1754:
1653:
38:
4614:
5784:
5736:
5507:
4680:"Aruba has prohibited all corporal punishment of children - Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children"
1041:
910:
17:
5002:
4662:
833:
1890:
817:
4705:
4520:
UN (1996) General Assembly Official Records, Fiftieth Session, A/50/44, 1995: par. 177, and A/51/44, 1996: par. 65(i).
3631:
Domestic corporal punishment (i.e. the punishment of children by their parents) is often referred to colloquially as "
5390:
5238:
5047:
4762:
4376:
4156:
1608:
1593:
323:
66:
4125:
A Study of Attitudes Towards Corporal Punishment as an Educational Procedure From the Earliest Times to the Present
1749:
1739:
1643:
1568:
645:
Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it from him. (Proverbs 22:15)
5019:
3604:
2005:
1502:
1350:
442:
81:
5789:
5686:
5442:
4301:
2126:
1360:
1315:
1073:
928:
918:
795:
was speaking out against what he saw as the excessive use of corporal punishment in the treatment of children.
779:
608:
4727:
550:
In many Western countries, medical and human rights organizations oppose the corporal punishment of children.
5815:
1883:
1633:
858:
243:
50:
4458:(2012). Retrieved 1 May 2012. "Key Judgements." The ruling concerned the Isle of Man, a UK Crown Dependency.
4434:
5726:
5277:
4172:
3698:
2001:
1573:
1427:
1387:
543:
502:
316:
182:
86:
5251:
636:
He that spareth the rod, hateth his son; but he that loveth him, chasteneth him betimes. (Proverbs 13:24)
5552:
5462:
5120:
3948:
1563:
1123:
291:
4980:
3968:
811:
Peter Newell writes that perhaps the most influential writer on the subject was the English philosopher
5429:
4854:
4805:
4387:
3666:
1997:
1987:
2007: Post of Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children established.
1744:
1648:
1355:
1079:
889:
458:
91:
5111:"Punishment of a physical nature, such as caning, flogging, or beating." – Collins English Dictionary.
5774:
5716:
5059:
1734:
1628:
1533:
1227:
881:
532:
848:
Husaga (the right of the master of the household to corporally punish his servants) was outlawed in
5731:
5696:
5641:
5527:
4778:
4414:
2142:
The earliest recorded attempt to prohibit corporal punishment of children by a state dates back to
1671:
1325:
1200:
1099:
792:
778:
was the notable exception.) Elsewhere, corporal punishment was encouraged by the attitudes of the
5437:
1729:
1598:
1482:
1031:
866:
825:
642:
Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare for his crying. (Proverbs 19:18)
37:
This article is about the infliction of bodily pain as a form of punishment. For other uses, see
3686:
carried out discusses how corporal punishment is perceived among parents and students in India.
1979:
allowing individual children to submit complaints regarding specific violations of their rights.
5467:
5452:
5301:
4902:
3741:
received four strokes of the cane for vandalism. Judicial caning and whipping are also used in
1618:
1377:
1247:
1089:
931:, overseeing its implementation, rules that judicial birching of a juvenile breaches Article 3.
588:
177:
5080:"... inflicted on the body, esp. by beating." – Oxford American Dictionary of Current English.
5031:
3809:
now stands in central London. The actual stone that marked the boundary is now underneath the
5779:
5587:
5577:
5542:
4334:
Middleton, Jacob (2005). "Thomas Hopley and mid-Victorian attitudes to corporal punishment".
3863:
2751:
1858:
1300:
767:
410:
since ancient times. They have increasingly been viewed as inhumane since the development of
233:
5706:
5666:
5547:
4903:"Perceptions of Students and Parents on the Use of Corporal Punishment at Schools in India"
3806:
1911:
1691:
1686:
1397:
1335:
1285:
1195:
788:
591:, have written about the absence of the physical punishment of children in those cultures.
511:
415:
223:
132:
8:
5756:
5477:
5472:
5447:
3754:
3734:
3021:
1824:
1809:
1623:
1603:
1487:
1442:
1141:
1105:
427:
284:
238:
5217:
4601:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
4502:
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
4351:
3627:, which ends the physical punishment of children everywhere in Wales, including the home
994:
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
844:
639:
A fool's lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes. (Proverbs 18:6)
486:
and all of Europe. It remains legal, if increasingly less common, in some states of the
5794:
5671:
5597:
5492:
5195:
5178:
4166:
4032:
3802:
3716:
1681:
1583:
1497:
1452:
1412:
1232:
1205:
1117:
277:
228:
31:
3703:
5701:
5661:
5614:
5562:
5487:
5234:
5200:
4758:
4652:
4598:
4372:
4371:(Suzanne K. Steinmetz and Murray A. Straus, eds.), Harper & Row, New York, 1974.
4297:
4277:
4257:
4152:
4129:
4039:
3257:
2053:
2031: Not prohibited in schools nor in a home, but prohibited in at least one setting
1939:
1928:
1613:
1422:
1252:
914:
874:
368:
152:
112:
5691:
5607:
5572:
5190:
5102:"Physical punishment such as beating or caning" – Chambers 21st Century Dictionary.
4917:
4488:
4313:
3913:
3765:. However, the term "corporal punishment" has since the 19th century usually meant
2010:
1769:
1558:
1432:
1392:
1290:
1190:
764:
629:
218:
192:
5769:
5721:
5681:
5582:
5532:
5361:
5354:
4618:
4575:
4537:
4508:
4475:
4396:
4322:
3933:
3676:
2805:
1676:
1310:
1305:
1257:
1175:
760:
699:
572:
411:
384:
4002:. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children. 29 January 2018.
3721:
2088:
5711:
5636:
5592:
5320:
4016:
3995:
3928:
3867:
3817:
3738:
1952:
1870:
1804:
1799:
1774:
1638:
1492:
1467:
1402:
1330:
1295:
1262:
1242:
945:
941:
857:
opposition to punishment was encouraged by two significant cases, the death of
743:
679:
507:
495:
399:
122:
4922:
4123:
3489:
Summary of the number of countries prohibiting corporal punishment of children
5809:
5741:
5676:
5557:
5071:"Physical punishment such as caning or flogging" – Concise Oxford Dictionary.
4877:"Protect children from smacking in England and Northern Ireland, say doctors"
4409:
4151:. 19 Kingfield Road Sheffield S11 9AS England: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd.
3918:
3877:
3829:
3777:
3742:
2679:
2136:
1915:
1759:
1701:
1525:
1160:
1129:
687:
675:
671:
663:
625:
584:
568:
525:
487:
451:
419:
142:
4612:
Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children
4424:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–190.
4133:
3657:
said it would observe the impact of legal amendments in Scotland and Wales.
5651:
5646:
5537:
5414:
5382:
5204:
4876:
4611:
3908:
3840:
3810:
3770:
3653:
In Pakistan, Section 89 of Pakistan Penal Code allows corporal punishment.
3221:
2391:
2154:
Countries that have completely prohibited corporal punishment of children:
1814:
1706:
1543:
1407:
1382:
1340:
1320:
1217:
1185:
1058:
805:
783:
775:
683:
536:
479:
434:
423:
407:
137:
4413:
5517:
4281:
4276:, John Daye, London, 1571, p. 1. Republished by Constable, London, 1927.
3365:
2787:
2517:
2499:
1764:
1553:
1457:
1437:
1372:
1267:
1237:
1212:
695:
483:
360:
5377:
4455:
4367:
Calvert, R. "Criminal and civil liability in husband-wife assaults", in
4261:
580:
422:. By the late 20th century, corporal punishment was eliminated from the
5522:
4558:
European Committee of Social Rights 2001. "Conclusions XV – 2," Vol. 1.
3938:
3923:
3801:
In parts of England, boys were once beaten under the old tradition of "
3762:
3758:
3473:
3293:
3075:
2931:
2823:
2661:
2625:
1819:
1711:
1477:
948:). Rule 17.3: "Juveniles shall not be subject to corporal punishment."
829:
Corporal punishment in a women's prison in the United States (ca. 1890)
812:
771:
719:
703:
403:
352:
167:
107:
808:, complained of the arbitrary manner in which children were punished.
739:
tasks, partly from the pain of the blows, partly from the degradation.
5502:
3437:
3149:
2949:
2913:
2571:
1834:
1829:
1180:
529:
5020:
Evidence to the House of Commons Select Committee on Foreign Affairs
437:
law to the question of corporal punishment in a number of contexts:
5764:
5602:
5337:, (2011). An argument that flogging might be better than jail time.
4939:, A Statement by Medical Authorities as to the Risks, January 2002.
4936:
3821:
3632:
3347:
3311:
3131:
3093:
3057:
2841:
2535:
2355:
1779:
1696:
1579:
International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International
1447:
1222:
1165:
862:
747:
731:
395:
380:
372:
364:
172:
117:
2112: Corporal punishment not prohibited in schools or in the home
1865:
363:, especially in home and school settings, its methods may include
5567:
5512:
5497:
5482:
4751:"The Swedish Ban on Corporal Punishment: Its History and Effects"
4645:
Abolishing corporal punishment of children: questions and answers
3825:
2985:
2967:
2895:
2769:
2715:
2643:
2553:
2463:
2445:
2427:
2409:
2337:
2319:
2265:
2229:
2193:
1839:
938:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
514:
and indigenous communities in several countries of South America.
376:
162:
157:
3773:
or bastinado rather than those other types of physical penalty.
4973:"Saudi Arabia to end flogging as form of punishment - document"
4531:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
3766:
3672:
3401:
3329:
3239:
3203:
3185:
2877:
2481:
2373:
2301:
2283:
2247:
2211:
2175:
2143:
2132:
1367:
1170:
956:
Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty
849:
712:
707:
491:
471:
467:
463:
447:
127:
5138:"Confirming Torture: The Use of Imaging in Victims of Falanga"
1013:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1006:, overseeing its implementation, condemns corporal punishment.
659:
3943:
3725:
3383:
3275:
3167:
3112:
3003:
2859:
2733:
2697:
2589:
885:
837:
691:
475:
187:
147:
5378:
Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children
4456:
Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children
4254:
The Challenge of Childhood: An Essay on Nature and Education
4019:. Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children. 2021.
462:, of students by teachers or school administrators, such as
5319:, (1995). A contemporary account of an American teenager (
4910:
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities
4061:"Play as a Foundation for Hunter-Gatherer Social Existence"
3455:
3419:
3039:
2607:
616:
388:
356:
197:
4728:"Tajikistan prohibits all corporal punishment of children"
4478:," United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
3891:
List of films and TV containing corporal punishment scenes
2079: Corporal punishment not prohibited in public schools
686:
in order to maintain judicial and educational discipline.
620:
Depiction of a flogging at Oregon State Penitentiary, 1908
4951:"Gay men, adulterers publicly flogged in Aceh, Indonesia"
4755:
Family Violence Against Children: A Challenge for Society
4578:. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
4511:. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
4242:, Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press, 1927.
4191:
3828:, a tradition for health and fertility is carried out on
371:. When it is inflicted on adults, it may be inflicted on
5372:
4828:"Wales introduces ban on smacking and slapping children"
4219:
4217:
4215:
3692:
882:
Criminal Justice Act, 1948 (zi & z2 GEo. 6. CH. 58.)
4901:
Ghosh, Arijit; Pasupathi, Madhumathi (18 August 2016).
4540:
United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
2139:, have prohibited any corporal punishment of children.
394:
Physical punishments for crimes or injuries, including
5328:
Capital and Corporal Punishment in Anglo-Saxon England
5164:"Spanking children may impair their brain development"
5003:"Video of girl's flogging as Taliban hand out justice"
3996:"States which have prohibited all corporal punishment"
3625:
Abolition of Defence of Reasonable Punishment Act 2020
2073: Corporal punishment prohibited in public schools
4802:"The "Spanking" Law: Section 43 of the Criminal Code"
4212:
4179:
1549:
Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth
996:, UN, with currently 150 parties and 78 signatories.
968:
Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
4469:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4087:
2094:
Legality of corporal punishment of minors in Europe
1521:
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
975:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4011:
4009:
5775:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
4315:The History of The 7th Queen's Own Hussars Vol. II
4031:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3598:
2065:Corporal punishment of minors in the United States
1530:Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions
5048:"Saudi Arabia: Court Orders Eye to Be Gouged Out"
3711: Countries with judicial corporal punishment
3660:
1023:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
5807:
4706:"Lao PDR on Historic Ban of Corporal Punishment"
4006:
2106: Corporal punishment banned in schools only
5326:Gates, Jay Paul and Marafioti, Nicole; (eds.),
5121:"the striking of somebody's body as punishment"
4346:
4344:
4256:, Chapman & Hall, London, 1936, pp. 34–35.
3979:
2060:School corporal punishment in the United States
1977:Optional Protocol on a Communications Procedure
1790:Legal status of tattooing in European countries
470:, has been banned in many countries, including
4900:
3880:. A figure tied to a whipping post is flogged.
1795:Legal status of tattooing in the United States
5398:
4757:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 19–25.
4638:
4636:
4294:A Last Resort? Corporal Punishment in Schools
1891:
324:
5412:
5364:(Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance)
4742:
4341:
1112:History of youth rights in the United States
5443:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
5330:, (2014). Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.
5083:
3961:
2100: Corporal punishment banned altogether
1785:French petition against age of consent laws
1136:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
840:, corporal punishment in the Russian Empire
506:, such as whipping or caning, as part of a
5405:
5391:
4753:. In Frehsee, Detlev; et al. (eds.).
4633:
4399:, 1 QB 671, abstracted at LawTeacher.net.
1898:
1884:
331:
317:
27:Punishment intended to cause physical pain
5194:
5123:– Encarta World English Dictionary, MSN.
4937:"Corporal Punishment to Children's Hands"
4921:
4730:. End Corporal Punishment. 28 August 2024
4588:Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.
2014:Laws on corporal punishments in the world
1589:National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign
895:
5176:
4408:
3839:
3715:
3702:
3608:
2009:
1539:Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission
1085:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
843:
832:
824:
742:
658:
615:
607:
546:in some settings in a few jurisdictions.
5657:Right to an adequate standard of living
5303:| Reynolda House Museum of American Art
4948:
4855:"Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860)"
4748:
4651:. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. 2007.
4437:zi & z2 GEo. 6. CH. 58., pp. 54–55.
4128:(Thesis). University of Victoria. 2.3.
4029:
14:
5808:
5458:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
5275:
5249:
5050:, Human Rights Watch, 8 December 2005.
4804:. Parliament of Canada. Archived from
4708:(Press release). Unicef. 30 April 2024
4223:
4197:
4185:
4121:
4093:
4023:
1949:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
5386:
5368:Center for Effective Discipline (USA)
5252:"Whipping away infertility at Easter"
5233:, Chatto & Windus, London, 2000.
5220:, BBC News Online, 21 September 2004.
4874:
4569:Convention on the Rights of the Child
3904:Campaigns against corporal punishment
3835:
3693:Judicial or quasi-judicial punishment
1960:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1095:Convention on the Rights of the Child
734:, also in the first century, writes:
670:Corporal punishment was practiced in
579:Researchers who have lived among the
552:Campaigns against corporal punishment
359:to a person. When it is inflicted on
307:Campaigns against corporal punishment
4599:Committee on the Rights of the Child
4235:
4146:
4058:
1970:Committee on the Rights of the Child
1755:Ages of consent in the United States
1654:World Federation of Democratic Youth
1050:
355:which is intended to cause physical
39:Corporal punishment (disambiguation)
5323:) caned for vandalism in Singapore.
5278:"What's Easter without a Whipping?"
5218:"Mayor may axe child spanking rite"
4799:
4052:
3784:) is still practiced on prisoners.
2037: Not prohibited at any setting
1042:European Committee of Social Rights
911:European Convention of Human Rights
702:border, a region whose name meant "
542:Military corporal punishment is or
24:
5373:World Corporal Punishment Research
5309:
5177:Gershoff, E. T. (25 August 2021).
4852:
4350:Middleton, Jacob (November 2012).
4239:Moralia. The Education of Children
818:Some Thoughts Concerning Education
690:Egyptian criminals were exiled to
379:, and can involve methods such as
25:
5827:
5578:Right to refuse medical treatment
5348:
5018:Campaign against the Arms Trade,
4875:Roxby, Philippa (16 April 2024).
4487:UN Human Rights Committee (1992)
4107:"The Use of Corporal Punishment".
1609:Students for a Democratic Society
1594:National Youth Rights Association
5342:A History of Corporal Punishment
5091:The Companion to British History
3466:
3448:
3430:
3412:
3394:
3376:
3358:
3340:
3322:
3304:
3286:
3268:
3250:
3232:
3214:
3196:
3178:
3160:
3142:
3124:
3105:
3086:
3068:
3050:
3032:
3014:
2996:
2978:
2960:
2942:
2924:
2906:
2888:
2870:
2852:
2834:
2816:
2798:
2780:
2762:
2744:
2726:
2708:
2690:
2672:
2654:
2636:
2618:
2600:
2582:
2564:
2546:
2528:
2510:
2492:
2474:
2456:
2438:
2420:
2402:
2384:
2366:
2348:
2330:
2312:
2294:
2276:
2258:
2240:
2222:
2204:
2186:
2168:
2087:
2052:
1864:
1853:
1750:Ages of consent in South America
1740:Ages of consent in North America
1644:Young Communist League of Canada
1569:High School Democrats of America
522:disciplinary corporal punishment
65:
5295:
5276:Prucha, Emily (31 March 2012).
5269:
5243:
5223:
5211:
5170:
5156:
5130:
5114:
5105:
5096:
5074:
5065:
5053:
5041:
5025:
5012:
4995:
4979:. 24 April 2020. Archived from
4965:
4942:
4930:
4894:
4868:
4846:
4820:
4793:
4771:
4720:
4698:
4672:
4624:
4604:
4591:
4581:
4561:
4552:
4543:
4523:
4514:
4494:
4481:
4461:
4449:
4440:
4428:
4402:
4381:
4361:
4328:
4306:
4286:
4266:
4246:
4229:
4203:
4105:Rich, John M. (December 1989).
3605:Corporal punishment in the home
3599:Corporal punishment in the home
2120:
2006:Corporal punishment in the home
900:
873:similarly removed in 1891. See
612:Birching, Germany, 17th century
443:Corporal punishment in the home
5790:Sexual and reproductive health
5687:Right to a healthy environment
4949:McKirdy, Euan (14 July 2018).
4296:, Penguin, London, 1972, p. 9
4140:
4115:
4112:, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 149–152.
4099:
3661:Corporal punishment in schools
3635:", "smacking", or "slapping".
2131:67 countries, most of them in
2127:Child corporal punishment laws
1925:Children's Rights Proclamation
1316:Behavior modification facility
1074:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
929:European Court of Human Rights
919:inhuman or degrading treatment
754:
13:
1:
5707:Right to public participation
5183:Law and Contemporary Problems
4000:www.endcorporalpunishment.org
3955:
1991:
1955:) (10 articles; non-binding).
1634:Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor
562:
5727:Right to science and culture
4149:Away from the Father's House
4071:(4): 476–522. Archived from
3699:Judicial corporal punishment
2043: Depends on state (USA)
2002:Judicial corporal punishment
1574:Indian Youth Climate Network
1388:Human rights and youth sport
861:, who died after a military
859:Private Frederick John White
798:
603:
503:Judicial corporal punishment
7:
5553:Right to keep and bear arms
5463:Freedom from discrimination
4779:"To spank or not to spank?"
4415:"Corporal Punishment"
3949:Washing out mouth with soap
3896:
3724:beating an Afghan woman in
2025: Prohibited in schools
2019: Prohibited altogether
1936:World Child Welfare Charter
1564:Global Youth Action Network
1473:Underage drinking in the US
867:death of Reginald Cancellor
454:, have banned the practice.
292:Tyrer v. the United Kingdom
10:
5832:
4435:Criminal Justice Act, 1948
4122:Wilson, Robert M. (1971).
3847:, by Piero della Francesca
3796:
3787:
3720:A member of the Taliban's
3696:
3667:School corporal punishment
3664:
3602:
2124:
1998:School corporal punishment
1995:
1745:Ages of consent in Oceania
1649:Young Democrats of America
1080:Child Labor Deterrence Act
890:School corporal punishment
666:an offender, Persia, 1910s
557:
518:Prison corporal punishment
459:School corporal punishment
36:
29:
5750:
5717:Right to rest and leisure
5623:
5428:
5421:
5317:The Caning of Michael Fay
5060:Oxford English Dictionary
4923:10.21659/rupkatha.v8n3.28
4749:Durrant, Joan E. (1996).
4536:17 September 2012 at the
4489:"General Comment No. 20".
4034:The World Until Yesterday
3866:. Christ is lashed while
3513:Alternative care settings
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3494:
2161:
2158:
1735:Ages of consent in Europe
1629:Youth International Party
1534:Canadian Youth for Choice
1228:Taking Children Seriously
1004:Committee Against Torture
490:and in some countries in
406:, were practised in most
5732:Right to social security
5697:Right to Internet access
5642:Equal pay for equal work
5528:Presumption of innocence
4781:. CBC News. 31 July 2009
4574:11 February 2014 at the
4491:HRI/GEN/1/Rev.4.: p. 108
4474:1 September 2010 at the
4395:7 September 2014 at the
4171:: CS1 maint: location (
4065:American Journal of Play
1326:Children in the military
1201:Intergenerational equity
1124:Newsboys' strike of 1899
1100:Fair Labor Standards Act
793:Archbishop of Canterbury
782:towards the human body,
776:Justinian the Slit-nosed
587:people, as well as some
535:and prison camps of the
30:Not to be confused with
5608:right to be a candidate
5438:Equality before the law
5022:, London, January 2005.
5009:, London, 2 April 2009.
4834:. London. 21 March 2022
4621:. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
4507:8 November 2010 at the
4421:Encyclopædia Britannica
4030:Diamond, Jared (2013).
3973:Encyclopædia Britannica
3525:As disciplinary measure
1931:founder. (5 articles).
1730:Ages of consent in Asia
1599:One World Youth Project
1483:Youth-adult partnership
1032:European Social Charter
5468:Freedom of information
5453:Freedom of association
5360:4 January 2011 at the
5335:In Defence of Flogging
4369:Violence in the family
4321:3 October 2011 at the
4147:Leeb, Carolyn (2000).
3848:
3729:
3713:
3646:disciplining a child.
3628:
2045:
1378:Emancipation of minors
1248:Youth detention center
1090:Kids Online Safety Act
985:Human Rights Committee
896:International treaties
877:for more information.
853:
841:
830:
751:
741:
729:
667:
650:
621:
613:
601:
589:Aboriginal Australians
5780:Intersex human rights
5588:Right of self-defense
5543:Right to a fair trial
5231:London: The Biography
4292:Newell, Peter (ed.).
4252:Wicksteed, Joseph H.
3969:"Corporal punishment"
3864:Piero della Francesca
3843:
3719:
3706:
3622:
3520:As sentence for crime
2013:
1301:Age of consent reform
1034:, Council of Europe.
847:
836:
828:
746:
736:
724:
662:
634:
619:
611:
596:
5816:Corporal punishments
5667:Right to development
5548:Right to family life
5498:Freedom from torture
5483:Freedom from slavery
4617:8 March 2022 at the
4336:History of Education
4059:Gray, Peter (2009).
3824:, and some parts of
3807:Tottenham Court Road
1934:1924 Adopted as the
1398:Juvenile delinquency
1336:Compulsory education
1286:Adolescent sexuality
1196:Free-range parenting
940:, or Beijing Rules,
512:Anglophone Caribbean
418:, especially in the
249:United Arab Emirates
5478:Freedom of religion
5473:Freedom of movement
5448:Freedom of assembly
5430:Civil and political
4853:Wajeeh, Ul Hassan.
3776:In some countries,
3623:An overview of the
3491:
2155:
1825:Liberation theology
1810:Youth Olympic Games
1624:UK Youth Parliament
1619:Three O'Clock Lobby
1604:Queer Youth Network
1488:Youth participation
1443:Minors and abortion
1428:Minimum driving age
1346:Corporal punishment
1142:Wild in the Streets
1106:Hammer v. Dagenhart
852:for adults in 1858.
428:developed countries
349:physical punishment
345:corporal punishment
59:Corporal punishment
18:Physical discipline
5795:Right to sexuality
5672:Right to education
5598:Security of person
5493:Freedom of thought
5093:, Routledge, 2001.
5038:, 3 December 2007.
5036:The New York Times
4808:on 16 October 2012
4209:Deuteronomy 25:1-3
4110:The Clearing House
3975:. 9 November 2014.
3862:, (c.1455–70), by
3849:
3836:In popular culture
3803:Beating the Bounds
3755:physical penalties
3730:
3714:
3629:
3487:
3165:
2752:Congo, Republic of
2153:
2046:
1942:(non-enforceable).
1871:Society portal
1498:Youth unemployment
1453:School leaving age
1413:Legal drinking age
1233:Universal suffrage
1206:Future generations
1118:Morse v. Frederick
917:. Article 3 bans "
854:
842:
831:
752:
668:
622:
614:
576:others' property.
278:Ingraham v. Wright
32:Capital punishment
5803:
5802:
5702:Right to property
5662:Right to clothing
5647:Fair remuneration
5615:Right to homeland
5563:Right to petition
5488:Freedom of speech
5315:Barathan, Gopal;
5142:Forensic Magazine
5032:"Lashing Justice"
4668:on 9 August 2014.
4658:978-9-287-16310-3
4597:UN OHCHR (2012).
4312:Barretts, C.R.B.
4045:978-1-101-60600-1
4038:. Viking. Ch. 5.
3728:on 26 August 2001
3620:
3596:
3595:
3482:
3481:
1940:League of Nations
1929:Save the Children
1912:children's rights
1908:
1907:
1614:Freechild Project
1423:Legal working age
1253:Youth empowerment
1051:Children's rights
915:Council of Europe
875:Domestic violence
865:in 1846, and the
508:criminal sentence
414:ideals after the
341:
340:
133:Cat o' nine tails
100:By implementation
16:(Redirected from
5823:
5692:Right to housing
5626:Economic, social
5573:Right to protest
5568:Right to privacy
5407:
5400:
5393:
5384:
5383:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5247:
5241:
5229:Ackroyd, Peter.
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5198:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5166:. 12 April 2021.
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5134:
5128:
5127:31 October 2009.
5118:
5112:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5094:
5087:
5081:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5029:
5023:
5016:
5010:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4983:on 25 April 2020
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4907:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4800:Barnett, Laura.
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4682:. Archived from
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4661:. Archived from
4650:
4640:
4631:
4628:
4622:
4608:
4602:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4541:
4527:
4521:
4518:
4512:
4498:
4492:
4485:
4479:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4417:
4406:
4400:
4385:
4379:
4365:
4359:
4348:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4310:
4304:
4290:
4284:
4274:The scholemaster
4270:
4264:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4210:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4170:
4162:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4119:
4113:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4075:on 14 April 2019
4056:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3992:
3977:
3976:
3965:
3914:Child discipline
3859:The Flagellation
3845:The Flagellation
3722:religious police
3710:
3621:
3576:Legality unknown
3492:
3486:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2156:
2152:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2091:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1805:Students' rights
1770:Direct democracy
1559:Future Coalition
1433:Marriageable age
1393:In loco parentis
1291:Age of candidacy
1191:Fear of children
1055:
1054:
921:or punishment".
765:Byzantine Empire
630:book of Proverbs
333:
326:
319:
69:
46:
45:
21:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5770:Family planning
5755:
5746:
5722:Right of return
5682:Right to health
5630:
5627:
5619:
5583:Right to resist
5533:Right of asylum
5424:
5417:
5411:
5362:Wayback Machine
5351:
5340:Scott, George;
5333:Moskos, Peter;
5312:
5310:Further reading
5307:
5300:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5282:InCultureParent
5274:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5248:
5244:
5228:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5175:
5171:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5147:
5145:
5144:. 6 August 2014
5136:
5135:
5131:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5088:
5084:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5030:
5026:
5017:
5013:
5001:Walsh, Declan.
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4954:
4947:
4943:
4935:
4931:
4905:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4873:
4869:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4847:
4837:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4811:
4809:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4686:on 6 March 2018
4678:
4677:
4673:
4665:
4659:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4619:Wayback Machine
4609:
4605:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4582:
4576:Wayback Machine
4567:UN (2012). 11.
4566:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4538:Wayback Machine
4528:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4509:Wayback Machine
4500:UN (2012) "9 .
4499:
4495:
4486:
4482:
4476:Wayback Machine
4467:UN (2012) "4 .
4466:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4445:
4441:
4433:
4429:
4407:
4403:
4397:Wayback Machine
4386:
4382:
4366:
4362:
4352:"Spare the Rod"
4349:
4342:
4333:
4329:
4323:Wayback Machine
4311:
4307:
4291:
4287:
4272:Ascham, Roger.
4271:
4267:
4251:
4247:
4234:
4230:
4222:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4145:
4141:
4120:
4116:
4104:
4100:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4028:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4007:
3994:
3993:
3980:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3934:School violence
3899:
3838:
3799:
3790:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3695:
3677:spanking paddle
3669:
3663:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3467:
3465:
3449:
3447:
3431:
3429:
3413:
3411:
3395:
3393:
3377:
3375:
3359:
3357:
3341:
3339:
3323:
3321:
3305:
3303:
3287:
3285:
3269:
3267:
3251:
3249:
3233:
3231:
3215:
3213:
3197:
3195:
3179:
3177:
3161:
3159:
3143:
3141:
3125:
3123:
3106:
3104:
3087:
3085:
3069:
3067:
3051:
3049:
3033:
3031:
3015:
3013:
2997:
2995:
2979:
2977:
2961:
2959:
2943:
2941:
2925:
2923:
2907:
2905:
2889:
2887:
2871:
2869:
2853:
2851:
2835:
2833:
2817:
2815:
2806:North Macedonia
2799:
2797:
2781:
2779:
2763:
2761:
2745:
2743:
2727:
2725:
2709:
2707:
2691:
2689:
2673:
2671:
2655:
2653:
2637:
2635:
2619:
2617:
2601:
2599:
2583:
2581:
2565:
2563:
2547:
2545:
2529:
2527:
2511:
2509:
2493:
2491:
2475:
2473:
2457:
2455:
2439:
2437:
2421:
2419:
2403:
2401:
2385:
2383:
2367:
2365:
2349:
2347:
2331:
2329:
2313:
2311:
2295:
2293:
2277:
2275:
2259:
2257:
2241:
2239:
2223:
2221:
2205:
2203:
2187:
2185:
2169:
2167:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2008:
1996:Main articles:
1994:
1904:
1875:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1692:Koroknay-Palicz
1667:
1659:
1658:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1311:Age of marriage
1306:Age of majority
1281:
1273:
1272:
1258:Youth exclusion
1176:Criminalization
1156:
1155:Theory/concepts
1148:
1147:
1068:
1053:
903:
898:
801:
780:Catholic church
761:Medieval Europe
757:
750:on the buttocks
606:
594:Wilson writes:
573:hunter-gatherer
565:
560:
412:humanitarianism
337:
271:CFCYL v. Canada
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5829:
5819:
5818:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5739:
5737:Right to water
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5712:Right of reply
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5637:Digital rights
5633:
5631:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5600:
5595:
5593:Right to truth
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5350:
5349:External links
5347:
5346:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5321:Michael P. Fay
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5294:
5268:
5256:Bohemian Magic
5242:
5222:
5210:
5169:
5155:
5129:
5113:
5104:
5095:
5082:
5073:
5064:
5052:
5040:
5024:
5011:
4994:
4964:
4941:
4929:
4916:(3): 269–280.
4893:
4867:
4845:
4819:
4792:
4770:
4763:
4741:
4719:
4697:
4671:
4657:
4632:
4623:
4603:
4590:
4580:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4529:UN (2012). 3.
4522:
4513:
4493:
4480:
4460:
4448:
4439:
4427:
4412:, ed. (1911).
4410:Chisholm, Hugh
4401:
4380:
4360:
4340:
4327:
4305:
4285:
4265:
4245:
4228:
4211:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4157:
4139:
4114:
4098:
4086:
4051:
4044:
4022:
4005:
3978:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Physical abuse
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3868:Pontius Pilate
3837:
3834:
3818:Czech Republic
3813:office tower.
3798:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3745:in Indonesia.
3739:Michael P. Fay
3707:
3697:Main article:
3694:
3691:
3665:Main article:
3662:
3659:
3603:Main article:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:Not prohibited
3550:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3010:
3009:
3006:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2122:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2058:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1910:The notion of
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Libertarianism
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Egalitarianism
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:The Youth Cafe
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1493:Youth politics
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1468:Status offense
1465:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1403:Juvenile court
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:Child marriage
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Age of consent
1293:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1263:Youth suffrage
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:Youth activism
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1009:
1008:
1007:
990:
989:
988:
971:
961:
960:
959:
942:United Nations
934:
933:
932:
902:
899:
897:
894:
800:
797:
756:
753:
605:
602:
564:
561:
559:
556:
548:
547:
540:
533:penal colonies
515:
499:
496:Southeast Asia
455:
339:
338:
336:
335:
328:
321:
313:
310:
309:
303:
302:
298:
297:
296:
295:
288:
281:
274:
264:
263:
259:
258:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
208:
207:
203:
202:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
102:
101:
97:
96:
95:
94:
89:
84:
76:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5828:
5817:
5814:
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4356:History Today
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2012:
2007:
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1999:
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704:cut-off noses
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664:Foot whipping
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626:Western world
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569:Jared Diamond
555:
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531:
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526:foot whipping
523:
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488:United States
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452:Latin America
449:
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439:
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431:
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425:
424:legal systems
421:
420:Western world
417:
416:Enlightenment
413:
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408:civilizations
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19:
5757:reproductive
5652:Labor rights
5628:and cultural
5538:Right to die
5415:human rights
5413:Substantive
5341:
5334:
5327:
5316:
5297:
5285:. Retrieved
5281:
5271:
5259:. Retrieved
5255:
5250:babastudio.
5245:
5230:
5225:
5213:
5189:(2): 31–56.
5186:
5182:
5172:
5158:
5146:. Retrieved
5141:
5132:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5090:
5085:
5076:
5067:
5055:
5043:
5035:
5027:
5014:
5007:The Guardian
5006:
4997:
4985:. Retrieved
4981:the original
4976:
4967:
4955:. Retrieved
4944:
4932:
4913:
4909:
4896:
4884:. Retrieved
4880:
4870:
4858:. Retrieved
4848:
4836:. Retrieved
4832:The Guardian
4831:
4822:
4812:17 September
4810:. Retrieved
4806:the original
4795:
4785:17 September
4783:. Retrieved
4773:
4754:
4744:
4732:. Retrieved
4722:
4710:. Retrieved
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4684:the original
4674:
4663:the original
4644:
4626:
4606:
4593:
4583:
4563:
4554:
4545:
4525:
4516:
4496:
4483:
4463:
4451:
4442:
4430:
4419:
4404:
4389:R. v Jackson
4388:
4383:
4368:
4363:
4355:
4335:
4330:
4314:
4308:
4293:
4288:
4273:
4268:
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4238:
4231:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4148:
4142:
4124:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4073:the original
4068:
4064:
4054:
4033:
4025:
3999:
3972:
3963:
3909:Chastisement
3888:
3884:
3883:
3874:The Whipping
3873:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3815:
3811:Centre Point
3800:
3791:
3781:
3775:
3771:flagellation
3750:
3747:
3731:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3670:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3575:
3553:
3531:
3524:
3519:
3512:
3508:Penal system
3507:
3502:
3497:
3488:
3483:
3222:South Africa
3103:
2392:Turkmenistan
2149:
2141:
2130:
2121:Legal status
2063:
1965:
1935:
1924:
1909:
1859:Youth rights
1815:Youth sports
1544:Common Cents
1503:Youth voting
1462:U.S. history
1417:U.S. history
1408:Juvenile law
1383:Gambling age
1345:
1341:Conscription
1321:Child labour
1218:Social class
1186:Ephebiphobia
1140:
1128:
1116:
1104:
1072:
1059:Youth rights
1037:
1018:
999:
980:
967:
963:
955:
954:Supplement:
951:
924:
904:
901:Human rights
879:
871:
855:
816:
810:
806:Roger Ascham
802:
789:Saint Anselm
784:flagellation
758:
737:
730:
725:
718:
711:
669:
654:
651:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
623:
597:
593:
578:
571:writes that
566:
549:
521:
517:
501:
480:South Africa
457:
441:
435:human rights
432:
393:
348:
344:
342:
290:
285:S v Williams
283:
276:
269:
138:Flagellation
58:
43:
5785:LGBT rights
5518:Nationality
5508:LGBT rights
5287:18 November
5261:18 November
3885:Film and TV
3673:rattan cane
3366:South Korea
2788:South Sudan
2518:Netherlands
2500:New Zealand
1765:Anti-racism
1554:DoSomething
1458:Smoking age
1438:Minor (law)
1373:Child abuse
1268:Youth voice
1238:Unschooling
1213:Paternalism
755:Middle Ages
696:Rhinocorura
544:was allowed
539:in Germany.
537:Nazi regime
484:New Zealand
404:mutilations
262:Court cases
214:Afghanistan
193:Riding crop
5523:Personhood
5355:"Spanking"
4860:8 February
4302:0140806989
4236:Plutarch,
4200:, 2.3–2.6.
4017:"Progress"
3956:References
3939:Tough love
3924:Hotsaucing
3763:mutilation
3759:amputation
3532:Prohibited
3474:Tajikistan
3294:Seychelles
3076:Montenegro
2932:San Marino
2824:Cabo Verde
2662:Luxembourg
2626:Costa Rica
2125:See also:
1992:Modern use
1820:Youth wing
1478:Voting age
1067:Activities
813:John Locke
720:Quintilian
688:Disfigured
585:Ju/'hoansi
563:Prehistory
530:Australian
353:punishment
206:By country
168:Slippering
108:Amputation
5503:Legal aid
5344:, (1996).
4734:30 August
4358:(London).
4167:cite book
4079:1 October
3870:looks on.
3782:bastinado
3438:Mauritius
3150:Lithuania
2950:Nicaragua
2914:Argentina
2572:Venezuela
1835:Socialism
1830:Communism
1356:at school
1181:Democracy
799:Modernity
604:Antiquity
402:and even
400:brandings
396:floggings
389:horsewhip
373:prisoners
239:Singapore
178:Strapping
5810:Category
5765:Abortion
5603:Suffrage
5358:Archived
5205:34446972
5125:Archived
4987:25 April
4886:17 April
4881:BBC News
4838:21 March
4615:Archived
4572:Archived
4534:Archived
4505:Archived
4472:Archived
4393:Archived
4319:Archived
4282:10463182
4134:15767752
3897:See also
3822:Slovakia
3757:such as
3633:spanking
3348:Colombia
3312:Scotland
3132:Slovenia
3094:Paraguay
3058:Mongolia
2842:Honduras
2536:Portugal
2356:Bulgaria
2159:Country
1780:Feminism
1672:Fletcher
1584:Mermaids
1448:Restavec
1223:Suffrage
1166:Adultism
863:flogging
815:, whose
748:Birching
732:Plutarch
581:Parakanã
468:paddling
426:of most
381:whipping
369:paddling
365:spanking
301:Politics
229:Malaysia
173:Spanking
123:Branding
118:Birching
87:Judicial
82:Domestic
74:By place
51:a series
49:Part of
5513:Liberty
5196:8386132
5148:6 April
4977:Reuters
4957:15 July
4690:6 March
4262:3085780
3826:Hungary
3816:In the
3797:Rituals
3788:Effects
3503:Schools
3258:Georgia
3022:Ireland
2986:Andorra
2968:Estonia
2896:Bolivia
2770:Albania
2716:Tunisia
2644:Moldova
2554:Uruguay
2464:Hungary
2446:Romania
2428:Ukraine
2410:Iceland
2338:Croatia
2320:Germany
2266:Denmark
2230:Austria
2194:Finland
1914:in the
1840:Marxism
1724:Related
1707:Postman
1351:at home
772:denosed
768:blinded
698:on the
624:In the
567:Author
558:History
383:with a
163:Sjambok
158:Scourge
113:Belting
5752:Sexual
5237:
5203:
5193:
4761:
4655:
4375:
4300:
4280:
4260:
4226:, 2.5.
4188:, 2.3.
4155:
4132:
4096:, 2.1.
4042:
3767:caning
3751:ad hoc
3735:caning
3709:
3471:
3453:
3435:
3417:
3402:Zambia
3399:
3381:
3363:
3345:
3330:Guinea
3327:
3309:
3291:
3273:
3255:
3240:Jersey
3237:
3219:
3204:France
3201:
3186:Kosovo
3183:
3147:
3129:
3110:
3091:
3073:
3055:
3037:
3019:
3001:
2983:
2965:
2947:
2929:
2911:
2893:
2878:Brazil
2875:
2857:
2839:
2821:
2803:
2785:
2767:
2749:
2731:
2713:
2695:
2677:
2659:
2641:
2623:
2605:
2587:
2569:
2551:
2533:
2515:
2497:
2482:Greece
2479:
2461:
2443:
2425:
2407:
2389:
2374:Israel
2371:
2353:
2335:
2317:
2302:Latvia
2299:
2284:Poland
2281:
2263:
2248:Cyprus
2245:
2227:
2212:Norway
2209:
2191:
2176:Sweden
2173:
2144:Poland
2133:Europe
2110:
2104:
2098:
2077:
2071:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2004:, and
1975:2011:
1958:1989:
1947:1959:
1923:1923:
1677:Hanson
1666:People
1368:Curfew
1361:in law
1280:Issues
1171:Ageism
1030:1961:
1011:1966:
992:1984:
973:1966:
936:1985:
909:1950:
850:Sweden
763:, the
713:fasces
708:Sparta
682:, and
680:Greece
492:Africa
472:Canada
464:caning
448:Europe
377:slaves
361:minors
244:Taiwan
219:Brunei
183:Switch
153:Paddle
128:Caning
92:School
4953:. CNN
4906:(PDF)
4712:9 May
4666:(PDF)
4649:(PDF)
3944:Virge
3889:See:
3726:Kabul
3675:or a
3478:2024
3460:2024
3442:2022
3424:2022
3406:2022
3388:2022
3384:Wales
3370:2021
3352:2021
3334:2021
3316:2020
3298:2020
3280:2020
3276:Japan
3262:2020
3244:2019
3226:2019
3208:2019
3190:2019
3172:2018
3168:Nepal
3154:2017
3136:2016
3118:2016
3113:Aruba
3098:2016
3080:2016
3062:2016
3044:2015
3026:2015
3008:2015
3004:Benin
2990:2014
2972:2014
2954:2014
2936:2014
2918:2014
2900:2014
2882:2014
2864:2014
2860:Malta
2846:2013
2828:2013
2810:2013
2792:2011
2774:2010
2756:2010
2738:2010
2734:Kenya
2720:2010
2702:2009
2698:India
2684:2008
2666:2008
2648:2008
2630:2008
2612:2007
2594:2007
2590:Spain
2576:2007
2558:2007
2540:2007
2522:2007
2504:2007
2486:2006
2468:2005
2450:2004
2432:2004
2414:2003
2396:2002
2378:2000
2360:2000
2342:1999
2324:1998
2306:1998
2288:1997
2270:1997
2252:1994
2234:1989
2216:1987
2198:1983
2180:1979
2162:Year
1702:Males
1682:Henry
886:tawse
838:Batog
700:Sinai
692:Tjaru
676:China
672:Egypt
476:Kenya
387:or a
351:is a
347:or a
234:Qatar
188:Tawse
148:Knout
5289:2019
5263:2019
5235:ISBN
5201:PMID
5150:2017
4989:2020
4959:2018
4888:2024
4862:2017
4840:2022
4814:2012
4787:2012
4759:ISBN
4736:2024
4714:2024
4692:2018
4653:ISBN
4373:ISBN
4298:ISBN
4278:OCLC
4258:OCLC
4173:link
4153:ISBN
4130:OCLC
4081:2017
4040:ISBN
3570:159
3558:131
3545:117
3542:156
3539:130
3498:Home
3456:Laos
3420:Cuba
3040:Peru
2608:Togo
2135:and
1966:2006
1712:Yaco
1697:Duff
1687:Holt
1130:Prez
1038:2001
1019:1999
1000:1996
981:1992
964:1990
952:1990
925:1978
770:and
694:and
684:Rome
583:and
494:and
450:and
385:belt
375:and
357:pain
224:Iran
198:Whip
5754:and
5191:PMC
4918:doi
3852:Art
3761:or
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3567:77
3564:41
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